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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/William_Springer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="William Springer (disambiguation)">William Springer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">William McKendree Springer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:William_McKendree_Springer_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/William_McKendree_Springer_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-William_McKendree_Springer_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/William_McKendree_Springer_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/330px-William_McKendree_Springer_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/William_McKendree_Springer_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/440px-William_McKendree_Springer_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="3880" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge for the Northern District of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_for_the_Indian_Territory" title="United States Court for the Indian Territory">United States Court for the Indian Territory</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1895–1899</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Gill" title="Joseph A. Gill">Joseph A. Gill</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from Illinois</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1895</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Carroll_Robinson" title="James Carroll Robinson">James Carroll Robinson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vespasian_Warner" title="Vespasian Warner">Vespasian Warner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Illinois12 !"><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span> (1875–83)<br /><span data-sort-value="Illinois13 !"><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></span> (1883–95)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1871-1872</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1836-05-30</span>)</span>May 30, 1836<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Lebanon,_Indiana" title="New Lebanon, Indiana">New Lebanon, Indiana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 4, 1903<span style="display:none">(1903-12-04)</span> (aged 67)<br />Washington, D.C.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_William_McKendree_Springer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="William McKendree Springer's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Signature_of_William_McKendree_Springer.png/128px-Signature_of_William_McKendree_Springer.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Signature_of_William_McKendree_Springer.png/192px-Signature_of_William_McKendree_Springer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Signature_of_William_McKendree_Springer.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William McKendree Springer</b> (May 30, 1836 – December 4, 1903) was an American attorney and politician who represented <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> and served on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_for_the_Indian_Territory" title="United States Court for the Indian Territory">United States Court for the Indian Territory</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_McKendree_Springer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William McKendree Springer was born near <a href="/wiki/New_Lebanon,_Indiana" title="New Lebanon, Indiana">New Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Indiana" title="Sullivan County, Indiana">Sullivan County, Indiana</a>, on May 30, 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-Phi_Alpha_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phi_Alpha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later moved west to <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Illinois" title="Jacksonville, Illinois">Jacksonville, Illinois</a>, with his parents in 1848. He attended the local <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public schools</a> New Lebanon and Jacksonville.<sup id="cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress_Bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He attended the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_College" title="Illinois College">Illinois College</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Illinois" title="Jacksonville, Illinois">Jacksonville, Illinois</a> where he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Phi_Alpha_Literary_Society" title="Phi Alpha Literary Society">Phi Alpha Literary Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Phi_Alpha_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phi_Alpha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left the college after defending <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kansas-Nebraska_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas-Nebraska Act">Kansas-Nebraska Act</a> and finished a master's degree from <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington</a> in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked as a journalist, <a href="/wiki/Read_the_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Read the law">read the law</a>, and was admitted to the bar in 1859 or 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress_Bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EOHC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started his career in the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_McKendree_Springer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, he served as secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Constitution">Illinois State constitutional convention</a> meeting in 1862 .<sup id="cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress_Bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Legislature">Illinois Legislature</a> in 1860 and 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-Phi_Alpha_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phi_Alpha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the young age of 26 he briefly served as assistant secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also during the war, he objected to the constitutionality of <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income taxes</a> leading to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> case <i><a href="/wiki/Springer_v._United_States" title="Springer v. United States">Springer v. United States</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He traveled to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> between 1868 and 1871. After returning to America, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a> in Springfield during 1871 and 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress_Bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springer was first elected as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> in November 1874 to the <a href="/wiki/44th_United_States_Congress" title="44th United States Congress">44th United States Congress</a>. He took the oath of office the following March, and was reelected for nine 2-year terms in the late <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> (March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1895). In Washington, he was chairman of the House Committee on Expenditures in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a> (44th and 45th Congresses), Committee on Elections (46th Congresses), Committee on Expenditures in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> (48th Congress), Committee on Claims (49th Congress), Committee on Territories (50th Congress), Committee on Ways and Means (52nd Congress), Committee on Banking and Currency (53rd Congress).