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Harding campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Harding_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attorney_General_of_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attorney_General_of_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Attorney General of the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attorney_General_of_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_"Ohio_Gang"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"Ohio_Gang""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>The "Ohio Gang"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"Ohio_Gang"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Metal_Company_affair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Metal_Company_affair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>American Metal Company affair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Metal_Company_affair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years,_death,_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years,_death,_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Later years, death, and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years,_death,_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Daugherty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Daugherty – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harry M. Daugherty" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_M._Daugherty" title="Harry M. Daugherty – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harry M. Daugherty" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Micajah_Daugherty" title="Harry Micajah Daugherty – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Harry Micajah Daugherty" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99" title="הארי מיקאיה דוהרטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הארי מיקאיה דוהרטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%89" title="هارى م دورتى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هارى م دورتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_M._Daugherty" title="Harry M. Daugherty – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Harry M. Daugherty" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_M._Daugherty" title="Harry M. Daugherty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harry M. Daugherty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Догерти, Гарри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Догерти, Гарри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_M._Daugherty" title="Harry M. Daugherty – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harry M. 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politician (1860–1941)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Harry Daugherty</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Daugherty,_bw_photo_portrait_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Harry_Daugherty%2C_bw_photo_portrait_1920.jpg/220px-Harry_Daugherty%2C_bw_photo_portrait_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Harry_Daugherty%2C_bw_photo_portrait_1920.jpg/330px-Harry_Daugherty%2C_bw_photo_portrait_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Harry_Daugherty%2C_bw_photo_portrait_1920.jpg/440px-Harry_Daugherty%2C_bw_photo_portrait_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2573" data-file-height="3630" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Daugherty in 1920</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">51st <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1921 – April 6, 1924</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmer" title="A. Mitchell Palmer">Mitchell Palmer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Harlan F. Stone</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1860-01-26</span>)</span>January 26, 1860<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington_Court_House,_Ohio" title="Washington Court House, Ohio">Washington Court House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 12, 1941<span style="display:none">(1941-10-12)</span> (aged 81)<br /><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Lucie Walker</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Harry Micajah Daugherty</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>; January 26, 1860 – October 12, 1941) was an American politician. A key <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> political insider from <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, he is best remembered for his service as <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of the United States">Attorney General of the United States</a> under presidents <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a>, as well as for his involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Teapot_Dome_scandal" title="Teapot Dome scandal">Teapot Dome scandal</a> during Harding's presidency. </p><p>Despite his status as a key political leader of the Ohio Republican Party from the 1880s to the first decade of the 20th century, Daugherty was only briefly a statewide elected politician by serving just two terms in the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio General Assembly</a>, working closely during the last two years with state governor <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>. Although he sought national office several times, Daugherty was thwarted in his effort to obtain the nomination of his party and was never elected to office again. </p><p>Daugherty remained an influential figure behind the election of several U.S. representatives and senators. He was Harding's campaign manager at the <a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">1920 Republican National Convention</a>. Following Harding's successful election, Daugherty was named attorney general. In that capacity, he was instrumental in winning presidential pardons for jailed anti-war dissidents such as <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>. Twice the subject of federal corruption investigations, Daugherty was forced in 1924 to resign his post as attorney general by Coolidge. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harry M. Daugherty was born on January 26, 1860, in the small town of <a href="/wiki/Washington_Court_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Court House">Washington Court House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>. Daugherty's father, John H. Daugherty, was the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>-born son of Irish immigrants and worked as a farmer and <a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">tailor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother, Jane Draper Daugherty, was from a prominent Ohio family with <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> roots dating back to the time of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty was a first cousin of actress <a href="/wiki/Majel_Coleman" title="Majel Coleman">Majel Coleman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daugherty's father died of <a href="/wiki/Diphtheria" title="Diphtheria">diphtheria</a> when Harry was just four years old, as did one of his brothers, leaving his mother as the sole provider for the household.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry and his older brother, Mally, were forced by economic necessity to take a variety of jobs <a href="/wiki/Child_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labor">from a relatively early age</a> to help with the family's living expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty's mother later recalled that he was so young when he worked in a local grocery store that he had to stand on a wooden crate to reach the cash register.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio3_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daugherty's mother wanted him to become a <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church,_South" title="Methodist Episcopal Church, South">Methodist</a> minister, but the prospect of life as a clergyman held no appeal for him.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio3_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, after graduating from high school in Washington Court House, Daugherty studied medicine for a year before taking a position as a cub reporter for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Enquirer" title="The Cincinnati Enquirer">The Cincinnati Enquirer</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Giglio3_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1878 Daugherty entered the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">University of Michigan Law School</a>, accepted there despite not having first obtained an undergraduate education.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio3_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supplemented his insufficient income by <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambling</a>, winning a significant sum betting on the election of <a href="/wiki/James_Garfield" class="mw-redirect" title="James Garfield">James Garfield</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1880" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election, 1880">1880 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio3_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sports_betting" title="Sports betting">Sports betting</a> was also an area of some interest to Daugherty and his brother, who went so far as to <a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">tap</a> <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a> wires so that they could obtain game information in advance.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio3-4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio3-4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially successful, this ethically shady activity was ultimately discovered and exposed by local gamblers puzzled by the brothers' uncanny success.