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test</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Chi Square test"> <meta name="keywords" content="Chi Square test"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Chi Square test"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10330</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Chi Square test</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10330</span> Study on the Impact of Size and Position of the Shear Field in Determining the Shear Modulus of Glulam Beam Using Photogrammetry Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niaz%20Gharavi">Niaz Gharavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hexin%20Zhang"> Hexin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The shear modulus of a timber beam can be determined using torsion test or shear field test method. The shear field test method is based on shear distortion measurement of the beam at the zone with the constant transverse load in the standardized four-point bending test. The current code of practice advises using two metallic arms act as an instrument to measure the diagonal displacement of the constructing square. The size and the position of the constructing square might influence the shear modulus determination. This study aimed to investigate the size and the position effect of the square in the shear field test method. A binocular stereo vision system has been employed to determine the 3D displacement of a grid of target points. Six glue laminated beams were produced and tested. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed on the acquired data to evaluate the significance of the size effect and the position effect of the square. The results have shown that the size of the square has a noticeable influence on the value of shear modulus, while, the position of the square within the area with the constant shear force does not affect the measured mean shear modulus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20field%20test%20method" title="shear field test method">shear field test method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural-sized%20test" title=" structural-sized test"> structural-sized test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus%20of%20Glulam%20beam" title=" shear modulus of Glulam beam"> shear modulus of Glulam beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photogrammetry%20approach" title=" photogrammetry approach"> photogrammetry approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90264/study-on-the-impact-of-size-and-position-of-the-shear-field-in-determining-the-shear-modulus-of-glulam-beam-using-photogrammetry-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10329</span> Investigating the Effects of Data Transformations on a Bi-Dimensional Chi-Square Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandru%20George%20Vaduva">Alexandru George Vaduva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Vlad"> Adriana Vlad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan%20Badea"> Bogdan Badea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we conduct a Monte Carlo analysis on a two-dimensional χ2 test, which is used to determine the minimum distance required for independent sampling in the context of chaotic signals. We investigate the impact of transforming initial data sets from any probability distribution to new signals with a uniform distribution using the Spearman rank correlation on the χ2 test. This transformation removes the randomness of the data pairs, and as a result, the observed distribution of χ2 test values differs from the expected distribution. We propose a solution to this problem and evaluate it using another chaotic signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20signals" title="chaotic signals">chaotic signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20map" title=" logistic map"> logistic map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pearson%E2%80%99s%20test" title=" Pearson’s test"> Pearson’s test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Square%20test" title=" Chi Square test"> Chi Square test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bivariate%20distribution" title=" bivariate distribution"> bivariate distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20independence" title=" statistical independence"> statistical independence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161938/investigating-the-effects-of-data-transformations-on-a-bi-dimensional-chi-square-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10328</span> Classification Earthquake Distribution in the Banda Sea Collision Zone with Point Process Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Wattimanela">H. J. Wattimanela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20S.%20Passaribu"> U. S. Passaribu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20T.%20Puspito"> N. T. Puspito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Indratno"> S. W. Indratno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banda Sea collision zone (BSCZ) of is the result of the interaction and convergence of Indo-Australian plate, Eurasian plate and Pacific plate. This location in the eastern part of Indonesia. This zone has a very high seismic activity. In this research, we will be calculated rate (λ) and Mean Square Eror (MSE). By this result, we will identification of Poisson distribution of earthquakes in the BSCZ with the point process approach. Chi-square test approach and test Anscombe made in the process of identifying a Poisson distribution in the partition area. The data used are earthquakes with Magnitude ≥ 6 SR and its period 1964-2013 and sourced from BMKG Jakarta. This research is expected to contribute to the Moluccas Province and surrounding local governments in performing spatial plan document related to disaster management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molluca%20banda%20sea%20collision%20zone" title="molluca banda sea collision zone">molluca banda sea collision zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquakes" title=" earthquakes"> earthquakes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20square%20error" title=" mean square error"> mean square error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poisson%20distribution" title=" poisson distribution"> poisson distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chi-square%20test" title=" chi-square test"> chi-square test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anscombe%20test" title=" anscombe test"> anscombe test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39817/classification-earthquake-distribution-in-the-banda-sea-collision-zone-with-point-process-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10327</span> Examining the Relationship between Chi-Square Test Statistics and Skewness of Weibull Distribution: Simulation Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafida%20M.