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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 39</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Rubab Naseem</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Bioremediation Potential of Stegiocolonium and Spirogyra Grown in Waste Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelma%20Munir">Neelma Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zirwa%20Sarwar"> Zirwa Sarwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Naseem"> Rubab Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Hasnain"> Maria Hasnain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shagufta%20Naz"> Shagufta Naz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wastewater discharge from different sources causes contamination of water bodies and eutrophication. Stegiocolonium and Spirogyra are commonly found algal species in the water bodies of Pakistan. These algal species were tested for their bioremediation potential using different wastewaters. Different parameters, i.e., BOD, COD, pH, nitrates, phosphates and microflora, were analyzed to observe the phycoremediation efficiency of the tested algal strains. When these different wastewaters were treated with these algae, reduction of BOD and COD was observed helped in the reduction of pollutants from the environment. From the results of the present study, it was evident that Ulothrix sp. and Oedogonium sp. showed a high biomass production in different wastewaters as compared to Stigeoclonium sp. and Spirogyra sp. Whereas the oil content of Stigeoclonium sp. was greater than Spirogyra sp. Oil extracted from algal strains was then utilized for converting it to biodiesel, indicating that these algal species can be cultured in wastewater to produce biodiesel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae" title="algae">algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel" title=" biofuel"> biofuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title=" bioremediation"> bioremediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146107/bioremediation-potential-of-stegiocolonium-and-spirogyra-grown-in-waste-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Analytical Study of Data Mining Techniques for Software Quality Assurance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Bibi">Mariam Bibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Mehboob"> Rubab Mehboob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehreen%20Sirshar"> Mehreen Sirshar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Satisfying the customer requirements is the ultimate goal of producing or developing any product. The quality of the product is decided on the bases of the level of customer satisfaction. There are different techniques which have been reported during the survey which enhance the quality of the product through software defect prediction and by locating the missing software requirements. Some mining techniques were proposed to assess the individual performance indicators in collaborative environment to reduce errors at individual level. The basic intention is to produce a product with zero or few defects thereby producing a best product quality wise. In the analysis of survey the techniques like Genetic algorithm, artificial neural network, classification and clustering techniques and decision tree are studied. After analysis it has been discovered that these techniques contributed much to the improvement and enhancement of the quality of the product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title="data mining">data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect%20prediction" title=" defect prediction"> defect prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missing%20requirements" title=" missing requirements"> missing requirements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20quality" title=" software quality"> software quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26206/analytical-study-of-data-mining-techniques-for-software-quality-assurance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Technology in English Language Teaching and Its Benefits in Improving Language Skills</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Naseem">Yasir Naseem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this fast-growing and evolving world, usage and adoption of technology have displayed an essential component of the learning process, both in and out of the class, which converges and incorporates every domain of the learning aspects. It aids in learning distinct entities irrespective of their levels of challenge. It also incorporates both viewpoints of learning, i.e., competence as well as the performances of the learner. In today's learning scenario, nearly every language class ordinarily uses some form of technology. It integrates with various teaching methodologies and transforms in a way that now it grew as an integral part of the language learning courses. It has been employed to facilitate, promote, and enhances language learning. It facilitates educators in numerous ways and enhances their methodologies by equipping them to modify classroom activities, which covers every aspect of language learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodology" title=" methodology"> methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skills" title=" skills"> skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130827/technology-in-english-language-teaching-and-its-benefits-in-improving-language-skills" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Evaluating the Effectiveness of Digital Game-Based Learning on Educational Outcomes of Students with Special Needs in an Inclusive Classroom </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafaq%20Rubab">Shafaq Rubab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The inclusion of special needs students in a classroom is prevailing gradually in developing countries. Digital game-based learning is one the most effective instructional methodology for special needs students. Digital game-based learning facilitates special needs students who actually face challenges and obstacles in their learning processes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital game-based learning on the educational progress of special needs students in developing countries. The quasi-experimental research was conducted by using purposively selected sample size of eight special needs students. Results of both experimental and control group showed that performance of the experimental group students was better than the control group students and there was a significant difference between both groups’ results. This research strongly recommended that digital game-based learning can help special needs students in an inclusive classroom. It also revealed that special needs students can learn efficiently by using pedagogically sound learning games and game-based learning helps a lot for the self-paced fast-track learning system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20education" title="inclusive education">inclusive education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20needs" title=" special needs"> special needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20game-based%20learning" title=" digital game-based learning"> digital game-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast-track%20learning" title=" fast-track learning"> fast-track learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85229/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-digital-game-based-learning-on-educational-outcomes-of-students-with-special-needs-in-an-inclusive-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Spatio- Temporal Gender Based Patterns of Lung Cancer in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, 2008-2012</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Z.%20Kahlon">Rubab Z. Kahlon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibtisam%20Butt"> Ibtisam Butt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isma%20Younis"> Isma Younis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aamer%20G.