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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donate</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikipedia</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Domain name registry</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Domain_name_registry" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Domain_name_registry" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Domain+name+registry" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Network information center" redirects here. For the organization, see <a href="/wiki/InterNIC" title="InterNIC">InterNIC</a>.</div> <p>A <b>domain name registry</b> is a database of all <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain names</a> and the associated registrant information in the top level domains of the <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS) of the Internet that enables third party entities to request administrative control of a domain name. Most registries operate on the top-level and second-level of the DNS. </p><p>A <b>registry operator</b>, sometimes called a <b>network information center</b> (<b>NIC</b>), maintains all administrative data of the domain and generates a zone file which contains the addresses of the nameservers for each domain. Each registry is an organization that manages the registration of domain names within the domains for which it is responsible, controls the policies of domain name allocation, and technically operates its domain. It may also fulfill the function of a <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">domain name registrar</a>, or may delegate that function to other entities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Domain names are managed under a hierarchy headed by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a> (IANA), which manages the top of the DNS tree by administrating the data in the <a href="/wiki/Root_nameserver" class="mw-redirect" title="Root nameserver">root nameservers</a>. IANA also operates the <a href="/wiki/.int" title=".int">int</a> registry for intergovernmental organizations, the <a href="/wiki/.arpa" title=".arpa">arpa</a> zone for protocol administration purposes, and other critical zones such as <a href="/wiki/Root-servers.net" class="mw-redirect" title="Root-servers.net">root-servers.net</a>. IANA delegates all other domain name authority to other domain name registries and a full list is available on their web site.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Country code top-level domains</a> (ccTLD) are delegated by IANA to national registries such as <a href="/wiki/DENIC" title="DENIC">DENIC</a> in Germany and <a href="/wiki/Nominet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominet">Nominet</a> in the United Kingdom. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Operation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Operation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Policies"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Policies</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Allocation_policies"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Allocation policies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Dispute_policies"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dispute policies</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Third-level_domains"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Third-level domains</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Domain_name_registry" title="Special:EditPage/Domain name registry">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some name registries are government departments (e.g., the registry for India <i>gov.in</i>). Some are co-operatives of Internet service providers (such as <a href="/wiki/DENIC" title="DENIC">DENIC</a>) or not-for profit companies (such as <a href="/wiki/Nominet_UK" title="Nominet UK">Nominet UK</a>). Others operate as commercial organizations, such as the US registry (<i>nic.us</i>). </p><p>The allocated and assigned domain names are made available by registries by use of the <a href="/wiki/WHOIS" title="WHOIS">WHOIS</a> system and via their <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain name server">domain name servers</a>. </p><p>Some registries sell the names directly, and others rely on separate entities to sell them. For example, names in the <a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a> top-level domains are in some sense sold "wholesale" at a regulated price by <a href="/wiki/VeriSign" class="mw-redirect" title="VeriSign">VeriSign</a>, and individual <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">domain name registrars</a> sell names "retail" to businesses and consumers. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Policies">Policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allocation_policies">Allocation policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Allocation policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Domain_name_registry" title="Special:EditPage/Domain name registry">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Historically, domain name registries operated on a <a href="/wiki/First-come-first-served" class="mw-redirect" title="First-come-first-served">first-come-first-served</a> system of allocation but may reject the allocation of specific domains on the basis of political, religious, historical, legal or cultural reasons. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, between 1996 and 1998, <a href="/wiki/InterNIC" title="InterNIC">InterNIC</a> automatically rejected domain name applications based on a list of perceived obscenities. </p><p>Registries may also control matters of interest to their local communities; for example, the German, Japanese and Polish registries have introduced internationalized domain names to allow use of local non-<a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> characters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispute_policies">Dispute policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dispute policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Domains that are registered with <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> registrars, generally have to use the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (<a href="/wiki/UDRP" class="mw-redirect" title="UDRP">UDRP</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, Germany's <a href="/wiki/DENIC" title="DENIC">DENIC</a> requires people to use the German civil courts, and <a href="/wiki/Nominet_UK" title="Nominet UK">Nominet UK</a> deals with intellectual property and other disputes through its own dispute resolution service. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Third-level_domains">Third-level domains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third-level domains" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Domain name registries may also impose a system of <a href="/wiki/Third-level_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-level domain">third-level domains</a> on users. DENIC, the registry for Germany (<a href="/wiki/.de" title=".de">.de</a>), does not impose third level domains. AFNIC, the registry for France (<a href="/wiki/.fr" title=".fr">.fr</a>), has some third level domains, but not all registrants have to use them. </p><p>Many ccTLDs have moved from compulsory third or fourth-level domain to the availability of registrations of second level domains. Among them are <a href="/wiki/.us" title=".us">.us</a> (April 2002), <a href="/wiki/.mx" title=".mx">.mx</a> (May 2009),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/.co" title=".co">.co</a> (March 2010),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/.uk" title=".uk">.uk</a> (June 2014). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drop_registrar" title="Drop registrar">Drop registrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_sub-domain_registry" title="Private sub-domain registry">Private sub-domain registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains" title="List of Internet top-level domains">List of Internet top-level domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIC_handle" title="NIC handle">NIC handle</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/general/glossary.htm">"ICann.org Glossary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICann.org+Glossary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icann.org%2Fen%2Fgeneral%2Fglossary.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomain+name+registry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db">"IANA — Root Zone Database"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IANA+%E2%80%94+Root+Zone+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fdomains%2Froot%2Fdb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomain+name+registry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/help/dndr/udrp-en">"Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy – ICANN"</a>. <i>icann.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icann.org&rft.atitle=Uniform+Domain-Name+Dispute-Resolution+Policy+%E2%80%93+ICANN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icann.org%2Fresources%2Fpages%2Fhelp%2Fdndr%2Fudrp-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomain+name+registry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212173502/http://www.nic.mx/es/Noticias_2?NEWS=313">"NIC México anuncia las etapas de la reapertura de dominios directamente bajo.MX"</a> (in Spanish). NIC México. 2009-02-10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nic.mx/es/Noticias_2?NEWS=313">the original</a> on 2009-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NIC+M%C3%A9xico+anuncia+las+etapas+de+la+reapertura+de+dominios+directamente+bajo.MX.&rft.pub=NIC+M%C3%A9xico&rft.date=2009-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nic.mx%2Fes%2FNoticias_2%3FNEWS%3D313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomain+name+registry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627212601/http://www.cointernet.co/sites/default/files/documents/CO_Sunrise_Launch%26Registration_1.4.pdf">".CO Launch & Registration Rules"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cointernet.co/sites/default/files/documents/CO_Sunrise_Launch%26Registration_1.4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=.CO+Launch+%26+Registration+Rules&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cointernet.co%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FCO_Sunrise_Launch%2526Registration_1.4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomain+name+registry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&oldid=1252215178">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&oldid=1252215178</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Domain_name_registry&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Ronnie larko" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729419852"> <span>Last edited on 20 October 2024, at 10:24</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82" title="سجل اسم النطاق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سجل اسم النطاق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="ডোমেইন নাম রেজিস্ট্রি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডোমেইন নাম রেজিস্ট্রি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-Registrierung" title="Domain-Registrierung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Domain-Registrierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registro_de_dominios" title="Registro de dominios – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Registro de dominios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ثبت‌نام دامنه اینترنتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ثبت‌نام دامنه اینترنتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registre_de_noms_de_domaine" title="Registre de noms de domaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Registre de noms de domaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B8_%EB%84%A4%EC%9E%84_%EB%A0%88%EC%A7%80%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="도메인 네임 레지스트리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도메인 네임 레지스트리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80" title="Դոմենի ռեգիստր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոմենի ռեգիստր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="डोमेन नाम रजिस्ट्री – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डोमेन नाम रजिस्ट्री" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domeinnamenregister" title="Domeinnamenregister – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Domeinnamenregister" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartab%C3%A8l_de_domeni" title="Cartabèl de domeni – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cartabèl de domeni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name_registry" title="Domain name registry – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Domain name registry" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registru_de_nume_de_domenii" title="Registru de nume de domenii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Registru de nume de domenii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۆمارگەی ناوی پاوان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆمارگەی ناوی پاوان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0)" title="Регистар имена домена (база) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Регистар имена домена (база)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%B1%80" title="域名注册局 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="域名注册局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img 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