Epilepsy | MedlinePlus

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itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a> → <meta itemprop="position" content="1"/> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthtopics.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Health Topics</span></a> → <meta itemprop="position" content="2"/> </div> <div> <span>Epilepsy</span> </div> </div> </div> <span class="page-url print-only">URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html</span> <div id="topic"> <article> <div class="page-info"> <div class="page-title syndicate"> <a id="start" name="start"></a> <h1 itemprop="name"> Epilepsy </h1> </div> <div class="page-actions"></div> </div> <div class="main"> <section id="toc-section"> <div id="table-of-contents"> <span class="toc-label">On this page</span> <div class="toccolumn"> <h3>Basics</h3> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a title="Go to: Summary" href="#summary">Summary</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Start Here" href="#cat_51">Start Here</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Diagnosis and Tests" href="#cat_92">Diagnosis and Tests</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Treatments and Therapies" href="#cat_78">Treatments and Therapies</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="toccolumn"> <h3>Learn More</h3> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a title="Go to: Living With" href="#cat_77">Living With</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Related Issues" href="#cat_47">Related Issues</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Specifics" href="#cat_42">Specifics</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Genetics" href="#cat_46">Genetics</a> </li> </ul> </div> <p class="evencols clearsection hrdividor"></p> <div class="toccolumn"> <h3>See, Play and Learn</h3> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a title="Go to: Images" href="#cat_80">Images</a> </li> </ul> </div> <p class="threecols clearsection hrdividor"></p> <div class="toccolumn"> <h3>Research</h3> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a title="Go to: Statistics and Research" href="#cat_79">Statistics and Research</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Clinical Trials" href="#cat_27">Clinical Trials</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Journal Articles" href="#cat_59">Journal Articles</a> </li> </ul> </div> <p class="evencols clearsection hrdividor"></p> <div class="toccolumn"> <h3>Resources</h3> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a title="Go to: Find an Expert" href="#cat_83">Find an Expert</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="toccolumn"> <h3>For You</h3> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a title="Go to: Children" href="#cat_8">Children</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Teenagers" href="#cat_24">Teenagers</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Women" href="#cat_7">Women</a> </li> <li> <a title="Go to: Patient Handouts" href="#cat_69">Patient Handouts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="summary"></a> <section id="topsum_section"> <div class="summary-title syndicate"> <h2>Summary</h2> </div> <div id="topic-summary" class="syndicate"><p>Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a>. The seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals. People may have strange sensations and emotions or behave strangely. They may have violent muscle spasms or lose consciousness.</p> <p>Epilepsy has many possible causes, including illness, brain injury, and abnormal brain development. In many cases, the cause is unknown.</p> <p>Doctors use brain scans and other tests to diagnose epilepsy. It is important to start treatment right away. There is no cure for epilepsy, but medicines can control seizures for most people. When medicines are not working well, surgery or implanted devices such as vagus nerve stimulators may help. Special diets can help some children with epilepsy.</p> <p class="attribution">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p></div> </section> <a name="cat_51"></a> <section id="cat_51_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header expanded"> <div class="section-title syndicate"> <h2>Start Here </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section51" class="section-body expanded syndicate" aria-expanded="true"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://www.epilepsy.va.gov/Information/about.asp" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="106326" >About Epilepsy</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Department of Veterans Affairs)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/epilepsy-and-seizures" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="7887" data-org="NINDS">Epilepsy and Seizures</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)</span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_92"></a> <section id="cat_92_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Diagnosis and Tests </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section92" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/eeg/about/pac-20393875?p=1" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="98487" >EEG (Electroencephalogram)</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="10995" >Functional MRI (fMRI)</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a target="TheNewWin2" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" data-sid="58549">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="10991" >Head CT</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="20" height="16" alt="Video" title="Video" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/videocamera.gif" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (American College of Radiology; Radiological Society of North America)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a target="TheNewWin2" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" data-sid="58072">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" data-sid="132516" data-org="NLM">Pharmacogenetic Tests</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" data-sid="132527">Spanish</a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_78"></a> <section id="cat_78_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Treatments and Therapies </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section78" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/epilepsy-surgery.html" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="162104" >Epilepsy Surgery</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Nemours Foundation)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/epilepsy-surgery/about/pac-20393981?p=1" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="47941" >Epilepsy