%20Mufti"> Aamer G. Mufti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Worldwide lung cancer 1.61 million cases were seen in both genders. Lung carcinoma is the major cause of both morbidity and mortality in the world. Purpose of the present study was to describe the spatio- temporal trends of lung cancer in both genders. A retrospective study was conducted. Total 1498 patients of lung carcinoma were examined. Only lung cancer patients from all over the Punjab were included in the present study. MS Excel 2010 was used for data tabulation and calculation while the Arc GIS version 9.3 was used for geographical representation of the data. 1498 cases of Lung cancer were found from 2008-2012. The number of male patients was 1236 and female was 262. Majority of the patients were from Lahore districts with 807 patients. Lung cancer was more prevalent in male as compared to female in our region. Increase in the prevalence of lung cancer was prominently seen in the most populated and industrial areas of the Punjab province. Time trend of five years showed fluctuation in the lung cancer incidence during the study period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=districts" title="districts">districts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer%20trends" title=" lung cancer trends"> lung cancer trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punjab%20province%20of%20Pakistan" title=" Punjab province of Pakistan"> Punjab province of Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16988/spatio-temporal-gender-based-patterns-of-lung-cancer-in-the-punjab-province-of-pakistan-2008-2012" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Facebook Spam and Spam Filter Using Artificial Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fahim">A. Fahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mutahira%20N.%20Naseem"> Mutahira N. Naseem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SPAM is any unwanted electronic message or material in any form posted to many people. As the world is growing as global world, social networking sites play an important role in making world global providing people from different parts of the world a platform to meet and express their views. Among different social networking sites facebook become the leading one. With increase in usage different users start abusive use of facebook by posting or creating ways to post spam. This paper highlights the potential spam types nowadays facebook users faces. This paper also provide the reason how user become victim to spam attack. A methodology is proposed in the end discusses how to handle different types of spam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title="artificial neural networks">artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facebook%20spam" title=" facebook spam"> facebook spam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networking%20sites" title=" social networking sites"> social networking sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spam%20filter" title=" spam filter"> spam filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17173/facebook-spam-and-spam-filter-using-artificial-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Work Life Balance Strategies and Retention of Medical Professionals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseem%20M.%20Twaissi">Naseem M. Twaissi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medical professionals play an important role in society, and in general, they care more about their patients than about their personal well-being. They need to take a professional approach to maintain a work-life balance. Through a collection of primary data from 1020 medical professionals and the application of relevant statistical tools, this paper explores the pressures on medical professionals with reference to their work-life balance. This study highlights how hospital management, in addition to economic reasons, needs to identify variables to enhance the work-life balance of medical professionals so that quality healthcare facilities may be provided to the citizens of Jordan. Results indicate that formulation and implementation of policies for enhancing work-life balance together with career and retention plans for medical professionals would enhance the performance of hospitals and the quality of health care in Jordan, leading to greater societal well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20life%20balance" title="work life balance">work life balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20environment" title=" job environment"> job environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20satisfaction" title=" job satisfaction"> job satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20well-being" title=" employee well-being"> employee well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital%20industry" title=" hospital industry"> hospital industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157303/work-life-balance-strategies-and-retention-of-medical-professionals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Heat Transfer Enhancement by Turbulent Impinging Jet with Jet's Velocity Field Excitations Using OpenFOAM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseem%20Uddin">Naseem Uddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Impinging jets are used in variety of engineering and industrial applications. This paper is based on numerical simulations of heat transfer by turbulent impinging jet with velocity field excitations using different Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations models. Also Detached Eddy Simulations are conducted to investigate the differences in the prediction capabilities of these two simulation approaches. In this paper the excited jet is simulated in non-commercial CFD code OpenFOAM with the goal to understand the influence of dynamics of impinging jet on heat transfer. The jet’s frequencies are altered keeping in view the preferred mode of the jet. The Reynolds number based on mean velocity and diameter is 23,000 and jet’s outlet-to-target wall distance is 2. It is found that heat transfer at the target wall can be influenced by judicious selection of amplitude and frequencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excitation" title="excitation">excitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impinging%20jet" title=" impinging jet"> impinging jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20models" title=" turbulence models"> turbulence models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59849/heat-transfer-enhancement-by-turbulent-impinging-jet-with-jets-velocity-field-excitations-using-openfoam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Impact of Brand Image, Brand Personality and Brand Love on Word of Mouth: Pakistani Fashion Brands </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Asif">Amna Asif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Naseem"> Rabia Naseem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the domain of consumer-brand relationship, love for a fashion brand is a dominant idea. Brand executives incline to build more endearing brands, for example, Levi’s “Quality never goes out of style”. Though, the significance of this notion is not often debated in the literature of marketing. Moreover, the effect of brand image and personality on brand love has not been examined in any quantitative study in Pakistan. The current research aims to fill this study gap by evolving a causal framework integrating word-of-mouth, brand love, image, and personality to examine the relationships among them. Data was gathered through questionnaires survey, and it was filled by 409 university students. AMOS 20 was used to draw a path analysis and test the hypotheses. Results discovered that brand personality and brand image leads to brand love that ultimately impacts word-of-mouth. Results give thorough suggestions on which future research can be constructed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20love" title="brand love">brand love</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20personality" title=" brand personality"> brand personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20image" title=" brand image"> brand image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fashion%20brands" title=" fashion brands"> fashion brands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word-of-mouth" title=" word-of-mouth"> word-of-mouth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64312/impact-of-brand-image-brand-personality-and-brand-love-on-word-of-mouth-pakistani-fashion-brands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Antagonistic Effect of Indigenous Plant Extracts toward Dusky Cotton Bug, Oxycarenus laetus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rafiq%20Shahid">Muhammad Rafiq Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hassan"> Ali Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umm-e-%20Rubab"> Umm-e- Rubab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Nadeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insecticidal