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id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-后世影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#后世影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>后世影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-后世影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-流行文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#流行文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>流行文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-流行文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">阿斯基亚·穆罕默德一世</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。30种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="أسكيا محمد – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسكيا محمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83)" title="اسكيا محمد (ملك) – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسكيا محمد (ملك)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Аския Мохамед Туре – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аския Мохамед Туре" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6" title="আসকিয়া মুহাম্মদ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আসকিয়া মুহাম্মদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Muh%C3%A0mmad_ibn_Abi_Bakr" title="Askia Muhàmmad ibn Abi Bakr – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Askia Muhàmmad ibn Abi Bakr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammed" title="Askia Mohammed – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Askia Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammad_I." title="Askia Mohammad I. – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Askia Mohammad I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Muhammad_I" title="Askia Muhammad I – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Askia Muhammad I" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohamed_I_el_Grande" title="Askia Mohamed I el Grande – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Askia Mohamed I el Grande" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammad_Ture" title="Askia Mohammad Ture – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Askia Mohammad Ture" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammed" title="Askia Mohammed – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Askia Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammad_I" title="Askia Mohammad I – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Askia Mohammad I" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammad_I" title="Askia Mohammad I – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Askia Mohammad I" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammad_I" title="Askia Mohammad I – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Askia Mohammad I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%891%E4%B8%96" title="アスキア・ムハンマド1世 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アスキア・ムハンマド1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="I Мұхаммед Аскиа – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="I Мұхаммед Аскиа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84_%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C_1%EC%84%B8" title="아스키아 무함마드 1세 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아스키아 무함마드 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammed_I" title="Askia Mohammed I – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Askia Mohammed I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammad_I" title="Askia Mohammad I – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Askia Mohammad I" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8A%DF%9B%DF%9E%DF%8C%DF%A6%DF%8A%DF%AB_%DF%A1%DF%8E%DF%AC%DF%A4%DF%8A%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%98" title="ߊߛߞߌߦߊ߫ ߡߎ߬ߤߊߡߊ߬ߘ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߊߛߞߌߦߊ߫ ߡߎ߬ߤߊߡߊ߬ߘ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Muhammed" title="Askia Muhammed – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Askia Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mohammed_I_Wielki" title="Askia Mohammed I Wielki – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Askia Mohammed I Wielki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="آسکیا محمد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آسکیا محمد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81squia_Maom%C3%A9_I" title="Ásquia Maomé I – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ásquia Maomé I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_I" title="Аския Мохаммед I – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аския Мохаммед I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_I_Askia" title="Muhammad I Askia – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muhammad I Askia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askia_Mashuhuri" title="Askia Mashuhuri – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Askia Mashuhuri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ture_Muhammed" title="Ture Muhammed – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ture Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_I" title="Аскія Мохаммад I – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аскія Мохаммад I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="آسکیا محمد اول – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آسکیا محمد اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1771994#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div 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.infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; font-size: 125%">阿斯基亚·穆罕默德</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="桑海帝国">桑海帝国</a>皇帝</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">前任</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松尼·巴鲁（页面不存在）">松尼·巴鲁</a>（1492-1493）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">繼任</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿斯基亚·穆萨（页面不存在）">阿斯基亚·穆萨</a>（1529-1531）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1443年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1538年<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="桑海帝国">桑海帝国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%A5%A5" title="加奥">加奥</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">安葬</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%A5%A5" title="加奥">加奥</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%E9%99%B5" title="阿斯基亚陵">阿斯基亚陵</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">子嗣</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">伊斯梅尔与哈伊贝</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">全名</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;;">穆罕默德·图雷</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="朝代">朝代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">阿斯基亚王朝</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">父親</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">阿尔卢姆·西拉</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">母親</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">卡萨伊</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">宗教信仰</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8A%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="逊尼派">逊尼派</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG/220px-SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG/330px-SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG/440px-SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="988" /></a><figcaption>阿斯基亚·穆罕默德统治期间（1500年前后）桑海帝国大致疆域</figcaption></figure> <p><b>阿斯基亚·穆罕默德一世</b>（Askia Mohammad I，约1443－1538），原名<b>穆罕默德·图雷</b>（Mohamed Touré），简称<b>阿斯基亚</b>或<b>阿斯基亚大帝</b>，15世纪晚期<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="桑海帝国">桑海帝国</a>皇帝（1493－1528）、军事将领、政治改革者<sup id="cite_ref-MeriBacharach2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeriBacharach2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>他出生于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%8C%E5%A1%94%E6%89%98%E7%BD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="富塔托罗（页面不存在）">富塔托罗</a>，其后成为桑海帝国的主要军事统帅之一。