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Pol铆tica, societat i cultura dels Pa茂sos Catalans</a></p> <p><a href="/historia-de-la-generalitat-de-catalunya-i-dels-seus-presidents?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4799">Hist貌ria de la Generalitat de Catalunya i els seus presidents</a></p> <p><a href="/lluis-companys-president-de-catalunya?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4815">Llu铆s Companys, president de Catalunya</a></p> <h3>Llengua</h3> <p><a href="/llibre-estil-enciclopedia-catalana?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4795">Llibre d'estil</a></p> <h3>Medicina</h3> <p><a href="/enciclopedia-de-medicina-i-salut?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=68">Enciclop猫dia de medicina i salut</a></p> <h3>Natura i ecologia</h3> <p><a href="/biosfera?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4805">Biosfera</a></p> <p><a href="/historia-natural-dels-paisos-catalans?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4807">Hist貌ria natural dels Pa茂sos Catalans</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-searchmobile" class="display-none block-btn-search block block-block-content block-block-contentac4dbdb1-34a3-422e-a808-b34ca42c0aa2"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><a class="btn-search" href="#"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-exposed-form block-cerca-home justify-content-center bk-gray-50 block block-views block-views-exposed-filter-blockcerca-gec-solr-page-1" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-cerca-gec-solr-page-1" id="block-exposedformcerca-gec-solrpage-1-2"> <div class="content"> <form action="/cerca/gec" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-cerca-gec-solr-page-1" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-row"> <fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-search-api-autocomplete form-type-search-api-autocomplete js-form-item-search-api-fulltext form-item-search-api-fulltext form-no-label form-group"> <input placeholder="Cerca" data-drupal-selector="edit-search-api-fulltext" data-search-api-autocomplete-search="cerca_gec_solr" class="form-autocomplete form-control" data-autocomplete-path="/search_api_autocomplete/cerca_gec_solr?display=page_1&&filter=search_api_fulltext" type="text" id="edit-search-api-fulltext" name="search_api_fulltext" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" /> </fieldset> <fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-select form-type-select js-form-item-field-faceta-cerca-1 form-item-field-faceta-cerca-1 form-no-label form-group"> <select data-drupal-selector="edit-field-faceta-cerca-1" id="edit-field-faceta-cerca-1" name="field_faceta_cerca_1" class="form-select custom-select"><option value="All" selected="selected">- Tot -</option><option value="938">Gran enciclop猫dia catalana</option><option value="87">Aprendre a aprendre</option><option value="4773">Art de Catalunya</option><option value="4796">Atles de la diversitat</option><option value="4806">Atles de la pres猫ncia catalana al m贸n</option><option value="4814">Atles electoral Segona Republica a Catalunya</option><option value="4805">Biosfera</option><option value="4811">Caixes i bancs de Catalunya</option><option value="4765">Catalunya rom脿nica</option><option value="4800">Comarques de Catalunya</option><option value="4769">Del rom脿 al rom脿nic</option><option value="1218">Diccionari de la literatura catalana</option><option value="1225">Diccionari del cinema a Catalunya</option><option value="1162">Diccionari dels partits pol铆tics de Catalunya, segle XX</option><option value="1219">Diccionari d鈥檋istoriografia catalana</option><option value="4816">El Modernisme</option><option value="68">Enciclop猫dia de medicina i salut</option><option value="4774">Enciclop猫dia tem脿tica PROA</option><option value="1001">Esportp猫dia</option><option value="4770">F脿briques i empresaris</option><option value="1224">Gran enciclop猫dia