property of plant extracts was assessed toward dusky bug of cotton. Plant extracts consisted of bari pata (Ziziphus jajuba), Ak (Calotropis gigantean), Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Bakine (Melia azedarach),Kanar (Nerium oleander),Kurtuma (Mitragyna speciosa) and one Control was also included with distilled water treatment. Forced feeding experiment was used to determine the antibiotic effect of bug plant extracts on dusky bug whereas Multi-choice experiment to determine the antixenosis/ repellent property of botanicals. It is evident from the results that mortality and antibiosis percentage of dusky bug due to the use of botanicals ranged from 15-95% and 20-87.3% respectively that was maximum in tobacoo extract followed by bakain and kurtama, minimum was on Ak, kanair and bakain extract. Non preference ranged from 14.28 to 85.7 where maximum non preference of dusky bug was found on bakain and kurtama followed by ak and kanair however minimum was on Bari pata extract. It was further found that local plant extract possessed insecticidal property toward dusky bug as well as also possesses repellency effect toward dusky bug, thus should be included in integrated pest management program of cotton in order to minimize the ill effects of pesticides it is compulsory to adopt eco-friendly methods of insect pest management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botanical%20extract" title="botanical extract">botanical extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticidal%20and%20repellency%20activity" title=" insecticidal and repellency activity"> insecticidal and repellency activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gossypium%20hirsutum" title=" Gossypium hirsutum"> Gossypium hirsutum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxycarenus%20laetus" title=" oxycarenus laetus"> oxycarenus laetus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15157/antagonistic-effect-of-indigenous-plant-extracts-toward-dusky-cotton-bug-oxycarenus-laetus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Designed μ-Chlorido-Bridged Dimanganese (II) Complexes to Mimic the Activity of Galactose Oxidase Enzyme: Application in the Dehydrogenative Oxidation of Alcohol and Aldol Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apurva%20Singh">Apurva Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseem%20Ahmed"> Naseem Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dual functional manganese complex compelling with 2-hydrazineylpyridine moiety as ligand relevant to the activity of galactose oxidase enzyme is synthesized. Single crystal XRD and EPR studies showed both Manganese-centers are in +2 oxidation states with μ-Chlorido-bridged between them. The catalysts have maintained stability even at 300°C temperature, as demonstrated through TGA analysis. PXRD and XPS studies were used to further characterize the catalyst structure. The catalyst (Mn-C₁) is highly efficient in the selective dehydrogenative oxidation of alcohols in the presence of oxidant 30 % aq. H₂O₂ through a radical pathway. Likewise, the catalysts (Mn-C₁ and Mn-C₄) were efficiently used in the synthesis of β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds (aldol products) and chalcones up to 90% and 95% yield, respectively, at different temperatures via C-H bond activation. Both benzylic and aliphatic substrates are explored, having functional group tolerance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manganese-based%202-hydrazineylpyridine%20complex" title="manganese-based 2-hydrazineylpyridine complex">manganese-based 2-hydrazineylpyridine complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-hydroxy%20carbonyl%20product" title=" β-hydroxy carbonyl product"> β-hydroxy carbonyl product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free-radical%20reaction" title=" free-radical reaction"> free-radical reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehydrogenative%20oxidation" title=" dehydrogenative oxidation"> dehydrogenative oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lewis%20acidity" title=" Lewis acidity"> Lewis acidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195929/designed-m-chlorido-bridged-dimanganese-ii-complexes-to-mimic-the-activity-of-galactose-oxidase-enzyme-application-in-the-dehydrogenative-oxidation-of-alcohol-and-aldol-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Fashion Blogging as a Marketing Tool: A Cross-Cultural Investigation to Help the Emerging Fashion Markets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Ashiq">Rubab Ashiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bazaz%20Pinky"> Bazaz Pinky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last decade, the emerging phenomenon of fashion blogging has altered the fashion landscape by providing new avenues of marketing to the fashion brands and designers. Given the growing popularity of this trend, there is a potential research scope within the developing fashion markets in South Asia as the majority of the previous studies have been centralized in the context of an established fashion industry. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide an insight on how these newly established marketplaces can benefit by incorporating fashion blogging as a marketing tool in a cross-cultural context. For this reason, the established fashion industry of UK and emerging fashion market of Pakistan was chosen to address the impact of cross-cultural differences on blogging based on the idea of individualism and collectivism. The study used a qualitative approach, using the semi-structured interviews with the fashion industry professionals including PR experts, fashion designers and fashion bloggers Additionally, a questionnaire was designed to gauge consumer’s perception of the blogging from the chosen fashion industries. It is established through the research findings that blogging has evolved from a trend to a strategic public relations and marketing tool in the established fashion industry, which is progressively growing its roots in the new emerging fashion markets. Furthermore, it is evaluated from the research that the cross-cultural differences have a positive impact on fashion blogging. Thus, this research paper serves as the guideline for the emerging fashion markets to incorporate fashion blogging as a marketing tool which can facilitate effective cross-cultural communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blogging" title="blogging">blogging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20marketing" title=" digital marketing"> digital marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural" title=" cross-cultural"> cross-cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89593/fashion-blogging-as-a-marketing-tool-a-cross-cultural-investigation-to-help-the-emerging-fashion-markets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Disparities in the Levels of Economic Development in Uttar Pradesh: A Regional Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naushaba%20Naseem%20Ahmed">Naushaba Naseem Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Economic development does not merely depend upon the level of development but also on its distributive aspect. As it is a serious issue, the fruit of development is not equally distributed among the different section of peoples and different part of the country this cause the regional disparities in the levels of social economic development. Different part of the country has different resource endowments in term of natural, human and capital. If there is the uniform condition to grow, these areas that have better resources, are favourably placed grow comparatively faster as other areas. Thus with the very stage of development, gap between resourceful and less resourceful area goes on widening. This paper is an attempt to highlight the levels of disparities in term of economic development with the help of selected variables. Principal component analysis, correlation, and coefficient of variation are the techniques which were used in paper and employed published data for analysis. The result shows that Western region of Uttar Pradesh is more developed followed by Central Region. There will be urgent need in investment and developmental policies for the backward region like Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20variation" title="coefficient of variation">coefficient of variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58501/disparities-in-the-levels-of-economic-development-in-uttar-pradesh-a-regional-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Assessment