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</a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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title="wikt:sensation">sensation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">feeling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imagination" title="Imagination">imagination</a>), through <a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">beauty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Thiessen_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiessen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This field of study is broad and includes not only a theology of beauty, but also the dialogue between <b>theology and the arts</b>, such as <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a>. </p><p>Notable theologians and philosophers that have dealt with this subject include <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Bentley_Hart" title="David Bentley Hart">David Bentley Hart</a> among others. </p><p>Theological aesthetics has recently seen rapid growth as a subject for discussions, publications, and advanced academic studies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aesthetics_in_Christian_theology">Aesthetics in Christian theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Aesthetics in Christian theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_early_church">The early church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The early church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Theological writings during the period of the early Christian church which deal with aesthetics span from circa 160 to c. 650 and include writings by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Dionysius">Pseudo-Dionysius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a>, among others. Prevalent themes during this period included "the <a href="/wiki/Divinization_(Christian)" title="Divinization (Christian)">vision of God</a> or of God's glory, the image of God in Christ and in us, and the concern with idol worship".<sup id="cite_ref-Thiessen9_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiessen9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_medieval_church">The medieval church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The medieval church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Western theologians such as <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">John Scotus Eriugena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Nicholas of Cusa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a> touched upon themes such as "the idea of beauty, the vision of God, the image of Christ, the <a href="/wiki/Iconodule" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconodule">iconodule</a>-<a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclast</a> conflict, and the strong presence of personally grounded and poetic <a href="/wiki/Doxology" title="Doxology">doxologies</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Thiessen59_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiessen59-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Reformation">The Reformation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Reformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concerning aesthetics, the theologians of the 16th century <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Calvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Calvin">Jean Calvin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a>) dealt primarily with "the theology of the image, in particular, <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclasm</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Thiessen125_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiessen125-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_17th–19th_centuries"><span id="The_17th.E2.80.9319th_centuries"></span>The 17th–19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The 17th–19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Theological aesthetics increased in diversity during this period, with activity such as "the composition of <a href="/wiki/Hymns" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymns">hymns</a> in <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> circles, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Edwards</a>' writing on beauty, the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> artists and intellectuals with their <a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">panentheist</a> sensibilities, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Schleiermacher</a>'s idea of religion as feeling and intuition, the decline of religious art, and the ground-breaking philosophical contributions of thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gottlieb_Baumgarten" title="Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten">Baumgarten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Thiessen159_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiessen159-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_20th_century">The 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some major themes which emerged and developed in the 20th century included the question of "how art can function as a source of and in theology"<sup id="cite_ref-Thiessen204_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiessen204-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Tillich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Rahner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dillenberger" title="John Dillenberger">Dillenberger</a>), the question of "the art work as a shaper of meaning in today's culture"<sup id="cite_ref-Thiessen205_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiessen205-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Burch_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Burch Brown (page does not exist)">Burch Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Cox" title="Harvey Cox">Cox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%BCng" title="Hans Küng">Küng</a>), "the essential role of imagination in theology"<sup