当时的桑海帝国仍在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松尼王朝（页面不存在）">松尼王朝</a>统治之下，杰出的皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C" title="桑尼·阿里">松尼·阿里</a>逝世后，子<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松尼·巴鲁（页面不存在）">松尼·巴鲁</a>即位，但他并非虔诚的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。松尼·阿里之甥<sup id="cite_ref-baike_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baike-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、当时名为穆罕默德·图雷的阿斯基亚决定挑战松尼·巴鲁的统治<sup id="cite_ref-globaled_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globaled-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，起兵挑起内战，并在1493年4月赢得胜利，取得皇位，开创阿斯基亚王朝的统治<sup id="cite_ref-globaled_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globaled-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>成为皇帝后，他率军进行了一系列的扩张活动，极大地扩展了桑海帝国的疆域，使之成为西非史上规模最大的帝国之一，国土北达今<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="马里">马里</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%89%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔加扎（页面不存在）">塔加扎</a>（Taghaza），南达今<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%9F%BA%E7%BA%B3%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="布基纳法索">布基纳法索</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%BB%95%E5%8A%A0%E7%9C%81" title="雅滕加省">雅滕加省</a>境内，东至<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="艾爾高原">艾尔高原</a>，西达<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A1%94%E8%B3%88%E9%9A%86" title="富塔賈隆">富塔贾隆</a>地区，桑海帝国的势力史上首次延伸到了南方的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="豪萨人">豪萨</a>城邦地带。他并不拘泥于伊斯兰教国家的传统行政模式，而是建立了高效的官僚管理制度，将国家划分为10大行省，派亲信治理<sup id="cite_ref-baike_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baike-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。贸易方面，阿斯基亚建立起标准化的商贸规则、统一度量衡体系，并派官监督商路情况，此外还创制了基本的税收体系。桑海帝国在阿斯基亚统治期间扩大了同欧洲和亚洲人的通商规模。阿斯基亚晚年失明，1528年被其子<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿斯基亚·穆萨（页面不存在）">穆萨</a>废黜<sup id="cite_ref-baike_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baike-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>阿斯基亚大力兴办教育、赞助学术。桑海帝国的学术领域在他的统治时代迎来兴盛，阿斯基亚之侄穆罕默德·卡蒂是杰出的学者之一，著作丰富。由于其皇位系自松尼王朝篡夺而来，阿斯基亚因而与<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E5%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="廷巴克图">廷巴克图</a>的伊斯兰学者来往密切，以此加强其正统性。廷巴克图的伊斯兰学术在此期间也随而进入黄金时期<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这一时期的廷巴克图学者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%8B%8F%E8%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾哈迈德·巴巴·马苏菲（页面不存在）">艾哈迈德·巴巴</a>所著的关于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰教法">伊斯兰教法</a>的著作在今日仍具有实用意义；穆罕默德·卡蒂的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E%E7%BC%96%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西非编年史（页面不存在）">西非编年史</a>》（<i>Tarikh al-fattash</i>）和阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼·萨迪的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%BC%96%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲编年史（页面不存在）">非洲编年史</a>》（<i>Tarikh al-Sudan</i>）是当今学者研究<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>非洲历史重要的参考文献。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="后世影响"><span id=".E5.90.8E.E4.B8.96.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>后世影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：后世影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>阿斯基亚·穆罕默德一世的陵墓，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%E9%99%B5" title="阿斯基亚陵">阿斯基亚陵</a>，已被<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">联合国教科文组织</a>列入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">世界遗产名录</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="流行文化"><span id=".E6.B5.81.E8.A1.8C.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>流行文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：流行文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%90%88%E5%88%B6%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="回合制战略游戏">回合策略游戏</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8EV" title="文明V">《文明V》</a>中，由阿斯基亚·穆罕默德一世领导桑海文明。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿斯基亚王朝（页面不存在）">阿斯基亚王朝</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MeriBacharach2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeriBacharach2006_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Josef W. Meri; Jere L. Bacharach. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LaV-IGZ8VKIC&pg=PA764">Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, index</a>. Taylor & Francis. 2006: 764. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-96692-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-96692-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-415-96692-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&rft.au=Jere+L.+Bacharach&rft.au=Josef+W.+Meri&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+L-Z%2C+index&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96692-4&rft.pages=764&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLaV-IGZ8VKIC%26pg%3DPA764&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GX1fNzyNO5AC&pg=PA78&dq=%22Sunni+Baru%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aBLHUoyYF5GM7AbS14G4Cw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Sunni%20Baru%22&f=false">Towards an Understanding of the African Experience from Historical</a> By Festus Ugboaja Ohaegbulam</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baike-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baike_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baike_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baike_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">中国大百科全书出版社汇编. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="中国大百科全书">中国大百科全书</a>. 外国历史（二）第一版. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社. 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.date=1998&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.series=%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%89&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>，第692页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hodge. Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism. Page 782</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-globaled-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globaled_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globaled_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globaled.org/nyworld/materials/african3.html">Biographical information on historical African figures</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050830161045/http://www.globaled.org/nyworld/materials/african3.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） from globaled.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396293/Muhammad-I-Askia#md-media-strip-tab-lists-content"><i>Muḥammad I Askia Songhai ruler</i></a> from britannica.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vogel, Joseph O., <i>Encyclopedia of Precolonial Africa: Archaeology, History, Languages, Cultures, and Environments</i>, page 493 (1997). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7619-8902-1" title="Special:网络书源/0-7619-8902-1">0-7619-8902-1</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webusers.xula.edu/jrotondo/Kingdoms/Songhay/SunniAli01.html"><i>Kingdoms of the Medieval Sudan</i> - Xavier University</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20181001190555/http://webusers.xula.edu/jrotondo/Kingdoms/Songhay/SunniAli01.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181201140357/http://www.africanlegends.info/">Ancient African Legends</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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