%20Elobaid">Rafida M. Elobaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the literature on goodness-of-fit test try to provide a theoretical basis for studying empirical distribution functions. Such goodness-of-fit tests are Kolmogorove-Simirnov and Crumer-Von Mises Type tests. However, it is likely that most of literature has not focused in details on the relationship of the values of the test statistics and skewness or kurtosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of the values of the χ2 test statistic with the variation of the skewness of right skewed distribution. A simulation study is conducted to generate random numbers from Weibull distribution. For a fixed sample sizes, different levels of skewness are considered, and the corresponding values of the χ2 test statistic are calculated. Using different sample sizes, the results show an inverse relationship between the value of χ2 test and the level of skewness for Wiebull distribution, i.e the value of χ2 test statistic decreases as the value of skewness increases. The research results also show that with large values of skewness we are more confident that the data follows the assumed distribution. Nonparametric Kendall τ test is used to confirm these results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goodness-of-fit%20test" title="goodness-of-fit test">goodness-of-fit test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chi-square%20test" title=" chi-square test"> chi-square test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20right%20skewed%20distributions" title=" continuous right skewed distributions"> continuous right skewed distributions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43635/examining-the-relationship-between-chi-square-test-statistics-and-skewness-of-weibull-distribution-simulation-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10326</span> A Study on Shear Field Test Method in Timber Shear Modulus Determination Using Stereo Vision System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niaz%20Gharavi">Niaz Gharavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hexin%20Zhang"> Hexin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the structural timber design, the shear modulus of the timber beam is an important factor that needs to be determined accurately. According to BS EN 408, shear modulus can be determined using torsion test or shear field test method. Although torsion test creates pure shear status in the beam, it does not represent the real-life situation when the beam is in the service. On the other hand, shear field test method creates similar loading situation as in reality. The latter method is based on shear distortion measurement of the beam at the zone with the constant transverse load in the standardized four-point bending test as indicated in BS EN 408. Current testing practice code advised using two metallic arms act as an instrument to measure the diagonal displacement of the constructing square. Timber is not a homogenous material, but a heterogeneous and this characteristic makes timber to undergo a non-uniform deformation. Therefore, the dimensions and the location of the constructing square in the area with the constant transverse force might alter the shear modulus determination. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the shape, size, and location of the square in the shear field test method. A binocular stereo vision system was developed to capture the 3D displacement of a grid of target points. This approach is an accurate and non-contact method to extract the 3D coordination of targeted object using two cameras. Two group of three glue laminated beams were produced and tested by the mean of four-point bending test according to BS EN 408. Group one constructed using two materials, laminated bamboo lumber and structurally graded C24 timber and group two consisted only structurally graded C24 timber. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed on the acquired data to evaluate the significance of size and location of the square in the determination of shear modulus of the beam. The results have shown that the size of the square is an affecting factor in shear modulus determination. However, the location of the square in the area with the constant shear force does not affect the shear modulus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20field%20test%20method" title="shear field test method">shear field test method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BS%20EN%20408" title=" BS EN 408"> BS EN 408</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20shear%20modulus" title=" timber shear modulus"> timber shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photogrammetry%20approach" title=" photogrammetry approach "> photogrammetry approach </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85208/a-study-on-shear-field-test-method-in-timber-shear-modulus-determination-using-stereo-vision-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10325</span> Study on Bending Characteristics of Square Tube Using Energy Absorption Part</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama">Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zefry%20Darmawan"> Zefry Darmawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the square tube subjected to the bending load, the rigidity of the entire square tube is reduced when a collapse occurs due to local stress concentration. Therefore, in this research, the influence of bending load on the square tube with attached energy absorbing part was examined and reported. The analysis was conducted by using Finite Element Method (FEM) to produced bending deflection and buckling points. Energy absorption was compared from rigidity of attached part and square tube body. Buckling point was influenced by the rigidity of attached part and the thickness rate of square tube. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorber" title="energy absorber">energy absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20tube" title=" square tube"> square tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigidity" title=" rigidity"> rigidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64216/study-on-bending-characteristics-of-square-tube-using-energy-absorption-part" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10324</span> The Behavior of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Sand Loaded by Squair Footing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhiaadin%20Bahaadin%20Noory">Dhiaadin Bahaadin Noory</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research involves the effect of both sizes of reinforced zone and the amount of polypropylene fiber reinforcement on the structural behavior of model-reinforced sand loaded by square footing. The ratio of the side of the square reinforced zone to the footing width (W/B) and the ratio of the square reinforced zone depth to footing width (H/B) has been varied from one to six and from one to three, respectively. The tests were carried out on a small-scale laboratory model in which uniform-graded sand was used as a fill material. It was placed in a highly dense state by hitting a thin wooden board placed on the sand surface with a hammer. The sand was reinforced with randomly oriented discrete fibrillated polypropylene fibers. The test results indicated a significant increase in the bearing capacity and stiffness of the subgrade and a modification of load–the settlement behavior of sand with the size of the reinforced zone and amount of fiber reinforcement. On the basis of the present test results, the optimal side width and depth of the reinforced zone were 4B and 2B, respectively, while the optimal percentage of fibers was 0.4%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20footing" title="square footing">square footing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene%20fibers" title=" polypropylene fibers"> polypropylene fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title=" bearing capacity"> bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20settlement%20behavior" title=" load settlement behavior"> load settlement behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20density" title=" relative density"> relative density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183354/the-behavior-of-polypropylene-fiber-reinforced-sand-loaded-by-squair-footing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10323</span> The Effect of Fetal Movement Counting on Maternal Antenatal Attachment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20G%C3%BCney">Esra Güney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuba%20U%C3%A7ar"> Tuba Uçar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: This study has been conducted for the purpose of determining the effects of fetal movement counting on antenatal maternal attachment. Material and Method: This research was conducted on the basis of the real test model with the pre-test /post-test control groups. The study population consists of