European e-Justice Portal - Unfair Contract Terms Directive (93/13)

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href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/271/EN/brussels_iia_regulation__matrimonial_matters_and_matters_of_parental_responsibility_forms">Brussels IIa Regulation - Matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/273/EN/judgments_in_civil_and_commercial_matters_forms">Judgments in civil and commercial matters forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/157/EN/legal_aid_forms">Legal aid forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/270/EN/european_enforcement_order_forms">European enforcement order forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/378/EN/european_account_preservation_order_forms">European Account Preservation Order forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/272/EN/compensation_to_crime_victims_forms">Compensation to crime victims forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35981/EN/public_documents_forms">Public documents forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/478/EN/european_certificate_of_succession">European Certificate of Succession</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/556/EN/mutual_recognition_of_protection_measures_forms">Mutual recognition of protection measures forms</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/522/EN/where_and_how"><span> Where and how </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/33/EN/in_which_eu_country">In which EU country?</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/34/EN/how_to_bring_a_case_to_court">How to bring a case to court</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/340/EN/which_country_s_law_applies">Which country's law applies?</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37/EN/costs">Costs</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/404/EN/interest_rates">Interest rates</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/523/EN/legal_systems__eu_and_national"><span> Legal systems - EU and national </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/15/EN/eu_courts">EU courts</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/16/EN/national_justice_systems">National justice systems</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/18/EN/national_ordinary_courts">National ordinary courts</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/19/EN/national_specialised_courts">National specialised courts</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/321/EN/european_judicial_atlas_in_civil_matters"><span> European Judicial Atlas in civil matters </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/353/EN/european_payment_order">European payment order</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/354/EN/small_claims">Small claims</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/391/EN/judgments_in_civil_and_commercial_matters__brussels_i_regulation">Judgments in civil and commercial matters - Brussels I Regulation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/350/EN/brussels_i_regulation_recast">Brussels I Regulation (recast)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/390/EN/legal_aid">Legal aid</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/355/EN/maintenance_obligations">Maintenance obligations</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/377/EN/brussels_iia_regulation__matrimonial_matters_and_matters_of_parental_responsibility">Brussels IIa Regulation - Matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37842/EN/brussels_iib_regulation__matrimonial_matters_and_matters_of_parental_responsibility_recast">Brussels IIb Regulation - Matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility (recast)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/373/EN/serving_documents">Serving documents</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/38580/EN/serving_documents_recast">Serving documents (recast)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/374/EN/taking_evidence">Taking evidence</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/38581/EN/taking_evidence_recast">Taking evidence (recast)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/376/EN/european_enforcement_order">European enforcement order</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/352/EN/mutual_recognition_of_protection_measures_in_civil_matters">Mutual recognition of protection measures in civil matters</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/356/EN/divorce_and_legal_separation">Divorce and legal separation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/357/EN/mediation">Mediation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/380/EN/succession">Succession</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/379/EN/european_account_preservation_order">European Account Preservation Order</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/448/EN/compensation_to_crime_victims">Compensation to crime victims</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/559/EN/matters_of_matrimonial_property_regimes">Matters of matrimonial property regimes</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/560/EN/matters_of_the_property_consequences_of_registered_partnerships">Matters of the property consequences of registered partnerships</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/561/EN/public_documents">Public documents</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/40172/EN/my_ejustice_space">My e-Justice space</a></li></ul></div> <div class="menu-block"><a class="title has-content" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/512/EN/your_rights"><span>Your rights</span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/169/EN/defendants_criminal_proceedings">Defendants (criminal proceedings)</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/65/EN/victims_of_crime"><span> Victims of crime </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/66/EN/victims_criminal_proceedings">Victims (criminal proceedings)</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/67/EN/compensation"><span> Compensation </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/491/EN/if_my_claim_is_to_be_considered_in_this_country">If my claim is to be considered in this country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/492/EN/if_my_claim_is_to_be_sent_from_this_country_to_another_eu_country">If my claim is to be sent from this country to another EU country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/493/EN/if_my_claim_from_another_country_is_to_be_considered_in_this_country">If my claim (from another country) is to be considered in this country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/494/EN/claiming_damages_from_the_offender">Claiming damages from the offender</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/171/EN/victims__rights__by_country">Victims' rights - by country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/358/EN/mutual_recognition_of_protection_measures">Mutual recognition of protection measures</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/581/EN/fundamental_rights"><span> Fundamental rights </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/582/EN/fundamental_rights_in_the_european_union">Fundamental rights in the European