CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91354bcb7ff287a8',cH: 'FR3aII2dq0Ax9FzSsuWrmdmGGKDTh0p5LrgbUnJ.Vb8-1739790261-1.2.1.1-PfNdwVKvouTy1IhBznI4JX6gstmeGtaz5k8GbhSMHphRl9DxZVbxSrx7SYTr8Q5.',cUPMDTk: "\/10005822\/micropower-composite-nanomaterials-based-on-porous-silicon-for-renewable-energy-sources?__cf_chl_tk=8li8ya1uNNr8XAdqWOJUfjk2XAlOKx62qplnyigfr2c-1739790261-1.0.1.1-4TMuOaGZB87Mg4ISxnQ2qsrJxOHSTvLURZbOo4D2r4Y",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790261',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10005822\/micropower-composite-nanomaterials-based-on-porous-silicon-for-renewable-energy-sources?__cf_chl_f_tk=8li8ya1uNNr8XAdqWOJUfjk2XAlOKx62qplnyigfr2c-1739790261-1.0.1.1-4TMuOaGZB87Mg4ISxnQ2qsrJxOHSTvLURZbOo4D2r4Y",md: "HxmAA5XhfPfMdZ.yBA7xTKxqZhVGZ.ji5IYh0CHn3RY-1739790261-1.2.1.1-F5tBHNwurgmHQLtoWpb2TRrN6bqs6y19EQc7rU2xvzXVwblSBs4UucZtooaGPuBwiRA_RS5IeC9HJood6y9VkjKhHn7RkcBLfkum_EPnFzifS3SuFmle40uSw0LOZm6LQmIY17G_QlaayXr2v5oj1Gp0hFj31ruVuxx7RmkiYwDYqtuDmH5HQJl_t5S4bSScoqf3lOi.tCBCxn232_6KAsfzP.bnWghwR7A2r.IMIm.jZIFJ.7DyEQCNb27w9b00UoLiEeMFYy0UStvsHt1NFYEy3WXBXdv7ewfYv.shewl.rnyMRWunpYnbRiX.ZcDUv0mit_IRjMQZXkeQN_f1lpQPhotB7KarROKSMQEkcHStRWyfTfjyHNwKpda64S6PvGRVOcsbzqUyB22CiWCJNOQ_ZwPb5ZEhj8LKzaaJMBQMQSGd5Ltc_yy60FZnTRhyP.1NlU0JLTsKNAFfoj7Ys7N9JzhjC7zF3rictYIadsNHGd0jbVXEYge4NuIShZ.EzeCfhKtX2zjQKUQCgxP7e_hwPc9chm_S0h1jKssCc6vEvtn4kHKsLx80tCpfzhVvIBJ6aBeq4GfJKx.jbQhLcuaIK8q0tb9cVEoF4b50wKeFj07Jw07Aev7rGIRSXdo6CpMtqc2JZ6ORgdXW8GKyPMiNFASIx54wE37ZKS1vj9ChB8PAzSo95NSPdht.IiUtBHTHnCjqMJWpl9J9UD7p.OwPdwQgVRLnmbEo0ku1p4009pGwP51Ocp6wDig8kqyy26fZqYeb0X8Fj3SERX_HIzjPaPBfsLDLVXo5.e2igj6wH4gXr1Sy09lwB2Pnb5iyOznCRINtbGTTkd1Jy8kqNGymn5Nw10OKls74rnU36r701jg.7PD6CFfaWQ20a2l0F4FqmZgL.hE.UAE10O2YRAucrdFKjprJVajBEBVgM62xHYbpgmKXpz0ZEO1Fr7hxy3GGxrsJb2