pregnant women registered in the six different Family Health Centers located in the central Malatya districts of Yeşilyurt and Battalgazi. When power analysis is done, the sample size was calculated for each group of at least 55 pregnant women (55 tests, 55 controls). The data were collected by using Personal Information Form and MAAS (Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale) between July 2015-June 2016. Fetal movement counting training was given to pregnant women by researchers in the experimental group after the pre-test data collection. No intervention was applied to the control group. Post-test data for both groups were collected after four weeks. Data were evaluated with percentage, chi-square arithmetic average, chi-square test and as for the dependent and independent group’s t test. Result: In the MAAS, the pre-test average of total scores in the experimental group is 70.78±6.78, control group is also 71.58±7.54 and so there was no significant difference in mean scores between the two groups (p>0.05). MAAS post-test average of total scores in the experimental group is 78.41±6.65, control group is also is 72.25±7.16 and so the mean scores between groups were found to have statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that fetal movement counting increases the maternal antenatal attachments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenatal%20maternal%20attachment" title="antenatal maternal attachment">antenatal maternal attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fetal%20movement%20counting" title=" fetal movement counting"> fetal movement counting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=midwifery" title=" midwifery"> midwifery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57377/the-effect-of-fetal-movement-counting-on-maternal-antenatal-attachment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10322</span> Time Parameter Based for the Detection of Catastrophic Faults in Analog Circuits </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabi%20Abderrazak">Arabi Abderrazak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bourouba%20Nacerdine"> Bourouba Nacerdine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayad%20Mouloud"> Ayad Mouloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belaout%20Abdeslam"> Belaout Abdeslam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new test technique of analog circuits using time mode simulation is proposed for the single catastrophic faults detection in analog circuits. This test process is performed to overcome the problem of catastrophic faults being escaped in a DC mode test applied to the inverter amplifier in previous research works. The circuit under test is a second-order low pass filter constructed around this type of amplifier but performing a function that differs from that of the previous test. The test approach performed in this work is based on two key- elements where the first one concerns the unique square pulse signal selected as an input vector test signal to stimulate the fault effect at the circuit output response. The second element is the filter response conversion to a square pulses sequence obtained from an analog comparator. This signal conversion is achieved through a fixed reference threshold voltage of this comparison circuit. The measurement of the three first response signal pulses durations is regarded as fault effect detection parameter on one hand, and as a fault signature helping to hence fully establish an analog circuit fault diagnosis on another hand. The results obtained so far are very promising since the approach has lifted up the fault coverage ratio in both modes to over 90% and has revealed the harmful side of faults that has been masked in a DC mode test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20circuits" title="analog circuits">analog circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20faults%20diagnosis" title=" analog faults diagnosis"> analog faults diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20faults" title=" catastrophic faults"> catastrophic faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title=" fault detection"> fault detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38309/time-parameter-based-for-the-detection-of-catastrophic-faults-in-analog-circuits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10321</span> Simulation of Growth and Yield of Rice Under Irrigation and Nitrogen Management Using ORYZA2000</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Esmaeilzad%20Limoudehi">Mojtaba Esmaeilzad Limoudehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate the model ORYZA2000, under the management of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization experiment, a split plot with a randomized complete block design with three replications on hybrid cultivars (spring) in the 1388-1387 crop year was conducted at the Rice Research Institute. Permanent flood irrigation as the main plot in the fourth level, around 5 days, from 11 days to 8 days away, and the four levels of nitrogen fertilizer as the subplots 0, 90, 120, and 150 kg N Ha were considered. Simulated and measured values of leaf area index, grain yield, and biological parameters using the regression coefficient, t-test, the root mean square error (RMSE), and normalized root mean square error (RMSEn) were performed. Results, the normalized root mean square error of 10% in grain yield, the biological yield of 9%, and 23% of maximum LAI was determined. The simulation results show that grain yield and biological ORYZA2000 model accuracy are good but do not simulate maximum LAI well. The results show that the model can support ORYZA2000 test results and can be used under conditions of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title="evaluation">evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fertilizer" title=" nitrogen fertilizer"> nitrogen fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20ORYZA2000" title=" model ORYZA2000"> model ORYZA2000</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173917/simulation-of-growth-and-yield-of-rice-under-irrigation-and-nitrogen-management-using-oryza2000" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10320</span> Monte Carlo Estimation of Heteroscedasticity and Periodicity Effects in a Panel Data Regression Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nureni%20O.%20Adeboye">Nureni O. Adeboye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawud%20A.%20Agunbiade"> Dawud A. Agunbiade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research attempts to investigate the effects of heteroscedasticity and periodicity in a Panel Data Regression Model (PDRM) by extending previous works on balanced panel data estimation within the context of fitting PDRM for Banks audit fee. The estimation of such model was achieved through the derivation of Joint Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test for homoscedasticity and zero-serial correlation, a conditional LM test for zero serial correlation given heteroscedasticity of varying degrees as well as conditional LM test for homoscedasticity given first order positive serial correlation via a two-way error component model. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for 81 different variations, of which its design assumed a uniform distribution under a linear heteroscedasticity function. Each of the variation was iterated 1000 times and the assessment of the three estimators considered are based on Variance, Absolute bias (ABIAS), Mean square error (MSE) and the Root Mean Square (RMSE) of parameters estimates. Eighteen different models at different specified conditions were fitted, and the best-fitted model is that of within estimator when heteroscedasticity is severe at either zero or positive serial correlation value. LM test results showed that the tests have good size and power as all the three tests are significant at 5% for the specified linear form of heteroscedasticity function which established the facts that Banks operations are severely heteroscedastic in nature with little or no periodicity effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit%20fee%20lagrange%20multiplier%20test" title="audit fee lagrange multiplier test">audit fee lagrange multiplier test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heteroscedasticity" title=" heteroscedasticity"> heteroscedasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagrange%20multiplier%20test" title=" lagrange multiplier test"> lagrange multiplier test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte-Carlo%20scheme" title=" Monte-Carlo scheme"> Monte-Carlo scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodicity" title=" periodicity"> periodicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107813/monte-carlo-estimation-of-heteroscedasticity-and-periodicity-effects-in-a-panel-data-regression-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10319</span> Automating Test Activities: Test Cases Creation, Test Execution, and Test Reporting with Multiple Test Automation Tools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loke%20Mun%20Sei">Loke Mun Sei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software testing has become a mandatory process in assuring the software product quality. Hence, test management is needed in order to manage the test activities conducted in the software test life cycle. This paper discusses on the challenges faced in the software test life cycle, and how the test processes and test activities, mainly on test cases creation, test execution, and test reporting is being managed and automated using several test automation tools, i.e. Jira, Robot Framework, and Jenkins. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20automation%20tools" title="test automation tools">test automation tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20case" title=" test case"> test case</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20execution" title=" test execution"> test execution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20reporting" title=" test reporting"> test reporting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31605/automating-test-activities-test-cases-creation-test-execution-and-test-reporting-with-multiple-test-automation-tools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10318</span> A Review on the Perception of Beşiktaş Public Square</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neslinur%20Hizli">Neslinur Hizli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berrak%20Kirba%C5%9F%20Aky%C3%BCrek"> Berrak Kirbaş Akyürek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Beşiktaş, one of the historical coastal district of İstanbul, is on the very edge of the radical transformation because of an approaching ‘Beşiktaş Public Square Project’. At this juncture, due its location, presence on the coast, population density and distance to the other centers of the city, the decisions to be taken are critical to whole Istanbul that will be majorly affected from this transformation. As the new project aims to pedestrianize the area by placing the vehicular traffic under the ground, Beşiktaş and its square will change from top to bottom. Among those considerations, through the advantages and disadvantages the perception of the existing conditions of the Beşiktaş play significant role. The motive of this paper is the lack of determination and clarity on the cognition of the Square. After brief analysis on the historical transformation of the area, prominent studies on the criteria of public square are revised. Through cognitive mapping methodology, characteristics of the Square and the public space in general find a place to discuss from individual views. This study aims to discuss and review Beşiktaş Public Square from perspective, mind and behavior of the users. Cognitive map study with thirty subjects (30) is evaluated and categorized upon the five elements that Kevin Lynch defined as the images of the city. The results obtained digitized and represented with tables and graphs. Findings of the research underline the crucial issues on the approaching change in Beşiktaş. Thus, this study may help to develop comprehensive ideas and new suggestions on the Square. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F%20public%20square" title="Beşiktaş public square">Beşiktaş public square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20map" title=" cognitive map"> cognitive map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20space" title=" public space"> public space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71611/a-review-on-the-perception-of-besiktas-public-square" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10317</span> Strategies of Spatial Optimization for Open Space in the Old-Age Friendly City: An Investigation of the Behavior of the Elderly in Xicheng Square in Hangzhou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunxiang%20Fang">Yunxiang Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the aging trend continuing to accelerate, open space is important for the daily life of the elderly, and its old-age friendliness is worthy of attention. Based on behavioral observation and literature research, this paper studies the behavior of the elderly in urban open space. Through the investigation, classification and quantitative analysis of the activity types, time characteristics and spatial behavior order of the elderly in Xicheng Square in Hangzhou, it summarizes the square space suitable for the psychological needs, physiology and activity needs of the elderly, combined with the basis of literature research. Finally, the suggestions for the improvement of the old-age friendship of Xicheng Square are put forward, from the aspects of microclimate, safety and accessibility, space richness and service facility quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20characteristics" title="behavior characteristics">behavior characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=old-age%20friendliness" title=" old-age friendliness"> old-age friendliness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20space" title=" open space"> open space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square" title=" square"> square</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102097/strategies-of-spatial-optimization-for-open-space-in-the-old-age-friendly-city-an-investigation-of-the-behavior-of-the-elderly-in-xicheng-square-in-hangzhou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10316</span> Evolution of Multimodulus Algorithm Blind Equalization Based on Recursive Least Square Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sardar%20Ameer%20Akram%20Khan">Sardar Ameer Akram Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahzad%20Amin%20Sheikh"> Shahzad Amin Sheikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blind equalization is an important technique amongst equalization family. Multimodulus algorithms based on blind equalization removes the undesirable effects of ISI and cater ups the phase issues, saving the cost of rotator at the receiver end. In this paper a new algorithm combination of recursive least square and Multimodulus algorithm named as RLSMMA is proposed by providing few assumption, fast convergence and minimum Mean Square Error (MSE) is achieved. The excellence of this technique is shown in the simulations presenting MSE plots and the resulting filter results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blind%20equalizations" title="blind equalizations">blind equalizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20modulus%20algorithm" title=" constant modulus algorithm"> constant modulus algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-modulus%20algorithm" title=" multi-modulus algorithm"> multi-modulus algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recursive%20%20least%20square%20algorithm" title=" recursive least square algorithm"> recursive least square algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20amplitude%20modulation%20%28QAM%29" title=" quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)"> quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24704/evolution-of-multimodulus-algorithm-blind-equalization-based-on-recursive-least-square-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">644</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10315</span> The Effect of Teaching Science Strategies Curriculum and Evaluating on Developing the Efficiency of Academic Self in Science and the Teaching Motivation for the Student Teachers of the Primary Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20M.