id="cite_ref-Thiessen206_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiessen206-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lynch_(theologian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lynch (theologian) (page does not exist)">Lynch</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McIntyre_(theologian)" title="John McIntyre (theologian)">McIntyre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrett_Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garrett Green (page does not exist)">Green</a>), and the beauty of God (<a href="/wiki/Gerardus_van_der_Leeuw" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerardus van der Leeuw">van der Leeuw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Barth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">von Balthasar</a>). <a href="/wiki/Hans_Rookmaaker" title="Hans Rookmaaker">Rookmaaker</a> helpfully sought to provide a reformed Christian critique of art and aesthetics in the cultural and political upheavals of the 1960s in his book 'Modern Art and the Death of a Culture'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Present_day">Present day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_programs">Academic programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Academic programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Graduate_studies">Graduate studies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Graduate studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andover_Newton_Theological_School" title="Andover Newton Theological School">Andover Newton Theological School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ants.edu/academics/theoarts/ma/index.htm">[1]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Newton_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton Centre">Newton Centre</a>, MA <ul><li>Master of Arts in Theology and the Arts</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Theological_Seminary" title="Dallas Theological Seminary">Dallas Theological Seminary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.dts.edu/">[2]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Dallas,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas, TX">Dallas, TX</a> <ul><li>Master of Arts in Media and Communication</li> <li>Master of Theology with ministry track in Media and Communication</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_School_of_Philosophy_and_Theology" title="Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology">Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.dspt.edu">[3]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley, CA">Berkeley, CA</a> <ul><li>Master of Arts in Art and Religion</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Divinity_School" title="Duke Divinity School">Duke Divinity School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.divinity.duke.edu/programs/dita/">[4]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a>, USA <ul><li>Master of Divinity - Theology and the Arts course</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller Theological Seminary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fuller.edu/">[5]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>, USA <ul><li>Master of Arts in Theology - Theology and the Arts Format</li> <li>Master of Arts in Worship, Theology, and the Arts</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Theological_Union" title="Graduate Theological Union">Graduate Theological Union</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gtu.edu">[6]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley, CA">Berkeley, CA</a> <ul><li>Master of Arts in Art and Religion</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_University_College" title="Huron University College">Huron University College</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.huronuc.ca">[7]</a> - <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London, Ontario</a>, Canada <ul><li>Master of Arts in Theology</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught-courses/christianity-and-the-arts-ma.aspx">[8]</a> - <a href="/wiki/London,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="London, England">London, England</a>, United Kingdom <ul><li>Master of Arts in Christianity and the Arts (Theology)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_College" title="Regent College">Regent College</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.regent-college.edu/">[9]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, British Columbia, Canada <ul><li>Master of Christian Studies (with an option for an arts thesis)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Theological_Seminary" title="Southern Baptist Theological Seminary">Southern Baptist Theological Seminary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sbts.edu/">[10]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, USA <ul><li>Master of Arts in Theology and Arts <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sbts.edu/theology/">[11]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Theological_Seminary_in_the_City_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York">Union Theological Seminary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uts.columbia.edu/index.php?id=215">[12]</a> - <a href="/wiki/New_York,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, NY">New York, NY</a> <ul><li>Master of Arts in Theology and the Arts</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Theological_Seminary_of_the_Twin_Cities" title="United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities">United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.unitedseminary-mn.org/programs/maarts.asp">[13]</a> - <a href="/wiki/New_Brighton,_MN" class="mw-redirect" title="New Brighton, MN">New Brighton, MN</a> <ul><li>Master of Arts in Theology and the Arts</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Theological_Seminary" title="Wesley Theological Seminary">Wesley Theological Seminary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.wesleyseminary.edu/lcar.aspx">[14]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a> <ul><li>Master