CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.ametsoc.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '910b698c1c8ffd84',cH: 'JSAJ6YJs86KctePuKcHH76IyBY8Im6YJXCdZYlEdvPg-1739351077-1.2.1.1-e8BigaYhorSq.faFh0NGUS9bi9tZ9tOzkJPTISh8wUIiSoAlIBnYaoe33WkDgAa8',cUPMDTk: "\/index.cfm\/ams\/publications\/authors\/journal-and-bams-authors\/?__cf_chl_tk=yHdI66kIECiqadTW1biTk.z0oc3LTRIkoIqOxPcFfKk-1739351077-1.0.1.1-22oOzF7Wzu_8uYjUgb4wxPVlZsMR35MPTgoR3pb_HVU",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739351077',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/index.cfm\/ams\/publications\/authors\/journal-and-bams-authors\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=yHdI66kIECiqadTW1biTk.z0oc3LTRIkoIqOxPcFfKk-1739351077-1.0.1.1-22oOzF7Wzu_8uYjUgb4wxPVlZsMR35MPTgoR3pb_HVU",md: "nnDcpdyQ5MSW3cQdlOBHjyoLLMKSK0Y9pQ91jeZBL.o-1739351077-1.2.1.1-Ve4QX7EkpvvC2SUIrUNbND14kd36UEMGRm7X2gpfA5cwKvmEXIyJ9RKRkRD9dW_67P_M2S5Bf3zIiQ4YMnSMWe03ClssoaIGB6TaFz.InGlyFENv8Kkvdi9uZSLiiNdTtoN1DQ40J4VJTrvMC1zvr9UkgCEqbND_MVFK71vsE.QDySMo72vMS_aupts.sORrsBw.HKtUqijCuiz15LtEYPC4695y9_LEZhtxwjPpfsdxLi8p1nferYgUewimTOoV1dywXen_pEw5XoYnNwwnsTOYjFURjA2a66FXKQnWyVWLe8u6r8gxAQajCYwOfqcpQZuKjKBJmz.SiJsELeEaHQFpmk8esoDC_LWQLFK3iB51ydWUCxLEinG9.t8z8mjJfapBltVgLGXXUcy_2bbxj_pF6IL_2J1xZZduxP8NzQ2PBl9Ju22nPg4pgDTDBWntXhTs04I1aZKs.aFM6Yexd354Aea0njojzbewqb9Sv1zH4ronzeahby378V6wACM1xk4Dw5R.xXfZtsbW0CAbMtTFMzcbYKWZ10HTvj8qwJbzJTMPlCayOD98Q71CjZD82isYBRtUCB2z_DHsX_1mprQotu5N_G081o6DnP.Hu2NTLbXXl.ZR6aaZFmpNJj6ZBiXDqPvqgQPNcZSS7I9t7U5C18JG5OgJ574boY2NxosYovFLbMhU3zQADvWqdiTAOBLoBjo.Ixb2kymnvG3hP045WKKabOx_GgO4U4FEkm6TLfxNujEgikaVks7RXeqeIuihE1v3szusx9wyH9DFJL7StfvTTf4sN_LJOW_HOfLYhIVGXYZqCXle7P2Usdx.4ksYWJNTfB4yCnJ9hO4ktZ9XJyAMsMgviYsG9.tgLtxoKQrMBdw_2mjmLGoFU9HMESJgjUaVnTJdn6yYarY5kmtZccdLq3iGSoXFh0bDASW3Du3HGK3xsnzaL92r.ZNcBCp.7mY6ymqYq03mmtqvwQb6QnkmeKC.QPpUYjSO3NLvb.JulkofVg4EsaJk3jkFmx5mI1ovdyzSdC