Union</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/584/EN/charter_tutorial"><span> Charter tutorial </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/563/EN/part_i__protecting_fundamental_rights_within_the_european_union">Part I - Protecting fundamental rights within the European Union</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/564/EN/part_ii__when_can_an_individual_seek_protection_under_the_charter">Part II - When can an individual seek protection under the Charter</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/565/EN/part_iii__scope_of_application_interpretation_and_effects_of_the_charter">Part III - Scope of application, interpretation and effects of the Charter</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/583/EN/does_the_charter_apply_to_my_case">Does the Charter apply to my case</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/585/EN/where_can_i_get_help"><span> Where can I get help </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/459/EN/fundamental_rights_interactive_tool">Fundamental rights interactive tool</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/586/EN/list_of_relevant_courts_and_bodies"><span> List of relevant courts and bodies </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/176/EN/national_courts_and_other_nonjudicial_bodies">National courts and other non-judicial bodies</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35915/EN/other_eu_and_international_complaint_bodies">Other EU and International complaint bodies</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35914/EN/glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37134/EN/member_states_best_practices_on_the_charter">Member States’ best practices on the Charter</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/580/EN/business_and_human_rights">Business and human rights</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39436/EN/fra_materials_and_tools_on_the_charter">FRA materials and tools on the Charter</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/551/EN/public_documents">Public documents</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/38579/EN/protection_of_vulnerable_adults">Protection of vulnerable adults</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35998/EN/rights_of_minors_in_court_proceedings">Rights of minors in court proceedings</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/300/EN/access_to_justice_in_environmental_matters">Access to justice in environmental matters</a></li></ul></div> <div class="menu-block"><a class="title has-content" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/513/EN/legislation_and_case_law"><span>Legislation and case law</span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/3/EN/eu_law">EU law</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/6/EN/national_legislation">National legislation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/10/EN/international_law">International law</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/546/EN/publication_of_official_announcements">Publication of official announcements</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/591/EN/consumer_law_database"><span> Consumer Law Database </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37160/EN/country">Country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37165/EN/enforcement">Enforcement</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/599/EN/price_indication_directive_986"><span> Price Indication Directive (98/6) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/600/EN/text_of_the_directive_986">Text of the Directive (98/6)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/635/EN/consumer_sales_and_guarantees_directive_199944"><span> Consumer Sales and Guarantees Directive (1999/44) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/636/EN/text_of_the_directive_199944">Text of the Directive (1999/44)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/595/EN/unfair_commercial_practices_directive_200529"><span> Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (2005/29) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/596/EN/text_of_the_directive_200529">Text of the Directive (2005/29)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/615/EN/misleading_and_comparative_advertising_directive_2006114"><span> Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive (2006/114) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/616/EN/text_of_the_directive_2006114">Text of the Directive (2006/114)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/619/EN/timeshare_directive_2008122"><span> Timeshare Directive (2008/122) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/620/EN/text_of_the_directive_2008122">Text of the Directive (2008/122)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/607/EN/injunctions_directive_200922"><span> Injunctions Directive (2009/22) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/608/EN/text_of_the_directive_200922">Text of the Directive (2009/22)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/639/EN/consumer_rights_directive_201183"><span> Consumer Rights Directive (2011/83) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/640/EN/text_of_the_directive_201183">Text of the Directive (2011/83)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313"><span> Unfair Contract Terms Directive (93/13) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313">Text of the Directive (93/13)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35909/EN/package_travel_directive_20152302"><span> Package Travel Directive (2015/2302) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35912/EN/text_of_directive_20152302">Text of directive (2015/2302)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39450/EN/digital_content_directive"><span> Digital Content Directive </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39453/EN/text_of_the_directive_2019770">Text of the directive (2019/770)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39451/EN/sale_of_goods_directive"><span> Sale of goods directive </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39454/EN/text_of_the_directive_2019771">Text of the directive (2019/771)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39452/EN/representative_actions_directive"><span> Representative actions directive </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39455/EN/text_of_the_directive_20201828">Text of the directive (2020/1828)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/593/EN/repealed"><span> Repealed </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/623/EN/doorstep_selling_directive_85577"><span> Doorstep Selling Directive (85/577) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/624/EN/text_of_the_directive_85577">Text of the Directive (85/577)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/611/EN/package_travel_directive_90314"><span> Package Travel Directive (90/314) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/612/EN/text_of_the_directive_90314">Text of the Directive (90/314)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/631/EN/timeshare_directive_9447"><span> Timeshare Directive (94/47) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/632/EN/text_of_the_directive_9447">Text of the Directive (94/47)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/603/EN/distance_selling_directive_977"><span> Distance