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio3-4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio3-4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daugherty graduated from law school in 1881 and returned home to Ohio, where he accepted a job in the office of a Washington Court House attorney, spending his spare time preparing to take the Ohio state <a href="/wiki/Bar_examination" title="Bar examination">bar examination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factional_soldier">Factional soldier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Factional soldier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_Joseph_B._Foraker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Senator_Joseph_B._Foraker.png/220px-Senator_Joseph_B._Foraker.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Senator_Joseph_B._Foraker.png/330px-Senator_Joseph_B._Foraker.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Senator_Joseph_B._Foraker.png/440px-Senator_Joseph_B._Foraker.png 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption>Ohio governor Joseph B. Foraker, with whom Daugherty was politically allied as a young man, as he appeared in 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1882 Daugherty was elected by the <a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Ohio" title="Fayette County, Ohio">Fayette County</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Central Committee</a> as the recording secretary of the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ran for political office in the election of 1882, winning election as the clerk of nearby <a href="/wiki/Union_Township,_Fayette_County,_Ohio" title="Union Township, Fayette County, Ohio">Union Township</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this capacity Daugherty served a single two-year term, earning a salary of $1500 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following year Daugherty was elected secretary of the Fayette County Executive Committee, where he earned a reputation as an intense and astute young political activist.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio4_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was selected as one of five delegates from the Fayette Country Republican Party as a delegate to the Ohio State Republican Convention in 1883, held in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio4_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There Daugherty helped select an aggressive young <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> judge named <a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Foraker" title="Joseph B. Foraker">Joseph B. Foraker</a> as the party's 1883 gubernatorial nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A close political relationship developed between Foraker and Daugherty, with Daugherty exerting himself in support of Foraker's unsuccessful 1883 campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Foraker was elected as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Ohio">Governor of Ohio</a> in 1885, he was able to return the favor, boosting his protégé Daugherty's career.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio5_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The connection between the two was tightened further in September 1884, when Daugherty married Lucille Walker of <a href="/wiki/Wellston,_Ohio" title="Wellston, Ohio">Wellston, Ohio</a> – a cousin of Foraker's wife.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio5_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daugherty was elected to a two-year term on the city council in the election of 1885, serving from 1886 to 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected as chairman of the Fayette County Republican Central Committee in 1886 but spent most of his time helping to establish a law practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After practicing alone for three years, Daugherty formed a partnership with Horatio B. Maynard, a prominent local lawyer, and the new practice soon emerged as a leading law firm in the county.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio6_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1889 Republican <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Worthington_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Worthington (politician) (page does not exist)">David Worthington</a> decided not to seek reelection to the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio General Assembly</a> and Daugherty threw his hat into the ring.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio6_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After eking out a narrow victory in the Republican <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary election</a>, Daugherty emerged victorious in November, winning election to the Ohio House of Representatives by slightly more than 800 votes out of 5,100 ballots cast.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio6_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Daugherty won his race, his close political ally Joseph Foraker lost his bid for a third term as Governor and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> won control of the Assembly as well, forcing Daugherty to participate as a member of the minority party.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio6_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daugherty won reelection to the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">Ohio House of Representatives</a> in the fall of 1891, beating his Democratic opponent by more than 750 votes out of about 4,900 cast.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio10_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time Ohio Republicans recaptured not only the Governor's mansion – electing <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> to the state's chief executive office – but also the majority of the state assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio10_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since in this era <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senators</a> were elected by state legislatures rather than by direct vote of the people, this meant that a Republican would be sent to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a> to fill the expiring term of Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">John Sherman</a> when the assembly reconvened in January 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio10_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Change_of_alliances">Change of alliances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Change of alliances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Hanna_by_WJ_Root,_1896_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Mark_Hanna_by_WJ_Root%2C_1896_cropped.jpg/220px-Mark_Hanna_by_WJ_Root%2C_1896_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Mark_Hanna_by_WJ_Root%2C_1896_cropped.jpg/330px-Mark_Hanna_by_WJ_Root%2C_1896_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Mark_Hanna_by_WJ_Root%2C_1896_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Mark Hanna, a key leader of the Sherman faction of the Ohio Republican Party, as he appeared in 1896</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ohio Republican Party had for several years been deeply split along <a href="/wiki/Political_faction" title="Political faction">factional</a> lines, with Senator Sherman and former Governor Foraker leading rival groups of party activists and political functionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio10_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foraker was determined to challenge Sherman for his Senate seat and sought assurances from Daugherty that he would continue to support him when the matter came before the legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio10_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This placed Daugherty in a difficult position, since his native Fayette County was solidly behind the Sherman faction, which included Governor McKinley and the significant financial clout of <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland</a> businessman <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hanna" title="Mark Hanna">Mark Hanna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forced by the logic of the situation to switch alliances rather than risk being cast into political oblivion, Daugherty abandoned Foraker in the final contest of the Ohio Republican caucus on January 2, 1892, joining 52 others in voting for Sherman, against 38 for the insurgent campaign of Foraker.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of the caucus that would determine Ohio's U.S. Senator, editorials of the Democratic <i><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbus Post">Columbus Post</a></i> charged that Daugherty and fourteen other Ohio legislators had changed their support from Foraker to Sherman based upon "intimidation, threats, promises, and actual purchase" and accused Daugherty by name of having accepted <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">cash payments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio11_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A formal investigation of this charge by a bi-partisan four member committee of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio State Senate">Ohio State Senate</a> followed, with Daugherty being unanimously cleared of all charges in a report issued in April 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio12_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1892 Senatorial campaign marked the formal attachment of Daugherty to the dominant Sherman-Hanna faction of the Ohio Republican Party after the better part of a decade as a trusted adherent of the rival Foraker faction.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio13_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The move broadened Daugherty's political possibilities, and he was made chairman of the powerful Corporations Committee and named a member of the Judiciary Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio13_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1893 Daugherty was chosen as chairman of the Ohio Republican State Convention which nominated McKinley as the party's candidate for Governor.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Governor McKinley also named Daugherty as his floor leader in the House of Representatives, keeping party members in line behind the governor's legislative agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio13_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next two years McKinley and Daugherty forged a close political friendship, working together closely and frequently sharing meals at breakfast and in the evening.