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class="mw-page-title-main">Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="উন্মুক্ত প্রবেশাধিকার প্রকাশনা বিষয়ে বেথেসদা বিবৃতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উন্মুক্ত প্রবেশাধিকার প্রকাশনা বিষয়ে বেথেসদা বিবৃতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaraci%C3%B3_de_Bethesda_sobre_publicacions_d%27acc%C3%A9s_obert" title="Declaració de Bethesda sobre publicacions d'accés obert – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Declaració de Bethesda sobre publicacions d'accés obert" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethesda_Statement_on_Open_Access_Publishing" title="Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B7%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B4%CE%AC_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Διακήρυξη της Βηθεσδά για την Εκδοτική Δραστηριότητα Ανοικτής Πρόσβασης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διακήρυξη της Βηθεσδά για την Εκδοτική Δραστηριότητα Ανοικτής Πρόσβασης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichiarazione_di_Bethesda_sull%27editoria_ad_accesso_aperto" title="Dichiarazione di Bethesda sull'editoria ad accesso aperto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dichiarazione di Bethesda sull'editoria ad accesso aperto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethesda_Open_Access_Verklaring" title="Bethesda Open Access Verklaring – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bethesda Open Access Verklaring" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83_%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing</b> is a 2003 statement which defines the concept of <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> and then supports that concept. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statement">Statement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bethesda_Statement_on_Open_Access_Publishing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Statement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 11 April 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hughes_Medical_Institute" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute">Howard Hughes Medical Institute</a> held a meeting for 24 people to discuss better access to scholarly literature.<sup id="cite_ref-crawford_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group made a definition of an open access publication as one which grants a "free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit, and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship" and from which every article is "deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bethesda_Statement_on_Open_Access_Publishing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Open_Access_Initiative" title="Budapest Open Access Initiative">Budapest Open Access Initiative</a> (BOAI) and the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_on_Open_Access_to_Knowledge_in_the_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities">Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities</a>, the Bethesda Statement established "open access" as the term to describe initiatives to make research more widely and easily available.<sup id="cite_ref-crawford_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bethesda Statement builds on the BOAI by saying how users will enact open access.<sup id="cite_ref-bailey_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bailey-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, open access practitioners will put content online with a license granting rights for reuse including the right to make derivative works.<sup id="cite_ref-bailey_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bailey-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BOAI does not mention derivative works.<sup id="cite_ref-bailey_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bailey-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bethesda_Statement_on_Open_Access_Publishing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-crawford-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crawford_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crawford_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2011" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Walt (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openaccesswhatyo0000craw/page/11"><i>Open access : what you need to know now</i></a>. Chicago: American Library Association. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openaccesswhatyo0000craw/page/11">11–15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780838911068" title="Special:BookSources/9780838911068"><bdi>9780838911068</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Open+access+%3A+what+you+need+to+know+now&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=11-15&rft.pub=American+Library+Association&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780838911068&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Walt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fopenaccesswhatyo0000craw%2Fpage%2F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABethesda+Statement+on+Open+Access+Publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm">Statement on Open Access Publishing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311105112/http://www.earlham.edu/%7Epeters/fos/bethesda.htm">Archived</a> 2012-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O._Brown" title="Patrick O. Brown">Patrick O. Brown</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diane_Cabell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diane Cabell (page does not exist)">Diane Cabell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aravinda_Chakravarti" title="Aravinda Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Cohen" title="Barbara Cohen">Barbara Cohen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Delamothe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Delamothe (page does not exist)">Tony Delamothe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Eisen" title="Michael Eisen">Michael Eisen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Grivell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Grivell (page does not exist)">Les Grivell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Gu%C3%A9don" title="Jean-Claude Guédon">Jean-Claude Guédon</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._Scott_Hawley" title="R. Scott Hawley">R. Scott Hawley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard K. Johnson (page does not exist)">Richard K. Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_W._Kirschner" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc W. Kirschner">Marc W. Kirschner</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Lipman" class="mw-redirect" title="David Lipman">David Lipman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_P._Lutzker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold P. Lutzker (page does not exist)">Arnold P. Lutzker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Marincola" title="Elizabeth Marincola">Elizabeth Marincola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Richard J. Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_M._Rubin" title="Gerald M. Rubin">Gerald M. Rubin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schloegl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Schloegl (page does not exist)">Robert Schloegl</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivian_Siegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivian Siegel (page does not exist)">Vivian Siegel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_D._So&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony D. So (page does not exist)">Anthony D. So</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Suber" title="Peter Suber">Peter Suber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Harold E. Varmus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Velterop" title="Jan Velterop">Jan Velterop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Walport" title="Mark Walport">Mark Walport</a>, and Linda Watson. 20 June 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bailey-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bailey_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bailey_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bailey_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey_Jr.2006" class="citation web cs1">Bailey Jr., Charles W. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306045039/http://www.digital-scholarship.org/cwb/WhatIsOA.htm">"What Is Open Access?"