Selling Directive (97/7) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/604/EN/text_of_the_directive_977">Text of the Directive (97/7)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/119/EN/glossaries_and_translations">Glossaries and translations</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/12/EN/eu_case_law">EU case law</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/175/EN/european_case_law_identifier_ecli">European Case Law Identifier (ECLI)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/430/EN/european_case_law_identifier_ecli_search_engine?m=1">European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) search engine</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/579/EN/freedom_of_movement_and_other_union_citizens_rights">Freedom of movement and other Union citizens’ rights</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/13/EN/national_case_law">National case law</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/150/EN/international_case_law">International case law</a></li></ul></div> <div class="menu-block"><a class="title has-content" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/514/EN/registers__business_insolvency_amp_land"><span>Registers - business, insolvency & land</span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/489/EN/business_registers__search_for_a_company_in_the_eu?m=1">Business registers – search for a company in the EU</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/106/EN/business_registers_in_eu_countries">Business registers in EU countries</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/108/EN/land_registers__eu_level">Land registers - EU level</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/109/EN/land_registers_in_eu_countries">Land registers in EU countries</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/110/EN/bankruptcy_and_insolvency_registers">Bankruptcy and insolvency registers</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/38590/EN/beneficial_ownership_registers_interconnection_system_boris?m=1">Beneficial ownership registers interconnection system (BORIS)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/246/EN/bankruptcy_amp_insolvency_registers__search_for_insolvent_debtors_in_the_eu?m=1">Bankruptcy & insolvency registers - search for insolvent debtors in the EU</a></li></ul></div> <div class="menu-block"><a class="title has-content" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/515/EN/find_a_legal_professional"><span>Find a legal professional</span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/29/EN/types_of_legal_professions">Types of legal professions</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/334/EN/lawyers?m=1">Lawyers</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/335/EN/notaries?m=1">Notaries</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/116/EN/legal_translatorsinterpreters">Legal translators/interpreters</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37146/EN/find_an_expert">Find an expert</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/550/EN/forensic_experts">Forensic experts</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/117/EN/mediators">Mediators</a></li></ul></div> <div class="menu-block"><a class="title has-content" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/516/EN/trainings_judicial_networks_and_agencies"><span>Trainings, judicial networks and agencies</span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/120/EN/training_of_justice_professionals"><span> Training of justice professionals </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/121/EN/eu_judicial_training_policy">EU judicial training policy</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37158/EN/european_training_platform">European training platform</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/122/EN/eu_training_networks_amp_structures">EU training networks & structures</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/123/EN/national_training_systems"><span> National training systems </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39442/EN/initial_training_of_judges_and_prosecutors_in_the_european_union">Initial training of judges and prosecutors in the European Union</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/38584/EN/initial_training_of_lawyers_in_the_european_union">Initial training of lawyers in the European Union</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/406/EN/judiciary_training_providers">Judiciary training providers</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/408/EN/court_staff_training_systems">Court staff training systems</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/407/EN/lawyers__training_systems">Lawyers' training systems</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/311/EN/good_training_practices">Good training practices</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/253/EN/training_methodology">Training methodology</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/21/EN/european_judicial_network_in_civil_and_commercial_matters"><span> European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/431/EN/about_the_network">About the network</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/436/EN/information_for_citizens">Information for citizens</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/437/EN/assistance_to_judges_amp_other_judicial_authorities">Assistance to judges & other judicial authorities</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/438/EN/eventsnews">Events/news</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/287/EN/ejn_s_publications">EJN's publications</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/439/EN/information_on_national_law_information_sheets">Information on national law (information sheets)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/440/EN/members__section">Members' section</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/441/EN/links">Links</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/524/EN/european_judicial_network_in_criminal_matters"><span> European Judicial Network in criminal matters </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/525/EN/about_ejn">About EJN</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/530/EN/judicial_atlas_in_criminal_matters">Judicial ATLAS in criminal matters</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/526/EN/compendium">Compendium</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/548/EN/judicial_library">Judicial library</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/528/EN/fiches_belges">Fiches Belges</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/529/EN/information_about_national_systems">Information about national systems</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/527/EN/cooperation_with_noneu_countries_and_judicial_networks">Cooperation with non-EU countries and judicial networks</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/23/EN/eurojust">Eurojust</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/178/EN/european_law_institute">European Law Institute</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/558/EN/europris">EuroPris</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <script> window.addEventListener('load', function (){ jQuery("#re-focus-div").focus(function (e){ e.preventDefault(); setTimeout(function(){ $('#re-focus').focus(); },170); }); jQuery("#close").keydown(function (event){ if (event.keyCode === 13){ $('#re-focus-div').attr("tabindex", "0"); $("#re-focus-div").focus(); $('#re-focus-div').removeAttr("tabindex"); } }); jQuery("#mcontent").click(function(e){ var mainContentFocusFound = false; let featured = jQuery(".featured").find("a")[0]; let 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<div class="sidebar"> <div class="hide-mobile"> <div class="sidebar-actions"> <span id="printButton"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313?action=print" title="Print" id="tl_wprint" target="_blank" onclick="return printMaximizeTaxonomy('627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313?action=print');"><span class="fa fa-print"></span></a></span> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/printContentPdf.do?plang=en&idTaxonomy=627&action=printContentPdf&initExpCourtRes=1" class="piwik_download" title='Save as PDF' id='tl_wprint_pdf'> <span class="icon-pdf"></span></a> <script type="text/javascript"> function printMaximizeTaxonomy(pagina){ window.open(pagina,'content','resizable=no,status=yes,scrollbars=yes,width=750,height=825'); return false; } </script> </div> </div> <div class="page_content"> <span class="sidebar_title">PAGE CONTENTS</span> <ul class="detail-menu"> <li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313#tocHeader0">What is the aim of this directive? (Art. 1)</a></li> <li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313#tocHeader1">Scope of application (Art. 1)</a></li> <li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313#tocHeader2">Amending Acts</a></li> <li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313#tocHeader3">From when does the directive apply? (Art. 10)</a></li> <li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313#tocHeader4">Background</a></li> <li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313#tocHeader5">References</a></li> <li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313#tocHeader6">Related acts</a></li> </ul> </div> <a tabindex="-1" id="linkToTOC" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/directivePartsTableOfContents.do?idTaxonomy=627&fromParentPage=yes"><h4 tabindex="0" onkeyup=" if (event.keyCode == 13) {$('#linkToTOC')[0].click();}" id="text_of_directive">text of the directive</h4></a> <div class="lang-select-detail js-toggle"> <p class="js-toggle-trigger">Find information per region</p> <ul class="flags geoPicker"> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?EUROPEAN_UNION&member=1" class="flag flag-eu " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">European Union</span><span class="short">eu</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?BELGIUM&member=1" class="flag flag-be " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Belgium</span><span class="short">be</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?BULGARIA&member=1" class="flag flag-bg " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Bulgaria</span><span class="short">bg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?CZECHIA&member=1" class="flag flag-cz " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Czechia</span><span class="short">cz</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?DENMARK&member=1" class="flag flag-dk " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Denmark</span><span class="short">dk</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?GERMANY&member=1" class="flag flag-de " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Germany</span><span class="short">de</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?ESTONIA&member=1" class="flag flag-ee " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Estonia</span><span class="short">ee</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?IRELAND&member=1" class="flag flag-ie " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Ireland</span><span class="short">ie</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?GREECE&member=1" class="flag flag-el " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Greece</span><span class="short">el</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?SPAIN&member=1" class="flag flag-es " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Spain</span><span class="short">es</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?FRANCE&member=1" class="flag flag-fr " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">France</span><span class="short">fr</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?CROATIA&member=1" class="flag flag-hr " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Croatia</span><span class="short">hr</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?ITALY&member=1" class="flag flag-it " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Italy</span><span class="short">it</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?CYPRUS&member=1" class="flag flag-cy " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Cyprus</span><span class="short">cy</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?LATVIA&member=1" class="flag flag-lv " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Latvia</span><span class="short">lv</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?LITHUANIA&member=1" class="flag flag-lt " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Lithuania</span><span class="short">lt</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?LUXEMBOURG&member=1" class="flag flag-lu " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Luxembourg</span><span class="short">lu</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?HUNGARY&member=1" class="flag flag-hu " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Hungary</span><span class="short">hu</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?MALTA&member=1" class="flag flag-mt " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Malta</span><span class="short">mt</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?NETHERLANDS&member=1" class="flag flag-nl " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Netherlands</span><span class="short">nl</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?AUSTRIA&member=1" class="flag flag-at " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Austria</span><span class="short">at</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?POLAND&member=1" class="flag flag-pl " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Poland</span><span class="short">pl</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?PORTUGAL&member=1" class="flag flag-pt " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Portugal</span><span class="short">pt</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?ROMANIA&member=1" class="flag flag-ro " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Romania</span><span class="short">ro</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?SLOVENIA&member=1" class="flag flag-si " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Slovenia</span><span class="short">si</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?SLOVAKIA&member=1" class="flag flag-sk " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Slovakia</span><span class="short">sk</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?FINLAND&member=1" class="flag flag-fi " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Finland</span><span class="short">fi</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313?SWEDEN&member=1" class="flag flag-se " data-pseudo="before" data-class="ie01" data-title=""><span class="full">Sweden</span><span class="short">se</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="content-bar"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://e-justice.europa.eu/js/dynforms/dss_applet/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script> <style> .contentArea ul { overflow: hidden; } /*BUG 93891*/ @media only screen and (max-width: 480px) { .contentArea table { table-layout:fixed; overflow-x: auto; display: block; } .contentArea table td{ overflow: hidden; width:446px; text-overflow: ellipsis; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; } } </style> <div class="contentArea"> <a name="tocHeader0"></a> <h2 class="ti-chapter"><span>What is the aim of this directive? (Art. 1)</span></h2> <p><span>The Directive aims to protect consumers in the European Union from unfair terms and conditions which might be included in a standard contract for goods and services they purchase. It introduces the notion of ‘good faith’ to avoid any significant imbalance in mutual rights and obligations. </span></p> <p><span>As part of the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52018DC0183" title="" class="external" target="_blank">new deal</a> for consumers, Directive 93/13/EEC has been amended by Directive (EU) 2019/2161, which aims to modernise EU consumer law and improve its enforcement.</span></p> <a name="tocHeader1"></a> <h2>Scope of application (Art. 1)</h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>This Directive applies to unfair terms in contracts concluded between a seller or supplier and a consumer.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>The contractual terms which reflect mandatory statutory or regulatory provisions and the provisions or principles of international conventions to which the Member States or the Community are party, particularly in the transport area, shall not be subject to the provisions of this Directive.</span></p> <h3>1. Unfairness of a provision (Art. 4)</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>The goods and services involved, circumstances of the transaction and all the other terms and conditions determine whether a provision in a contract is fair or not (Art. 4).</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>The actual price paid for goods or services is not taken into account in this assessment, unless the term in question is unclearly drafted (Art. 4).</span></p> <h3>2. List of unfair provisions (Annex)</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>The directive contains a list of unfair conditions. These include requiring consumers to pay unreasonable <span>compensation or holding them to terms they had no time to fully understand before signing the contract (Anex).</span></span></p> <h3>3. Plain, intelligible language (Art. 5)</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>The wording of all written contracts must be in plain, intelligible language. When there is doubt about the meaning of a term, it should be interpreted in a manner favourable to the consumer (Art. 5).</span></p> <h3>4. Remedies (Art. 6 to 7)</h3> <ul> <li> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Conditions deemed unfair are not binding on consumers, but other terms are valid for both parties if the rest of the contract remains relevant and valid (Art. 6).</span></p> </li> <li style="text-align: justify;"> <p><span style="text-align: justify;">EU countries must act to ensure that the necessary measures are taken to prevent unfair terms from continuing to be used in contracts (Art. 7).</span></p> </li> <li> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Organisations or individuals with a legitimate interest in protecting consumers’ rights may go to court to determine whether a contractual condition is unfair (Art. 7).</span></p> </li> </ul> <ul> </ul> <a name="tocHeader2"></a> <h2>Amending Acts</h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>It has been amended by Directive (EU) 2019/2161. It requires Member States to introduce effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties applicable to infringements of the rules on unfair contract terms, based on a set of parameters. These criteria include: </span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li> <p><span>the nature, gravity, scale and duration of the infringement;</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span>any action taken by the trader to mitigate or remedy the damage suffered by consumers;</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span>any previous infringements by the trader;</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span>penalties imposed on the trader for the same infringement in other Member States in cross-border cases, where information about these penalties is available through the mechanism set up by Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 (<a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=LEGISSUM:4326416" title="" class="external" target="_blank">see summary</a>).</span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Under the new directive, Member States must also be able to impose fines when, in connection with coordinated actions under Regulation (EU) 2017/2394, they identify major cross-border infringements affecting consumers in several Member States. Fines must be able to reach at least 4% of a trader’s annual turnover, or €2 million if information about the trader’s turnover is unavailable.</span></p> <a name="tocHeader3"></a> <h2>From when does the directive apply? (Art. 10)<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong style="font-size: 11.2px;"> </strong></span></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Directive 93/13/EEC had to be transposed into the national law of Member States by 31 December 1994.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Amending Directive (EU) 2019/2161 had to be transposed into national law by 28 November 2021. Member States have had to apply the rules since 28 May 2022.</span></p> <a name="tocHeader4"></a> <h2 class="ti-chapter">Background</h2> <p class="normal" style="text-align: justify;"><span><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/consumer_rights/rights-contracts/unfair-contract/index_en.htm" title="" class="external" target="_blank">Unfair contract terms on the European Commission’s website</a>.</span></p> <p class="normal" style="text-align: justify;"><span><a href="http://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/consumer-protection-law/review-eu-consumer-law_en" title="" class="external" target="_blank">Review of EU consumer law – fitness check of EU consumer law on digital fairness</a> on the European Commission's website.