of Forest Resource Exploitation in the Rural Communities of District Jhelum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Zafar%20Kahlon">Rubab Zafar Kahlon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibtisam%20Butt"> Ibtisam Butt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forest resources are deteriorating and experiencing decline around the globe due to unsustainable use and over exploitation. The present study was an attempt to determine the relationship between human activities, forest resource utilization, extraction methods and practices of forest resource exploitation in the district Jhelum of Pakistan. For this purpose, primary sources of data were used which were collected from 8 villages through structured questionnaire and tabulated in Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS 22 was used for multiple linear regression analysis. The results revealed that farming, wood cutting, animal husbandry and agro-forestry were the major occupations in the study area. Most commonly used resources included timber 26%, fuelwood 25% and fodder 19%. Methods used for resource extraction included gathering 49%, plucking 34% trapping 11% and cutting 6%. Population growth, increased demand of fuelwood and land conversion were the main reasons behind forest degradation. Results for multiple linear regression revealed that Forest based activities, sources of energy production, methods used for wood harvesting and resource extraction and use of fuelwood for energy production contributed significantly towards extensive forest resource exploitation with p value <0.5 within the study area. The study suggests that effective measures should be taken by forest department to control the unsustainable use of forest resources by stringent management interventions and awareness campaigns in Jhelum district. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20resource" title="forest resource">forest resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title=" biodiversity"> biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expliotation" title=" expliotation"> expliotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20activities" title=" human activities"> human activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151790/assessment-of-forest-resource-exploitation-in-the-rural-communities-of-district-jhelum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Assessing the Viability of Solar Water Pumps Economically, Socially and Environmentally in Soan Valley, Punjab</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zenab%20Naseem">Zenab Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Imran"> Sadia Imran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the key solutions to the climate change crisis is to develop renewable energy resources, such as solar and wind power and biogas. This paper explores the socioeconomic and environmental viability of solar energy, based on a case study of the Soan Valley Development Program. Under this project, local farmers were provided solar water pumps at subsidized rates. These have been functional for the last seven years and have gained popularity among the local communities. The study measures the economic viability of using solar energy in agriculture, based on data from 36 households, of which 12 households each use diesel, electric and solar water pumps. Our findings are based on the net present value of each technology type. We also carry out a qualitative assessment of the social impact of solar water pumps relative to diesel and electric pumps. Finally, we conduct an environmental impact assessment, using the lifecycle assessment approach. All three analyses indicate that solar energy is a viable alternative to diesel and electricity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20energy%20sources" title="alternative energy sources">alternative energy sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution%20control%20adoption%20and%20costs" title=" pollution control adoption and costs"> pollution control adoption and costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy%20pumps" title=" solar energy pumps"> solar energy pumps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51524/assessing-the-viability-of-solar-water-pumps-economically-socially-and-environmentally-in-soan-valley-punjab" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Analysis of Economic Order Quantity, Safety Stock, Maximum Inventory Control, Lot Size and Reorder Point for Engro Polymers and Chemicals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akber%20Jaffri">Ali Akber Jaffri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20Naseem"> Asad Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javeria%20Khan"> Javeria Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zubair%20Hamza"> Zubair Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishtiaq"> Ishtiaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to determine safety stock, maximum inventory level, reordering point, and reordering quantity by rearranging lot sizes for supplier and customer in MRO (maintenance repair operations) warehouse of Engro Polymers & Chemicals. To achieve the aim, physical analysis method and excel commands were carried out to elicit the customer and supplier data provided by the company. Initially, we rearranged the current lot sizes and MOUs (measure of units) in SAP software. Due to change in lot sizes, we have to determine the new quantities for safety stock, maximum inventory, reordering point and reordering quantity as per company's demand. By proposed system, we saved extra cost in terms of reducing time of receiving from vendor and in issuance to customer, ease of material handling in MRO warehouse and also reduce human efforts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20repair%20operation" title="maintenance repair operation">maintenance repair operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20inventory" title=" maximum inventory"> maximum inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reorder%20quantity" title=" reorder quantity"> reorder quantity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20stock" title=" safety stock"> safety stock</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47482/analysis-of-economic-order-quantity-safety-stock-maximum-inventory-control-lot-size-and-reorder-point-for-engro-polymers-and-chemicals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Influence of Wall Stiffness and Embedment Depth on Excavations Supported by Cantilever Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naseem%20Baig">Muhammad Naseem Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Qudoos%20Khan"> Abdul Qudoos Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Ali"> Jamal Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ground deformations in deep excavations are affected by wall stiffness and pile embedment ratio. This paper presents the findings of a parametric study of 64ft deep excavation in mixed stiff soil conditions supported by a cantilever pile wall. A series of finite element analyses have been carried out in Plaxis 2D by varying pile embedment ratio and wall stiffness. It has been observed that maximum wall deflections decrease by increasing the embedment ratio up to 1.50; however, any further increase in pile length does not improve the performance of wall. Similarly, increasing wall stiffness reduces the wall deformations and affects the deflection patterns of wall. The finite element analysis results are compared with field data of 25 case studies of cantilever walls. Analysis results fall within the range of normalized wall deflections of 25 case studies. It has been concluded that deep excavations can be supported by cantilever walls provided the system stiffness is increased significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excavations" title="excavations">excavations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20systems" title=" support systems"> support systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20stiffness" title=" wall stiffness"> wall stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cantilever%20walls" title=" cantilever walls"> cantilever walls</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139648/influence-of-wall-stiffness-and-embedment-depth-on-excavations-supported-by-cantilever-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Using Students’ Perceptions for Measuring Teacher Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Akram">Muhammad Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qamar%20Naseem"> Qamar Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imtiaz%20Ahmad"> Imtiaz Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to