%20Al-Hussan">Amani M. Al-Hussan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study aimed to explore the effects of science teaching strategies course (CURR422) on developing academic self efficacy and motivation towards teaching it in female primary classroom teachers in College of Education in Princess Nora Bint AbdulRahman University. The study sample consisted (48) female student teachers. To achieve the study aims, the researcher designed two instruments: Academic Self Efficacy Scale & Motivation towards Teaching Science Scale while maintaining the validity and reliability of these instruments.. Several statistical procedures were conducted i.e. Independent Sample T-test, Eta Square, Cohen D effect size. The results reveal that there were statistically significant differences between means of pre and post test for the sample in favor of post test. For academic self efficacy scale, Eta square was 0.99 and the effect size was 27.26. While for the motivation towards teaching science scale, Eta was 0.99 and the effect size was 51.72. These results indicated high effects of independent variable on the dependent variable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20self%20efficiency" title="academic self efficiency">academic self efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievement" title=" achievement"> achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20classroom%20teacher" title=" primary classroom teacher"> primary classroom teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20teaching%20strategies%20course" title=" science teaching strategies course"> science teaching strategies course</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation "> evaluation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23413/the-effect-of-teaching-science-strategies-curriculum-and-evaluating-on-developing-the-efficiency-of-academic-self-in-science-and-the-teaching-motivation-for-the-student-teachers-of-the-primary-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10314</span> A Study of Rapid Replication of Square-Microlens Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-Ting%20Wen">Ting-Ting Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ruey%20Tsai"> Jung-Ruey Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports a method for the replication of micro-scale structures. By using electromagnetic force-assisted imprinting system with magnetic soft stamp written square-microlens cavity, a photopolymer square-microlens structures can be rapidly fabricated. Under the proper processing conditions, the polymeric square-microlens structures with feature size of width 100.3um and height 15.2um across a large area can be successfully fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface profiler observations confirm that the micro-scale polymer structures are produced without defects or distortion and with good pattern fidelity over a 60x60mm2 area. This technique shows great potential for the efficient replication of the micro-scale structure array at room temperature and with high productivity and low cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square-microlens%20structures" title="square-microlens structures">square-microlens structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20force-assisted%20imprinting" title=" electromagnetic force-assisted imprinting"> electromagnetic force-assisted imprinting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20soft%20stamp" title=" magnetic soft stamp"> magnetic soft stamp</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43652/a-study-of-rapid-replication-of-square-microlens-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10313</span> Behavior Study of Concrete-Filled Thin-Walled Square Hollow Steel Stub Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostefa%20Mimoune">Mostefa Mimoune</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Test results on concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns under axial compression are presented. The study was mainly focused on square hollow section SHS columns; 27 columns were tested. The main experimental parameters considered were the thickness of the tube, columns length and cross section sizes. Existing design codes and theoretical model were used to predict load-carrying capacities of composite section to compare the accuracy of the predictions by using the recommendations of DTR-BC (Algerian code), CSA (Canadian standard), AIJ, EC4, DBJ, AISC, BS and EC4. Experimental results indicate that the studied parameters have significant influence on both the compressive load capacity and the column failure mode. All codes used in the comparison, provide higher resistance compared to those of tests. Equation method has been suggested to evaluate the axial capacity of the composite section seem to be in agreement with tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20loading" title="axial loading">axial loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20section" title=" composite section"> composite section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete-filled%20steel%20tubes" title=" concrete-filled steel tubes"> concrete-filled steel tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20hollow%20section" title=" square hollow section "> square hollow section </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15413/behavior-study-of-concrete-filled-thin-walled-square-hollow-steel-stub-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10312</span> Open Fields' Dosimetric Verification for a Commercially-Used 3D Treatment Planning System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashaat%20A.%20Deiab">Nashaat A. Deiab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aida%20Radwan"> Aida Radwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elnagdy"> Mohamed Elnagdy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Yahiya"> Mohamed S. Yahiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Moustafa"> Rasha Moustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is to evaluate and investigate the dosimetric performance of our institution's 3D treatment planning system, Elekta PrecisePLAN, for open 6MV fields including square, rectangular, variation in SSD, centrally blocked, missing tissue, square MLC and MLC shaped fields guided by the recommended QA tests prescribed in AAPM TG53, NCS report 15 test packages, IAEA TRS 430 and ESTRO booklet no.7. The study was performed for Elekta Precise linear accelerator designed for clinical range of 4, 6 and 15 MV photon beams with asymmetric jaws and fully integrated multileaf collimator that enables high conformance to target with sharp field edges. Seven different tests were done applied on solid water equivalent phantom along with 2D array dose detection system, the calculated doses using 3D treatment planning system PrecisePLAN, compared with measured doses to make sure that the dose calculations are accurate for open fields including square, rectangular, variation in SSD, centrally blocked, missing tissue, square MLC and MLC shaped fields. The QA results showed dosimetric accuracy of the TPS for open fields within the specified tolerance limits. However large square (25cm x 25cm) and rectangular fields (20cm x 5cm) some points were out of tolerance in penumbra region (11.38 % and 10.9 %, respectively). For