of Divinity, Master of Theological Studies, and Master of Arts with Certificate in Theology and the Arts</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_Divinity_School" title="Yale Divinity School">Yale Divinity School</a> - <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_CT" class="mw-redirect" title="New Haven, CT">New Haven, CT</a> <ul><li>Master of Arts in Religion concentrated in Religion and the Arts</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_Institute_of_Sacred_Music" title="Yale Institute of Sacred Music">Yale Institute of Sacred Music</a> - <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_CT" class="mw-redirect" title="New Haven, CT">New Haven, CT</a> <ul><li>Master of Arts in Religion concentrated in Religion and the Arts</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postgraduate_studies">Postgraduate studies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Postgraduate studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Divinity_School" title="Duke Divinity School">Duke Divinity School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.divinity.duke.edu/programs/dita/">[15]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a>, USA <ul><li>ThD Concentration in the Arts</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller Theological Seminary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fuller.edu/academics/school-of-theology/cats/concentrations.aspx">[16]</a> -<a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>, USA <ul><li>PhD in Theology and Culture</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Theological_Union" title="Graduate Theological Union">Graduate Theological Union</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gtu.edu">[17]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley, CA">Berkeley, CA</a>, USA <ul><li>PhD in Art and Religion</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Theological_Seminary" title="Southern Baptist Theological Seminary">Southern Baptist Theological Seminary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sbts.edu/">[18]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_KY" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville, KY">Louisville, KY</a>, USA <ul><li>PhD in Christianity and the Arts <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sbts.edu/theology/degree-programs/phd/">[19]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Andrews" class="mw-redirect" title="University of St. Andrews">University of St. Andrews</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/itia/">[20]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Theology,_Imagination_%26_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Theology, Imagination & the Arts">The Institute of Theology, Imagination, and the Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Andrews" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrews">St. Andrews</a>, Scotland <ul><li>PhD research program</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Divinity_School" title="University of Chicago Divinity School">University of Chicago Divinity School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://divinity.uchicago.edu/religion-and-literature">[21]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>, USA <ul><li>PhD in Religion and Literature</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Theological_Seminary" title="Wesley Theological Seminary">Wesley Theological Seminary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.wesleyseminary.edu/lcar.aspx">[22]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, USA <ul><li>DMin in Religion and the Arts</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural depictions of Jesus">Cultural depictions of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Christian worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">Iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians_in_the_Visual_Arts" title="Christians in the Visual Arts">Christians in the Visual Arts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Thiessen-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thiessen_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGesa_Elsbeth_Thiessen2004" class="citation book cs1">Gesa Elsbeth Thiessen (2004). <i>Theological Aesthetics: A Reader</i>. Eerdmans. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2888-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2888-4"><bdi>0-8028-2888-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theological+Aesthetics%3A+A+Reader&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8028-2888-4&rft.au=Gesa+Elsbeth+Thiessen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheological+aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiessen9-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thiessen9_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thiessen, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiessen59-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thiessen59_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thiessen, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiessen125-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thiessen125_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thiessen, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiessen159-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thiessen159_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thiessen, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiessen204-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thiessen204_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thiessen, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiessen205-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thiessen205_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thiessen, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiessen206-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thiessen206_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thiessen, p. 206.