CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "sudantribune.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91494431cbd6fdae',cH: '_u01cMe0dzz.nmkvHMOVjqPob_SMlXjHO_qKCVr9eTk-1739999664-1.2.1.1-7rUsJADfAf9uUIXQYEK6rlXRT_8Q7JxiSAx1CzFDwWa2O6xDyrobqJbuFFnQRFPK',cUPMDTk: "\/article297453\/?__cf_chl_tk=t9UoFnHuAVafRB2vfNMw2_n0LoEOIEshs9V78c6Pr28-1739999664-1.0.1.1-Ubx3NiiYp6deaVRV.giVw129fSiX.SOAlaT0ICJxGww",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739999664',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/article297453\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=t9UoFnHuAVafRB2vfNMw2_n0LoEOIEshs9V78c6Pr28-1739999664-1.0.1.1-Ubx3NiiYp6deaVRV.giVw129fSiX.SOAlaT0ICJxGww",md: "AwsVHs7MhOaJrA4GXfxd7rqiKiEsvPx7_pAbEe1Wokw-1739999664-1.2.1.1-MNK52r77NhGFGPmt_dCv3vTTHdTfNKVpYf1.d9yPsB3kwu4XXdqbcqjkn_hh4ne1bazmMmJ.fURHIj6LKmjUxN6ADZemwkIy4v0L5AgdkGo0Rm1nlJesGY1W7uZOw5bFArpK0g4vTQhVEdzBeNlsM472qG7kdxHGPcNHI9dTLQCUHOk.RcrWgFej_Y_KucK7LDLWGMOXy4fc_TW2vwWiPd6iY7vIQqP2VjXJkXkufrBU9qc7fsVRqol1Ukn3_GGeQupJ2NYKAcsarG2gVnZqLR3X4FJI73Tn6Y3xQq7DzahXTkgmk_v.YtXR4s3Qem96zqrsxsHyAEL0dqvaMtMqFYauN5b1SfbqLmmUq6GzFR895mmpOIUciEX6sGG1tEKdruCVACzEv6MuHG8lblAUXDWcsWie5oXgDnbTb_kz7VVw7cV5FPR3uGzKbL.Yjd4RTk87CFis2puXAGX8VR5qdzmCmaszsZEaMopSWnd9Kg.StKM7k5fMGPclnpkTWAo1J3s94KPsIuoM_pg1VLWEudgha9wCCdCAQQJN3haaeV_PRQF59tQhIYlN0kNo5_2G9Fq.rDqXR3aj1dV_mSX_bznDV9OKUwOcul4b3.YgTr34RBjne6OLgtFxNJHl5bYXiN0mOL9fb.HdEcW4uAE1V2p_6qpq0Niuw7TRmv5BmrTxyIMaXphb1MqmG3kkBN41osVEPyJPKE09Brmj3SruFccZTwiY5FTsj7E6n3fxJKZQlDLZlqX0AHxhPVeo3ySXZoZWNCNDwPBScDZF_6ZFCFoBrAjkjG.LXhR6IOOdJ1Hg14YN1UBBKiwZCid8nMGXOXInv9RKGJKJlB6t3wkozcKAnXfE3DTqbU_tv6PTA2Di3LOiqPdq_w1yM6weu_87kvgEjH1fKe0mYoG2ssuSVMuVEtFn6lkjenYYn0J3D14mJJB5kgmBcg4l.O45FiPRBGlVzwg1VeBQK18yrdvElXEp3PSWFwZ6PDrNBqBxkyw7nwd2cYtTKKrOLBV2bRaBqnbeIamRlty4rEnjwx12pdXxUPt.6a_bbq401Z814CyQRyF1heUNuE3MyzFVUGytnObMOQDP3VM_GVyzCRbiQ4iLVMZqQ9Y0JV7YLT4m8IcAQHCSuSbdROFeDfOCv6Pt5F3XDPAxc2aFUbG7_s1X04lrlxQKThQ5JezzcAOSY9vNZWaG9lalIbqE6DwbR95fOk.5zR4i2cfiMZcJFm3cgPJhnjsh5rW1rB1iEt.59gUPjZB8cBgsl.7LSZb_C6QNySF7LgNfMxCJVdWyWdmW6SQZ7toErw5UBhSM804..6YaA07YGMSNtObM9pguP3hj6mFmosYdADhXJY5sTOxe31lkwpflKjVIWFyiVvk9eGM0aRS4NsVbzv30P5IyolaS7KRz8ayxyuKuZNgNxo8KZAggbynzRWxtic.iK3FmxMkG_q5TrZ2LiNImFyGC8Cydn1rwvqMHyrDPkOSiUZz6wAN.XmQG_pElSkgyOKoNFjy2CNMpN5Oa9fsC_R2A7aCGp1BCzS3hGGslHfuI3_MRI4NvymRUYxTgdxJM0MQqxerPMG8F9H6Se.jbI.nrng6713dhrcY6yeyRAGAeFIoFQudOYOw4QH3F1n8DH2SaluAYi5H.Vmi6yYJV8bgnWMaF9pw82EOHUcDzinFuhxDGGXT.BYCUA_9FvJtMNwoB357acqo_PhxzPnoOkZDYCXhfzFV3y7SqIQJhRTgmNPYP77HVCiwQxl.GgmgPzVSBDXUnGtAd7ojVcAb3gGUmFxnCT3tEun47LeFPzziL.K_XwcQE2hHW8N3ORIhnMWhdaGBSY2FnAHPt46n_F2LgLJVFegOhK9WZ445_oyG1BOgN6Y37uZFfsh_mhqZJVR9A6wSPaT2Rnkw2Bg27WnQG3Gc7CRHhL4oqZ3GsNDfQsekeNr_NuHjTaSWm_yobS6.x8nglp8CfVc6HdUULlWYJD2ZeRJXFqd05en5._Q453GAL1kXu1Ni4tKYlkEkUrNo1DmKco40Ch5KIcojdFQrFOGlN9fdht_Qwvgb820oc68bVkl7J8U0RiqpgwAxr0wolheWP5XwD3bzEvXa5WrmGQPw.YqD96hcZcbQu6CpwrXGZepHoGmrylrGJ_VvPLMF4gvwBkf1FYV_RfBpVv2GSHBxjT4NDbzIi.8jDuHEHXq8ZapmxelN9gVfTmw4vLQ2_8WJKsZA5EnR2YS5AsEQFXUhjzfdN9DrJbmkgaJLVoa7Hl6.70NO8rPiDFPhFwFlzOtIPqPPCKFCTEur8soSRRS4JPBY.FNU053XRilthiIVs7ygRTo8YI3hjbJwO4SeU4iEFBpu9XJYkpgEQZbIcLXGl0J7MkoITdZulMV8l_70oZ_MyW8EWDlCyiUnSbThe1Gf_pDtSCqIk53pT0FJLvedFCkzdK8Uf.6Zo_0o3yMdhlTIjxBbpRPTM0arMDMLcs0f1Lpvy8sbvSUtArc2ot7NaDo9Jrds53GRvbuGGMtQsxg",mdrd: "lwyUxLGl7BEdiMd9YoaXtXiYOKuanX4mqmLPmwEhbdo-1739999664-1.2.1.1-i1QKfQQhF79eCVRJfaVD9pte7AxrrczW82Fki.hLYEi8cm6Sf5gXRS_x32dzASUJMEhOz.eIyX6k0iSLG0o6s0NmvCJ1VoUlikUx7..VwiNKC45yS9pRRZajTRY.hNIc2T05BrXGDhaBGB13F58aOMFqVZCJbqNNQsTHrq64fHgN.L1QML9dzXs2FkF.S_Hq3cGQYCm_xnX.1AcLLE5WLfWBYB2M2XW6bcyS46v4.CZ.pex8t5UaLXBJSMUygkonXkcQ_aq_RlcRgEm4VSeMTFfBXzQnZtP0E5DB9S1BQNeAGjsGzeiqg4fcx6Ax.o.s3hR_qGlWJJ55ymBNKZBVLoNscBC_XyXuDM5iKONjEN96TDbMd1bt096KTljLFezDJmblh4hh0h3WGMckqFw7v1oF0KD2JK0ZR3tUvMVoNi7Khcc0T7cItaTU74_lR0S6K7DFVT86ZQa4z1hAH1Ekr5vpmfHhIthE0cQhPN7LeeOKCTVDiX6AS73cCUGiNjMT9dWiQh.6sKL0J1pi8mhn_Fx5mpdHn0fivtb9CHLVTOaFjjFw4TN_wVmJ_DzI8GmnpVCJPHBMEKcQvdIamOrjFVF0UZGZL7g2y0qk1joLWkbz24vQr3mKRVahlh2IdxIvZGEOVQZ.ka_G3rX.rwkijT70J_lN13sPryUmTzx5VVp2V3uWPwak1uBd0ydufu_YImZaVoRhLvyj.YHwBKqKVTUgTA0j9q7dKwlwJ4lSMJ55lJzd6wmLX6ftOpXaAdOMU5baDLmoJkv.O2025E214S2gQ9Wiqo2HFWm1s3m9CAjlYvEfWPliZa_PjPCafPI.OPTP_sRJv6_eFhxi8d959QAQvM2ufRyqYOkh.YmjxRzUt8H_8FVTMjOrmIyo.SU20Zd1ID26LuPbMCcZxO_WG.tmjFUbEx67A8_6psRrZDjDdlkFnU.flycwUYOd94XdusgjZ7K7BXxX_.OB7ItAYy4VEn980q.ARl4EMyQZBDUwsvTMgPKf5h6Qq7N3uSlySw24ctUmNApbUhV1XI27RgkmccNIsESnABU4zYmPDobszrL_vDitgfGJu0O2RAcnJsjme7fJmEnjzgfsepIxX1nDX_shJ63b2o0gTv6CflB6.Bdye6gu2h4ugpAlME9KnJwPgi4IDujWkBoAf81dCuQPsRDivwuQLIdjgq2PNJJMNpoWC.o8vjygFklmkNWxzAOkrer340iTws1Fgf_ElapG0n5nE0at8zQ7FTQcbM9uGoBcpkXZJo_.DtiFavt9rgV5Ln6HnftLP8d6fdr_oxB9i4rdDynafNaqPrh8EUSMc6Ls0AkqGr4QFGiOwBFjONUYPTsntZMpv5LqwGZKoo0dw3oKIf7s.QTPoaVFjCfh_40ZhTPxuA34YgKiRELZkx.98AP6lDIAJhcoev6Gmq0q5_oCSoD0Yw3_Tf9uMvrpuYJrOYsh2rleBkUwfJRDZcfp9VnVIzbCzEIZIlFIymEw23AXLXUmdjFyOPa0Pftwai1407rx.0k8xcH9JLPFK1sqaETYFN9H5wWsvhCG8EredmGSF78nM7BJ6OvdYFSHUDWAxZIIJPyz1QQfrOYxI_jevRsxBnBg96Fzhd0qBYevBGEAhJmba_7sO6_ZqDVDyAE7L8RLdXr4z6NaZ6Q.TOM4T87ULBC8_5VynlZAewu_um7CVTjDPepAu8HHYX565TSA43FpCi3ZBqVrhdIoxfwrP_m23H1WIdNoCBqngKpoG7.Ol461eVZpj2JKErufVXAiF2Ynn5krbrS5owC.EMOmXSqqKS_.11tFhZx9XOpfe4itp3Znj2v184QDg_B18vTTuR8xpFBj714Bbgc17IvoGRcysc2EZ3OTtFHylq15MpRGU7By4gGehtG3AYftQ261FSLcTdRAVRRHTXtng16.4TS.BvpnmZRXTRyehY3zjxonpeWA6awkK.3cMt0"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91494431cbd6fdae';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/article297453\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=t9UoFnHuAVafRB2vfNMw2_n0LoEOIEshs9V78c6Pr28-1739999664-1.0.1.1-Ubx3NiiYp6deaVRV.giVw129fSiX.SOAlaT0ICJxGww" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>