the test of SSD variation, the large field resulted from SSD 125 cm for 10cm x 10cm filed the results recorded an error of 0.2% at the central axis and 1.01% in penumbra. The results yielded differences within the accepted tolerance level as recommended. Large fields showed variations in penumbra. These differences between dose values predicted by the TPS and the measured values at the same point may result from limitations of the dose calculation, uncertainties in the measurement procedure, or fluctuations in the output of the accelerator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title="quality assurance">quality assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose%20calculation" title=" dose calculation"> dose calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20treatment%20planning%20system" title=" 3D treatment planning system"> 3D treatment planning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photon%20beam" title=" photon beam"> photon beam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11429/open-fields-dosimetric-verification-for-a-commercially-used-3d-treatment-planning-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10311</span> Comparison Analysis of Multi-Channel Echo Cancellation Using Adaptive Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Mobeen">Sahar Mobeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Rafique"> Anam Rafique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irum%20Baig"> Irum Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acoustic echo cancellation in multichannel is a system identification application. In real time environment, signal changes very rapidly which required adaptive algorithms such as Least Mean Square (LMS), Leaky Least Mean Square (LLMS), Normalized Least Mean square (NLMS) and average (AFA) having high convergence rate and stable. LMS and NLMS are widely used adaptive algorithm due to less computational complexity and AFA used of its high convergence rate. This research is based on comparison of acoustic echo (generated in a room) cancellation thorough LMS, LLMS, NLMS, AFA and newly proposed average normalized leaky least mean square (ANLLMS) adaptive filters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMS" title="LMS">LMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLMS" title=" LLMS"> LLMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLMS" title=" NLMS"> NLMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFA" title=" AFA"> AFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANLLMS" title=" ANLLMS"> ANLLMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28829/comparison-analysis-of-multi-channel-echo-cancellation-using-adaptive-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10310</span> Nonuniformity Correction Technique in Infrared Video Using Feedback Recursive Least Square Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavio%20O.%20Torres">Flavio O. Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20J.%20Castilla"> Maria J. Castilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodrigo%20A.%20Augsburger"> Rodrigo A. Augsburger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20I.%20Cachana"> Pedro I. Cachana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katherine%20S.%20Reyes"> Katherine S. Reyes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a scene-based nonuniformity correction method using a modified recursive least square algorithm with a feedback system on the updates. The feedback is designed to remove impulsive noise contamination images produced by a recursive least square algorithm by measuring the output of the proposed algorithm. The key advantage of the method is based on its capacity to estimate detectors parameters and then compensate for impulsive noise contamination image in a frame by frame basics. We define the algorithm and present several experimental results to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in comparison to several previously published recursive least square-based methods. We show that the proposed method removes impulsive noise contamination image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20focal%20plane%20arrays" title="infrared focal plane arrays">infrared focal plane arrays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20imaging" title=" infrared imaging"> infrared imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20mean%20square" title=" least mean square"> least mean square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonuniformity%20correction" title=" nonuniformity correction"> nonuniformity correction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131681/nonuniformity-correction-technique-in-infrared-video-using-feedback-recursive-least-square-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10309</span> Ergonomical Study of Hand-Arm Vibrational Exposure in a Gear Manufacturing Plant in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar">Santosh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Muralidhar"> M. Muralidhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The term ‘ergonomics’ is derived from two Greek words: ‘ergon’, meaning work and ‘nomoi’, meaning natural laws. Ergonomics is the study of how working conditions, machines and equipment can be arranged in order that people can work with them more efficiently. In this research communication an attempt has been made to study the effect of hand-arm vibrational exposure on the workers of a gear manufacturing plant by comparison of potential Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) symptoms and effect of different exposure levels of vibration on occurrence of CTS in actual industrial environment. Chi square test and correlation analysis have been considered for statistical analysis. From Chi square test, it has been found that the potential CTS symptoms occurrence is significantly dependent on the level of vibrational exposure. Data analysis indicates that 40.51% workers having potential CTS symptoms are exposed to vibration. Correlation analysis reveals that potential CTS symptoms are significantly correlated with exposure to level of vibration from handheld tools and to repetitive wrist movements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTS%20symptoms" title="CTS symptoms">CTS symptoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand-arm%20vibration" title=" hand-arm vibration"> hand-arm vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20tests" title=" physical tests"> physical tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38245/ergonomical-study-of-hand-arm-vibrational-exposure-in-a-gear-manufacturing-plant-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10308</span> Investigation of Emotional Indicators of Schizophrenia Patients on Draw a Person Test in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakir%20Iqbal">Shakir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Aqeel"> Muhammad Aqeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asghar%20Ali%20Shah"> Asghar Ali Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftab%20Hussain"> Aftab Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was aimed to investigate and compare the emotional indicators of patients with schizophrenia on Draw a Person test in Pakistan. Draw a Person test was administered on a sample of 400 (Schizophrenia patients=200, Normal=200) age ranged from 20 to 50 years. The data was collected from two provinces of Pakistan (Punjab and Khyber Pakhtun Khwa). The sample was selected by the age levels. According to the Koppitz method of scoring a list of 40 Emotional indicators was selected that were derived from the literature review. It was found that 26 out of 40 emotional indicators (EIs) on Draw a Person test significantly differentiated between patients with schizophrenia and normal (healthy) population. Chi square analysis of the study indicated that 23 EIs were found significant at (p=.001) level, while three EIs were found significant at (P=.05) levels. It was also found