Surgery</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a target="TheNewWin2" href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/epilepsy-surgery/about/pac-20393981?p=1" data-sid="134368">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="115243" >First Aid for Seizures</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/Home/GetGuidelineContent/619" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="106325" >Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treating Epilepsy</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (American Academy of Neurology)</span> - <span class="desccode">PDF</span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_77"></a> <section id="cat_77_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Living With </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section77" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/living-with/" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="125743" >Managing Epilepsy</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)</span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_47"></a> <section id="cat_47_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Related Issues </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section47" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://askjan.org/disabilities/Epilepsy-Seizure-Disorder.cfm" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="91959" >Employees with Epilepsy/Seizure Disorder</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Office of Disability Employment Policy)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/sudep/" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="109486" >Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)</span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_42"></a> <section id="cat_42_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Specifics </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section42" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dravet-syndrome" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="63448" data-org="NINDS">Dravet Syndrome</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lennox-gastaut-syndrome" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="17461" data-org="NINDS">Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)</span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_46"></a> <section id="cat_46_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Genetics </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section46" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy" data-sid="124295" data-org="NLM">Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-epilepsy-with-auditory-features" data-sid="143666" data-org="NLM">Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/benign-familial-neonatal-seizures" data-sid="124319" data-org="NLM">Benign familial neonatal seizures: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cdkl5-deficiency-disorder" data-sid="130011" data-org="NLM">CDKL5 deficiency disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chd2-myoclonic-encephalopathy" data-sid="125998" data-org="NLM">CHD2 myoclonic encephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/childhood-absence-epilepsy" data-sid="132436" data-org="NLM">Childhood absence epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln8-disease" data-sid="126267" data-org="NLM">CLN8 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/developmental-and-epileptic-encephalopathy-1/" data-sid="130012" data-org="NLM">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 1: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/epilepsy-aphasia-spectrum" data-sid="125663" data-org="NLM">Epilepsy-aphasia spectrum: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/genetic-epilepsy-with-febrile-seizures-plus" data-sid="128462" data-org="NLM">Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gm3-synthase-deficiency" data-sid="124632" data-org="NLM">GM3 synthase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/juvenile-myoclonic-epilepsy" data-sid="124748" data-org="NLM">Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lafora-progressive-myoclonus-epilepsy" data-sid="124774" data-org="NLM">Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lennox-gastaut-syndrome" data-sid="124791" data-org="NLM">Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/malignant-migrating-partial-seizures-of-infancy" data-sid="124819" data-org="NLM">Malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonic-epilepsy-with-ragged-red-fibers" data-sid="124904" data-org="NLM">Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prickle1-related-progressive-myoclonus-epilepsy-with-ataxia" data-sid="125017" data-org="NLM">PRICKLE1-related progressive myoclonus epilepsy with ataxia: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pyridoxine-dependent-epilepsy" data-sid="125052" data-org="NLM">Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ring-chromosome-14-syndrome" data-sid="125077" data-org="NLM">Ring chromosome 14 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ring-chromosome-20-syndrome" data-sid="125078" data-org="NLM">Ring chromosome 20 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy-with-progressive-myoclonic-epilepsy" data-sid="125136" data-org="NLM">Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/stxbp1-encephalopathy/" data-sid="128725" data-org="NLM">STXBP1 encephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/progressive-myoclonic-epilepsy-type-1" data-sid="125206" data-org="NLM">Unverricht-Lundborg disease: MedlinePlus Genetics</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Library of Medicine)</span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_80"></a> <section id="cat_80_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Images </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section80" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm" data-sid="97968" >Craniotomy - series</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Medical Encyclopedia)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm" data-sid="98055">Spanish</a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_79"></a> <section id="cat_79_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Statistics and Research </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section79" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/current-research/focus-disorders/epilepsy-research/curing-epilepsies-promise-research" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="65597" data-org="NINDS">Curing the Epilepsies: The Promise of