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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%AB-b%C5%8Dng-lio%CC%8Dk" title="Pī-bōng-lio̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pī-bōng-lio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memor%C3%A0ndum" title="Memoràndum – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Memoràndum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memo" title="Memo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Memo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μνημόνιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μνημόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memor%C3%A1ndum" title="Memorándum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memorándum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="تفهیم‌نامه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تفهیم‌نامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9morandum" title="Mémorandum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mémorandum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%A7%9D%EB%A1%9D" title="비망록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비망록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorando" title="Memorando – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Memorando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum_(surat_kabar)" title="Memorandum (surat kabar) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Memorandum (surat kabar)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8" title="מזכר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזכר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მემორანდუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მემორანდუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Меморандум – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Меморандум" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Меморандум – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Меморандум" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorands" title="Memorands – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Memorands" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alap%C3%ADt%C3%B3_okirat" title="Alapító okirat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alapító okirat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memo_(briefje)" title="Memo (briefje) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Memo (briefje)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%9A%E6%9B%B8" title="覚書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="覚書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promemoria" title="Promemoria – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Promemoria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorando" title="Memorando – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Memorando" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Меморандум (право) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Меморандум (право)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Memorandum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muistio" title="Muistio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muistio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promemoria" title="Promemoria – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Promemoria" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muht%C4%B1ra" title="Muhtıra – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhtıra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Меморандум – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Меморандум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_ghi_nh%E1%BB%9B" title="Bản ghi nhớ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bản ghi nhớ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%99%E5%BF%98%E9%8C%84" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Written message, typically in a professional setting</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Memorandum (disambiguation)">Memorandum (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Memoranda" redirects here. For the information manager software, see <a href="/wiki/Memoranda_(software)" title="Memoranda (software)">Memoranda (software)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6-00_PM_Energy_Meeting_(11-2-77)_-_NARA_-_142151.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/6-00_PM_Energy_Meeting_%2811-2-77%29_-_NARA_-_142151.tif/lossy-page1-220px-6-00_PM_Energy_Meeting_%2811-2-77%29_-_NARA_-_142151.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/6-00_PM_Energy_Meeting_%2811-2-77%29_-_NARA_-_142151.tif/lossy-page1-330px-6-00_PM_Energy_Meeting_%2811-2-77%29_-_NARA_-_142151.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/6-00_PM_Energy_Meeting_%2811-2-77%29_-_NARA_-_142151.tif/lossy-page1-440px-6-00_PM_Energy_Meeting_%2811-2-77%29_-_NARA_-_142151.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2568" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption>Memo written by a <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> staff member during the tenure of <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US president</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>memorandum</b> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>memorandums</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>memoranda</b>; from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>memorandum</i>, "(that) which is to be remembered"), also known as a <b>briefing note</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">written</a> <a href="/wiki/Message" title="Message">message</a> that is typically used in a professional setting. Commonly <a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviated</a> <i><b>memo</b></i>, these messages are usually brief and are designed to be easily and quickly understood. Memos can thus communicate important information efficiently in order to make dynamic and effective changes.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, a memorandum is a record of the terms of a transaction or contract, such as a policy memo, <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of agreement">memorandum of agreement</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_association" title="Memorandum of association">memorandum of association</a>. In business, a memo is typically used by firms for internal communication, while <a href="/wiki/Letter_(message)" title="Letter (message)">letters</a> are typically for external communication. </p><p>Other memorandum formats include briefing notes, reports, letters, and binders. They may be considered <a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">grey literature</a>. Memorandum formatting may vary by office or institution. For example, if the intended recipient is a <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">cabinet minister</a> or a senior executive, the format might be rigidly defined and limited to one or two pages. If the recipient is a colleague, the formatting requirements are usually more flexible.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policy_briefing_note">Policy briefing note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorandum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Policy briefing note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A specific type of memorandum is the <b>policy briefing note</b> (alternatively referred to in various jurisdictions and governing traditions as policy issues paper, policy memoranda, or cabinet submission amongst other terms), a document for transmitting <a href="/wiki/Policy_analysis" title="Policy analysis">policy analysis</a> into the political <a href="/wiki/Decision_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Decision making">decision making</a> sphere. Typically, a briefing note may be denoted as either “for information” or “for decision”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_of_term">Origins of term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorandum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins of term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of the term “briefing” lie in legal “briefs” and the derivative “military briefings”.