20EW_zOKA.T3jMuXO9cS1AXe5quMpTfsrZk47BQ0dKo4M4C6e7QKRuYvDT4_C8aV8vbZhFqGx0XoAk7Umbpqq7lNyCna.cJZwPuraY7TTeCx1ZRmc0aS9hZkzCGkXrkhyrR6nXhFdOBRs1oKuuxkYpdvmJKlPwH_HC6gOIXR8bFPuSozmUho4tcBwh5qwIMvmW4aWIbYws6RzVgSU41xTmpW2qFupeVEtEIs3CIpaqruv4yUlMY4kexDrHwlsCoewZso7WRdQwj6r2q3PK0qh_PaURVOjqDwPPdSLa8UEjzkH.hiRibvCSADDrli7W7RWCbp4wo.CJthItpZS4QO.2lAnFIzD7oF12HhWDPhIG6KWfrNmS1vQf4_rC4nJoIuRhKb4cFEcsS08jBkexUbxgzyc91PvQsWZk._kIrRSlfZL4D2l3iN0a.kEUVCKORCApuzGVkOMxtievGt77S0w.piiAuQFr_1S7BALDbt5WZ63FHKduNv9JxWmx6Evz141FtO4C3IFJrZUT._Lz0TPCKc2fquXJdSpyyeT5hWNcasPn3T.H6SyNCjtEzRjzbl1dq_DkY458ZWFjQGWBWlvApGCJ1GV_1ZugFraRFypRm2dBLdEROz1hffL5pHEaBOetqu6mlyWlGvRXP0da5vubFvPyhR7oUNc.CvBFK3Z_q_qFOcJj.79Er81vZ5RPElBLa4xbC1JhPrP9Ebj9p2bonNhH0kf_xDPpcSGYfqz3Sic.AjLod1GXz50RCf7Tm9.lhoTRmYgb0ycq8aQDniq1x84mwxbgCX1txFAPjet5uDsJ8MlFKvOa_eN98hrPrChePF6YbD4ptjtF0HttxMp6QwiTaYja6ltNhMtEogLJBVzOFdkgzS5pkAbc6GSb8ETILe2kDV_FFtABBNYyGySA_KXsJAPXLzi3LHCUObacJfW1XyCjptlbt4zfU3CczUZH5O4ZhP3y2FGyTWxl2TbeBBCp3bFJnoPKB0aIaRy9FGA9DcRL_e5V08fka8lsJA3F4OqntEBhAQ168l6bcmp2KgwluIBt7PHkvjmS9rbSV5X4kQxtLeJ_NKCKsDNgULn_IAjIw7fJ206xd5_5OLKOvVnSekHK3VGW4VQ558hCJk1_YuR6tscLSWv0iVrJbE7LFYy4KesM0eQTaMmz1QjahY4fGdvjFen..2BDRNeMN2PI3EG7uqSUkDRkLs1lIzmkNZ_24m08FW9OedIXxbOXTIuq4jz5RXCHowjJ7mnhO2LiB20XO2VxyBdhNMSWtBTtDikuUY3zqceg.sbtb1sn4go3rWE_.CRnt_hFJY4JQBV1e4S3AKb6YMGAKZanQ5iNbvKH9HqIF1gCqye9gkGP6o3JgBs2p4p7iafRO.CVlE7Hns4dTZqrt6oNS7WZIQUPtTSMnO0QC2JT.4H4RAFqy7WuwKJGb_W5jlf_iVzCeVlA.EeOrrTQOEDNCYNAbITg3r3Y3aZJxEcxFxBXWWej6JgbWNB6C6jSx2gsKp3Umq9Ek_GTIbVIKCj3.Xkz8fA4J17VqW3HkhsAgDboyMQsMpOi2HTAKuNXuwz_Wj.h3VqRdsyR1DkFTE7KZyPE_um2F7DJ5Q",mdrd: "RIFS2OW.w6sk4vjVio7QaeGs9e68apm4Pl.SzwJS8b8-1739351077-1.2.1.1-bC.ALrC2ROkbnvm3_T7wGo1K4CKhDV8Co1S2Mh8XYyIpsnF9_J5oE2CIeAG1GWHw.f1xJAyRcSgm2_VA.8UODE1s_ge0TqMVkZdBINj8dpSTEH0rXhqjeV6_JSQJq1D7DPsEAuimz77Kbaj99OJpMDzCz06NckFfWj1covJqHPWNMTh5DwGWVAP03eV85pz.Hcm6xawkscNgN5BgssMXRGa6S55g4RMcGQANNMEtf9p0n