Research</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/data-research/facts-stats/" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="157531" >Epilepsy Facts and Stats</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)</span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_27"></a> <section id="cat_27_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Clinical Trials </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section27" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Epilepsy%22&aggFilters=status:not%20rec" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="27034" data-org="NIH">ClinicalTrials.gov: Epilepsy</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Institutes of Health)</span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_59"></a> <section id="cat_59_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Journal Articles <span class="subheading">References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)</span> </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section59" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39288652" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="6822" >Article: Clinical correlates of perceived stigma among people living with epilepsy enrolled...</a> <span class="desc-text"> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39167060" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="6822" >Article: Enhancing quality of life in epilepsy with a digital intervention (emyna):...</a> <span class="desc-text"> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38689518" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="6822" >Article: A multicenter randomized controlled feasibility trial of a digital self-management intervention...</a> <span class="desc-text"> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Epilepsy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="6822" >Epilepsy -- see more articles</a> <span class="desc-text"> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_83"></a> <section id="cat_83_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Find an Expert </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section83" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://my.aesnet.org/FindaDoctor" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="95982" >Find a Doctor</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (American Epilepsy Society)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="401" data-org="NINDS">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a target="TheNewWin2" href="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" data-sid="67246">Spanish</a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_8"></a> <section id="cat_8_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Children </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section8" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/epilepsy.html" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="7903" >Epilepsy</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Nemours Foundation)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a target="TheNewWin2" href="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/epilepsy.html" data-sid="104984">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/infantile-spasms" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="8063" data-org="NINDS">Infantile Spasms</a> <span class="desc-text"> <img width="25" height="16" alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc"> <span class="orgs"> (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)</span> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vagus-nerve-stimulator.html" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="152588" >Vagus Nerve Stimulator Therapy for Epilepsy (For Parents)</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Nemours Foundation)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a target="TheNewWin2" href="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vagus-nerve-stimulator.html" data-sid="156987">Spanish</a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_24"></a> <section id="cat_24_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Teenagers </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section24" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/epilepsy.html" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="23609" >Epilepsy</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Nemours Foundation)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a target="TheNewWin2" href="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/epilepsy.html" data-sid="104970">Spanish</a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_7"></a> <section id="cat_7_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Women </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section7" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://familydoctor.org/epilepsy-and-pregnancy/?adfree=true" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="4532" >Epilepsy and Pregnancy</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (American Academy of Family Physicians)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a target="TheNewWin2" href="https://es.familydoctor.org/epilepsia-epilepsia-y-embarazo/?adfree=true" data-sid="47999">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20048417?p=1" target="TheNewWin" data-sid="54180" >Epilepsy and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a target="TheNewWin2" href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20048417?p=1" data-sid="144306">Spanish</a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <a name="cat_69"></a> <section id="cat_69_section"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title"> <h2>Patient Handouts </h2> </div> <div class="section-button"> <button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section" aria-pressed="true" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon-section-action"></span> </button> </div> <div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div> </div> <div id="section69" class="section-body"> <ul class="bulletlist"> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm" data-sid="82956" >Brain surgery</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Medical Encyclopedia)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm" data-sid="86209">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm" data-sid="83626" >EEG</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Medical Encyclopedia)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm" data-sid="85665">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000694.htm" data-sid="81666" >Epilepsy</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Medical