de la m煤sica</option><option value="4799">Hist貌ria de la Generalitat de Catalunya i dels seus presidents</option><option value="4813">Hist貌ria econ貌mica de la Catalunya contempor脿nia</option><option value="4807">Hist貌ria natural dels Pa茂sos Catalans</option><option value="4809">Hist貌ria. Pol铆tica, societat i cultura dels Pa茂sos Catalans</option><option value="4795">Llibre d鈥檈stil d鈥橢nciclop猫dia Catalana</option><option value="4815">Llu铆s Companys, president de Catalunya</option><option value="4808">L鈥橝rt g貌tic a Catalunya</option><option value="4812">T猫cnics i tecnologia en el desenvolupament de la Catalunya contempor脿nia</option><option value="4981">Temes d鈥檃ctualitat</option><option value="4777">Tradicionari</option></select> </fieldset> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-group" id="edit-actions--3"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-cerca-gec-solr" type="submit" id="edit-submit-cerca-gec-solr" value="Cerca" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-primary form-control" /> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </section> </nav> </header> <div class="highlighted"> <aside class="container-fluid section clearfix" role="complementary"> <section class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback 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block-views-blockfitxa-tecnica-block-6" id="block-views-block-fitxa-tecnica-block-6"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="work-sidebar view view-fitxa-tecnica view-id-fitxa_tecnica view-display-id-block_6 js-view-dom-id-28a66a0927784d508f449b4d97194f2b633d0f5a2ee06abefe7adda137435ec3"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><h1> llac<div class="work-sidebar view view-fitxa-tecnica view-id-fitxa_tecnica view-display-id-block_10 js-view-dom-id-68024290178e565e2002a6a7ef5608147aee40b81fb83aba4f780968694e8c86"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> </div> </div> </div> </h1></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockfitxa-tecnica-block-13" id="block-views-block-fitxa-tecnica-block-13"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="work-sidebar view view-fitxa-tecnica view-id-fitxa_tecnica view-display-id-block_13 js-view-dom-id-3b865579fd55751eec1d9068ca8b530cfce1a35c8cfc59eb49d1a5e70afea602"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-view"><div class="field-content altnamenou"><div class="view view-alternative-name-nou- view-id-alternative_name_nou_ view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-95dc5eb39681e54317fe0d303eb623eded26f8d7d9e983bfe686b7843a32ebd8"> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockfitxa-tecnica-block-9" id="block-views-block-fitxa-tecnica-block-9"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="work-sidebar view view-fitxa-tecnica view-id-fitxa_tecnica view-display-id-block_9 js-view-dom-id-6087bc7afb7097cd1c56b765b8eca6fb5d08dbd58cdd3deea56a17850e15c7f3"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-views-conditional-field"><span class="field-content">lago (es), lake (en)</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockfitxa-tecnica-cos-block-6" id="block-gec-views-block-fitxa-tecnica-cos-block-6"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="view view-fitxa-tecnica-cos view-id-fitxa_tecnica_cos view-display-id-block_6 js-view-dom-id-e9bcad1f548cf68f682c6a40f5ebd210851710b1ef458d4f47dc8a02fda9adec"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-view"><span class="field-content"><div class="view view-fitxa-tecnica-cos view-id-fitxa_tecnica_cos view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-16cdb21a7b98a702f67dfb97b7c5f56a8fced47aaa8e0d64cd85598a5573bf29"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <span class="views-field views-field-field-text-a-mostrar"><span class="field-content"><span data-toggle="tooltip" tabindex="0" data-placement="left" title="mascul铆"><strong>m</strong></span></span></span> </div> </div> </div> </span></div><div