<sup id="cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress_Bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his time in Congress, he was involved in the investigation of election fraud during the <a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876 United States presidential election</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While on the Committee on Territories, Springer framed the bills that organized the new <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma Territory</a> in 1889 and 1890.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He also helped create the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_for_the_Indian_Territory" title="United States Court for the Indian Territory">United States Court for the Indian Territory</a>. Springer drafted a legislative amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Appropriations_Act" title="Indian Appropriations Act">Indian Appropriations Act</a> of 1890 which became known as the Springer Amendment and began the process of placing the former <a href="/wiki/Unassigned_Lands" title="Unassigned Lands">Unassigned Lands</a> of the Indian Territory within the federal public domain for later distribution to homesteaders.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_career_and_return_to_private_practice">Judicial career and return to private practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_McKendree_Springer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Judicial career and return to private practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After two decades of service in Washington, he was defeated for reelection in 1894 due to the split between <a href="/wiki/Gold_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Democrats">Gold Democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silverite" title="Silverite">Silver Democrats</a>. He was appointed by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> as a judge for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_for_the_Indian_Territory" title="United States Court for the Indian Territory">Northern District of the United States Court for the Indian Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1899, Springer left his judicial post to establish private law offices in both <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and Washington, D.C. He also worked for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Livestock_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Livestock Association (page does not exist)">National Livestock Association</a> as their capital affairs lobbyist, where he learned of the Kiowa Indian reserve's grasslands.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also represented the <a href="/wiki/Muscogee_Nation" title="Muscogee Nation">Muscogee Nation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EOHC_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOHC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1901, Springer was hired by numerous Indians from the <a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> Reservation to represent them in what became the federal court case of <i><a href="/wiki/Lone_Wolf_v._Hitchcock" title="Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock">Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock</a></i>, 187 U.S. 553 (1903).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Springer had aided in the writing of a memorial to <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> then 26th President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (1857-1919, served 1901-1909), protesting the 1900 Act that resulted from the <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome Agreement">Jerome Agreement</a> between the Indians from the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Reservation and the members of the <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome Commission">Jerome Commission</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome Agreement">Jerome Agreement</a>, the tribes of the K.C.A. Reservation ceded most of their lands to the United States federal government who would then open it up for allotment to white settlers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Lone Wolf asserted and Springer argued on his behalf in federal court that: </p> <ol><li>The Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians were fraudulently induced to sign the Jerome Agreement and those that did sign, did not fully understand its provisions vastly because, (like Lone Wolf), most of the Indians did not speak or understand very well of the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> and relied on interpreters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The Jerome Agreement was not signed by three-fourths of the adult male members of the tribes as required by the <a href="/wiki/Medicine_Lodge_Treaty" title="Medicine Lodge Treaty">Medicine Lodge Treaty</a>. Lone Wolf alleged that the total number of Indian males exceeded the number claimed by the Indian Agent and that the <a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 United States Census">1900 United States Census</a> showed there were 639 adult male members of the K.C.A. tribes on the reservation. Thus the Jerome Agreement was twenty-three signatures short of the required three-quarters majority amount.</li> <li>The K.C.A. tribes had protested the agreement from the beginning.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The version that was ratified by the U.S. Congress had been significantly altered and amended and the subsequent later changes made had not been resubmitted to the K.C.A. peoples for their approval. Judge Springer argued for Lone Wolf that the American Congress should not be able to unilaterally alter the provisions of the agreement without the Indians' mutual consent and thus the legislative Act should be rejected.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ol> <p>On July 22, 1901, Springer, who was also aided by fellow sympathetic attorneys Hays McMeehan, William C. Reeves, and Charles Porter Johnson, filed for a temporary restraining order and a permanent injunction halting the cession of territories and the opening of surplus lands after the members of the K.C.A. tribes had been given their individual allotments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The request for the restraining order was denied by U.S. Judge <a href="/wiki/Clinton_F._Irwin" title="Clinton F. Irwin">Clinton F. Irwin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Springer and his lawyer colleagues appealed to The Supreme Court for the District of Columbia in Washington where on June 21, 1901, Justice <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Coyle_Bradley" title="Andrew Coyle Bradley">Andrew Coyle Bradley</a> denied again the K.C.A.'s application for a temporary injunction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Springer appealed the District Court's decision to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia">U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia</a> where the decision in the lower courts was upheld once again on December 4, 1901, by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Alvey" title="Richard H. Alvey">Richard H. Alvey</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Finally, Springer, now aided by attorney <a href="/wiki/Hampton_L._Carson_(lawyer)" title="Hampton L. Carson (lawyer)">Hampton Carson</a> who was also hired by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rights_Association" title="Indian Rights Association">Indian Rights Association</a>, appealed to the full higher <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> and where once again, he was unsuccessful in his appeal. On January 5, 1903, in a unanimous decision, the High Court affirmed the lower Court of Appeals and upheld the original Congressional action. The Court rejected the Indians' and Springer - Carson's argument that Congress' action was an unfair taking under the <a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process Clause</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_of_the_United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a>. Justice <a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a> described the Indians as the wards of the nation and matters involving Indian lands were the sole jurisdiction of the Congress. So the Congress, therefore, had the power to abrogate the provisions of an Indian treaty, including the two million acres change.