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <a name="tocHeader5"></a> <h2 class="ti-chapter">References</h2> <table class="borderOj" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <colgroup> </colgroup> <colgroup> </colgroup> <colgroup> </colgroup> <colgroup> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p class="ti-col" style="text-align: center;"><span><strong>Act</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="ti-col" style="text-align: center;"><span><strong>Entry into force</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="ti-col" style="text-align: center;"><span><strong>Deadline for implementation in the Member States</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="ti-col" style="text-align: center;"><span><strong>Official Journal</strong></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p class="cell"><span>Directive <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=celex:31993L0013" title="" class="external" target="_blank">93/13/EEC</a></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="cell"><span>16.4.1993</span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="cell"><span>31.12.1994</span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="cell"><span><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.1993.095.01.0029.01.ENG" title="" class="external" target="_blank">OJ L 95, 21.4.1993, pp. 29-34</a></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="borderOj" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <colgroup> <col width="25%" /> </colgroup> <colgroup> <col width="25%" /> </colgroup> <colgroup> <col width="25%" /> </colgroup> <colgroup> <col width="25%" /> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p class="ti-col" style="text-align: center;"><span><strong>Amending act(s)</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="ti-col" style="text-align: center;"><span><strong>Entry into force</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="ti-col" style="text-align: center;"><span><strong>Deadline for implementation in the Member States</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="ti-col" style="text-align: center;"><span><strong>Official Journal</strong></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p class="cell" style="text-align: center;"><span><strong>Directive </strong><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=celex:32011L0083" title="" class="external" target="_blank">2011/83/EU</a></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="cell"><span>12.12.2011</span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="cell"><span>13.12.2013</span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p class="cell"><span><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2011.304.01.0064.01.ENG" title="" class="external" target="_blank">OJ L 304, 22.11.2011, p. 64-88</a></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a name="tocHeader6"></a> <h2 class="ti-chapter"><span>Related acts</span></h2> <p class="normal" style="text-align: justify;"><span><span>Regulation (EC) No <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=celex:32004R2006" title="" class="external" target="_blank">2006/2004</a> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on cooperation between national authorities responsible for the enforcement of consumer protection laws (the Regulation on consumer protection cooperation) (</span><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2004.364.01.0001.01.ENG" title="" class="external" target="_blank"><span>OJ L 364, 9.1</span>2.2004, pp. 1-11</a>).</span></p> </div>   <div class="last-update"> <div class="date" style="overflow:hidden">Last update: 22/04/2024</div> <p class="textFoot">This page is maintained by the European Commission. 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href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39432/EN/taking_evidence_by_videoconference">Taking evidence by videoconference</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/71/EN/manual">Manual</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/319/EN/facilities_in_eu_countries">Facilities in EU countries</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39457/EN/digitalisation_regulation__member_state_notifications">Digitalisation Regulation - Member State notifications</a></li></ul></div> <div class="menu-block"><a class="title has-content" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/511/EN/taking_legal_action"><span>Taking legal action</span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/62/EN/mediation"><span> Mediation </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/63/EN/eu_rules_on_mediation">EU rules on mediation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/64/EN/mediation_in_eu_countries">Mediation in EU countries</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/521/EN/family_mediation"><span> Family mediation </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/372/EN/family_mediation">Family mediation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/383/EN/principles_and_stages">Principles and stages</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/384/EN/how_it_works">How it works</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/385/EN/costs">Costs</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/386/EN/legislation">Legislation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37129/EN/legal_aid">Legal aid</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/155/EN/online_forms"><span> Online forms </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/156/EN/european_payment_order_forms">European Payment Order forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/177/EN/small_claims_forms">Small claims forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/271/EN/brussels_iia_regulation__matrimonial_matters_and_matters_of_parental_responsibility_forms">Brussels IIa Regulation - Matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/273/EN/judgments_in_civil_and_commercial_matters_forms">Judgments in civil and commercial matters forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/157/EN/legal_aid_forms">Legal aid forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/270/EN/european_enforcement_order_forms">European enforcement order forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/378/EN/european_account_preservation_order_forms">European Account Preservation Order forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/272/EN/compensation_to_crime_victims_forms">Compensation to crime victims forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35981/EN/public_documents_forms">Public documents forms</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/478/EN/european_certificate_of_succession">European Certificate of Succession</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/556/EN/mutual_recognition_of_protection_measures_forms">Mutual recognition of protection measures forms</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/522/EN/where_and_how"><span> Where and how </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/33/EN/in_which_eu_country">In which EU country?</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/34/EN/how_to_bring_a_case_to_court">How to bring a case to court</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/340/EN/which_country_s_law_applies">Which country's law applies?