3_VF7.gGWzA8rPyiQJbQIWrWqfM0unMcl8ixa0r4j79UtuB6v_ieAgkj1TToU2k6A7Sj3QR.7hfn6DuBr5erucI3fHDU4rTNZii7T4k980l0D4RKhnXbCxFoV96UeqRAvUWmjmx_jZ_FsGxSJoEIt3frapOR0fbAYUDawhY_sSTgDBBTeB4QGdzWPe0Tn4IbPrB9XRdOwuAoasL9.Q_5A_6esTPV8UZNLBWGZ.lc798YSyitrlCVu1ItMjpdp3.WjCQouhOt6gcBmecPvyhwU4bIpzhFCpUrJJYiXJsk2GVgsyF8mZkh7fW2JzjHQCg1Usouj5m5dRrxxLDgJFh.t5LA0H2LkbU79qx9idyGau9qW2fxG8a1AHQa8Ihz.4yaOwvZ.xbzOY6Sfyov55VCB7QBErcdhSvYX.hFCUi_3Ez8OX5G0J.ByYkZdwvEReBd_TPW34ObKFHIs6zDgx9jqfrKhi8hFd_.C.20oyFR_7Ovrw8aPoPjJMDBaTULL8UuMt9GlbJ_idv7bAlUn9XRWPzPpzLlH_ynhXJBbnIX2174NIt.WC7A7V231uMKhGf0kWy8CbZZyTys6Xns_rac2Cf5hhJ2Vv0gKkTovvHL7RIv_GynHPrfpfrfZun.rdpfOhpL9TLmd.U7xUF91V1T9r5kOFAumh84F.ZJt7Jf4PPX_TRrrrdKWcBr8o49YKUkUsXHlsSSsGPdyd0uWx9X6IF247A4Yr2RSTPjueaLC2gDRHeLLr4nRChNbuiEwcNXP4NuO20kW9VU4WrzGFF9okYoLZgojJArEU9HouRk4un5FjjuRKSYPZqL6MuFhxOFhQFVp7YvAJ7ReOoIVCsmsmtk6P22Ym76CkpE6jNuGU4rt.s2qfaybrDpfLsDm4Fam4VXGUNTJyMFVlkOEjBe_d7bd9N9mWXQ.DVk2v3C05sfBkbty.mGL1gU4zFUfmV8nAr8_NgrVe4Kw7lLF9ZxhTZ5uEw723AyRIRkbnckRuM2C6YrPh63RVWKBwshnmOJCytioLuIrG9KuRqaEa_dzsY6kbh6y4VbvGJMsokC.7kYjCJc7Tx2b3kpxQ.sryDytlN0FxN2WHMw4LAjPb4V5irdpQtRWxBHFHXEmcrkcUlnvQ0XgLv2nSulCw_kavZfpiQUgC6TDBFMuJG2ixRlWtmiuJaOsIp6xr4RfT9MfL__uxZ7xiTO0604kBA_Y54CuQY9Uy7KwfNUjzQ.zWZtp8f.1ve0JPUDMI5laFuo0ZqQO4Vw2TDUTVqqeS.7zdZCjK5jsXNyksRG65xkgXnY8KW_rPLmGmjhLxGCQVkkccdbJaDCZhFooLNtlNIrZjM8jQ3e_ckGxhunvGPeUtCz8VXrl55vQtisP95l4MN.NiS1XNwf_WJWiqUfg5i0o_NnlGm1K_jCKXJhdNnUfEj.edhz_2FWkKUX36r29L8YStgTitDorqjewx95ATPiIB_vkY49XjwJezUfT_PKtSKL502u5iYpw3QaxdN8Wdd6w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=910b698c1c8ffd84';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/index.cfm\/ams\/publications\/authors\/journal-and-bams-authors\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=yHdI66kIECiqadTW1biTk.z0oc3LTRIkoIqOxPcFfKk-1739351077-1.0.1.1-22oOzF7Wzu_8uYjUgb4wxPVlZsMR35MPTgoR3pb_HVU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>