CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913561466a4e7e17',cH: '1ywNfsiqYmtUQe06OuRYQctHMucAJc33Ju_KScRbfOE-1739791140-1.2.1.1-_00wcp47juWqpfew_W_9AwaxhOT2jxgiIPw6B7G4rL9TW1opo5VXl_2xzpB2REBr',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=refrigerants&__cf_chl_tk=._pHc_KGVBvr6PIhdgT_9.TgJ1xLL2_Iuzh_3QlVqm4-1739791140-1.0.1.1-L3NbUySskOc3RzHzOkZqwN1kPBtdfJALY3UzFyRtBAU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791140',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=refrigerants&__cf_chl_f_tk=._pHc_KGVBvr6PIhdgT_9.TgJ1xLL2_Iuzh_3QlVqm4-1739791140-1.0.1.1-L3NbUySskOc3RzHzOkZqwN1kPBtdfJALY3UzFyRtBAU",md: "ckCEMGvSKZlBXZw6CHO1NdmvwueQZq1nPro6eTNsmZE-1739791140-1.2.1.1-E_.C5ClGovMKWEmdBxH_w6Wa7fqFrCxl6GINnptgQe2J7m7glXJwJBzveeI5KOC43JmwwZq9BAw9s6TFu41wTLAnU2YFFHdyRHGeRkpRVkaBB54Vj2u_afqsLgQWfZPtbhVFz5CIs4FFx4ASy30vfObk0KnpewwTf3m0Ewva92B8HTBYz_HJzM5vd2bHUGlU0Sbq3EG_6.2CXskQ0EEp45joZG7t6cE993DSEvsu7Tzui6CtX4yaJBtV_yOLWk1wnBC4oVI_gJdEOO5a3o.HLT0AzCkgzndTOaYTaqAl_Ed7kBLCt20T_g6_ZHjwqDCSjVL.XnA8gGhqcdgvfZt_J.MbhN.TJHyGpjOaWoI3jk61bCMbzGugCUb5SlZutzGsiSWAaEr8KC9cPRr2waXcQhrY8SJFz.gZIiKWtCYXCH0JeudEBqW2YwXKWFCpxZw4Ko40WGKDWmnKFRud3uxVnkNjF8tqKkW3Lrb02oFfpoGmyVDY8dI8l8sARAIBioxDNr._FKm1KLYlzdashoExxYd4Jro0GOHofwF1OKM8MRjVZWs1WskwZoKe99.G6q7Qaw66dey_6cU15CNlT0A_Yj6tZKDHHquovVwZ4BG9J0Os6uFun_QD7yrVgmua7s5bf9LT6c.DVP_HsA99JdZHJ.zoVCVexUXJ8Ve84kqs4t5Wd8ub0A_Y.luw5J7ZqiRkOCSye.vcsQ.PNpUqQeTCu9TYbJZG9WGDKraYI2f8fydgvfHgt_5Yy1.sCJt9I8TgS3sB03L_scRkgU_L7eHZ06897R2TaS10eKlljnnQbjVqLwMZT.BjKi0tVJMpEg9Kfq0gLFIq4k.S_al879zFeUHdy7IEPi_By6KAfIkE3SOq9OtnivdT4nOCY40.OTrCtVj.lJn154vHMemGDVQ1E5TbF1FP9zkDSEQUaxdd64OgqiN4wZfNTsd_p2oxXDsLbHfaPrIRvphamFRmtQLAlRQuXg0rfsUXGy.cWwMAjnxEBN7u28DnZSAeITuEr9AXJohwnOucqWsb5u7B.Dr7wqYI42joSeH4ecHCEl5jlxivqRU4aWGpbmnI6DvFzCllCbbgoolqjrxYafRYTU.rn9U5VwmnB1sDwq1xekxcaFbu60rFp_fR2Jn7ErP6XP9VzXJ7xVaVVRpYTR9okbkfVqhQcf5zzQ8W4EiRr3_rFV.pKm.M82T84Nrr0WQeJ96t.28pYbu8LLNKz.B5LB.roP5ISIx68cu_ZRV8yrDcD9IEve0YMf.lqDnS3fVGe7wcXk9YPOuFAB3EfVquRmu7eoafqTt4klxh39UVul7V9h5Lxkb1VLaV4g9B.vZTSHOEUvD6Uj2xdarOYKsF.5hQzElHbQyyu6Rh0uJG0bz5_RAUEs3qVnI9HEIiw9XlZNVe_wEEwAWhsOgqFnDjB42mE2N8Ws37WdBaBhdDEHWfcUgPpQ_SavloknLNnhw8YzCPsDclwFH2ICyCb7p_wzNUxT7J4G_K_RGJs8KC3SEFrLJuQBoUQ63WmBlK3swHYoVdiIp6kHG.DE44gKeekTGQK9VQk7uKLNXPY.htb00xMJwLl4X7z4Hi05MsmO0ITVmsnFh3q2Q6Hk7rNbIT4iGBRZQoeZ0jYvuJDRptBh__v6qVAmD1WXKunejofEvI0HBTpfqQ_N28S7vq4Fs2fA8iB8W4UXSmnbX2P_baAWqgzED53oqZBarZj.qLEomNTs1xRh4tLHnom_1p9N3hhhRQGuSx_5coVDIJNNDKmz9.5PyBZQsIcO_TyLD3Xc1CICWg4Du.dIPv.DlFlkUs0w04FmDig1LqgS6GbrVLh19THEAyJROI_CZ866Ifw3tMC2CJj_dZKQhHYee4y3tbWf6YAQv6Tt_YedcwElfdVIPfqAuSzvQxm9vjj6vo2CHAADq2OC0opuNVk0bVYYzr5xaA_Q",mdrd: "4TftJJC4vEOcNpGtObiTkMfelEi94Vr7Mg4EBW4pMwo-1739791140-1.2.1.1-X_EdQkqVr1OtQJ2ZlXGEoPLe8xF2P8YQasY6FPiS5zv3kS0QGQCBNSOd_LIl2U5t2QA3vRtF5BPGdF4M1vZd040S2GcqkvaoN4uGQv1j3eEjX9rfcb8vR..VienYiCjBnG36Lig3y_F7sQMg5kBREQrEf.ZOcSovABZuPRkYw2kAj6lC3IfWLBInZFGF8683pU1AwwiNl2ukF0tUUdn8WOCo_pqX0XcztzpfMGPrkmRAwYpKn7__Z6X0y3dPFyTqsYN.ee1fqWXLwHBw_KZydzwd4BNYc5WH3u3tIJPz408g4uMiOweMRkm81ffxhPIU9xI_CQxqeLgEZ1qBlWjpkTYI5jTzGxgxDGjJF.4lVtkfpazF1VojL.eucSWwSgdkfDvFQWzsvHJcKKIevYIWRpiY.rG2iNV4JwofIVKupJAy5A1NmyxxtwqgNsOpj0hXIa628sCe1jY4vcXP9IP.DkJ5CpBjwYL.7ykWUYEL8AlNEGsHjTyBeT0dYGzVs9WF1beqFEuJWQE.JnL34LKnLdIr8LAGQoL78J0gxr_K2h9Lz5quoIpJWGUiqo.gvX2LNYdqIc2z8RJcCOjlOLngC49E3Qv4qjopN5pK5N92Kpg9vQLJ2fK5O4ypAjZP4aR8j46qA1iR11umL0iwRfkOb15aQZuuMq2IjA3Z1F.G5U_kTQVBibZy5RRw3MRzpadBkQJrfnPXBAwMOjz6eQiLRW0vgtHmn2H_zNcMLR2xRzPam5kRNESZhVRKFBiUrDovYB.y2e3d5rr.jnGasG3aEFTWPGiCYZ4ysY5VC__eledRjTNXf9IMDnz.ghNbRH5H6VjOSuVImuSuZqCXGxcfsWgF_GyYont1WG9zXHaV9B8P1NnT9iZ5Is9JtAklNZ3sAvRGKL1X_2DzZAG.CRCf77vpi.YhUrCpd9rwBgEzTHv5gYHhfHwh20E07QUOPzm5dQfhnV3bnjzGo1xOjDt5KUFSjCRdZttgzVy809XDhfIwxlJ.bi50ibP1w4gRuYeZ_HjTWXDEDPTxZEl2ES.yE6rNo4f2Emp1lC7IOVOVgf4c7t3PxEIGcuq8PvP_mcjMbmzV0W9IlzkQQc8Ezu3lXdML6ZopCINA43hza48qIDuBQUTAOKiEm2qtt3Y8P65fR480pksWZI4vvvt5m4S4g1nJexp.m7jC_CO3PUhylNhExwHs8LdGpdEVXFPcl0bwt.JSpY92c68pAbr_HkfqEMTpo79U7lFY7Z1.KlfFCmpy1oJt3gbjZES2eYfXURW7XoMJzOUQySVgfwvsv8nSlEsY.nMXz8wqaafOlVC4tC.JLjcP4iFIuSHivFC1VfLKdOjGHx8KEqYX_1_ITBNz3sPFSEIjh5ii78YUYxTNxx2s._76Lp8on9CddcMtaGQdn9Jtwn07LLevCRcm.QVjShvQvOj5FadRzizrJCNtiW0gw7rF8E9KYBQVhb_p5VXinHTFj9TkfaEfV3u71zi7fa1a4s1EInq9t1xTwINdn8b785S4NyJmyRzuDri76SfF07sPqjvtaKB2QcN8OK.QYhaVqwZqHJwW33K5FJ4SLaTPDTyCvB1oXsTMa.FqZIXWxW1rkk2gw1ZDaw2jN515O92eckZCXjRkZlkNXxvbhWoaf8yXm2rNUZRLwTredIwbh.s7zV9j3_hVI6xQmpB8iWExN2GYmYzp5daVsU3PNj8kTL9D.q2bcsCbYpksOgHEnlrSBlSSeN.DcQTW16sUwtwowc4a4q7s680tIGrhEmoMa98pZLbXs57XKNeRx35yfVlzCtDyzDgR2Nb4pEaqZH_5G6VV4E1qnYpcZ6rk47OaZwiSzHJth7jCEeR09frLHT3WE8CntA.kWwGx5jNTNLeutoRbKW4R57Gl7HemgMr8Sx.lCq2MXtyGtrFR4.6Nx.tDO8rVCRwIPf88WwyR1baL4KQMw39aNO5Z0lIjfRZ4YJO8SZp0XGIr9h7iUH1zRnROp9BTkMzNViZOLeNiaA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913561466a4e7e17';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=refrigerants&__cf_chl_rt_tk=._pHc_KGVBvr6PIhdgT_9.TgJ1xLL2_Iuzh_3QlVqm4-1739791140-1.0.1.1-L3NbUySskOc3RzHzOkZqwN1kPBtdfJALY3UzFyRtBAU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>