</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37/EN/costs">Costs</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/404/EN/interest_rates">Interest rates</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/523/EN/legal_systems__eu_and_national"><span> Legal systems - EU and national </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/15/EN/eu_courts">EU courts</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/16/EN/national_justice_systems">National justice systems</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/18/EN/national_ordinary_courts">National ordinary courts</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/19/EN/national_specialised_courts">National specialised courts</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/321/EN/european_judicial_atlas_in_civil_matters"><span> European Judicial Atlas in civil matters </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/353/EN/european_payment_order">European payment order</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/354/EN/small_claims">Small claims</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/391/EN/judgments_in_civil_and_commercial_matters__brussels_i_regulation">Judgments in civil and commercial matters - Brussels I Regulation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/350/EN/brussels_i_regulation_recast">Brussels I Regulation (recast)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/390/EN/legal_aid">Legal aid</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/355/EN/maintenance_obligations">Maintenance obligations</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/377/EN/brussels_iia_regulation__matrimonial_matters_and_matters_of_parental_responsibility">Brussels IIa Regulation - Matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37842/EN/brussels_iib_regulation__matrimonial_matters_and_matters_of_parental_responsibility_recast">Brussels IIb Regulation - Matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility (recast)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/373/EN/serving_documents">Serving documents</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/38580/EN/serving_documents_recast">Serving documents (recast)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/374/EN/taking_evidence">Taking evidence</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/38581/EN/taking_evidence_recast">Taking evidence (recast)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/376/EN/european_enforcement_order">European enforcement order</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/352/EN/mutual_recognition_of_protection_measures_in_civil_matters">Mutual recognition of protection measures in civil matters</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/356/EN/divorce_and_legal_separation">Divorce and legal separation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/357/EN/mediation">Mediation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/380/EN/succession">Succession</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/379/EN/european_account_preservation_order">European Account Preservation Order</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/448/EN/compensation_to_crime_victims">Compensation to crime victims</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/559/EN/matters_of_matrimonial_property_regimes">Matters of matrimonial property regimes</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/560/EN/matters_of_the_property_consequences_of_registered_partnerships">Matters of the property consequences of registered partnerships</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/561/EN/public_documents">Public documents</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/40172/EN/my_ejustice_space">My e-Justice space</a></li></ul></div> <div class="menu-block"><a class="title has-content" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/512/EN/your_rights"><span>Your rights</span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/169/EN/defendants_criminal_proceedings">Defendants (criminal proceedings)</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/65/EN/victims_of_crime"><span> Victims of crime </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/66/EN/victims_criminal_proceedings">Victims (criminal proceedings)</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/67/EN/compensation"><span> Compensation </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/491/EN/if_my_claim_is_to_be_considered_in_this_country">If my claim is to be considered in this country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/492/EN/if_my_claim_is_to_be_sent_from_this_country_to_another_eu_country">If my claim is to be sent from this country to another EU country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/493/EN/if_my_claim_from_another_country_is_to_be_considered_in_this_country">If my claim (from another country) is to be considered in this country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/494/EN/claiming_damages_from_the_offender">Claiming damages from the offender</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/171/EN/victims__rights__by_country">Victims' rights - by country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/358/EN/mutual_recognition_of_protection_measures">Mutual recognition of protection measures</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/581/EN/fundamental_rights"><span> Fundamental rights </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/582/EN/fundamental_rights_in_the_european_union">Fundamental rights in the European Union</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/584/EN/charter_tutorial"><span> Charter tutorial </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/563/EN/part_i__protecting_fundamental_rights_within_the_european_union">Part I - Protecting fundamental rights within the European Union</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/564/EN/part_ii__when_can_an_individual_seek_protection_under_the_charter">Part II - When can an individual seek protection under the Charter</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/565/EN/part_iii__scope_of_application_interpretation_and_effects_of_the_charter">Part III - Scope of application, interpretation and effects of the Charter</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/583/EN/does_the_charter_apply_to_my_case">Does the Charter apply to my case</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/585/EN/where_can_i_get_help"><span> Where can I get help </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/459/EN/fundamental_rights_interactive_tool">Fundamental rights interactive tool</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/586/EN/list_of_relevant_courts_and_bodies"><span> List of relevant courts and bodies </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/176/EN/national_courts_and_other_nonjudicial_bodies">National courts and other non-judicial bodies</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35915/EN/other_eu_and_international_complaint_bodies">Other EU and International complaint bodies</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35914/EN/glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37134/EN/member_states_best_practices_on_the_charter">Member States’ best practices on the Charter</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/580/EN/business_and_human_rights">Business and human rights</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39436/EN/fra_materials_and_tools_on_the_charter">FRA materials and tools on the Charter</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/551/EN/public_documents">Public documents</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/38579/EN/protection_of_vulnerable_adults">Protection of vulnerable adults</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35998/EN/rights_of_minors_in_court_proceedings">Rights