de Souza, Polycarpe

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loading="lazy" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="p-12 m-4 mb-8 bg-white sm:p-0 sm:m-0"> <p class="text-center sm:text-left text-[23px] leading-[35px] mb-6"> 1697 — 1757 </p> <h1 class="text-grayBrand-text font-freight-serif text-[3rem] font-semibold text-center sm:text-left normal-case mb-6" style="text-shadow:none;"> Polycarpe de Souza </h1> <h2 class="text-19 mt-4 font-normal leading-[1.3] text-center sm:text-left">First bishop in Beijing following the banning of Christianity by the Qing emperor Yongzheng.</h2> <p class="text-lg text-black/50 leading-[1.4] font-freight-sans pt-3"> <i class="fa fa-map-marker fa-fw text-salmonBrand-light"></i>  <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/en/places/beijing/">Beijing</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="max-w-screen-sm px-4 py-24 mx-auto bg-white sm:px-0"> <div class=""> <div class="prose prose-xl"> <p>De Souza joined the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1712. In 1724 Emperor Yongzheng banned Christianity and deported all missionaries to Macau, except those in the calendrical bureau and others working in Beijing who were housed in the South Church, East Church, and North Church. In 1726 the Portuguese king, John V, officially sent Allexande Metello to China. Accompanying him were three Portuguese Jesuits, one of whom was de Souza. They were granted audiences with Yongzheng in Beijing on 28 May and 8 Jul 1727.</p><p>Before leaving Beijing on 16 Jul, Metello recommended the three Jesuits with expertise in calendrical matters to the emperor, who subsequently hired them. De Souza engaged in clandestine religious work and learned of his appointment as bishop of Beijing (Episcopus Pekinensis) on 19 Dec 1740. He was consecrated in Macau and returned to Beijing.</p><p>In 1742 Pope Clement XIV issued the final bull prohibiting the practice of Chinese rites, the Ex Quo Singulari. De Souza announced it only in 1744 through a pastoral letter and notices in the three churches in Beijing, after strong urging from the Vatican.</p> </div>  </div> <h3 class="mt-8 border-t pt-4 font-semibold leading-[1.3] mb-4">Attribution</h3> <div class="prose font-freight-sans text-grayBrand-600"> <p>This article is reproduced, with permission, from <i>A Dictionary of Asian Christianity</i>, copyright 2001 by Scott W. Sunquist, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan. All rights reserved.</p> </div> <h3 class="mt-8 border-t pt-4 font-semibold leading-[1.3] mb-4">Sources</h3> <div class="prose font-freight-sans text-grayBrand-600"> <ul class="list-decimal marker:text-[#374151]"><li>Goodrich, L. Carrington, <i>Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1386-1644</i> (1976).</li></ul> </div> <h3 class="mt-8 border-t pt-4 font-semibold leading-[1.3] mb-4 border-double border-t-4">About the Author</h3> <div class="flex flex-row items-center gap-6"> <div> <p class="mb-3 font-freight-sans leading-[22px]"> <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/en/contributors/china-group/" class="text-blueBrand">China Group</a> </p> <div class="prose font-freight-sans text-grayBrand-600 leading-[22px]"> <p>A Collaboration of China Scholars</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="bg-grayBrand-100"> <div id="Storycards" class="storyCards type-system-traditional"> <h3 class="pt-12 text-center uppercase">Other Stories</h3> <div class="bg-grayBrand-100 pb-16"> <div class="container"> <div class="grid w-full grid-cols-1 gap-8 pt-20 pb-8 mx-auto lg:gap-12 max-w-906 xl:max-w-screen-xl xs:grid-cols-2 sm:grid-cols-3 md:grid-cols-3 xl:grid-cols-4"> <div class="border border-black/[.08] bg-white flex flex-col 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Hunter </h2> <p class="mb-2 font-semibold leading-snug text-grayBrand-light text-14"> 1861 — 1946 </p> <p>China Inland Mission missionary in Turkestan.</p> </div> </a> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  </div> </section> </main> <footer> <footer class="py-20 bg-white"> <div class="container"> <div class="grid flex-row w-full grid-cols-1 gap-8 lg:flex"> <div class="w-full lg:w-1/4"></div>  <div class="flex flex-col justify-center w-full lg:w-1/2"> <ul class="flex flex-row justify-center gap-6 font-freight-sans" aria-label="Footer Navigation"> <li> <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/en/" class="font-bold hover:underline"> Home </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/en/our-story/" class="font-bold hover:underline"> About </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/" class="font-bold hover:underline"> Stories </a> </li> </ul>  <p class="mt-2 text-sm text-center font-freight-sans"> &copy 2005-2024 Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity </p> </div>  <div class="w-full lg:w-1/4"> </div>  </div>  </div>  </footer> </footer>  <script src="/assets/js/plyr.min.js?1729517262"></script> <script src="/assets/js/scripts.combined.js?1729517262"></script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","author":{"@id":"https://www.bdcconline.net/#identity"},"copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://www.bdcconline.net/#identity"},"copyrightYear":"2015","creator":{"@id":"#creator"},"dateCreated":"2024-08-01T11:18:19-04:00","dateModified":"2024-09-11T11:34:05-04:00","datePublished":"2015-01-02T12:16:00-05:00","description":"In 1724 Emperor Yongzheng banned Christianity and deported all missionaries to Macau, except those in the calendrical bureau and others working in Beijing who were housed in the South Church, East Church, and North Church. 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