that 9 exclusive and 4 frequent EIs on Human Figure Drawings may be significant diagnostic emotional indicators for schizophrenia. It was found that DAP test can be used as a diagnostic tool with the battery of psychological tests such as MCMI-III, MMPI, MSE, HTP for schizophrenia in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=draw%20a%20person%20test" title="draw a person test">draw a person test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20population" title=" normal population"> normal population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schizophrenia%20patients" title=" Schizophrenia patients"> Schizophrenia patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20sciences" title=" psychological sciences"> psychological sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5746/investigation-of-emotional-indicators-of-schizophrenia-patients-on-draw-a-person-test-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10307</span> Looking At Labor Trafficking In Poland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashlyn%20Smith">Ashlyn Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chloe%20Zampelli"> Chloe Zampelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Manna"> Vincent Manna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vernon%20Murray"> Vernon Murray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to Polaris (a UN affiliate), there are currently 44 million human trafficking victims globally. Using a sample of 137 labor trafficking victims in Poland, we found that all were Ukrainian citizens. We categorized victims according to the “Victim Intervention Marketing” (Murray) social marketing framework. The largest victim type consisted of “Willing Assimilators” (57%). This means they entered their particular trafficking situations without coercion and were left at will. Such victims are typically driven by financial desperation. Twenty percent (20%) of Willing Assimilators were men, and 80% were women. Victims who were not Willing Assimilators were forced as either “Enlightened Apostates” (37%) or “Tricked and Trapped” (7%). All of the forced victims were women. Crosstabs with Chi-square test (Pearson Chi-Square test significance = .002) results indicated that the male victims were all between 30 and 38 years old, while female victim ages ranged from 24 to 47. Accordingly, labor trafficking victim interventions in Poland should be age-sensitive and focus on three areas: 1) economic development for the Willing Assimilators, 2) training to identify fraudulent job postings, etc. for the Tricked and Trapped segment, and 3) training to equip potential victims to distrust certain close “loved ones” for the Enlightened Apostates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20trafficking" title=" labor trafficking"> labor trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20marketing" title=" social marketing"> social marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=victim%20intervention%20marketing" title=" victim intervention marketing"> victim intervention marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142988/looking-at-labor-trafficking-in-poland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10306</span> Tunable in Phase, out of Phase and T/4 Square-Wave Pulses in Delay-Coupled Optoelectronic Oscillators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jade%20Mart%C3%ADnez-Llin%C3%A0s">Jade Martínez-Llinàs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pere%20Colet"> Pere Colet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By exploring the possible dynamical regimes in a prototypical model for mutually delay-coupled OEOs, here it is shown that two mutually coupled non-identical OEOs, besides in- and out-of-phase square-waves, can generate stable square-wave pulses synchronized at a quarter of the period (T/4) in a broad parameter region. The key point to obtain T/4 solutions is that the two OEO operate with mixed feedback, namely with negative feedback in one and positive in the other. Furthermore, the coexistence of multiple solutions provides a large degree of flexibility for tuning the frequency in the GHz range without changing any parameter. As a result the two coupled OEOs system is good candidate to be implemented for information encoding as a high-capacity memory device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title="nonlinear optics">nonlinear optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronic%20oscillators" title=" optoelectronic oscillators"> optoelectronic oscillators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20waves" title=" square waves"> square waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronization" title=" synchronization"> synchronization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39791/tunable-in-phase-out-of-phase-and-t4-square-wave-pulses-in-delay-coupled-optoelectronic-oscillators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10305</span> Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using Different Adaptive Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Sharif">Hamid Sharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazish%20Saleem%20Abbas"> Nazish Saleem Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Haris%20Jamil"> Muhammad Haris Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An adaptive filter is a filter that self-adjusts its transfer function according to an optimization algorithm driven by an error signal. Because of the complexity of the optimization algorithms, most adaptive filters are digital filters. Adaptive filtering constitutes one of the core technologies in digital signal processing and finds numerous application areas in science as well as in industry. Adaptive filtering techniques are used in a wide range of applications, including adaptive noise cancellation and echo cancellation. Acoustic echo cancellation is a common occurrence in today’s telecommunication systems. The signal interference caused by acoustic echo is distracting to both users and causes a reduction in the quality of the communication. In this paper, we review different techniques of adaptive filtering to reduce this unwanted echo. In this paper, we see the behavior of techniques and algorithms of adaptive filtering like Least Mean Square (LMS), Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS), Variable Step-Size Least Mean Square (VSLMS), Variable Step-Size Normalized Least Mean Square (VSNLMS), New Varying Step Size LMS Algorithm (NVSSLMS) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithms to reduce this unwanted echo, to increase communication quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20acoustic" title="adaptive acoustic">adaptive acoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=echo%20cancellation" title=" echo cancellation"> echo cancellation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMS%20algorithm" title=" LMS algorithm"> LMS algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20filter" title=" adaptive filter"> adaptive filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20least%20mean%20square%20%28NLMS%29" title=" normalized least mean square (NLMS)"> normalized least mean square (NLMS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20step-size%20least%20mean%20square%20%28VSLMS%29" title=" variable step-size least mean square (VSLMS)"> variable step-size least mean square (VSLMS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167766/acoustic-echo-cancellation-using-different-adaptive-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10304</span> Use of Regression Analysis in Determining the Length of Plastic Hinge in Reinforced Concrete Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Alpaslan%20K%C3%B6ro%C4%9Flu">Mehmet Alpaslan Köroğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20Hakan%20Arslan"> Musa Hakan Arslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslu%20Kaz%C4%B1m%20K%C3%B6rez"> Muslu Kazım Körez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Basic