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Begbie" title="Jeremy Begbie">Begbie, Jeremy</a>. <i>Beholding the Glory: Incarnation through the Arts</i>. London: Darton, Longman, and Todd, 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Begbie" title="Jeremy Begbie">Begbie, Jeremy</a>. <i>Sounding the Depths: Theology through the Arts</i>. London: SCM Press, 2002.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Begbie" title="Jeremy Begbie">Begbie, Jeremy</a>. <i>Theology, Music, and Time</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Begbie" title="Jeremy Begbie">Begbie, Jeremy</a>. <i>Voicing Creation’s Praise: Towards a Theology of the Arts</i>. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1991.</li> <li>de Borchgrave, Helen. <i>A Journey Into Christian Art.</i> Oxford: Lion Publishing, 1999.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(theologian)" title="David Brown (theologian)">Brown, David</a>. <i>Divine Generosity and Human Creativity: Theology through Symbol, Painting and Architecture</i>. Edited by Christopher R. Brewer and Robert MacSwain. London and New York: Routledge, 2017.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(theologian)" title="David Brown (theologian)">Brown, David</a>. <i>God and Mystery in Words: Experience through Metaphor and Drama</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(theologian)" title="David Brown (theologian)">Brown, David</a>. <i>God and Grace of Body: Sacrament in Ordinary</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(theologian)" title="David Brown (theologian)">Brown, David</a>. <i>God and Enchantment of Place: Reclaiming Human Experience</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.</li> <li>Burch Brown, Frank. <i>Good Taste, Bad Taste, and Christian Taste: Aesthetics in Religious Life</i>. London, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.</li> <li>Burch Brown, Frank. <i>Religious Aesthetics: A Theological Study of Making and Meaning</i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.</li> <li>Bustard, Ned. <i>It Was Good: Making Art to the Glory of God</i>. Baltimore, MD: Square Halo Books, 2000.</li> <li>Cawkwell, Tim. <i>The New Filmgoer's Guide to God</i>. Leicester: Troubador Press 2014</li> <li>Corby Finney, Paul, ed.. <i>Seeing Beyond the Word: Visual Arts and the Calvinistic Tradition</i>. Eerdmans, 1999.</li> <li>Dagget Dillenberger, Jane. <i>Style and Content in Christian Art</i>. New York, Crossroad: 1965 (1986).</li> <li>Deacy, Christopher. <i>Screen Christologies: Redemption and the Medium of Film</i>. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dillenberger" title="John Dillenberger">Dillenberger, John</a> <i>A Theology of Artistic Sensibilities: The Visual Arts and the Church</i>. London: SCM Press, 1987.</li> <li>Drury, John. <i>Painting the Word: Christian Pictures and Their Meanings</i>. Yale: Yale University Press, 1998.</li> <li>Duquette, Natasha, Ed. <i>Sublimer Aspects: Interfaces between Literature, Aesthetics, and Theology</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dyrness" title="William Dyrness">Dyrness, William</a>. <i>Christian Art in Asia</i>. Amsterdam:Rodopi, 1979.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dyrness" title="William Dyrness">Dyrness, William</a>. <i>Reformed Theology and Visual Culture: The Protestant Imagination from Calvin to Edwards</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dyrness" title="William Dyrness">Dyrness, William</a>. <i>Roualt: A Vision of Suffering and Salvation</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1971.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dyrness" title="William Dyrness">Dyrness, William</a>. <i>Senses of the Soul: Art and the Visual in Christian Worship</i>. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dyrness" title="William Dyrness">Dyrness, William</a>. <i>Visual Faith: Art, Theology, and Worship in Dialogue</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dyrness" title="William Dyrness">Dyrness, William</a>. <i>Poetic Theology: God and the Poetics of Everyday Life</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2011.</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Evdokimov" class="extiw" title="fr:Paul Evdokimov">Evdokimov, Paul E.</a> <i>The Art of the Icon: A Theology of Beauty</i>. Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire & Redondo Beach, California: Anthony Clarke Publishers & Oakwood Publications, 1990, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9618545-4-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9618545-4-5">0-9618545-4-5</a>. (French original: <i>L'Art de l'Icône: Théologie de la Beauté</i>. Paris, Desclée De Brouwer, 1972.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S._Fiddes" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul S. Fiddes">Fiddes, Paul</a>. <i>Freedom and limit: a dialogue between literature and Christian doctrine</i> (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991; Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S._Fiddes" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul S. Fiddes">Fiddes, Paul</a>. <i>The Novel, Spirituality, and Modern Culture</i>. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S._Fiddes" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul S. Fiddes">Fiddes, Paul</a>. <i>The Promised End: Eschatology in Theology and Literature</i>. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.</li> <li>Forde, Nigel. <i>The Lantern and the Looking-Glass: Literature and Christian Belief</i>. SPCK, 1997.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._Gaebelein" title="Frank E. Gaebelein">Gaebelein, Frank E.</a> <i>The Christian, the Arts, and Truth: Regaining a Vision of Greatness</i>. Ed. Bruce Lockerbie. A Critical Concern Book. Portland, OR: Multnomah, 1985.</li> <li>Garcia-Rivera, Alejandro. <i>The Community of the Beautiful: A Theological Aesthetics</i>. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press, 1999.</li> <li>Garcia-Rivera, Alejandro. <i>A Wounded Innocence: Sketches for a Theology of Art</i>. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press, 2003.</li> <li>Garcia-Rivera, Alejandro and Thomas Scirghi. <i>Living Beauty: The Art of Liturgy</i>. