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content="欧州連合（ＥＵ）欧州委員会のフォンデアライエン委員長は先月、人工知能（ＡＩ）分野で米国と中国に追いつく戦略の一環として、２００億ユーロの基金を創設して「ＡＩギガファクトリー」をＥＵ域内４カ所に建設する計画を公表した。しかし半導体や適切な立地、電力などの確保が難航すると予想されるほか、欧州では利用が限られるとして計画を疑問視する声も出ている。"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Reuters Japan"/><meta name="article:published_time" content="2025-03-14T23:20:28Z"/><meta name="article:modified_time" content="2025-03-14T23:20:57.254Z"/><meta name="article:author" content="Toby Sterling"/><meta name="article:section" content="テクノロジー"/><meta name="article:tag" content="ANV,FES,EREP,TOPNWS,ANLINS,ARTI,BISV,BISV08,BOJJ,CHIP,EU,FIN,FINS,FINS08,GEN,INTAG,INVBIS,INVBR,INVBR1,INVS08,ITEC,JFOR,JLN,NEWS1,POL,SCI,SEMI,TECH,TECH08,TEEQ,TEEQ08,TMT,TOPCMB,TRN,EUROP,EZC,EMEA,DEST:NOJPZTM,DEST:NOJPTPM,DEST:NOJPTCM"/><meta property="og:image:url" 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class="primary-image__image__1zwAE"><div class="styles__image-container__3hkY5 styles__fill__22EeH styles__center_center__1CNY5 styles__apply-ratio__1JYnB" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5535991714137753"><img src="https://www.reuters.com/resizer/v2/GJYDZZ7ILVMNVFSSGGC5NIEXKI.jpg?auth=dd5e0d74f4bc6bb38974de7c714446fe96e0f3911478b0cf7779d04fc44bcfee&width=3000&quality=80" srcSet="https://www.reuters.com/resizer/v2/GJYDZZ7ILVMNVFSSGGC5NIEXKI.jpg?auth=dd5e0d74f4bc6bb38974de7c714446fe96e0f3911478b0cf7779d04fc44bcfee&width=480&quality=80 480w,https://www.reuters.com/resizer/v2/GJYDZZ7ILVMNVFSSGGC5NIEXKI.jpg?auth=dd5e0d74f4bc6bb38974de7c714446fe96e0f3911478b0cf7779d04fc44bcfee&width=640&quality=80 640w,https://www.reuters.com/resizer/v2/GJYDZZ7ILVMNVFSSGGC5NIEXKI.jpg?auth=dd5e0d74f4bc6bb38974de7c714446fe96e0f3911478b0cf7779d04fc44bcfee&width=720&quality=80 720w,https://www.reuters.com/resizer/v2/GJYDZZ7ILVMNVFSSGGC5NIEXKI.jpg?auth=dd5e0d74f4bc6bb38974de7c714446fe96e0f3911478b0cf7779d04fc44bcfee&width=960&quality=80 960w,https://www.reuters.com/resizer/v2/GJYDZZ7ILVMNVFSSGGC5NIEXKI.jpg?auth=dd5e0d74f4bc6bb38974de7c714446fe96e0f3911478b0cf7779d04fc44bcfee&width=1080&quality=80 1080w,https://www.reuters.com/resizer/v2/GJYDZZ7ILVMNVFSSGGC5NIEXKI.jpg?auth=dd5e0d74f4bc6bb38974de7c714446fe96e0f3911478b0cf7779d04fc44bcfee&width=1200&quality=80 1200w" sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 560px, (min-width: 1440px) 700px, 100vw" width="3000" height="1931" alt="アングル：欧州のＡＩギガファクトリー計画、資源確保や効果に疑問の声"/></div></div><div data-testid="Body" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__ultra_small__37j9j body__full_width__ekUdw body__ultra_small_body__1lUQl primary-image__caption__3Ayt0"><span>　３月１１日、欧州連合（ＥＵ）欧州委員会のフォンデアライエン委員長は先月、人工知能（ＡＩ）分野で米国と中国に追いつく戦略の一環として、２００億ユーロの基金を創設して「ＡＩギガファクトリー」をＥＵ域内４カ所に建設する計画を公表した。写真はAIと欧州の旗のイメージ。