of minors in court proceedings</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/300/EN/access_to_justice_in_environmental_matters">Access to justice in environmental matters</a></li></ul></div> <div class="menu-block"><a class="title has-content" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/513/EN/legislation_and_case_law"><span>Legislation and case law</span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/3/EN/eu_law">EU law</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/6/EN/national_legislation">National legislation</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/10/EN/international_law">International law</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/546/EN/publication_of_official_announcements">Publication of official announcements</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/591/EN/consumer_law_database"><span> Consumer Law Database </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37160/EN/country">Country</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/37165/EN/enforcement">Enforcement</a></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/599/EN/price_indication_directive_986"><span> Price Indication Directive (98/6) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/600/EN/text_of_the_directive_986">Text of the Directive (98/6)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/635/EN/consumer_sales_and_guarantees_directive_199944"><span> Consumer Sales and Guarantees Directive (1999/44) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/636/EN/text_of_the_directive_199944">Text of the Directive (1999/44)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/595/EN/unfair_commercial_practices_directive_200529"><span> Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (2005/29) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/596/EN/text_of_the_directive_200529">Text of the Directive (2005/29)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/615/EN/misleading_and_comparative_advertising_directive_2006114"><span> Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive (2006/114) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/616/EN/text_of_the_directive_2006114">Text of the Directive (2006/114)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/619/EN/timeshare_directive_2008122"><span> Timeshare Directive (2008/122) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/620/EN/text_of_the_directive_2008122">Text of the Directive (2008/122)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/607/EN/injunctions_directive_200922"><span> Injunctions Directive (2009/22) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/608/EN/text_of_the_directive_200922">Text of the Directive (2009/22)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/639/EN/consumer_rights_directive_201183"><span> Consumer Rights Directive (2011/83) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/640/EN/text_of_the_directive_201183">Text of the Directive (2011/83)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/627/EN/unfair_contract_terms_directive_9313"><span> Unfair Contract Terms Directive (93/13) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/628/EN/text_of_the_directive_9313">Text of the Directive (93/13)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35909/EN/package_travel_directive_20152302"><span> Package Travel Directive (2015/2302) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/35912/EN/text_of_directive_20152302">Text of directive (2015/2302)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39450/EN/digital_content_directive"><span> Digital Content Directive </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39453/EN/text_of_the_directive_2019770">Text of the directive (2019/770)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39451/EN/sale_of_goods_directive"><span> Sale of goods directive </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39454/EN/text_of_the_directive_2019771">Text of the directive (2019/771)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39452/EN/representative_actions_directive"><span> Representative actions directive </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/39455/EN/text_of_the_directive_20201828">Text of the directive (2020/1828)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/593/EN/repealed"><span> Repealed </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/623/EN/doorstep_selling_directive_85577"><span> Doorstep Selling Directive (85/577) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/624/EN/text_of_the_directive_85577">Text of the Directive (85/577)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/611/EN/package_travel_directive_90314"><span> Package Travel Directive (90/314) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/612/EN/text_of_the_directive_90314">Text of the Directive (90/314)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/631/EN/timeshare_directive_9447"><span> Timeshare Directive (94/47) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/632/EN/text_of_the_directive_9447">Text of the Directive (94/47)</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="has-content has-children" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/603/EN/distance_selling_directive_977"><span> Distance Selling Directive (97/7) </span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/604/EN/text_of_the_directive_977">Text of the Directive (97/7)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/119/EN/glossaries_and_translations">Glossaries and translations</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/12/EN/eu_case_law">EU case law</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/175/EN/european_case_law_identifier_ecli">European Case Law Identifier (ECLI)</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/430/EN/european_case_law_identifier_ecli_search_engine?m=1">European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) search engine</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/579/EN/freedom_of_movement_and_other_union_citizens_rights">Freedom of movement and other Union citizens’ rights</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/13/EN/national_case_law">National case law</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/150/EN/international_case_law">International case law</a></li></ul></div> <div class="menu-block"><a class="title has-content" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/514/EN/registers__business_insolvency_amp_land"><span>Registers - business, insolvency & land</span><span><span tabindex='0' class="expandInsideList fa fa-angle-down"></span></span></a><ul><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/489/EN/business_registers__search_for_a_company_in_the_eu?m=1">Business registers – search for a company in the EU</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/106/EN/business_registers_in_eu_countries">Business registers in EU countries</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/108/EN/land_registers__eu_level">Land registers - EU level</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/109/EN/land_registers_in_eu_countries">Land registers in EU countries</a></li><li><a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/110/EN/bankruptcy_and_insolvency_registers">Bankruptcy and insolvency registers</a></li><li><a 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