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Justice <a href="/wiki/John_M._Harlan" class="mw-redirect" title="John M. Harlan">John M. Harlan</a> concurred in the judgment. This case maintained that the federal government had always had plenary power over native tribes and could unilaterally abrogate Indian treaty rights despite the protests of the tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springer died at age 67 from <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> at his home in Washington, D.C., on December 4, 1903, with notices and obituaries in numerous national newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Cemetery" title="Oak Ridge Cemetery">Oak Ridge Cemetery</a>, at the state capital <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress_Bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_McKendree_Springer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Phi_Alpha-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Phi_Alpha_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phi_Alpha_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phi_Alpha_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qvUSAAAAIAAJ"><i>1845-1890. Catalogue of Phi Alpha Society ... Illinois College</i></a>. Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor. 1890. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1845-1890.+Catalogue+of+Phi+Alpha+Society+...+Illinois+College&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Tuttle%2C+Morehouse+%26+Taylor&rft.date=1890&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqvUSAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+McKendree+Springer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Congress_Bio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Congress_Bio_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/s000757">"Springer, William McKendree"</a>. <i>bioguide.congress.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bioguide.congress.gov&rft.atitle=Springer%2C+William+McKendree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fsearch%2Fbio%2Fs000757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+McKendree+Springer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EOHC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOHC_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreel2015" class="citation web cs1">Creel, Von Russell (October 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=SP019">"Springer, William McKendree"</a>. <i>okhistory.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Oklahoma_History_and_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture">The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=okhistory.org&rft.atitle=Springer%2C+William+McKendree&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft.aulast=Creel&rft.aufirst=Von+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.okhistory.org%2Fpublications%2Fenc%2Fentry%3Fentry%3DSP019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+McKendree+Springer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clark_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clark_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, Blue. <i>Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock: Treaty Rights and Indian Law at the End of the Nineteenth Century</i>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222012613/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/S/SP016.html">"Springer Amendment"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/S/SP016.html">the original</a> on February 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Springer+Amendment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.okstate.edu%2Fencyclopedia%2Fentries%2FS%2FSP016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+McKendree+Springer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1902/275">"Cases"</a>. <i>oyez.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oyez.org&rft.atitle=Cases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oyez.org%2Fcases%2F1902%2F275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+McKendree+Springer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkins, David. Reviews the book 'Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock: Treaty Rights and Indian Law at the End of the Nineteenth Century,' by Blue Clark. <i>American Indian Quarterly</i>; Fall 1998, Volume 22 Issue 4, page 528, 5p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67039770/springer-is-dead/">"Springer is Dead"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. Washington. December 4, 1903. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2021</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Springer+is+Dead&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1903-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F67039770%2Fspringer-is-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+McKendree+Springer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_McKendree_Springer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of a 1905 <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> article about "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Springer,_William_McKendree" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Springer, William McKendree">William McKendree Springer</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressS000757" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000757">"William McKendree Springer (id: S000757)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=William+McKendree+Springer+%28id%3A+S000757%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DS000757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+McKendree+Springer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/19953">William McKendree Springer</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Carroll_Robinson" title="James Carroll Robinson">James C. Robinson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Illinois12 !"><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 12th congressional district">Illinois's 12th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1875-1883 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_M._Riggs" title="James M. Riggs">James M. Riggs</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_C._Smith" title="Dietrich C. Smith">Dietrich C. Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Illinois13 !"><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 13th congressional district">Illinois's 13th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1883-1895 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vespasian_Warner" title="Vespasian Warner">Vespasian Warner</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Ways_and_Means_chairs" title="Template:US House Ways and Means chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Ways_and_Means_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Ways and Means chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Ways_and_Means_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Ways and Means chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Ways and Means</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Fitzsimons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Loughton_Smith" title="William Loughton Smith">W. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Goodloe_Harper" title="Robert Goodloe Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Griswold" title="Roger Griswold">Griswold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Clay" title="Joseph Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">G. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayles_Eppes" title="John Wayles Eppes">Eppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Bacon" title="Ezekiel Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon_Cheves" title="Langdon Cheves">Cheves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayles_Eppes" title="John Wayles Eppes">Eppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lowndes_(congressman)" title="William Lowndes (congressman)">Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">S. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McDuffie" title="George McDuffie">McDuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulian_C._Verplanck" title="Gulian C. Verplanck">Verplanck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_C._Cambreleng" title="Churchill C. Cambreleng">Cambreleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I._McKay" title="James I. McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_F._Vinton" title="Samuel F. Vinton">Vinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Bayly" title="Thomas H. Bayly">Bayly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_D._Campbell" title="Lewis D. Campbell">L. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Glancy_Jones" title="J. Glancy Jones">J. G. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Phelps" title="John S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Schenck" title="Robert C. Schenck">Schenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ralls_Morrison" title="William Ralls Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Randolph_Tucker_(politician)" title="J. Randolph Tucker (politician)">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Kelley" title="William D. Kelley">Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ralls_Morrison" title="William Ralls Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">R. Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyne_Wilson" title="William Lyne Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Dingley_Jr." title="Nelson Dingley Jr.">Dingley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_E._Payne" title="Sereno E. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Fordney" title="Joseph W. Fordney">Fordney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Green" title="William R. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_C._Hawley" title="Willis C. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Collier_(politician)" title="James Collier (politician)">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Doughton" title="Robert L. Doughton">Doughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Knutson" title="Harold Knutson">Knutson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Doughton" title="Robert L. Doughton">Doughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Reed_(politician)" title="Daniel A. Reed (politician)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jere_Cooper" title="Jere Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Mills" title="Wilbur Mills">W. Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ullman" title="Al Ullman">Ullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">Rostenkowski</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gibbons" title="Sam Gibbons">Gibbons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Archer" title="Bill Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Thomas" title="Bill Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rangel" title="Charles Rangel">Rangel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">Levin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">Johnson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Jason Smith (American politician)">J. Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates acting chairman</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Financial_Services_chairs" title="Template:US House Financial Services chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Financial_Services_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Financial Services chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Financial_Services_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Financial Services chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">Chairs of the United States House Committee on Financial Services</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_M._Pomeroy" title="Theodore M. Pomeroy">Pomeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Maynard" title="Horace Maynard">Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Cox" title="Samuel S. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylett_Hawes_Buckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Aylett Hawes Buckner">Buckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crapo" title="William W. Crapo">Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylett_Hawes_Buckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Aylett Hawes Buckner">Buckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriah_Wilkins" title="Beriah Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Emery_Dorsey" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington Emery Dorsey">Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bacon_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Bacon (New York)">Bacon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_Henry_Brosius" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriott Henry Brosius">Brosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_N._Fowler" title="Charles N. Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Vreeland" title="Edward B. Vreeland">Vreeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Pujo" title="Arsène Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Phelan" title="Michael Francis Phelan">Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Platt" title="Edmund Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomas_McFadden" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Thomas McFadden">McFadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Steagall" title="Henry B. Steagall">Steagall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_P._Wolcott" title="Jesse P. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_P._Wolcott" title="Jesse P. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Patman" title="Wright Patman">Patman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">Reuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_St._Germain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernand St. Germain">St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Henry B. González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Leach" title="Jim Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Oxley" title="Mike Oxley">Oxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Bachus" title="Spencer Bachus">Bachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">Hensarling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McHenry" title="Patrick McHenry">McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Hill_(politician)" title="French Hill (politician)">Hill</a> (designate)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6799284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6799284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6799284#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/26123500">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87825753">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007364398605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000757">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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