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gorringe" title="Timothy Gorringe">Gorringe, Timothy</a>. <i>The Education of Desire: Towards a Theology of the Senses</i>. London: SCM, 2001.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gorringe" title="Timothy Gorringe">Gorringe, Timothy</a>. <i>Furthering Humanity: A Theology of Culture</i>. London: Ashgate, 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harries" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Harries">Harries, Richard</a>. <i>Art and the Beauty of God: A Christian Understanding</i>. London: Mowbray, 1993.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harries" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Harries">Harries, Richard</a>. <i>The Passion in Art</i>. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.</li> <li>Hurley, Neil P. <i>Theology Through Film</i>. New York: Harper & Row, 1970.</li> <li>Jensen, Robin M. <i>The Substance of Things Seen: Art Faith and the Christian Community.</i> Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2004.</li> <li>Jewett, Robert. <i>Saint Paul at the Movies: The Apostle’s Dialogue with American Culture</i>. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1993.</li> <li>Jewett, Robert. <i>Saint Paul Returns to the Movies: Triumph over Shame</i>. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.</li> <li>Koehrsen, Jens. <i>Religious Tastes and Styles as Markers of Class Belonging</i>, in: Sociology 53(6), 2018, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0038038517722288">10.1177/0038038517722288</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky, Wassily</a>. <i>Concerning the Spiritual in Art.</i> New York: Dover Publications, 1977.</li> <li>Kreitzer, Larry J. <i>The New Testament in Fiction and Film: On Reversing the Hermeneutical Flow</i>. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1993.</li> <li>Kreitzer, Larry J. <i>The Old Testament in Fiction and Film: On Reversing the Hermeneutical Flow</i>. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1994.</li> <li>Marsh, Clive, and Gae Ortiz, eds. <i>Explorations in Theology and Film: Movies and Meaning</i>. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.</li> <li>May, John R. <i>Nourishing Faith through Fiction: Reflections on the Apostles’ Creed in Literature and Film</i>. Franklin, Wisconsin: Sheed and Ward, 2001.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murphy,_Michael_P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murphy, Michael P (page does not exist)">Murphy, Michael P</a>. <i>A Theology of Criticism: Balthasar, Postmodernism, and the Catholic Imagination</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Richard_Niebuhr" title="H. Richard Niebuhr">Niebuhr, H. Richard</a>. <i>Christ and Culture</i>. New York: Harper & Row, 1951.</li> <li>Power Erikson, Kathleen. <i>At Eternity’s Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent van Gogh</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Rookmaaker" title="Hans Rookmaaker">Rookmaaker, Hans R</a>. <i>Art Needs No Justification</i>. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1978.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Rookmaaker" title="Hans Rookmaaker">Rookmaaker, Hans R</a>. <i>The Creative Gift</i>. Leicester: InterVarsity, 1981.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Rookmaaker" title="Hans Rookmaaker">Rookmaaker, Hans R</a>. <i>Modern Art and the Death of A Culture</i>. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1970.</li> <li>Ryken, Leland. <i>The Christian Imagination: Essays on Literature and the Arts</i>. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981.</li> <li>Ryken, Leland. <i>The Liberated Imagination: Thinking Christianly about the Arts</i>. The Wheaton Literary Series. Wheaton, IL: Harold Shaw, 1989.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Sayers" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothy Sayers">Sayers, Dorothy L</a>. <i>The Mind of the Maker</i>. Cleveland: World, 1956.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer, Francis A.</a> <i>Art and the Bible</i>. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1973.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Schaeffer" title="Frank Schaeffer">Schaeffer, Franky</a>. <i>Addicted to Mediocrity: 20th Century Christians and the Arts</i>. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 1985.</li> <li>Seerveld, Calvin. <i>Bearing Fresh Olive Leaves: Alternative Steps in Understanding Art</i>. Carlisle, UK: Piquant Press, 2000.</li> <li>Seerveld, Calvin. <i>Rainbows for the Fallen World: Aesthetic Life and Artistic Task</i>. Toronto, ON: Toronto Tuppence Press, 1980.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Soldini" title="Jean Soldini">Soldini, Jean</a>. <i>Saggio sulla discesa della bellezza. Linee per un'estetica</i>. Milan: Jaca Book, 1995.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Tillich, Paul</a>. <i>On Art and Architecture</i>. Ed. <a href="/wiki/John_Dillenberger" title="John Dillenberger">John Dillenberger</a> and Jane Dillenberger. New York: Crossroad, 1987.</li> <li>Treier, Daniel J., Mark Husbands, and Roger Lundin. <i>The Beauty of God: Theology and the Arts</i>. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007.</li> <li>Veith, Gene Edward. <i>State of the Arts: From Bezalel to Mapplethorpe</i>. Turning Point Christian Worldview Series. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 1991.</li> <li>Viladesau, Richard. <i>Theological Aesthetics: God in Imagination, Beauty, and Art</i>. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.</li> <li>Viladesau, Richard. <i>Theology and the Arts: Encountering God through Music, Art, and Rhetoric</i>. New York, Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Von Balthasar, Hans Urs</a>. <i>The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, vol. 1, Seeing the Form</i>. Trans. Erasmo Leiva-Merikakis. Ed. Joseph Fessio, SJ and John Riches. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1982.</li> <li>Wolfe, Gregory. <i>Intruding Upon the Timeless: Meditations on Art, Faith, and Mystery</i>. Baltimore: Square Halo Books, 2003.