correlate students’ perceptions of teacher effectiveness with their academic achievement in English and Mathematics at the secondary level (grade 9th) based on five national professional standards for teacher evaluation in Pakistan (subject matter knowledge, instructional planning and strategies, assessment, learning environment, effective communication. A Students’ Perceptions of Teacher Effectiveness Questionnaire (SPTEQ) was developed by the researchers to collect data from 2009 students from forty public girls and boys high/ higher secondary schools in district Khanewal, Pakistan. The overall reliability of the SPTEQ was α=.86. The study found a significant positive relationship among all the five factors of teacher effectiveness construct. The study also showed significant, positive relationship between teacher effectiveness factors and students’ achievement in English and mathematics. No significant differences were found between male and female students’ perceptions about their English teacher effectiveness. The implications include students’ personal attachments with their teachers that might convince them to overrate their teachers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20achievement" title=" students’ achievement"> students’ achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20effectiveness" title=" teacher effectiveness"> teacher effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20strategies" title=" teaching strategies"> teaching strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20strategies" title=" teaching strategies"> teaching strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64802/using-students-perceptions-for-measuring-teacher-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Effect of Bacillus subtilis Pb6 on Growth and Gut Microflora in Clostridium perfringens Challenged Broilers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khalique">A. Khalique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Naseem"> T. Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Haque"> N. Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Rasool"> Z. Rasool</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> PB6 (CloSTAT) as a probiotic in broilers. The corn-soybean based diet was divided into four treatment groups; T1 (basal diet with no probiotic and no <em>Clostridium perfringens</em>); T2 (basal diet challenged with <em>C. perfringens</em> without probiotic); T3 (basal diet challenged with <em>C. perfringens</em> having 0.05% probiotic); T4 (basal diet challenged with <em>C. perfringens</em> having 0.1% probiotic). Every treatment group had four replicates with 24 birds each. Body weight and feed intake were measured on weekly basis, while ileal bacterial count was recorded on day-28 following <em>Clostridium</em> <em>perfringens</em> challenge. The 0.1% probiotic treatment showed 7.2% increase in average feed intake (P=0.05) and 8% increase in body weight compared to T2. In 0.1% treatment body weight was 5% higher than T3 (P=0.02). It was also observed that 0.1% treatment had improved feed conversion ratio (1.77) on 6<sup>th</sup> week. No effect of treatment was observed on mortality and ileal bacterial count. The current study indicated that 0.1% use of probiotic had positive response in <em>C. perfringens</em> challenged broilers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis%20PB6" title="Bacillus subtilis PB6">Bacillus subtilis PB6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20growth%20promoters" title=" antibiotic growth promoters"> antibiotic growth promoters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clostridium%20perfringens" title=" Clostridium perfringens"> Clostridium perfringens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broilers" title=" broilers"> broilers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58586/effect-of-bacillus-subtilis-pb6-on-growth-and-gut-microflora-in-clostridium-perfringens-challenged-broilers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Impact of an Instructional Design Model in a Mathematics Game for Enhancing Students’ Motivation in Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafaq%20Rubab">Shafaq Rubab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the biggest reasons of dropouts from schools is lack of motivation and interest among the students, particularly in mathematics. Many developing countries are facing this problem and this issue is lowering the literacy rate in these developing countries. The best solution for increasing motivation level and interest among the students is using tablet game-based learning. However, a pedagogically sound game required a well-planned instructional design model to enhance learner’s attention and confidence otherwise effectiveness of the learning games suffers badly. This research aims to evaluate the impact of the pedagogically sound instructional design model on students’ motivation by using tablet game-based learning. This research was conducted among the out-of-school-students having an age range from 7 to 12 years and the sample size of two hundred students was purposively selected without any gender discrimination. Qualitative research was conducted by using a survey tool named Instructional Material Motivational Survey (IMMS) adapted from Keller Arcs model. A comparison of results from both groups’ i.e. experimental group and control group revealed that motivation level of the students taught by the game was higher than the students instructed by using conventional methodologies. Experimental group’s students were more attentive, confident and satisfied as compared to the control group’s students. This research work not only promoted the trend of digital game-based learning in developing countries but also supported that a pedagogically sound instructional design model utilized in an educational game can increase the motivation level of the students and can make the learning process a totally immersive and interactive fun loving activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20game-based%20learning" title="digital game-based learning">digital game-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%E2%80%99s%20motivation" title=" student’s motivation"> student’s motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructional%20design%20model" title=" instructional design model"> instructional design model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20process" title=" learning process"> learning process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84689/impact-of-an-instructional-design-model-in-a-mathematics-game-for-enhancing-students-motivation-in-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Analysis of Inventory Control, Lot Size and Reorder Point for Engro Polymers and Chemicals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akber%20Jaffri">Ali Akber Jaffri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20Naseem"> Asad Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javeria%20Khan"> Javeria Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to determine safety stock, maximum inventory level, reordering point, and reordering quantity by rearranging lot sizes for supplier and customer in MRO (maintenance repair operations) warehouse of Engro Polymers & Chemicals. To achieve the aim, physical analysis method and excel commands were carried out to elicit the customer and supplier data provided by the company. Initially, we rearranged the current lot sizes and MOUs (measure of units) in SAP software. Due to change in lot sizes we have to determine the new quantities for safety stock, maximum inventory, reordering point and reordering quantity as per company's demand. By proposed system, we saved extra cost in terms of reducing the time of receiving from vendor and in issuance to customer, ease of material handling in MRO warehouse and also reduce human efforts. The information requirements identified in this study can be utilized in calculating Economic Order Quantity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrying%20cost" title="carrying cost">carrying cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20order%20quantity" title=" economic order quantity"> economic order quantity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20moving" title=" fast moving"> fast moving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20time" title=" lead time"> lead time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lot%20size" title=" lot size"> lot size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRO" title=" MRO"> MRO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20inventory" title=" maximum inventory"> maximum inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordering%20cost" title=" ordering cost"> ordering cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20inspection" title=" physical inspection"> physical inspection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reorder%20point" title=" reorder point"> reorder point</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46048/analysis-of-inventory-control-lot-size-and-reorder-point-for-engro-polymers-and-chemicals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Influence of Annealing Temperature on Optical, Anticandidal, Photocatalytic and Dielectric Properties of ZnO/TiO2 Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasi%20Khan">Wasi Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suboohi%20Shervani"> Suboohi Shervani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swaleha%20Naseem"> Swaleha Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.