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio13_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the Foraker faction, however, Daugherty became <i><a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">persona non grata</a></i> due to what was perceived as his duplicitous political disloyalty.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio13_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daugherty attempted to gain nomination as a Republican candidate for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> in 1892, but the 7th District Republican Convention which put forward the party's nominee was irreconcilably split between Daugherty and his former law partner, A.R. Creamer, and wound up backing a <a href="/wiki/Dark_horse" title="Dark horse">dark horse</a> candidate as a compromise, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Wilson_(politician)" title="George W. Wilson (politician)">George W. Wilson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson won his race in the November 1892 general election and wound up serving four years in Congress on behalf of the 7th District. </p><p>In the aftermath of his failure to win a seat in Congress, Sherman offered Daugherty a political appointment as Assistant District Attorney in Columbus.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio15_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty ultimately decided to decline this position, instead opening a new law office in that city, while still remaining a resident and practicing attorney in his hometown of Washington Court House.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio15_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Washington_Court_House_riot">The Washington Court House riot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Washington Court House riot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WCHRiot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/WCHRiot.JPG/220px-WCHRiot.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/WCHRiot.JPG/330px-WCHRiot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/WCHRiot.JPG/440px-WCHRiot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Ohio Historical Marker at the Fayette County Courthouse in Washington Court House, Ohio</figcaption></figure> <p>On October 9, 1894, a black man named William Dolby was accused of assaulting a white woman named Mary C. Boyd in her home at Parrett's Station, a small settlement near Washington Court House.<sup id="cite_ref-Burba_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burba-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby fled but was soon arrested and taken back to the jail at Washington Court House, where signs quickly pointed to an outburst of mob violence.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio16_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby supposedly confessed to the crime "upon being apprehended".<sup id="cite_ref-Burba_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burba-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fayette County sheriff called upon Governor McKinley to send out the <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Guard">militia</a> to defend the prisoner from a prospective <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynch mob</a> following his sentencing to twenty years in prison at a hearing held on October 16.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio16_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 17 two companies of militiamen arrived at Washington Court House to guard Dolby for his coming transport to the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Penitentiary" title="Ohio Penitentiary">Ohio Penitentiary</a> at Columbus.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio16_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That evening a mob gathered and began a siege of the jail, attempting to batter down the jailhouse doors so that the prisoner could be removed and violently killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio16_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commander of the National Guard forces, Colonel Alonzo Coit, ordered his troops to fire upon the enraged lynch mob, which they did, killing five rioters and wounding fifteen others.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio16_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mob still failed to disperse and fears grew that an armed assault would be launched by furious local citizens on the militiamen defending the jail.<sup id="cite_ref-Burba_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burba-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 2 am a second volley was fired by the defenders, this time over the heads of the rioters, with the gunfire finally having its desired effect of breaking up the unlawful gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-Burba_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burba-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath, Governor McKinley appointed a special court of inquiry to investigate the riot and militia shooting.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio16_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following an investigation, the court of inquiry returned an <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indictment</a> against Col. Coit, charging him with <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a> in the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio16_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McKinley then called upon Daugherty to shoulder the politically unpopular job of defending Coit at trial, in the face of a wrathful Fayette County citizenry which sought his conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio16_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty accepted the Coit case, and on March 5, 1895, won his <a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">acquittal</a> of manslaughter charges.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio16_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_politician_to_political_operator">From politician to political operator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: From politician to political operator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodore_Elijah_Burton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Theodore_Elijah_Burton.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Theodore E. Burton, a congressman and senator, was a key Daugherty ally during the first decade of the 20th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Daugherty sought nomination by the Ohio Republican Party for Governor in 1895, Hanna decided to support another candidate instead, so Daugherty decided to launch a run for <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Attorney_General" title="Ohio Attorney General">Ohio Attorney General</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ohio Republican Convention was dominated by the Foraker faction, however, and Foraker loyalist <a href="/wiki/Frank_S._Monnette" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank S. Monnette">Frank S. Monnett</a> was nominated for the Attorney General post over the deeply distrusted Daugherty.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio17_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio17-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not daunted by his loss, in 1896 Daugherty announced his desire to win election to Congress. An advisory primary election was held among Fayette County Republicans in March 1896, in which Daugherty narrowly won a bitterly fought race.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual nomination was to be made by the 7th District Republican Convention, however, and there Daugherty fell victim to factional machinations, with the nomination going instead to <a href="/wiki/Walter_L._Weaver" title="Walter L. Weaver">Walter L. Weaver</a>, who would ultimately serve two terms in Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a second time Daugherty had been denied. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a> recognized Daugherty's gifts as an indefatigable partisan and effective stump speaker, however, and sent him out on the road in support of McKinley's campaign for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty traveled through <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, and Ohio, logging over 9,000 miles traveled in delivering some 47 campaign speeches in support of McKinley and the Republicans' successful effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1898 conflict emerged between Daugherty and Hanna over the slow payment of thousands of dollars of legal fees incurred by then-U.S. Senator Hanna in defending himself against a Senate investigation of electoral bribery charges.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Daugherty's insistence upon being paid had made for a tense relationship, the actual parting of their ways came in 1899, when Daugherty again sought the Republican nomination for Governor of Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio21_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio21-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither Foraker nor Hanna supported Daugherty for the position, with Hanna lending his support to <a href="/wiki/George_K._Nash" title="George K. Nash">George K. Nash</a> and Foraker clearly still seething over Daugherty's 1892 abandonment.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio21_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio21-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty took his fight all the way to the Ohio Republican Convention before losing to Nash, 461 delegate votes to 205.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio23_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio23-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the next five years Daugherty skillfully built political influence in the Ohio Republican establishment by dealing with leaders of both of the party's major factions.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty maintained considerable influence with Republicans in the state legislature, who had known and worked with Daugherty for years.