２０２３年１２月撮影（２０２５年　ロイター/Dado Ruvi）</span></div></figure></div><div class="article-body__content__17Yit"><div data-testid="paragraph-0" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">[アムステルダム１１日ロイター] - 欧州連合（ＥＵ）欧州委員会のフォンデアライエン委員長は先月、人工知能（ＡＩ）分野で米国と中国に追いつく戦略の一環として、２００億ユーロの基金を創設して「ＡＩギガファクトリー」をＥＵ域内４カ所に建設する計画を公表した。しかし半導体や適切な立地、電力などの確保が難航すると予想されるほか、欧州では利用が限られるとして計画を疑問視する声も出ている。</div><div data-testid="paragraph-1" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">ＡＩギガファクトリーは、総額２０００億ユーロのＡＩ推進プロジェクト「インベストＡＩ」の柱となる構想。仏ミストラルのような新興ＡＩ企業が成長して施設を活用し、ＥＵのＡＩ安全基準やデータ保護規則に準拠したＡＩモデルを開発することが期待されている。しかし欧州にはグーグルやアマゾンのような大規模クラウドサービス事業者や、生成ＡＩ「チャットＧＰＴ」を開発したオープンＡＩのように何百万もの有料ユーザーを抱える企業は存在せず、大規模なハードウエアの構築は大きなリスクを伴う。</div><div class="article-body__element__2p5pI"></div><div data-testid="paragraph-2" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">これは「鶏が先か、卵が先か」の問題だ。経済シンクタンク、ブリューゲルのバーティン・マーテンス氏は「仮に欧州にこのような大規模なコンピューター施設を建設し、そのインフラ上でＡＩモデルを訓練したとしても、完成後にどう使うのか」と、疑問を投げかけた。</div><div data-testid="paragraph-3" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">＜欧州版スターゲート＞</div><div data-testid="paragraph-4" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">ＡＩギガファクトリーは、欧州中央銀行（ＥＣＢ）総裁など要職を歴任したマリオ・ドラギ氏が監修した欧州の産業力強化に関する報告書、通称「ドラギレポート」を踏まえた対応の一環だ。リポートは大胆な投資と、より積極的な産業政策を推奨する内容となっている。</div><div data-testid="paragraph-5" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">インベストＡＩは、米国の５０００億ドルのＡＩインフラ投資計画「スターゲート」に対する欧州の答えだ。フォンデアライエン氏はギガファクトリーについて「官民パートナーシップの下で構築され、欧州をＡＩの中心地とするために、最大手企業だけでなく全ての科学者や企業が最先端の大規模モデルを開発できるようにする」と説明した。</div><div class="article-body__element__2p5pI"></div><div data-testid="paragraph-6" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">資金は新設される２００億ユーロの基金を通じて調達し、既存のＥＵプログラムや加盟国からの資金が充てられるほか欧州投資銀行（ＥＩＢ）も参加する。</div><div data-testid="paragraph-7" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">フォンデアライエン氏によると、ギガファクトリーは現行施設の４倍となる約１０万個の最新型ＡＩ半導体を搭載する予定だ。</div><div data-testid="paragraph-8" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">それでも米企業が発表済みのプロジェクトにはなお見劣りする。例えばフェイスブックの親会社メタは１００億ドルを投じて米ルイジアナ州に１３０万基のＧＰＵを搭載したデータセンターを建設する計画で、この施設の消費電力は１．５ギガワットに達する予定だ。</div><div data-testid="paragraph-9" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">不動産コンサルティング会社ＣＢＲＥのデータセンター専門家のケビン・レスティボ氏はＡＩギガファクトリーについて、欧州の民間プロジェクトと同様に、流通量の少ないエヌビディア製半導体と必要な電力の確保という２つの課題に直面すると予想する。</div><div data-testid="paragraph-10" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">バイデン前米政権は、多くの欧州諸国がギガファクトリーを建設するのを防ぐため、ＡＩ用半導体へのアクセスを制限していた。トランプ現政権がそれを踏襲するかは定かでない。</div><div class="article-body__element__2p5pI"></div><div data-testid="paragraph-11" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">＜資金使途に疑問も＞</div><div data-testid="paragraph-12" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">ブリューゲルのマルテンス氏は、公的資金を投じてＡＩ支出競争に入っていくのは理にかなっていないとの立場。「こうした工場の寿命はわずか約１年半で、それを過ぎれば減価償却し、新しいエヌビディア製半導体を購入しなければならない」という。</div><div data-testid="paragraph-13" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">一方、中国のＡＩモデル「ディープシーク」の登場で、ＡＩの訓練に必ずしも膨大な計算能力を必要としないのではないかという疑いが生じ、資金の使い道をアプリケーション開発にシフトすべきではないかとの議論も起きている。