%20Shoeb"> Mohd. Shoeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Khan"> J. A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20R.%20Singh"> B. R. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Naqvi"> A. H. Naqvi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have successfully synthesized ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite using a two-step solochemical synthesis method. The influence of annealing temperature on microstructural, optical, anticandidal, photocatalytic activities and dielectric properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show the formation of nanocomposite and uniform surface morphology of all samples. The UV-Vis spectra indicate decrease in band gap energy with increase in annealing temperature. The anticandidal activity of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite was evaluated against MDR C. albicans 077. The in-vitro killing assay revealed that the ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite efficiently inhibit the growth of the C. albicans 077. The nanocomposite also exhibited the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange as a function of time at 465 nm wavelength. The electrical behaviour of composite has been studied over a wide range of frequencies at room temperature using complex impedance spectroscopy. The dielectric constants, dielectric loss and ac conductivity (σac) were studied as the function of frequency, which have been explained by ‘Maxwell Wagner Model’. The data reveals that the dielectric constant and loss (tanδ) exhibit the normal dielectric behavior and decreases with the increase in frequency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO%2FTiO2%20nanocomposites" title="ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites">ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20activity" title=" photocatalytic activity"> photocatalytic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20properties" title=" dielectric properties"> dielectric properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39657/influence-of-annealing-temperature-on-optical-anticandidal-photocatalytic-and-dielectric-properties-of-znotio2-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Islam, Forced Marriages and Pakistani Culture: An Analytical Overview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseem%20Akhter">Naseem Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozina%20Khattak"> Rozina Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Munir"> Arshad Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Islamic social and family system is very clear concerning will, choice, consent and negation of compulsion and force in human life. Marriage is not only a civil contract but also a religious and spiritual contract between spouse (man and woman), which allows them for each other to live gladly, joyfully and legally in the society. It is an immortal and perpetual association between man and woman, which is filled with sympathetic affection, kindness, compassion and security. Islam gives specific rights to parents and guardians to set up the marriage ceremony and get done it as a respectful family occasion, confer their blessing and advice for a life partner of their children. The rights of parents and guardians are summed up in the term of "Willayah”. Islam does not permit parents, guardians and other relatives to compel their children regarding the marriage of their choice, because the groom and the bride are the real parties of the contract. Therefore, their willingness is of prime importance in order to spend whole life with each other. The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prohibits forcing a virgin to marriage without her permission, whether this is her father or someone else. The right of free consent to choose a life partner is the basic right for the human which is God (Allah) gifted. Unfortunately, forced marriage is a common practice in Pakistani society that has no link with Islam. This article is being written in the same context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice" title="choice">choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consent" title=" consent"> consent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20marriage" title=" forced marriage"> forced marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spouse" title=" spouse"> spouse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49967/islam-forced-marriages-and-pakistani-culture-an-analytical-overview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Sensitivity Assessment of Spectral Salinity Indices over Desert Sabkha of Western UAE</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Ammad">Rubab Ammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelgadir%20Abuelgasim"> Abdelgadir Abuelgasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> UAE typically lies in one of the aridest regions of the world and is thus home to geologic features common to such climatic conditions including vast open deserts, sand dunes, saline soils, inland Sabkha and coastal Sabkha. Sabkha are characteristic salt flats formed in arid environment due to deposition and precipitation of salt and silt over sand surface because of low laying water table and rates of evaporation exceeding rates of precipitation. The study area, which comprises of western UAE, is heavily concentrated with inland Sabkha. Remote sensing is conventionally used to study the soil salinity of agriculturally degraded lands but not so broadly for Sabkha. The focus of this study was to identify these highly saline Sabkha areas on remotely sensed data, using salinity indices. The existing salinity indices in the literature have been designed for agricultural soils and they have not frequently used the spectral response of short-wave infra-red (SWIR1 and SWIR2) parts of electromagnetic spectrum. Using Landsat 8 OLI data and field ground truthing, this study formulated indices utilizing NIR-SWIR parts of spectrum and compared the results with existing salinity indices. Most indices depict reasonably good relationship between salinity and spectral index up until a certain value of salinity after which the reflectance reaches a saturation point. This saturation point varies with index. However, the study findings suggest a role of incorporating near infra-red and short-wave infra-red in salinity index with a potential of showing a positive relationship between salinity and reflectance up to a higher salinity value, compared to rest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabkha" title="Sabkha">Sabkha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity%20index" title=" salinity index"> salinity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saline%20soils" title=" saline soils"> saline soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat%208" title=" Landsat 8"> Landsat 8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWIR1" title=" SWIR1"> SWIR1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWIR2" title=" SWIR2"> SWIR2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAE%20desert" title=" UAE desert"> UAE desert</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77468/sensitivity-assessment-of-spectral-salinity-indices-over-desert-sabkha-of-western-uae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Application of Effective Legal Mechanisms to Strengthen the Current Anti-Corruption System in the Maldives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meefau%20Mohamed%20Naseem">Meefau Mohamed