class="views-field views-field-view-1"><span class="field-content"><div class="view view-fitxa-tecnica-cos view-id-fitxa_tecnica_cos view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-53a843eeb2dc142cb36d6b13b50e013241103d043e012bd22233a320e63bfdf4"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> </div> </div> </div> </span></div><div class="views-field views-field-view-2"><span class="field-content"><div class="view view-fitxa-tecnica-cos view-id-fitxa_tecnica_cos view-display-id-block_4 js-view-dom-id-2183bd19ecbcf237e10f9ad25fbe6de43f5ec9d49366b321cd2daa52a73b821e"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> </div> </div> </div> </span></div><div class="views-field views-field-view-3"><span class="field-content"><div class="view view-fitxa-tecnica-cos view-id-fitxa_tecnica_cos view-display-id-block_3 js-view-dom-id-1b2ee6b5433ff200e0657487720d37b7bd7c5b57cedd43cd49ecf5a72fa800c2"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> </div> </div> </div> </span></div><div class="views-field views-field-view-4"><span class="field-content"><div class="view view-fitxa-tecnica-cos view-id-fitxa_tecnica_cos view-display-id-block_5 js-view-dom-id-ef779059c246173186f920129b7fe0e4b9859681575773a8022780845ee896a1"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-faceta-cerca-materia"><div class="field-content">Hidrografia</div></div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockfitxa-tecnica-block-11" id="block-views-block-fitxa-tecnica-block-11"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="work-sidebar view view-fitxa-tecnica view-id-fitxa_tecnica view-display-id-block_11 js-view-dom-id-7f1579acdcbfbdf50a0f56973caff5f317cc18c1e59fc5af70ce29b5206a2661"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-views-conditional-field"><span class="field-content"><div class="mediagroup"><div xml:id="FOTO_6507322" class="div-figure-media"> <img class="div-graphic" src="/sites/default/files/media/FOTO/26005.jpg" /></div> <p class="div-caption">Llac</p> <p class="div-credits">漏 Fototeca.cat-Corel</p></div></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-brief"><div class="field-content"><p>Acumulaci贸 d鈥檃igua, d鈥檃lguna extensi贸, situada en una depressi贸 a l鈥檌nterior dels continents.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><div class="field-content"><p><def type="full" opt="false"></def></p> <div1 org="uniform" part="N" sample="complete"><p> Hom calcula l鈥檈xtensi贸 total de tots els llacs actualment existents en uns 2,5 milions de km<span class="div-sup">2</span>, que suposen un 2% de la superf铆cie total de la Terra. Malgrat llur escassa extensi贸, els llacs han adquirit recentment una gran import脿ncia, entre altres raons per llur inter猫s ecol貌gic. En aquest sentit s鈥檋a desenvolupat, paral路lelament a la limnologia, una nova ci猫ncia, l鈥檃q眉icultura, molt desenvolupada al Jap贸, on hom obt茅, amb els seus principis, elevats rendiments en la producci贸 de peixos, mariscs i algues. La cria de peixos en llacs, badines i pantans naturals o artificials 茅s important en llocs d鈥檜na gran densitat de poblaci贸, on poden produir-se fins a 1.250 kg per hect脿rea de peixos herb铆vors. On la densitat de poblaci贸茅s baixa i sense tanta necessitat de recursos alimentaris, els llacs tenen import脿ncia per a l鈥檈sport de la pesca, generalment de peixos carn铆vors, situats al final de les cadenes aliment脿ries, amb rendiments molt menors. Els llacs, des del punt de vista ecol貌gic, s贸n altament din脿mics, car els processos biol貌gics i erosius alteren progressivament els ecosistemes i la morfologia litoral. </p> <p> La construcci贸 de llacs artificials o pantans ha afavorit enormement el desenvolupament de regions deficit脿ries en recursos naturals d鈥檃igua. Aquests llacs beneficien tant l鈥檋ome com el paisatge, perqu猫 s贸n estabilitzadors dels cicles de nutrici贸 i regulen el cicle fluvial. Els llacs tenen una vida ef铆mera, si es compara amb la durada del cicle general