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His political rehabilitation was only partial, however, for as long as Foraker and Hanna remained the top factional leaders of Ohio Republican politics there remained a very real ceiling beyond which Daugherty could never hope to rise.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio28_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio28-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanna's death in February 1904 and a subsequent discrediting of some of his top allies such as <a href="/wiki/George_B._Cox" title="George B. Cox">George B. Cox</a> on grounds of <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political bossism</a> again cleared the way for Daugherty's emergence.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio28_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio28-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1906 Daugherty stood as a leader of a new insurgent political faction which included Congressman <a href="/wiki/Theodore_E._Burton" title="Theodore E. Burton">Theodore E. Burton</a> of Cleveland and former Governor <a href="/wiki/Myron_T._Herrick" title="Myron T. Herrick">Myron T. Herrick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio28_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio28-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty and Burton aligned themselves with supporters of <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> under progressive Republican President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, and together the factional allies forced Foraker out of the United States Senate and into political retirement, aided by <a href="/wiki/Muckraking" class="mw-redirect" title="Muckraking">muckraking</a> news reports that Foraker had received nearly $30,000 as a political retainer from the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Oil Trust">Standard Oil Trust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daugherty was instrumental in helping his ally Burton win election to the Senate in 1908 but was once again relegated to a key backstage role instead of himself standing for election to high office.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty's position as a political boss rather than a public politician had once again been confirmed. </p><p>During the party split of 1912, Daugherty was a staunch supporter of Taft and old guard Republican <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatism</a> against the progressive Republicanism espoused by Roosevelt.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty was a key figure on the ground in Ohio in behalf of the Taft campaign, issuing a major address on May 18 which was so well regarded that it was reproduced as a pamphlet by the Taft organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio,_pg._58_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio,_pg._58-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Daugherty's machinations along with <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga County, Ohio">Cuyahoga County</a> boss Maurice Maschke carried the state Republican convention for Taft, a split of the Republican field in the <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">November election</a> propelled Democrat <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> to the presidency with a plurality of under 42% of the vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Harding_campaign">The Harding campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Harding campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_Warren_G._Harding_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Senator_Warren_G._Harding_02.jpg/220px-Senator_Warren_G._Harding_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Senator_Warren_G._Harding_02.jpg/330px-Senator_Warren_G._Harding_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Senator_Warren_G._Harding_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>U.S. senator Warren Harding, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>The establishment of primary elections for the U.S. Senate in 1914 greatly reduced the power of political bosses such as Daugherty.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio,_pg._58_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio,_pg._58-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained fully engaged as a political operative in spite of this major change, however, attaching himself to a powerful state senator named <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>. Daugherty had known Harding since the autumn of 1899, when he had been prominent in Ohio politics and Harding was a 35-year-old upstart.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio82_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio82-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would not be too many years before these roles were reversed, however, with Harding elected to the state senate in 1901 and appointed Republican floor leader in that same session.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio82_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio82-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harding was an eloquent speaker and a skilled negotiator of political compromise and emerged as one of the top leaders of the Foraker faction.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio82_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio82-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1912 party split, Daugherty and Harding forged a political friendship working on behalf of the Taft campaign, with Daugherty filling the role of Ohio Republican Party chairman with Harding's newspaper, the <a href="/wiki/Marion,_Ohio" title="Marion, Ohio">Marion</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marion_Star" title="The Marion Star">Daily Star</a></i>, giving Daugherty its full support.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio83_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio83-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both were politically ambitious and while they enjoyed one another's company, they were not intimate personal friends.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio83_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio83-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harding managed to win election to the Senate in 1914. Daugherty ran for the Republican Senate nomination in 1916, campaigning against former Senator <a href="/wiki/Charles_W.F._Dick" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles W.F. Dick">Charles W.F. Dick</a> and former Governor Herrick. Herrick won the nomination, and lost the general election to <a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Atlee Pomerene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ever the political manipulator, in January 1918 Daugherty observed the significance of the growing <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a> and opportunistically attempted to become a movement leader in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio84_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio84-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty was himself a drinker but was not a man to let personal habits stand in the way of political possibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Giglio84_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giglio84-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an Ohio Republican boss in 1920, Daugherty engineered Harding's ascendancy as the presidential nominee at that year's <a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. The decision to propel Harding forward, if the nomination wasn't decided on the first ballot, was made in what became known in American politics as the <a href="/wiki/Smoke-filled_room" title="Smoke-filled room">smoke-filled room</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackstone Hotel">Blackstone Hotel</a>. Harding won the nomination after the vote deadlocked between <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Leonard Wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Lowden">Frank Lowden</a>, an event whose possibility Daugherty had suggested months before in an interview. Daugherty subsequently served as <a href="/wiki/Campaign_manager" title="Campaign manager">campaign manager</a> for Harding in the <a href="/wiki/1920_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 U.S. presidential election">presidential election of 1920</a>. He ran the campaign based on Harding's affable personality and fairly neutral political stance, advocating a return to "normalcy" after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attorney_General_of_the_United_States">Attorney General of the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Attorney General of the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the resounding Republican victory in the fall of 1920, Daugherty was named <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of the United States">Attorney General of the United States</a> by President-elect Harding. Daugherty was <a href="/wiki/Senate_confirmation" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate confirmation">confirmed by the Senate</a> and assumed office on March 4, 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossman_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossman-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"Ohio_Gang""><span id="The_.22Ohio_Gang.22"></span>The "Ohio Gang"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The "Ohio Gang""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Gang" title="Ohio Gang">Ohio Gang</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daugherty-Harry-M.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Daugherty-Harry-M.jpg/220px-Daugherty-Harry-M.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Daugherty-Harry-M.jpg/330px-Daugherty-Harry-M.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Daugherty-Harry-M.jpg/440px-Daugherty-Harry-M.