</a>. <i>digital-scholarship.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digital-scholarship.org/cwb/WhatIsOA.htm">the original</a> on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital-scholarship.org&rft.atitle=What+Is+Open+Access%3F&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Bailey+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Charles+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digital-scholarship.org%2Fcwb%2FWhatIsOA.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABethesda+Statement+on+Open+Access+Publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bethesda_Statement_on_Open_Access_Publishing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Open_access_navbox" title="Template:Open access navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Open_access_navbox" title="Template talk:Open access navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Open_access_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Open access navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Open_access" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_open_access" title="History of open access">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_open-access_movement" title="Timeline of the open-access movement">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre"><i>Gratis</i> versus <i>libre</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">Subscription business model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscribe_to_Open" title="Subscribe to Open">Subscribe to Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">Paywall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_transfer_agreement" title="Copyright transfer agreement">Copyright transfer agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">Academic journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">Scientific journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuscript_(publishing)" title="Manuscript (publishing)">Manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_processing_charge" title="Article processing charge">Article processing charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predatory_publishing" title="Predatory publishing">Predatory publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Open_Access_Initiative" title="Budapest Open Access Initiative">Budapest Open Access Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_on_Open_Access_to_Knowledge_in_the_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities">Berlin Declaration</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bethesda Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Declaration_on_Research_Assessment" title="San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment">DORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Statement_on_Open_Access_to_Legal_Scholarship" title="Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarship">Durham Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Declaration_on_the_Future_of_the_World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization">Geneva Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIH_Public_Access_Policy" title="NIH Public Access Policy">NIH Public Access Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Works_Act" title="Research Works Act">Research Works Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-archiving" title="Self-archiving">Self-archiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-access_mandate" title="Open-access mandate">Open-access mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-access_repository" title="Open-access repository">Open-access repository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_open-access_journal" title="Hybrid open-access journal">Hybrid open-access journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delayed_open-access_journal" title="Delayed open-access journal">Delayed open-access journal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cost_of_Knowledge" title="The Cost of Knowledge">The Cost of Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_of_Open_Access_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory of Open Access Books">Directory of Open Access Books</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOAB" class="extiw" title="ca:DOAB">ca</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOAB:_Directory_of_Open_Access_Books" class="extiw" title="es:DOAB: Directory of Open Access Books">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_of_Open_Access_Journals" title="Directory of Open Access Journals">Directory of Open Access Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Open_Citations" title="Initiative for Open Citations">Initiative for Open Citations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Access_Scholarly_Publishing_Association" title="Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association">Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAIRE" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenAIRE">OpenAIRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Archives_Initiative" title="Open Archives Initiative">Open Archives Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">Open Knowledge Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">Open Society Foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_S" title="Plan S">Plan S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Library of Science">Public Library of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Knowledge_Project" title="Public Knowledge Project">Public Knowledge Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Open_Access_Repositories" title="Registry of Open Access Repositories">Registry of Open Access Repositories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Australia" title="Open access in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Austria" title="Open access in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Belgium" title="Open access in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Canada" title="Open access in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Denmark" title="Open access in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_France" title="Open access in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Germany" title="Open access in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Greece" title="Open access in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Hungary" title="Open access in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_India" title="Open access in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Open access in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Italy" title="Open access in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_the_Netherlands" title="Open access in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_New_Zealand" title="Open access in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Norway" title="Open access in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Poland" title="Open access in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Portugal" title="Open access in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Russia" title="Open access in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_South_Africa" title="Open access in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Spain" title="Open access in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Sweden" title="Open access in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Ukraine" title="Open access in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_to_Knowledge_movement" title="Access to Knowledge movement">Access to Knowledge movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access2Research" title="Access2Research">Access2Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">List of open-access journals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">Open content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_data" title="Open data">Open data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_education" title="Open education">Open education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_government" title="Open government">Open government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_knowledge" title="Open knowledge">Open knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science" title="Open science">Open science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source-software_movement" title="Open-source-software movement">Open source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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