Naseem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corruption is a harmful plague that causes detrimental effects to the political and economic stability of a country. Corruption has turned into a major catastrophe for the Maldives, as the country has lost billions of assets and has caused adverse damages to the nation. This qualitative study gives an extensive insight into contemporary anti-corruption related legislations of the Maldives. These legislations are thoroughly analyzed to examine, how well the provisions of the United Nations Convection Against Corruption is implemented in the relevant legislations of the Maldives. Experts who work in the field of combating corruption in Maldives were interviewed to find the challenges they face in the current legal framework. The data gathered were analyzed, using thematic analysis method to identify the issues within the legal framework of the anti-corruption system of the Maldives. The anti-corruption legal framework established in Hongkong and Singapore were reviewed to find solutions to issues in the Maldivian legislations. Findings of this research illustrates that; the Maldives requires to enact new legislations and existing legislations require amendments to strengthen the current anti-corruption system of the Maldives. Lastly, legal reforms and effective mechanisms were recommended to strengthen the current anti-corruption system of the Maldives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corruption" title="Corruption">Corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20Nations%20Convention%20Against%20Anti-Corruption%20%28UNCAC%29" title=" United Nations Convention Against Anti-Corruption (UNCAC)"> United Nations Convention Against Anti-Corruption (UNCAC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anti-corruption%20legislations" title=" Anti-corruption legislations"> Anti-corruption legislations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anti-Corruption%20Commission%20%28ACC%29" title=" Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC)"> Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigation" title=" investigation"> investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosecution" title=" prosecution"> prosecution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maldives" title=" Maldives"> Maldives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongkong" title=" Hongkong"> Hongkong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singapore" title=" Singapore"> Singapore</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/197295/application-of-effective-legal-mechanisms-to-strengthen-the-current-anti-corruption-system-in-the-maldives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/197295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Sufism as Therapy of Terrorism and Extremism with Special Reference to the Teaching of Khawaja Ghulam Fareed and Bulleh Shah</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Munir">Arshad Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseem%20Akhtar"> Naseem Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The determination of the Sufi is to effort towards unity. His main purpose is to bring humanity, separated as it is into so many different units, closer together in the deeper understanding of life. His mission is to bring about brotherhood among races, nations and faiths and to respect one another's faith, scripture and teacher. Sufi is to confer sympathy on these lives, to impart love, compassion and kindheartedness on all creations. The Sufi message is the resonance of the same Divine message which has always come and will always come to inform humanity. It is the continuation of all the pronounced religions which have come at several times and it is amalgamation of them all, which was the wish of all the prophets. Pakistan, who came into being in the name of Islam unfortunately, have linked with terrorism. It is a disgrace that in contemporary day Pakistan, mullahism and the recent cancer of Talibanisation are gradually eating into what had kept us integral as a society. Terrorism has grown-up to develop a prime safety pressure to the area. The terrorism has deadly caused decrease in overseas and local investment, exports, physical infrastructure, and wealth stock ultimately leading to damage of the socio-economic status of Pakistan. Main reasons are ignorance about the actual teaching of Islam both by Muslim and non-Muslim, exploitation by the religious and political influential, sectarianism and extremism, lack of tolerance and broadmindedness and reaction and retortion by the sufferer. The key treatment and therapy of the abovementioned illnesses exist in the messages of Sufism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sufism" title="sufism">sufism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=love" title=" love"> love</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49849/sufism-as-therapy-of-terrorism-and-extremism-with-special-reference-to-the-teaching-of-khawaja-ghulam-fareed-and-bulleh-shah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Metabolic and Adaptive Laboratory Evolutionary Engineering (ALE) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Second Generation Biofuel Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farnaz%20Yusuf">Farnaz Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseem%20A.%20Gaur"> Naseem A. Gaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in environmental concerns, rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and intense interest in achieving energy security has led to a global research effort towards developing renewable sources of fuels. Second generation biofuels have attracted more attention recently as the use of lignocellulosic biomass can reduce fossil fuel dependence and is environment-friendly. Xylose is the main pentose and second most abundant sugar after glucose in lignocelluloses. Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not readily uptake and use pentose sugars. For an economically feasible biofuel production, both hexose and pentose sugars must be fermented to ethanol. Therefore, it is important to develop S. cerevisiae host platforms with more efficient xylose utilization. This work aims to construct a xylose fermenting yeast strains with engineered oxido-reductative pathway for xylose metabolism. Engineered strain was further improved by adaptive evolutionary engineering approach. The engineered strain is able to grow on xylose as sole carbon source with the maximum ethanol yield of 0.39g/g xylose and productivity of 0.139g/l/h at 96 hours. The further improvement in strain development involves over expression of pentose phosphate pathway and protein engineering of xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase to change their cofactor specificity in order to reduce xylitol accumulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel" title="biofuel">biofuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulosic%20biomass" title=" lignocellulosic biomass"> lignocellulosic biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saccharomyces%20cerevisiae" title=" saccharomyces cerevisiae"> saccharomyces cerevisiae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xylose" title=" xylose"> xylose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60367/metabolic-and-adaptive-laboratory-evolutionary-engineering-ale-of-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-for-second-generation-biofuel-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Work demand and Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Case Study of Pakistan Aviation Maintenance Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muzamil%20Mahmood">Muzamil Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshan%20Naseem"> Afshan Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zeeshan%20Mirza"> Muhammad Zeeshan Mirza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Ahmad"> Yasir Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masood%20Raza"> Masood Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to analyze how aviation maintenance workers’ characteristics and work demand affect their development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Guided by literature on task characteristics, work demand, and WMSDs, data is collected from 128 aviation maintenance workers of private and public airlines. Data is then analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. It is found that task characteristics have a significant positive effect on WMSDs and an increase in tasks performed by aviation maintenance workers leads to increase in WMSDs. Work demand did not have a significant effect on WMSDs. The task characteristics of aviation maintenance workers moderates the relationship between their work demand and WMSDs. This reveals that task characteristics of aviation maintenance workers enhance the effect of work demand on WMSDs. The task characteristics of aviation maintenance workers are challenging and unpredictable. Subsequently, WMSDs are prevalent among aviation maintenance workers. The work demand of aviation maintenance workers does not influence their development of WMSDs. Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority should minimize the intensity of tasks assigned to aviation maintenance workers by introducing work dynamisms such as task sharing, job rotation, and probably teleworking to enhance flexibility. Human Resource and Recruitment Department need to consider the ability and fitness levels of potential aviation maintenance workers during recruitment. In addition, regular physical activities and ergonomic policies should be put in place by the management of the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority to reduce the incidences of WMSDs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20related%20musculoskeletal%20disorders" title="work related musculoskeletal disorders">work related musculoskeletal disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20health%20and%20safety" title=" occupational health and safety"> occupational health and safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20factors" title=" human factors"> human factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147562/work-demand-and-prevalence-of-work-related-musculoskeletal-disorders-a-case-study-of-pakistan-aviation-maintenance-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> In Silico Analysis of Salivary miRNAs to Identify the Diagnostic Biomarkers for Oral Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andleeb%20Zahra">Andleeb Zahra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itrat%20Rubab"> Itrat Rubab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaira%20Malik"> Sumaira Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Khan"> Amina Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jawad%20Khan"> Muhammad Jawad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Qaiser%20Fatmi"> M. Qaiser Fatmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Recent studies have highlighted the role of miRNA in disease pathology, indicating its potential use in an early diagnostic tool. miRNAs are small, double stranded, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by deregulating mRNAs. miRNAs play important roles in modifying various cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response. Dis-regulated expression of miRNAs is known to affect the cell growth, and this may function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in various cancers. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to characterize the extracellular miRNAs involved in oral cancer (OC) to assist early detection of cancer as well as to propose a list of genes that can potentially be used as biomarkers of OC. We used gene expression data by microarrays already available in literature. Materials and Methods: In the first step, a total of 318 miRNAs involved in oral carcinoma were shortlisted followed by the prediction of their target genes. Simultaneously, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of oral carcinoma from all experiments were identified. The common genes between lists of DEGs of OC based on experimentally proven data and target genes of each miRNA were identified. These common genes are the targets of specific miRNA, which is involved in OC. Finally, a list of genes was generated which may be used as biomarker of OC. Results and Conclusion: In results, we included some of pathways in cancer to show the change in gene expression under the control of specific miRNA. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) provided a list of major biomarkers like CDH2, CDK7 and functional enrichment analysis identified the role of miRNA in major pathways like cell adhesion molecules pathway affected by cancer. We observed that at least 25 genes are regulated by maximum number of miRNAs, and thereby, they can be used as biomarkers of OC. To better understand the role of miRNA with respect to their target genes further experiments are required, and our study provides a platform to better understand the miRNA-OC relationship at genomics level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title="biomarkers">biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20expression" title=" gene expression"> gene expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miRNA" title=" miRNA"> miRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20carcinoma" title=" oral carcinoma"> oral carcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39983/in-silico-analysis-of-salivary-mirnas-to-identify-the-diagnostic-biomarkers-for-oral-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Impact of Instructional Designing in Digital Game-Based Learning for Enhancing Students' Motivation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafaq%20Rubab">Shafaq Rubab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary reason for dropping out of school is associated with students’ lack of motivation in class, especially in mathematics. Digital game-based learning is an approach that is being actively explored; there are very few learning games based on proven instructional design models or frameworks due to which the effectiveness of the learning games suffers. The purpose of this research was twofold: first, developing an appropriate instructional design model and second, evaluating the impact of the instructional design model on students’ motivation. This research contributes significantly to the existing literature in terms of student motivation and the impact of instructional design model in digital game-based learning. The sample size for this study consists of two hundred out-of-school students between the age of 6 and 12 years. The research methodology used for this research was a quasi-experimental approach and data was analyzed by using the instructional material motivational survey questionnaire which is adapted from the Keller Arcs model. Control and experimental groups consisting of two hundred students were analyzed by utilizing instructional material motivational survey (IMMS), and comparison of result from both groups showed the difference in the level of motivation of the students. The result of the research showed that the motivational level of student in the experimental group who were taught by the game was higher than the student in control group (taught by conventional methodology). The mean score of the experimental group against all subscales (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) of IMMS survey was higher; however, no statistical significance was found between the motivational scores of control and experimental group. The positive impact of game-based learning on students’ level of motivation, as measured in this study, strengthens the case for the use of pedagogically sound instructional design models in the design of interactive learning applications. In addition, the present study suggests learning from interactive, immersive applications as an alternative solution for children, especially in Third World countries, who, for various reasons, do not attend school. The mean score of experimental group against all subscales of IMMS survey was higher; however, no statistical significance was found between motivational scores of control and experimental group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20game-based%20learning" title="digital game-based learning">digital game-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20motivation" title=" students’ motivation"> students’ motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20instructional%20designing" title=" and instructional designing"> and instructional designing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructional%20material%20motivational%20survey" title=" instructional material motivational survey"> instructional material motivational survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75751/impact-of-instructional-designing-in-digital-game-based-learning-for-enhancing-students-motivation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Naseem&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Naseem&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div 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