アプリケーション開発には別種の半導体が必要だ。</div><div data-testid="paragraph-14" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__full_width__ekUdw body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__paragraph__2-BtD">欧州は過去にも技術インフラ支援策を打ち出しており、２０２３年の「欧州半導体法」がその一例だった。しかしこの計画は、自動車向け半導体工場への投資を促進する効果はあったものの、最先端半導体メーカーを欧州に誘致するという目標も、世界生産の２０％を占めるという目標も達成できなかった。</div><div class="article-body__element__2p5pI"></div><p data-testid="Body" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__small__1kGq2 body__base__22dCE body__small_body__2vQyf article-body__element__2p5pI article-body__trust-badge__D_brm">私たちの行動規範：<a data-testid="Link" target="_blank" href="https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/trust-principles.html" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" rel="noopener" class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 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type="application/javascript">window.Fusion=window.Fusion||{};Fusion.arcSite="reuters-japan";Fusion.contextPath="/pf";Fusion.mxId="00000000";Fusion.deployment="269";Fusion.globalContent={"statusCode":200,"message":"Success","result":{"id":"KX6XTWNTLBJQHO7MGZW77FCX7U","canonical_url":"/business/technology/KX6XTWNTLBJQHO7MGZW77FCX7U-2025-03-14/","website":"reuters-japan","web":"欧州のＡＩギガファクトリー計画、資源確保や効果に疑問の声","native":"欧州のＡＩギガファクトリー計画、資源確保や効果に疑問の声","headline_feature":"〔アングル〕","published_time":"2025-03-14T23:20:48.33Z","content_code":"metered","source":{"name":"Package","original_name":"ロイター編集"},"properties":{"id":"NXFCEHZA5ZIGTMDWIVPWEHKNJU"},"dateline":["[アムステルダム１１日ロイター]"],"language":"ja","slug":"JA-EUROPE-AI/GIGAFACTORIES","version":"0.10.10","shared_url":"/business/technology/KX6XTWNTLBJQHO7MGZW77FCX7U-2025-03-14/","created_date":"2025-03-12T03:56:48.901Z","type":"story","title":"アングル：欧州のＡＩギガファクトリー計画、資源確保や効果に疑問の声","basic_headline":"アングル：欧州のＡＩギガファクトリー計画、資源確保や効果に疑問の声","distributor":"ロイター編集","description":"欧州連合（ＥＵ）欧州委員会のフォンデアライエン委員長は先月、人工知能（ＡＩ）分野で米国と中国に追いつく戦略の一環として、２００億ユーロの基金を創設して「ＡＩギガファクトリー」をＥＵ域内４カ所に建設する計画を公表した。しかし半導体や適切な立地、電力などの確保が難航すると予想されるほか、欧州では利用が限られるとして計画を疑問視する声も出ている。","primary_media_type":"image","primary_tag":{"short_bio":"N2:ANV","description":"N2:ANV","slug":"n2-anv","text":"ANV","topic_url":"/tags/n2-anv/"},"word_count":15,"read_minutes":4,"header_controls":{"premium_dek":"YES","hero_image_ratio":"16:9","hero_image_gradient":"None","hero_image_text_placement":"Bottom 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Sterling","topic_url":"/authors/toby-sterling/"}],"display_time":"2025-03-14T23:20:28Z","updated_time":"2025-03-14T23:20:57.254Z","excerpt":{"content":"欧州連合（ＥＵ）欧州委員会のフォンデアライエン委員長は先月、人工知能（ＡＩ）分野で米国と中国に追いつく戦略の一環として、２００億ユーロの基金を創設して「ＡＩギガファクトリー」をＥＵ域内４カ所に建設する計画を公表した。