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Attorney General Daugherty in his office</figcaption></figure><p> Having achieved power, Harding gathered around him a group of political cronies, including factional friends from the Ohio Republican establishment like Daugherty and others of like mind from other states, a group known colloquially as the "Ohio Gang." Critics such as Harding's <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> viewed the <a href="/wiki/Clique" title="Clique">clique</a> with thinly disguised disgust:</p><blockquote><p>[Harding] had another side which was not good. His political associates had been men of the type of <a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Fall" title="Albert B. Fall">Albert B. Fall</a>, whom he appointed <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a>; Daugherty, whom he appointed Attorney General; <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Forbes" title="Charles R. Forbes">Forbes</a>, whom he appointed Director of the Veterans' Bureau; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Miller" title="Thomas W. Miller">Thomas W. Miller</a>, whom he appointed Alien Property Custodian, and <a href="/wiki/Jess_Smith" title="Jess Smith">Jesse Smith</a> who had office room in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a>.<br /> He enjoyed the company of these men and his old Ohio associates in and out of the government. Weekly White House <a href="/wiki/Poker" title="Poker">poker</a> parties were his greatest relaxation. The stakes were not large, but the play lasted most of the night.... I had lived too long on the frontiers of the world to have strong emotions against people playing poker for money if they liked it, but it irked me to see it in the White House.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoover48_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoover48-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N-nothin_to_it,_I_tell_you!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/N-nothin_to_it%2C_I_tell_you%21.jpg/220px-N-nothin_to_it%2C_I_tell_you%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/N-nothin_to_it%2C_I_tell_you%21.jpg/330px-N-nothin_to_it%2C_I_tell_you%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/N-nothin_to_it%2C_I_tell_you%21.jpg/440px-N-nothin_to_it%2C_I_tell_you%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>A 1922 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Sykes" title="Charles Henry Sykes">Charles Henry Sykes</a> cartoon, whose caption reads, "N-nothin' to it, I tell you!"</figcaption></figure> <p>Several of Harding's Ohio Gang associates lost no time enriching themselves at the public expense. Soon rumblings began to be heard over possible malfeasance in various government departments, including Daugherty's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a>. Then on April 14, 1922, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> broke a sensational story about a secret bribery scheme involving oil company kickbacks to government officials in exchange for the granting of extraordinarily favorable oil extraction leases via single-bid contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-Senate_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senate-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day Democratic Senator <a href="/wiki/John_B._Kendrick" title="John B. Kendrick">John B. Kendrick</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> introduced a resolution which set in motion the Senate investigation that would ultimately expose this so-called <a href="/wiki/Teapot_Dome_scandal" title="Teapot Dome scandal">Teapot Dome scandal</a>, involving an illegal financial relationship between Fall, Harding's Secretary of the Interior, and a subsidiary of the <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinclair Oil">Sinclair Consolidated Oil Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Senate_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senate-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1922, Arkansas Senator <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_H._Caraway" title="Thaddeus H. Caraway">Thaddeus H. Caraway</a> called for Daugherty's resignation because of the role Daugherty had played ten years earlier in procuring a presidential pardon for <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Morse" title="Charles W. Morse">Charles W. Morse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morse, a multi-millionaire who had just begun a fifteen-year prison sentence, pretended to be dying in order to plead for a pardon on humanitarian grounds from President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pringle,_pp.628-634_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pringle,_pp.628-634-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daugherty, hired because of his closeness to Taft, and promised a fee of $100,000 if a pardon were obtained,<sup id="cite_ref-Pringle,_pp.628-634_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pringle,_pp.628-634-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advanced the scheme by repeatedly telling Taft's secretary that Morse was near death, even stating at one point that Morse would not likely survive another 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, after receiving the pardon, Morse lived another 21 years. </p><p>Daugherty was also accused by opponents of the administration of having been complicit in the Teapot Dome affair by failing to intervene after he had learned of the malfeasance.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossman_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossman-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pair of <a href="/wiki/Special_prosecutor" class="mw-redirect" title="Special prosecutor">special prosecutors</a> – Republican Assistant Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Owen_J._Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen J. Roberts">Owen J. Roberts</a> and former Democratic Senator Atlee Pomerene – were appointed to conduct a more thorough investigation of the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossman_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossman-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After taking testimony on the matter the pair cleared Daugherty of wrongdoing, their final report indicating that the Attorney General had neither been aware of the fraudulent oil contracts nor had he taken any bribes related to the affair.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossman_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossman-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This very specific absolution did not mean that all was on the level at the Justice Department, however. In July 1923, just as Harding was preparing to leave on a working cruise to <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, Daugherty's personal assistant, <a href="/wiki/Jess_Smith" title="Jess Smith">Jess Smith</a>, suddenly committed <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoover48-49_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoover48-49-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although as a pious <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a>, Hoover was never part of the President's inner circle, yet was abruptly added to the traveling party on the cruise by a "nervous and distraught" Harding, who apparently sought his counsel.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoover49_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoover49-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoover later recalled: </p> <blockquote><p>One day after lunch when we were a few days out, Harding asked me to come to his cabin. He plumped at me the question: "If you knew of a great scandal in our administration, would you for the good of the country and the party expose it publicly or would you bury it?" My natural reply was "Publish it, and at least get credit for integrity on your side." He remarked that this method might be politically dangerous. I asked for more particulars. He said that he had received some rumors of irregularities, centering around Smith, in connection with cases in the Department of Justice. He had followed the matter up and finally sent for Smith. After a painful session he told Smith that he would be arrested in the morning. Smith went home, burned all his papers, and committed suicide. Harding gave me no information about what Smith had been up to. I asked what Daugherty's relations to the affair were. He abruptly dried up and never raised the question again.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoover49_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoover49-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Returning from his Alaskan trip Harding suffered the first <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> in what would prove to be the beginning of his terminal last days, finally dying in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> on August 2, 1923. Harding's death did nothing to quell the tide of emerging scandals revolving around his Ohio clique, with the news dominated by the story of Teapot Dome bribery and allegations of wrongdoing in the Office of the Alien Property Custodian, the Veterans' Bureau, and the Office of the Attorney General.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While new President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> initially resisted calls to sack Daugherty, Hoover and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> prevailed upon him to eliminate a man whom they considered to be a corrupt official. In his memoirs Hoover remembered: </p> <blockquote><p>Coolidge was loath to believe that such things were possible. He greatly delayed the removal of Daugherty from the Cabinet. From this man's long-time character, he should never have been in any government.... Coolidge had a high sense of justice and asserted that he had no definite knowledge of wrongdoings by Daugherty and could not remove him on rumors. We urged that Daugherty had lost the confidence of the whole country and himself should be willing to retire for the good of public service.