objective of this study is to create a regression analysis method that can estimate the length of a plastic hinge which is an important design parameter, by making use of the outcomes of (lateral load-lateral displacement hysteretic curves) the experimental studies conducted for the reinforced square concrete columns. For this aim, 170 different square reinforced concrete column tests results have been collected from the existing literature. The parameters which are thought affecting the plastic hinge length such as cross-section properties, features of material used, axial loading level, confinement of the column, longitudinal reinforcement bars in the columns etc. have been obtained from these 170 different square reinforced concrete column tests. In the study, when determining the length of plastic hinge, using the experimental test results, a regression analysis have been separately tested and compared with each other. In addition, the outcome of mentioned methods on determination of plastic hinge length of the reinforced concrete columns has been compared to other methods available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=columns" title="columns">columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20hinge%20length" title=" plastic hinge length"> plastic hinge length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20analysis" title=" regression analysis"> regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7413/use-of-regression-analysis-in-determining-the-length-of-plastic-hinge-in-reinforced-concrete-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10303</span> On Strengthening Program of Sixty Years Old Dome Using Carbon Fiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humayun%20R.%20H.%20Kabir">Humayun R. H. Kabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A reinforced concrete dome-built 60 years ago- of circular shape of diameter of 30 m was in distressed conditions due to adverse weathering effects, such as high temperature, wind, and poor maintenance. It was decided to restore the dome to its full strength for future use. A full material strength and durability check including petrography test were conducted. It was observed that the concrete strength was in acceptable range, while bars were corroded more than 40% to their original configurations. Widespread cracks were almost in every meter square. A strengthening program with filling the cracks by injection method, and carbon fiber layup and wrap was considered. Ultra Sound Pulse Velocity (UPV) test was conducted to observe crack depth. Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) test was conducted to observe internal bar conditions and internal cracks. Finally, a load test was conducted to certify the carbon fiber effectiveness, injection method procedure and overall behavior of dome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dome" title="dome">dome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening%20program" title=" strengthening program"> strengthening program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fiber" title=" carbon fiber"> carbon fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20test" title=" load test"> load test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76188/on-strengthening-program-of-sixty-years-old-dome-using-carbon-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10302</span> Evaluating the Validity of the Combined Bedside Test in Diagnosing Juvenile Myasthenia Gravis (2012-2024)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pechpailin%20Kortnoi">Pechpailin Kortnoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanitnun%20Paprad"> Tanitnun Paprad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired neuromuscular transmission due to antibodies against nicotinic receptors, leading to muscle weakness, ptosis, and respiratory issues. The incidence of MG has risen globally, emphasizing the need for effective diagnostics. Objective: This study evaluates the validity of a combined bedside test (the ice pack test and fatigability test) for diagnosing juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG) in pediatric patients with ptosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from January 2012 to May 2024 at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand, included pediatric patients (1 month to 18 years) with ptosis undergoing ice pack and fatigability tests. Data included demographics, clinical findings, and test results. Diagnostic efficacy was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, NPV, Fagan Nomogram, Kappa Statistics, and McNemar’s Chi-Square. Results: Of 43 identified patients, 32 were included, with 47% male and a mean age of 7 years. The combined bedside test had high sensitivity (92.8%) and accuracy (87.5%) but moderate specificity (50%). It significantly outperformed the ice pack test (P = 0.0005), which showed low sensitivity (42.8%) and accuracy (43.8%). The fatigability test had 82% sensitivity and 92% PPV. Confirmatory tests (AChR-Ab, MuSK-Ab, neostigmine, repetitive nerve stimulation) supported most diagnoses. Conclusions: The combined bedside test, with high sensitivity (92.8%) and accuracy (87.5%), is an effective screening tool for juvenile myasthenia gravis, outperforming the ice pack test. Integrating it into clinical practice may improve diagnosis and enable timely treatment. The fatigability test (82% sensitivity) is also useful as an adjunct screening tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myasthenia%20gravis%20%28MG%29" title="myasthenia gravis (MG)">myasthenia gravis (MG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20ice%20pack%20test" title=" the ice pack test"> the ice pack test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20fatigability%20test" title=" the fatigability test"> the fatigability test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20combined%20bedside%20test" title=" the combined bedside test"> the combined bedside test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194871/evaluating-the-validity-of-the-combined-bedside-test-in-diagnosing-juvenile-myasthenia-gravis-2012-2024" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10301</span> Analysis of Space Requirements of Chinese Square-Dancing Space through Newspaper Reports</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaobing%20Liu">Xiaobing Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Zhang"> Bo Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaolong%20Zhao"> Xiaolong Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The square-dancing is one of the most popular new physical activities in China in recent years, which has become a hotspot of Chinese landscape research. This paper collects 749 news reports from four authoritative newspapers in Harbin for 3 years, and probes into the space use needs of participants and non-participants of square-dancing. In this paper, the research results are compared with the contents of three related planning and design codes in China, and some modification or supplementary suggestions are proposed from three aspects, such as decision-making process, total-quantity control, and site design. Different from the traditional research, this research does not use the data from interviews and the questionnaires, but uses the traditional media report content for analyzing. To some extent, it avoids the research result being excessively subjective, enhances objectivity and the authority. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape" title=" landscape"> landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20design" title=" space design"> space design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square-dancing" title=" square-dancing"> square-dancing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82754/analysis-of-space-requirements-of-chinese-square-dancing-space-through-newspaper-reports" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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