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plural form of the Latin noun <i>memorandum</i> so derived is properly <i>memoranda</i>, but if the word is deemed to have become a word of the English language, the plural <i>memorandums</i>, abbreviated to <i>memos</i>, may be used. (See also <a href="/wiki/Agenda_(meeting)" title="Agenda (meeting)">Agenda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corrigenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrigenda">Corrigenda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Addenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Addenda">Addenda</a>). </p><p>“The word memorandum come from the Latin, from the verb remind in Latin (memorare). For the decade 1540 meant the note itself. This word was introduced in Spain in the year 1824. This type of document is usually use in the business world, or official documents. The items for do this document are the next: This document must be brief, the information that you want to transmit must be clear and concise, it’s don´t need request. Finally, when writing a memo, it is necessary to identify the sender and the receiver, to identify the subject matter. Add the place where it was written and the date.” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purpose">Purpose</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorandum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many important purposes of a memorandum. Bringing notice to problems, and helping to solve a problem through clear and concise communication are two.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Memos support decision making and to “help (or sometimes influence) a decision-maker to make a better decision in a particular problem situation than he might otherwise have made without the analysis”.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other purposes that the briefing note can serve include: conveying information; informing decisions, making a request, providing a response to a question, making a suggestion, presenting an informal report, proposing a solution to a problem, or documenting a reference for future use. Memorandums can be used to make brief appeals or give suggestions. These actions in a brief paper can help significantly expedite business actions to make a positive impact in an organization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorandum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the communication mechanism of the policy analysis process, the briefing note should provide a coherent synopsis of a policy problem, identify different policy options for addressing the problem, articulate opposing perspectives and advocate a recommended option. The typical structure for a briefing note includes a description of the proposed policy; relevant background information; a discussion of key considerations (including implementation concerns, financial considerations, stakeholder impacts, and possible unanticipated consequences), a summary of arguments for and against the policy and a recommended decision. Policy documents that start with a proposal and assemble an argument for that position are more accurately referred to as a government <a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">white paper</a>. A government <a href="/wiki/Green_paper" title="Green paper">green paper</a> which raises a policy option and is meant to open a dialogue on the proposal is more similar in tone to a briefing note than is a <a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">white paper</a>. </p><p>A memo's concise format is relatively standardized in order to create accessibility to any reader. They open with a heading including a "to," "from," "date," and "subject". A break in the text would then be followed by an opening paragraph, which would more than likely describe the purpose of the memo. Context is then added to the document, followed by a section of specific actions. Examples could include "You asked that I look at...." or "To determine the best method of promoting the new fall line, I will....". Actions are followed by discussion, which is typically the longest part of a memo, before concluding the message.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quality_criteria">Quality criteria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorandum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Quality criteria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no universal standard for a briefing note, but it is generally understood to be a concise, coherent summary of a public policy problem with a clearly articulated logic for following a recommended course of action. ”Next to a political nose, and a logical brain, the most important skill of the good treasury [person] resides in [their] fine drafting hand. The concise, coherent and penetrating note is the final expression of all other talents.”<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many governance settings based on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>, policy analysts are expected to analyze the issue and write the briefing note from a neutral <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a> perspective. However, the briefing note “for decision” must contain a recommendation, acknowledging that “to say anything of importance in public policy requires value judgments, which must be explained and justified”.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to keeping a proper memo concise and easily comprehensible, there are a few other important features. The style and tone of a memo should always be kept professional, no matter who the audience may be.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This etiquette ensures that no matter who reads the message, it is presented professionally and respectfully. It is common to also see briefing notes with numbered paragraphs, in order to create an efficient and well-organized paper.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since entering the digital age, signatures are not commonly seen at the end of a memo. However, when a briefing note was handwritten in earlier years, they typically included a signature.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today it is still acceptable to sign or initial a memo if the writer wishes to.   </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorandum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/memorandum" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:memorandum">memorandum</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/file" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:file">file</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bench_memorandum" title="Bench memorandum">Bench memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">Grey literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of agreement">Memorandum of agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_association" title="Memorandum of association">Memorandum of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_conversation" title="Memorandum of conversation">Memorandum of conversation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">Memorandum of understanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9moire" title="Mémoire">Mémoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_memorandum" title="Presidential memorandum">Presidential memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Placement_Memorandum" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Placement Memorandum">Private Placement Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_taking" class="mw-redirect" title="Note taking">Note taking</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorandum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780190491482.001.0001/acref-9780190491482-e-5068">"memorandums; memoranda"</a>. <i>oxfordreference.com</i>. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oxfordreference.com&rft.atitle=memorandums%3B+memoranda&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780190491482.001.0001%2Facref-9780190491482-e-5068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemorandum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/memorandum">"memorandum"</a>. <i>dictionary.com</i>. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.com&rft.atitle=memorandum&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fmemorandum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemorandum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/memorandum">"memorandum"</a>. <i>merriam-webster.com</i>. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=memorandum&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fmemorandum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemorandum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLab" class="citation web cs1">Lab, Purdue Writing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/professional_technical_writing/memos/index.html">"General Introduction // Purdue Writing Lab"</a>. <i>Purdue Writing Lab</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026125940/https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/professional_technical_writing/memos/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Purdue+Writing+Lab&rft.atitle=General+Introduction+%2F%2F+Purdue+Writing+Lab&rft.aulast=Lab&rft.aufirst=Purdue+Writing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fowl.purdue.edu%2Fowl%2Fsubject_specific_writing%2Fprofessional_technical_writing%2Fmemos%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemorandum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Blake" title="Gary Blake">Gary Blake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Bly" title="Robert W. Bly">Robert W. Bly</a>, <i>The Elements of Technical Writing</i>, pg. 113. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishers (United States)">Publishers</a>, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0020130856" title="Special:BookSources/0020130856">0020130856</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simpson, J.A. and E.S.C. Weiner (ed.) 1989. Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. OED Online. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLab" class="citation web cs1">Lab, Purdue Writing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/professional_technical_writing/memos/audience_and_purpose.html">"Audience and Purpose // Purdue Writing Lab"</a>. <i>Purdue Writing Lab</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210922114148/https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/professional_technical_writing/memos/audience_and_purpose.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Purdue+Writing+Lab&rft.atitle=Audience+and+Purpose+%2F%2F+Purdue+Writing+Lab&rft.aulast=Lab&rft.aufirst=Purdue+Writing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fowl.purdue.edu%2Fowl%2Fsubject_specific_writing%2Fprofessional_technical_writing%2Fmemos%2Faudience_and_purpose.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemorandum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quade, E.S. 1975. Analysis for public decisions. New York: <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>. p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLab" class="citation web cs1">Lab, Purdue Writing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/professional_technical_writing/memos/parts_of_a_memo.html">"Parts of a Memo // Purdue Writing Lab"</a>. <i>Purdue Writing Lab</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018112524/https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/professional_technical_writing/memos/parts_of_a_memo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Purdue+Writing+Lab&rft.atitle=Parts+of+a+Memo+%2F%2F+Purdue+Writing+Lab&rft.aulast=Lab&rft.aufirst=Purdue+Writing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fowl.purdue.edu%2Fowl%2Fsubject_specific_writing%2Fprofessional_technical_writing%2Fmemos%2Fparts_of_a_memo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemorandum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heclo, H. and Rahul Vaidya 1974. The Private Government of Public Money. Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Majone, G. 1989. Evidence, Argument, and Persuasion in the Policy Process. New Haven, CT: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalina_Saharudin2009" class="citation journal cs1">Salina Saharudin (2009-07-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/salina2309/the-memorandum">"The Memorandum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422203717/https://www.slideshare.net/salina2309/the-memorandum">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Memorandum&rft.date=2009-07-17&rft.au=Salina+Saharudin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fsalina2309%2Fthe-memorandum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemorandum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalina_Saharudin2009" class="citation journal cs1">Salina Saharudin (2009-07-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/salina2309/the-memorandum">"The Memorandum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422203717/https://www.slideshare.net/salina2309/the-memorandum">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Memorandum&rft.date=2009-07-17&rft.au=Salina+Saharudin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fsalina2309%2Fthe-memorandum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemorandum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithsonian_Institution_Archives2011" class="citation journal cs1">Smithsonian Institution Archives (2011-11-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/SIArchives/evolution-of-the-memo">"Evolution of the Memo"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410035821/https://www.slideshare.net/SIArchives/evolution-of-the-memo">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+the+Memo&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft.au=Smithsonian+Institution+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FSIArchives%2Fevolution-of-the-memo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemorandum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorandum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/memorandum" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/memorandum">memorandum</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070427015204/http://www.rpi.edu/web/writingcenter/memos.html">RPI.edu</a>, The Writing Center: <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307041941/http://courses.washington.edu/affhsg/pdf/memoonmemos.pdf">Washington.edu</a>, Memorandum Writing, Patrick, <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Elmore" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard F. Elmore">Richard F. Elmore</a>, Laurie Werner.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.writingforresults.net/member/text/text_cnt/text_cnt.htm">How to Write Briefing Notes</a>, Parkinson, Robert B.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.writingforresults.net/classic.pdf">Classic Format of a Briefing Note</a>, Parkinson, Robert B.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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