erosiu, en el qual s贸n inclosos. Tots els llacs s贸n recents: s鈥檌niciaren durant el Quaternari. Solen 茅sser alimentats per rius o glaceres, que reben el nom d'<span class="div-italic">immissaris</span>, i desguassen mitjan莽ant uns altres rius, anomenats <span class="div-italic">emissaris</span>. Uns i altres poden mancar, i aleshores l鈥檃limentaci贸 i el desgu脿s del riu poden 茅sser subterranis, en cas de relleus c脿rstics, o l鈥檃igua pot perdre's per evaporaci贸, en regions endorreiques. La superf铆cie i la profunditat dels llacs 茅s molt variable (n'hi ha d鈥檜na gran superf铆cie: la mar C脿spia, amb 371.200 km<span class="div-sup">2</span>, els Grans Llacs, el Ladoga; quant a la profunditat, pot variar d鈥檜ns pocs metres a alguns centenars: el Baikal). </p> <p> L鈥檕rigen dels llacs 茅s divers i complex; en general, pot 茅sser degut a <span class="div-italic">fen貌mens glacials, tect貌nics, endorreics, c脿rstics, erosius</span> o <span class="div-italic">volc脿nics</span>. Els llacs d'<span class="div-italic">origen glacial</span> abunden a les regions circumpolars i a les altes muntanyes, i, en general, s贸n acumulacions d鈥檃igua degudes a les morenes terminals, que actuen com a barreres i retenen l鈥檃igua de fusi贸. Els llacs d'<span class="div-italic">origen tect貌nic</span> s贸n deguts a la formaci贸 de falles o fosses tect貌niques; n'茅s un exemple molt interessant el llac de Banyoles, que deu la seva g猫nesi a la combinaci贸 de dos tipus de factors: tect貌nics (falla de la Garrotxa) i c脿rstics, per tal com el llac s鈥檃ssenta sobre uns estrats de guix i en llur origen interv茅 la dissoluci贸 d鈥檃quests. Altres llacs d鈥檕rigen tect貌nic s贸n el Tanganyika, el Baikal, la mar Morta i les llacunes de la Janda i de Gallocanta. Els llacs d'<span class="div-italic">origen endorreic</span> s贸n situats a l鈥檌nterior de conques endorreiques i actuen com a receptors de la xarxa fluvial que les solca o, si aquesta hi manca, recullen els meteors aquosos que es precipiten a la conca. El cabal d鈥檃quests llacs 茅s molt variable, i dep猫n del r猫gim clim脿tic estacional. Un exemple de llac endorreic 茅s el llac Txad. Els llacs d'<span class="div-italic">origen c脿rstic</span> es formen per enfonsament del carst a les regions calc脿ries; les llacunes de Ruidera tenen aquest origen. Els <span class="div-italic">fen貌mens erosius i sedimentaris</span> poden formar diversos tipus de llacs. L鈥檈rosi贸 fluvial d贸na lloc a la formaci贸 de piles o marmites de gegant, d鈥檜na extensi贸, a vegades, comparable a la de les llacunes; la formaci贸 de toves calc脿ries determina, per exemple, la formaci贸 de la llacuna d鈥橴帽a (Conca). Llacs formats per <span class="div-italic">explosions volc脿niques i enfonsaments subseg眉ents</span> s贸n el Crater Lake d鈥橭regon (EUA) i el llac Posadilla (Ciudad Real). La desaparici贸 dels llacs 茅s deguda a dues causes: l鈥檈mplenament de la conca pels sediments i l鈥檈rosi贸 de les barreres que mantenen retinguda l鈥檃igua. Constitueix un exemple de llac desaparegut l鈥檃ctual conca de l鈥橢bre, que en el Terciari era un gran llac, el qual s鈥檃n脿 emplenant progressivament de sediments procedents de les cadenes muntanyoses que voregen la depressi贸, fins a la seva total desaparici贸 per evaporaci贸. </p> </div1></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-gec-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <article data-history-node-id="355482" role="article" about="/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/llac-4" class="node node--type-enciclopedia node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <header> </header> <div class="node__content clearfix"> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> </section> </main> <div class="sidebar_first sidebar col-md-2 order-first" id="sidebar_first"> <aside class="section" role="complementary"> <section class="region region-sidebar-first"> <div class="views-element-container portada-work-sidebar display-none block block-views 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