しかし半導体や適切な立地、電力などの確保が難航すると予想されるほか、欧州では利用が限られるとして計画を疑問視する声も出ている。","type":"paragraph"},"content_elements":[{"content":"欧州連合（ＥＵ）欧州委員会のフォンデアライエン委員長は先月、人工知能（ＡＩ）分野で米国と中国に追いつく戦略の一環として、２００億ユーロの基金を創設して「ＡＩギガファクトリー」をＥＵ域内４カ所に建設する計画を公表した。しかし半導体や適切な立地、電力などの確保が難航すると予想されるほか、欧州では利用が限られるとして計画を疑問視する声も出ている。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"ＡＩギガファクトリーは、総額２０００億ユーロのＡＩ推進プロジェクト「インベストＡＩ」の柱となる構想。仏ミストラルのような新興ＡＩ企業が成長して施設を活用し、ＥＵのＡＩ安全基準やデータ保護規則に準拠したＡＩモデルを開発することが期待されている。しかし欧州にはグーグルやアマゾンのような大規模クラウドサービス事業者や、生成ＡＩ「チャットＧＰＴ」を開発したオープンＡＩのように何百万もの有料ユーザーを抱える企業は存在せず、大規模なハードウエアの構築は大きなリスクを伴う。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"これは「鶏が先か、卵が先か」の問題だ。経済シンクタンク、ブリューゲルのバーティン・マーテンス氏は「仮に欧州にこのような大規模なコンピューター施設を建設し、そのインフラ上でＡＩモデルを訓練したとしても、完成後にどう使うのか」と、疑問を投げかけた。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"＜欧州版スターゲート＞","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"ＡＩギガファクトリーは、欧州中央銀行（ＥＣＢ）総裁など要職を歴任したマリオ・ドラギ氏が監修した欧州の産業力強化に関する報告書、通称「ドラギレポート」を踏まえた対応の一環だ。リポートは大胆な投資と、より積極的な産業政策を推奨する内容となっている。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"インベストＡＩは、米国の５０００億ドルのＡＩインフラ投資計画「スターゲート」に対する欧州の答えだ。フォンデアライエン氏はギガファクトリーについて「官民パートナーシップの下で構築され、欧州をＡＩの中心地とするために、最大手企業だけでなく全ての科学者や企業が最先端の大規模モデルを開発できるようにする」と説明した。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"資金は新設される２００億ユーロの基金を通じて調達し、既存のＥＵプログラムや加盟国からの資金が充てられるほか欧州投資銀行（ＥＩＢ）も参加する。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"フォンデアライエン氏によると、ギガファクトリーは現行施設の４倍となる約１０万個の最新型ＡＩ半導体を搭載する予定だ。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"それでも米企業が発表済みのプロジェクトにはなお見劣りする。例えばフェイスブックの親会社メタは１００億ドルを投じて米ルイジアナ州に１３０万基のＧＰＵを搭載したデータセンターを建設する計画で、この施設の消費電力は１．５ギガワットに達する予定だ。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"不動産コンサルティング会社ＣＢＲＥのデータセンター専門家のケビン・レスティボ氏はＡＩギガファクトリーについて、欧州の民間プロジェクトと同様に、流通量の少ないエヌビディア製半導体と必要な電力の確保という２つの課題に直面すると予想する。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"バイデン前米政権は、多くの欧州諸国がギガファクトリーを建設するのを防ぐため、ＡＩ用半導体へのアクセスを制限していた。トランプ現政権がそれを踏襲するかは定かでない。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"＜資金使途に疑問も＞","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"ブリューゲルのマルテンス氏は、公的資金を投じてＡＩ支出競争に入っていくのは理にかなっていないとの立場。「こうした工場の寿命はわずか約１年半で、それを過ぎれば減価償却し、新しいエヌビディア製半導体を購入しなければならない」という。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"一方、中国のＡＩモデル「ディープシーク」の登場で、ＡＩの訓練に必ずしも膨大な計算能力を必要としないのではないかという疑いが生じ、資金の使い道をアプリケーション開発にシフトすべきではないかとの議論も起きている。アプリケーション開発には別種の半導体が必要だ。","type":"paragraph"},{"content":"欧州は過去にも技術インフラ支援策を打ち出しており、２０２３年の「欧州半導体法」がその一例だった。しかしこの計画は、自動車向け半導体工場への投資を促進する効果はあったものの、最先端半導体メーカーを欧州に誘致するという目標も、世界生産の２０％を占めるという目標も達成できなかった。","type":"paragraph"}],"promo_items":{"images":[{"url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-2.images.arcpublishing.com/reuters/GJYDZZ7ILVMNVFSSGGC5NIEXKI.jpg","caption":"　３月１１日、欧州連合（ＥＵ）欧州委員会のフォンデアライエン委員長は先月、人工知能（ＡＩ）分野で米国と中国に追いつく戦略の一環として、２００億ユーロの基金を創設して「ＡＩギガファクトリー」をＥＵ域内４カ所に建設する計画を公表した。写真はAIと欧州の旗のイメージ。２０２３年１２月撮影（２０２５年　ロイター/Dado 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