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On March 28, 1924, Coolidge acquiesced, demanding and receiving a letter of resignation from Daugherty. He was quickly replaced as Attorney General by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Fiske_Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlan Fiske Stone">Harlan Fiske Stone</a>, dean of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grossman_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grossman-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Metal_Company_affair">American Metal Company affair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: American Metal Company affair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1926, Daugherty was indicted on charges that he improperly received funds in the sale of <a href="/wiki/American_Metal_Company" title="American Metal Company">American Metal Company</a> assets seized during World War I. The indictment came down one year after Smith<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, Republican political boss John T. King of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, and former Alien Property Custodian <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Miller" title="Thomas W. Miller">Thomas W. Miller</a> were charged with the same misconduct. Daugherty's case went to trial twice, with the first jury deadlocking with 7–5 in favor of conviction. He was <a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">acquitted</a> after a single juror remained unconvinced of his guilt in the second trial.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years,_death,_and_legacy"><span id="Later_years.2C_death.2C_and_legacy"></span>Later years, death, and legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Later years, death, and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daugherty returned to practicing law until his retirement in 1932, and that year published, with <a href="/wiki/Ghostwriting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghostwriting">ghostwriter</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dixon,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Dixon, Jr.">Thomas Dixon</a>, <i>The Inside Story of the Harding Tragedy</i> about his time in the Harding administration. In the book he claimed that Fall had become Secretary of the Interior by forging Daugherty's signature, and that Smith, his close friend, had killed himself because of <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>, not a guilty conscience. </p><p>Spending many of his final years in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island,_Michigan" title="Mackinac Island, Michigan">Mackinac Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, Daugherty planned to write more books to clear his reputation, but in October 1940, he suffered two heart attacks and was stricken with <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>. Bedridden and blind in one eye during this last year, he died peacefully in his sleep with his son and daughter at his side on October 12, 1941. </p><p>Daugherty was buried at <a href="/wiki/Washington_Cemetery_(Washington_Court_House,_Ohio)" title="Washington Cemetery (Washington Court House, Ohio)">Washington Cemetery</a> in Washington Court House, Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of his papers, consisting primarily of correspondence between him and President Warren Harding, are housed at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Historical Society">Ohio Historical Society</a> in Columbus.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daugherty is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_McDonald" title="Christopher McDonald">Christopher McDonald</a> on the HBO series <i><a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_Empire" title="Boardwalk Empire">Boardwalk Empire</a></i>. Like the real life Daugherty, the character is portrayed as Warren G. Harding's 1920 campaign manager and later as his Attorney General.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also faces corruption charges and his relationship with Jess Smith and <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Means" title="Gaston Means">Gaston Means</a> is also shown. Daugherty is also portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sullivan_(American_actor)" title="Barry Sullivan (American actor)">Barry Sullivan</a> in the 1979 NBC mini-series <i><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/RespectForLaw-august1921"><i>Respect for Law: Address of Hon. Harry M. Daugherty at the Meeting of the American Bar Association at Cincinnati, Ohio, August 31, 1921.</i></a> Washington, DC: [U.S. Government Printing Office?], 1921.</li> <li><i>Government Prosecutions under the Espionage Act: Letter from the Attorney General, Transmitting in Response to Senate Resolution of January 25, 1922, Additional Information Regarding Persons Prosecuted by the Government under the Espionage Act or for Conspiracy to Violate War-time Laws ... </i> Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1922.</li> <li><i>Reply by the Attorney General of the United States, Harry M. Daugherty to charges filed with the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives, December 1, 1922, by Oscar E. Keller.</i> Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 1922.</li> <li><i>Address by the Attorney General of the United States, Hon. Harry M. Daugherty (at Canton, Ohio, October 21, 1922).</i> Washington, DC: n.p., 1922.</li> <li><i>Speech of Former Attorney General Daugherty and Introductory Remarks of Judge John E. Sater: At Testimonial Dinner Tendered by Business and Professional Men at Hotel Deshler, Columbus, Ohio, April 23rd, 1924.</i> Columbus, OH: n.p., 1924.</li> <li><i>Report Submitted to President Coolidge by Attorney General H. M. Daugherty Concerning Prohibition Litigation throughout U.S., Covering Period Jan. 16, 1920 to June 16, 1923.</i> Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1926.</li> <li><i>The Inside Story of the Harding Tragedy.</i> With Thomas Dixon. New York: Churchill Company, 1932.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Gang" title="Ohio Gang">Ohio Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Green_House_on_K_Street" title="Little Green House on K Street">Little Green House on K Street</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Giglio2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James N. Giglio, <i>H.M. Daughterty and the Politics of Expediency.</i> Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1978; pg. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shadow of Blooming Grove, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Russell_(author)" title="Francis Russell (author)">Francis Russell</a>, McGraw Hill, 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio3_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio3_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio3_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio3_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio3_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio3-4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio3-4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio3-4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pp. 3-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio4_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio4_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio4_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio5_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio5_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio5_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio5_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio6_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio6_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio6_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio6_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio6_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio6_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio10-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio10_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio10_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio10_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio10_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio10_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pp. 8-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio11_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio11_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio12-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Giglio12_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio13-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio13_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio13_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio13_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio13_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio13_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Harry M. Daugherty," in Joseph Patterson Smith (ed.), <i>History of the Republican Party of Ohio: Volume 2.</i> Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1898; pp. 411-412.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pp. 14-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio15-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio15_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio15_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burba-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burba_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burba_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burba_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burba_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Howard Burba, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daytonhistorybooks.com/wildnight.html">"A Wild Night at Washington C.H.,"</a> <i>Dayton Daily News,</i> June 26, 1932.