v8f9xGprn7MowOwYQ2KN3TcrVLiF1u0y4_0oFj9no5YBTjoVpzDqcdT4ZQ6rEUdXnqwxb8MCTdFc_aEH4uo3tWLBOEfmkM5eEJ.iqMrhQipNl8q_iC_3.9WEcOhxb1GVAGEOqKqVBWUrD9lAsLUDmx1j8F2A7jgcnMnhqPOxn2pCjagwIWb4XRgEKYBysyIm7r8PS3UGFKSi.9y9LkUouu2zx1Xe_gL8ush3A9fY9WfZCBXg6.QtcDLa8IyhFAo5_Ip4xKmB_rXC4qU7LYfrLmYG7GrWMuSPuAhmuuNMD5YVynehSMMxLvy7Z9OlT0szdukd0ccjWALl_SsUgCscIF6QdfmuqjgaNPBPb3LvkC5JZ9V9QWOdd79nHfUP5n1ECxlufds_.Sv.dd3k0fUKclzCmv2x4dDdN7nZn8TRSAJPe9iOk8ouiw69n2D2wFa0JbjLUQsnA9UhYXqeQgLcxKRNJA7W8r1LmCfkzPGHaQy6J4aWSZhQRsCL8Nu3O6dQJRrslPO72WfOq_4v3SbESsyE_9mAmVaBQui_5RQYD4Kwv70Z9VfuAAuQfDFAuf1O.3wU3IStzz69wi9y5wAY_V3sZBdQhG8W0Wr0AEpyN_ufWNbxKcKtUxMu217kcf05KKQDU4v_enaQ7CzA0jzXvcpYWz6tOWGntCnSvgSCr1DE2qIIPM2.0vIlpLzwWhxAzi_k9GO0KbnolBeFmJFOZ9RFlWCWYjQZFznxbuYbWJPmsmwd24sFJRMU13y..kjDS33X2GO_wPXku6XbwatGPiQwqrfQKUdPN5l.6ZAL.tsRIgGMSLK0L1Aw2BU4StUl11JyHCajEr99IJQeZEV6bD5OhDu4kTVY96lNUueUtdfDavhQXps9GngNH.Vdt3YOG_sGh9Nqpw05_fduCeuWJEVY7emk0SVQuUX6pvy0aPJF9Ea8XS790lY7uXRd0fu9_PyJ5y9h4B2W4xItBLQvDhspMNXFybLKK.hbFaAL37QjfnZxirkb4iMz8FMAyHRPQf8tS.Q4j8NN6e66nmry7yahStJdIj1_BX6aT7fEjxEdA60incPLBICAkOQRQuS5nGSxkHpvKgs30GKairZOpv0Aq8TBnOTVcBPoz1RJGg.fsASkNdpaxblu1cWSzH4FSR2_rcqJ8XMQ",mdrd: "4BqH6hMzs9V8rxv7Rb.u0C6fMJogr3x6ZapElztmEYU-1739790261-1.2.1.1-MopRp1224QQtT7RctsFybpQt8nKP.mIpcv.HuaH7UD_58Eu_W8ENG6j9nvNvAgEIj6sap.CoRO833tMZ8bvrpZecverp4qJc2YLzF0RlJqYG_vvzcDrSRYqCp3fs8YqazjyEfk8JssQsuFt3C047UMNtM119404.E2YmBaV7QvravvzdII83Cy6VkpX9PmNBhj7P4_h74TZioxtAHBMozVWOTh3dvlkABBFMpAvHs9bjYsmoF.eD.bBmuaGJhiP3GCH9eWL_3bnieWrzNIDzjPECLLSMIrpVBbavEnaMuBE8eIpIDGAVgOdcP0pwBxONxIAs9woAtLhua5lX0viL5JuwxPO6WcLvgHtMMr.jN2bLD9jfYzPI1nsmJHf0J4lUEAQk8pc5KprqPZxhtPcnNTxR6XqqHbIMi2aBizVRAUs2OSpEg36lsNGvaPGABPbya5JdfWRrT9hzPcvNck7jYlhR9un8Nd5aA65Af3tsBfHkYgku55uzVBLAp66uSqQ0Htzxnu.pfZx2Uz1g3rFWcdKArJwidZsNIYrP32MaOQlUsyRpKEvtcnt2Lzp8VVwu07lYF1IqsuuOYo0fBHqfnu_fMYXFJwLH1bJrUbtv.8DJ.yaTHZ2R0QB__j2OOV7hdZdEi0P9XSjyST.7dVHSWFFtabv9XGIxyMLKusDmxKhy88A8FLbxWPrioUwkhn2FuwMHwOXS4bRWwOiCrjMN1i0.QUCbiAwq0m08IsZGA2m59O7eNs6dqnLiaqewfvbonEomYiVLXHYAtN5NVpW5Fl0_uOe_6v00wo0Luc9R7iv0NSoaHIL2vakd5fAtj6nr_HbzOeFB8_Pj88dL_FWlK17k4dD1bGQWiOt8mG8.9ktqkH0mEq3z9MYxMbozHcpI9UcZcgCG6eY8UuGmQDB1fcLBMy5CMFklEfFr0MKRsNoyumPvIFuWLLQX0ihlZge617bxBVhU7BJ74SsXdXBq97DHJqhqgDAF1QZUk_f8w1f_5R2P2bmP7LTPILLqJFSjvbt1gIGakMp39d4sebVa1MVxaSzdZFUbyDH0izWGCY9u8xqjxAMqdb8Ju1.Ti3BfyvDJ2ljcFLSimQnPwiH5XPB2JYzkZsqxi_ULg6.hyN36sXvNQ2V5v.rVfjG07G75W4jqGnj2rCf7F3CO_Y3NKUF7dblTfSRngIA2MZcljdyLw5CX7s1bhp2gwgB6LrSpCD6M0WSpKY6Gl10a4VOSRFJycJj7wgpfIJ7EyxATznK.3tZ.SeXuvNlffn4utE78b1nmcOMIOErRBS.lcwUfGZhwwQYobfZhO8hjE_v8oFC.OfjQwT3e01cwofygnDsDb76QnEhMEL4zWmvCc5FUgyYhLSkm7sscKPCnpaJ19vfvCy45BFDcHxxteZJUVGAouLWVo8bIxOjH9bADXxwc6FBvhDb3VaejugfqMqlC8qYorLLrYLRg19RiuhYATX4yeXMu1lxv.tk3EWOsYJXBdZ4Qt9KYWZI0JWZuCsXrsmBxs602N6KEWm.hI67OgA_Co460Ftw3x4F7spwuFmU1SORQreHljRBU1RnpUwuQn8EOSp4le.biAvgyNx_cretQWGd2pZvlfhLOoskTPHuk97I4rAVWHDffP8viPBwC2.Bmi9gqvS71Djtp0V5lgGqTHjtjblDVnUn8jba6KJOAHt1duuiEM7mXUH6do7npyf3xzJPKt1dcMd7FPO.b8hGrMOqo.JPgCEMHfXt6x2l6doQtI.kt9w_i1.Sv2sfk7c1_P52.do.x3EtC0hSN.x_Mpw9k.9PbmgFVBU3r.Te.e5gHB35z1P5fu73BfmnajCX1mslXOA.sP45Tv8qPwexSWh4w5Ox1TftHNtBWM5VJZN9cIsYXLAv2ynCaBXDEov1jIgmxdfMOohgV_72W7gOmuekDokN7AiDJe2syuhG9ZjRJkqmmjFTJ7NBbGiEDAG5ulp2S_Kv..0mZIzb2BxsH"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91354bcb7ff287a8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10005822\/micropower-composite-nanomaterials-based-on-porous-silicon-for-renewable-energy-sources?__cf_chl_rt_tk=8li8ya1uNNr8XAdqWOJUfjk2XAlOKx62qplnyigfr2c-1739790261-1.0.1.1-4TMuOaGZB87Mg4ISxnQ2qsrJxOHSTvLURZbOo4D2r4Y" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>