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wolterstorff" title="Nicholas Wolterstorff">Wolterstorff, Nicholas</a>. <i>Art in Action: Toward a Christian Aesthetic</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1980.</li> <li>Wood, Robert E. <i>Placing aesthetics: Reflections on the philosophical tradition</i>. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8214-1280-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8214-1280-9">0-8214-1280-9</a>. (Subject Index entries "God" and "Religion".)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theological_aesthetics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brehmcenter.com/">Brehm Center for Worship, Theology, and the Arts</a> - at <a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://care-gtu.org/">Center for the Arts, Religion, and Education</a> - at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gtu.edu/">Graduate Theological Union</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studycenter.net/">Center for Christian Study of Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianstudycenter.org/">Christian Study Center of Gainesville</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.damah.com/">Damah Film Festival</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dspt.edu/aesthetics">Dominican School of Philosophy & Theology, Berkeley, CA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usask.ca/relst/jrpc/index.html">Journal of Religion and Popular Culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marshillaudio.org/">Mars Hill Audio</a> - <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>-like audio journal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.societyarts.org/">Society for the Arts in Religious and Theological Studies</a> - a professional academic society</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theolarts.org/">Theology Through the Arts project</a> - Directed by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Begbie" title="Jeremy Begbie">Jeremy Begbie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~itia/reading/arts.html">Theology and the Arts reading list</a> - By Jeremy Begbie</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transformingculture.org/">Transforming Culture: A Vision for the Church and the Arts</a> - A symposium for pastors, church leaders, and artists (April 1–3. 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061125202816/http://veritasse.co.uk/index.php">Veritasse Arts Society, Oxford</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131084350/http://www.antiochian.org/1103744287">Holy Icons: Theology in Color</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="African aesthetic">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_aesthetics" title="Indian aesthetics">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_aesthetic" title="Internet aesthetic">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics" title="Japanese aesthetics">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_art" title="Mathematics and art">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_aesthetics" title="Medieval aesthetics">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_music" title="Aesthetics of music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_nature" title="Aesthetics of nature">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_science" title="Aesthetics of science">Science</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism#Aesthetics" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_aesthetics" title="Feminist aesthetics">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">Formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_aesthetics" title="Marxist aesthetics">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic_theory" title="Psychoanalytic theory">Psychoanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_Realism" title="Aesthetic Realism">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_visual_arts" title="Theosophy and visual arts">Theosophy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Alberti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bal%C3%A1zs" title="Béla Balázs">Balázs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gottlieb_Baumgarten" title="Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten">Baumgarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Bell" title="Clive Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._Collingwood" title="R. G. Collingwood">Collingwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Coomaraswamy" title="Ananda Coomaraswamy">Coomaraswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Danto" title="Arthur Danto">Danto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fry" title="Roger Fry">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Goodman" title="Nelson Goodman">Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Greenberg" title="Clement Greenberg">Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Hanslick" title="Eduard Hanslick">Hanslick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher)" title="Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)">Hutcheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Langer" title="Susanne Langer">Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Lipps" title="Theodor Lipps">Lipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xie" title="Liu Xie">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Lyotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega y Gasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pater" title="Walter Pater">Pater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Rancière">Rancière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._A._Richards" title="I. A. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%27ichir%C5%8D_Tanizaki" title="Jun'ichirō Tanizaki">Tanizaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Vasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Winckelmann</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_aestheticians" title="List of aestheticians">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art%27s_sake" title="Art for art's sake">Art for art's sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_merit" title="Artistic merit">Artistic merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">Beauty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminine_beauty_ideal" title="Feminine beauty ideal">Feminine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculine_beauty_ideal" title="Masculine beauty ideal">Masculine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_(style)" title="Camp (style)">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuteness" title="Cuteness">Cuteness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depiction" title="Depiction">Depiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disgust" title="Disgust">Disgust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_(philosophy)" title="Ecstasy (philosophy)">Ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegance" title="Elegance">Elegance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_emotions" title="Aesthetic emotions">Emotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroticism" title="Eroticism">Eroticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fun" title="Fun">Fun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaze" title="Gaze">Gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humour" title="Humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_interpretation" title="Aesthetic interpretation">Interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment">Judgment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_imitating_art" title="Life imitating art">Life imitating art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificence_(history_of_ideas)" title="Magnificence (history of ideas)">Magnificence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimesis" title="Mimesis">Mimesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_(philosophy)" title="Quality (philosophy)">Quality</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverence_(emotion)" title="Reverence (emotion)">Reverence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublime_(philosophy)" title="Sublime (philosophy)">Sublime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taste (sociology)">Taste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">Work of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hippias_Major" title="Hippias Major">Hippias Major</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 390 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle)" title="Poetics (Aristotle)">Poetics</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 335 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Literary_Mind_and_the_Carving_of_Dragons" title="The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons">The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 100)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sublime" title="On the Sublime">On the Sublime</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 500)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Philosophical_Enquiry_into_the_Origin_of_Our_Ideas_of_the_Sublime_and_Beautiful" title="A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful">A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1757)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lectures_on_Aesthetics" title="Lectures on Aesthetics">Lectures on Aesthetics</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Critic_as_Artist" title="The Critic as Artist">The Critic as Artist</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1891)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Praise_of_Shadows" title="In Praise of Shadows">In Praise of Shadows</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1933)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_as_Experience" title="Art as Experience">Art as Experience</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1934)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Mechanical_Reproduction" title="The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction">The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Avant-Garde_and_Kitsch" title="Avant-Garde and Kitsch">Avant-Garde and Kitsch</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1939)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Critical_Essays_(Orwell)" title="Critical Essays (Orwell)">Critical Essays</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Aesthetic_Dimension" title="The Aesthetic Dimension">The Aesthetic Dimension</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Beauty_Matters" title="Why Beauty Matters">Why Beauty Matters</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_aesthetics" title="Applied aesthetics">Applied aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_criticism" title="Arts criticism">Arts criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiology">Axiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_aesthetics" title="Evolutionary aesthetics">Evolutionary aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_beauty" title="Mathematical beauty">Mathematical beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroesthetics" title="Neuroesthetics">Neuroesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterns_in_nature" title="Patterns in nature">Patterns in nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_design" title="Philosophy of design">Philosophy of design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_film" title="Philosophy of film">Philosophy of film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_music" title="Philosophy of music">Philosophy of music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_art" title="Psychology of art">Psychology of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_art" title="Theory of art">Theory of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_aesthetics_articles" title="Index of aesthetics articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_aesthetics" title="Outline of aesthetics">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aesthetics" title="Category:Aesthetics">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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