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio16-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio16_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio16_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio16_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio16_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio16_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio16_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio16_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio16_17-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio16_17-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pp. 16-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio17-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Giglio17_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pp. 18-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pp. 19-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio21-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio21_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio21_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio23-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Giglio23_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio28-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio28_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio28_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio28_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio,_pg._58-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio,_pg._58_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio,_pg._58_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio82-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio82_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio82_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio82_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio83-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio83_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio83_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, Mead and Company, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sGMMAAAAYAAJ&dq=dick+daugherty+us+senate+1916+herrick&pg=PA503">New International Yearbook: A Compendium of the World's Progress</a>, 1917, page 503</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giglio84-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio84_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giglio84_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giglio, <i>H.M. Daugherty and the Politics of Expediency,</i> pg. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grossman-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grossman_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Grossman, "Harry Micajah Daugherty (1860-1941)," in <i>Political Corruption in America: An Encyclopedia of Scandals, Power, and Greed.</i> Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2003; pp. 91-93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoover48-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoover48_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert Hoover, <i>The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920-1933.</i> New York: Macmillan, 1952; pg. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Senate-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Senate_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Senate_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Investigates_the_Teapot_Dome_Scandal.htm">"Senate Investigates the 'Teapot Dome' Scandal,"</a> United States Senate Historical Minutes, www.senate.gov/</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Pringle" title="Henry F. Pringle">Henry F. Pringle</a>, <i>The Life and Times of William Howard Taft</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.185543/page/n85/mode/1up?view=theater">Vol. II, pp.634-636</a>, (New York: <a href="/wiki/Farrar_%26_Rinehart" title="Farrar & Rinehart">Farrar & Rinehart, Inc.</a>, 1939).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pringle,_pp.628-634-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pringle,_pp.628-634_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pringle,_pp.628-634_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pringle, pp.628-634.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pringle, pp.629-631.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoover48-49-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoover48-49_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoover, <i>The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920-1933,</i> pp. 48-49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoover49-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoover49_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoover49_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoover, <i>The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920-1933,</i> pg. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoover, <i>The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920-1933,</i> pg. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoover, <i>The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920-1933,</i> pg. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx?historicalMarkerId=874">Marker #2-24 Harry M. Daugherty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090031/http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx?historicalMarkerId=874">Archived</a> 2015-09-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Historical Society">Ohio Historical Society</a>, 2003. Accessed 2013-05-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web2.ohiohistory.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?index=CNTRLEX&profile=allsoc&term=6051033">"Harry M. Daugherty: Papers, 1920-1939."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120722062621/http://web2.ohiohistory.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?index=CNTRLEX&profile=allsoc&term=6051033">Archived</a> 2012-07-22 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, OH.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/entertainment/tv/index.ssf/2011/10/boardwalk_empire_recap_you_can.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Boardwalk Empire' recap: 'You can't kill everyone'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 31 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Boardwalk+Empire%27+recap%3A+%27You+can%27t+kill+everyone%27&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftv%2Findex.ssf%2F2011%2F10%2Fboardwalk_empire_recap_you_can.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+M.+Daugherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbo.com/boardwalk-empire/episodes/02/17-gimcrack-and-bunkum/synopsis.html">"Boardwalk Empire"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boardwalk+Empire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbo.com%2Fboardwalk-empire%2Fepisodes%2F02%2F17-gimcrack-and-bunkum%2Fsynopsis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+M.+Daugherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Randolph C. Downes, "President Making: The Influence of Newton Fairbanks and Harry M. Daugherty on the Nomination of Warren G. Harding for the Presidency," <i>Northwest Ohio Quarterly,</i> vol. 31, no. 4 (Fall 1959).</li> <li>Nathan Masters, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Crooked-Attorney-Crusading-American-Political/dp/0306826135/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8"><i>Crooked: The Roaring 20s Tale of a Corrupt Attorney General, a Crusading Senator, and the Birth of the American Political Scandal</i></a> (Hachette Books 2023)</li> <li>Robert K. Murray, <i>The Harding Era: Warren G. Harding and His Administration.</i> Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1969.</li> <li>Eugene P. Trani and David L. Wilson. <i>The Presidency of Warren G. Harding.</i> Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1977.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chargeshonoscar00dauggoog"><i>Charges of Hon. Oscar E. Keller Against the Attorney General of the United States: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Sixty-seventh Congress, Third and Fourth Sessions on H. Res. 425, September 16, 1922, and December 4, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 1922: Part 1 and 2 - Combined.</i></a> Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1922.</li> <li><i>Investigation of Hon. Harry M. Daugherty, Formerly Attorney General of the United States: Hearings before the Select Committee on Investigation of the Attorney General, United States, Senate, Sixty-eighth Congress, First Session pursuant to S. Res. 157, Directing a Committee to Investigate the Failure of the Attorney General to Prosecute or Defend Certain Criminal and Civil Actions, Wherein the Government is Interested.</i> Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1924.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Daugherty&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harry_M._Daugherty" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Harry M. 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Daugherty</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20Harry%20Micajah%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20Harry%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20H%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Harry%20Micajah%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Harry%20M%2E%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20Harry%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Harry%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Harry%20Micajah%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Harry%20M%2E%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20Micajah%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20Harry%20Micajah%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20Harry%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20H%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20H%2E%20Micajah%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Harry%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20Harry%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Harry%20Micajah%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Harry%20M%2E%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20title%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Harry%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Harry%20Micajah%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Harry%20M%2E%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20description%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20Harry%20Micajah%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20Harry%20M%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Harry%20Daugherty%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Daugherty%2C%20Harry%22%29%20OR%20%28%221860-1941%22%20AND%20Daugherty%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Harry M. Daugherty</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10965">Harry