Encyclopedia)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000694.htm" data-sid="85853">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007681.htm" data-sid="125532" >Epilepsy in children</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Medical Encyclopedia)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007681.htm" data-sid="125540">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000127.htm" data-sid="83876" >Epilepsy in children - discharge</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Medical Encyclopedia)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000127.htm" data-sid="86679">Spanish</a> </span> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000128.htm" data-sid="83877" >Epilepsy or seizures - discharge</a> <span class="desc-text"> <span class="orgs"> (Medical Encyclopedia)</span> </span> <span class="also-lang"> Also in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000128.htm" data-sid="86680">Spanish</a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="side"> <aside> <section id="ht-img-section"> <div class="side-section"> <div class="section-header hide-offscreen"> <h2>Topic Image</h2> </div> <div class="section-body no-header"> <img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/Epilepsy.jpg" title="Epilepsy" alt="Epilepsy" /> </div> </div> </section> <section id="encyclopedia-box"> <div class="side-section"> <div class="section-header red"> <h2>MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA</h2> </div> <div id="more_encyclopedia" class="section-body"> <ul> <li><a data-sid="83843" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm">Brain PET scan</a></li> <li><a data-sid="82956" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm">Brain surgery</a></li> <li><a data-sid="86233" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">Brain surgery - discharge</a></li> <li><a data-sid="97968" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm">Craniotomy - series</a></li> <li><a data-sid="83626" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm">EEG</a></li> <li><a data-sid="81666" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000694.htm">Epilepsy</a></li> <li><a data-sid="83961" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000221.htm">Epilepsy in adults - what to ask your doctor</a></li> <li><a data-sid="125532" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007681.htm">Epilepsy in children</a></li> <li><a data-sid="83876" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000127.htm">Epilepsy in children - discharge</a></li> <li><a data-sid="83962" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000222.htm">Epilepsy in children - what to ask your doctor</a></li> </ul><ul class="more-links"> <li><a data-sid="83877" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000128.htm">Epilepsy or seizures - discharge</a></li> <li><a data-sid="83381" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm">Head CT scan</a></li> </ul> <div aria-live="polite" class="live-area hide-offscreen"></div> <button class="more-btn" role="button" aria-controls="more_encyclopedia" type="submit"> <span class="more">Show More</span><span class="more icon icon-more"></span> <span class="less">Show Less</span><span class="less icon icon-more"></span> </button> </div> </div> </section> <section id="related-topics"> <div class="side-section"> <div class="section-header"> <h2>Related Health Topics</h2> </div> <div class="section-body"> <ul id="related"> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">Seizures</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section id="primary-institute-section"> <div class="side-section"> <div class="section-header"> <h2>National Institutes of Health</h2> </div> <div class="section-body"> The primary NIH organization for research on <span class="italic">Epilepsy</span> is the <a href="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/" target="TheNewWin">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</a> </div> </div> </section> <section id="magazine-box"> <div class="side-section"> <div class="section-header"> <h2>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</h2> </div> <div id="more_magazine" class="section-body"> <ul> <li><a data-sid="152892" href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/fashion-icon-camila-coelho-gets-real-about-epilepsy-diagnosis" target="_blank">Fashion Icon Camila Coelho Gets Real About Epilepsy Diagnosis</a></li> <li><a data-sid="153009" href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-help-someone-who-is-having-a-seizure" target="_blank">How to Help Someone Who Is Having a Seizure</a></li> <li><a data-sid="152904" href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/one-familys-journey-to-find-epilepsy-answers" target="_blank">One Family's Journey to Find Epilepsy Answers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section> <div class="side-section"> <div class="section-header hide-offscreen"> <h2>Disclaimers</h2> </div> <div class="section-body no-header"> MedlinePlus links to health information from the National Institutes of Health and other federal government agencies. MedlinePlus also links to health information from non-government Web sites. See our <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disclaimers.html">disclaimer</a> about external links and our <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/criteria.html">quality guidelines</a>. </div> </div> </section> </aside> </div> <div class="page-action-bottom"> <div class="page-actions"></div> </div> </article> </div> <p>The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. 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The seizures may be mild or severe. Learn about causes, diagnosis, and treatment.", "mainContentOfPage": "Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures. The seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals. People may have strange sensations and emotions or behave strangely. They may have violent muscle spasms or lose consciousness. \u000A\u000AEpilepsy has many possible causes, including illness, brain injury, and abnormal brain development. In many cases, the cause is unknown.\u000A\u000ADoctors use brain scans and other tests to diagnose epilepsy. It is important to start treatment right away. There is no cure for epilepsy, but medicines can control seizures for most people. When medicines are not working well, surgery or implanted devices such as vagus nerve stimulators may help. Special diets can help some children with epilepsy.\u000A\u000ANIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke", "primaryImageOfPage": { "@type": "ImageObject", "contentUrl": "https://medlineplus.gov/images/Epilepsy.jpg" }, "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html" } ] </script> </body> </html>

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