M. Daugherty</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351931#P535" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmer" title="A. Mitchell Palmer">A. Mitchell Palmer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">U.S. Attorney General</a><br /><small>Served under: <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></small> </b><br />1921–1924 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Fiske_Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlan Fiske Stone">Harlan Fiske Stone</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="United_States_attorneys_general" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAttGen" title="Template:USAttGen"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAttGen" title="Template talk:USAttGen"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAttGen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAttGen"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_attorneys_general" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States attorneys general</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Attorney_General)" title="William Bradford (Attorney General)">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(Attorney_General)" title="Charles Lee (Attorney General)">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breckinridge_(U.S._Attorney_General)" title="John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus_Rodney" title="Caesar Augustus Rodney">Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney" title="William Pinkney">Pinkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">Wirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Taney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Benjamin Franklin Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Gilpin" title="Henry D. Gilpin">Gilpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Legar%C3%A9" title="Hugh S. Legaré">Legaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(lawyer)" title="John Nelson (lawyer)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Y._Mason" title="John Y. Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Clifford" title="Nathan Clifford">Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Toucey" title="Isaac Toucey">Toucey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_S._Black" title="Jeremiah S. Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bates" title="Edward Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Speed" title="James Speed">Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stanbery" title="Henry Stanbery">Stanbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_T._Akerman" title="Amos T. Akerman">Akerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Williams" title="George Henry Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Pierrepont" title="Edwards Pierrepont">Pierrepont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonso_Taft" title="Alphonso Taft">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Devens" title="Charles Devens">Devens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_MacVeagh" title="Wayne MacVeagh">MacVeagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_H._Brewster" title="Benjamin H. Brewster">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_H._Garland" title="Augustus H. Garland">A. Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._H._Miller" title="William H. H. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney" title="Richard Olney">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judson_Harmon" title="Judson Harmon">Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McKenna" title="Joseph McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Griggs" title="John W. Griggs">Griggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Charles Joseph Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Wickersham" title="George W. Wickersham">Wickersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_McReynolds" title="James Clark McReynolds">McReynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Watt_Gregory" title="Thomas Watt Gregory">Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmer" title="A. Mitchell Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daugherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Sargent" title="John G. Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Mitchell" title="William D. Mitchell">W. D. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murphy" title="Frank Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Jackson" title="Robert H. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Biddle" title="Francis Biddle">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_C._Clark" title="Tom C. Clark">T. C. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._McGranery" title="James P. McGranery">McGranery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brownell_Jr." title="Herbert Brownell Jr.">Brownell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Katzenbach" title="Nicholas Katzenbach">Katzenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark">R. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_N._Mitchell" title="John N. Mitchell">J. N. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kleindienst" title="Richard Kleindienst">Kleindienst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Saxbe" title="William B. Saxbe">Saxbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Levi" title="Edward H. Levi">Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin_Bell" title="Griffin Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Civiletti" title="Benjamin Civiletti">Civiletti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_French_Smith" title="William French Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Thornburgh" title="Dick Thornburgh">Thornburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">Ashcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Gonzales" title="Alberto Gonzales">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mukasey" title="Michael Mukasey">Mukasey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynch" title="Loretta Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">M. Garland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Department of Justice"><img alt="Seal of the United States Department of Justice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Warren_G._Harding_(1921–1923)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Harding_cabinet" title="Template:Harding cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Harding_cabinet" title="Template talk:Harding cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Harding_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Harding cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Warren_G._Harding_(1921–1923)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> (1921–1923)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> (1921–1923)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Warren_G_Harding_portrait_as_senator_June_1920.jpg/100px-Warren_G_Harding_portrait_as_senator_June_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Warren_G_Harding_portrait_as_senator_June_1920.jpg/150px-Warren_G_Harding_portrait_as_senator_June_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Warren_G_Harding_portrait_as_senator_June_1920.jpg/200px-Warren_G_Harding_portrait_as_senator_June_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="1184" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (1921–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a> (1921–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">John W. Weeks</a> (1921–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harry M. Daugherty</a> (1921–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Will_H._Hays" title="Will H. Hays">Will H. Hays</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Work" title="Hubert Work">Hubert Work</a> (1922–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._New" title="Harry S. New">Harry S. New</a> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Denby_(politician)" title="Edwin Denby (politician)">Edwin Denby</a> (1921–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Fall" title="Albert B. Fall">Albert B. Fall</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Work" title="Hubert Work">Hubert Work</a> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cantwell_Wallace" title="Henry Cantwell Wallace">Henry Cantwell Wallace</a> (1921–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (1921–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Davis" title="James J. Davis">James J. Davis</a> (1921–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Calvin_Coolidge_(1923–1929)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coolidge_cabinet" title="Template:Coolidge cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coolidge_cabinet" title="Template talk:Coolidge cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coolidge_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coolidge cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Calvin_Coolidge_(1923–1929)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> (1923–1929)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i> (1923–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a> (1925–1929)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Calvin_Coolidge.jpg/100px-Calvin_Coolidge.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Calvin_Coolidge.jpg/150px-Calvin_Coolidge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Calvin_Coolidge.jpg/200px-Calvin_Coolidge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2707" data-file-height="3000" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (1923–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. 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Davis</a> (1925–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harry M. Daugherty</a> (1923–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Harlan F. Stone</a> (1924–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Sargent" title="John G. Sargent">John G. Sargent</a> (1925–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._New" title="Harry S. 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Whiting">William F. Whiting</a> (1928–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Davis" title="James J. Davis">James J. 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