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Iqbal</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Naseer Iqbal"> <meta name="keywords" content="Naseer Iqbal"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Naseer Iqbal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 206</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Naseer Iqbal</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> The Death of God: Between Nietzsche and Muhammad Iqbal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maruf%20Hasan">Maruf Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article will investigate how Muhammad Iqbal integrated key aspects of Nietzsche's philosophy into Islamic spirituality. At the same time, it sees how Iqbal developed a Tawhidic paradigm which differed from Nietzsche's atheism. The literary study of Nietzsche and Iqbal's texts, as well as their influence on Western and Muslim discourse, are used in this study as part of a qualitative research methodology. The result is that Iqbal accepted most of Nietzsche's ideas, while affirming Islamic Aqida. The article's conclusion is that, so long as a Tawhidic paradigm is upheld, there are no restrictions on the integration of knowledge. Iqbal's writings serve as a template for the fusion of Western and Islamic thought, presenting a solution to the apparent incompatibility of these two sets of beliefs. In order to deepen our awareness of the world and foster respect and understanding among cultures and religions, this research emphasizes the value of connecting with other perspectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nietzsche" title="Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal" title=" Muhammad Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-Islamism" title=" post-Islamism"> post-Islamism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-Islamism%20interpretative%20approach" title=" post-Islamism interpretative approach"> post-Islamism interpretative approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165668/the-death-of-god-between-nietzsche-and-muhammad-iqbal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Emotional Intelligence and Age in Open Distance Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naila%20Naseer">Naila Naseer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emotional Intelligence (EI) concept is not new yet unique and interesting. EI is a person’s ability to be aware of his/her own emotions and to manage, handle and communicate emotions with others effectively. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and age of graduate level students at Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU). Population consisted of Allama Iqbal Open University students (B.Ed 3rd Semester, Autumn 2007) from Rawalpindi and Islamabad regions. Total number of sample consisted of 469 participants was randomly drawn out by using table of random numbers. Bar-On EQ-i was administered on the participants through personal contact. The instrument was also validated through pilot study on a random sample of 50 participants (B.Ed students Spring 2006), who had completed their B.Ed degree successfully. Data was analyzed and tabulated in percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, correlation, and scatter gram in SPSS (version 16.0 for windows). The results revealed that students with higher age group had scored low on the scale (Bar-On EQ-i). Moreover, the students in low age groups exhibited higher levels of EI as compared with old age students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20intelligence" title="emotional intelligence">emotional intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20level" title=" age level"> age level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion-related%20feelings" title=" emotion-related feelings "> emotion-related feelings </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22452/emotional-intelligence-and-age-in-open-distance-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Iqbal's Philosophy of Action in the Light of Contemporary Philosophy of Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevcan%20Ozturk">Sevcan Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to analyze the twentieth-century Muslim philosopher Muhammad Iqbal’s philosophy of action in the light of the main issues of contemporary philosophy of action. Iqbal is one of the most celebrated and eminent figures of modern Islamic thought. However, a review of the works on Iqbal shows that most of the central concepts of his philosophy have not received enough attention. His notion of ‘action’ in its philosophical context is one of these concepts. One of the main characteristics of Iqbal’s approach is that he develops his discussion around the main themes of contemporary philosophy of action, which includes ontological and conceptual questions regarding the nature of human actions. He also discusses that action is the only way to develop human personality, and that the human being can only achieve immortality promised by Islam through his actions. Therefore, while presenting an approach that can be read in the light of contemporary philosophy of action, which has become one of the significant parts of modern philosophical discussions in the west particularly since the nineteenth century, he, at the same time, develops his own philosophy of action in the light of Islamic resources. Consequently, these two main characteristics of his discussion of the notion of action make his philosophy of action an important contribution to contemporary philosophy of action, a field that ignores the discussions of Muslim philosophers on action. Therefore, this paper aims at highlighting Iqbal’s contribution to the modern debate of action by analysing Iqbal’s notion of action in the light of the contemporary issues of philosophy of action. This will, first of all, include an examination of contemporary action theory. Although the main discussions of contemporary philosophy of action will provide the methodology of this study, the main paradigms of Iqbal’s approach to the notion of action will also be considered during the examination of the discussions of philosophy of action. Then, Iqbal’s own philosophy of action will be established in the light of the contemporary philosophy of action. It is hoped that this paper will cultivate a dialogue between Iqbal scholars and those working in the field of philosophy of action, and that it will be a contribution to the fields of Iqbal studies, philosophy of action, and intercultural philosophy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action" title="action">action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20of%20personality" title=" development of personality"> development of personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal" title=" Muhammad Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20action" title=" philosophy of action"> philosophy of action</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64781/iqbals-philosophy-of-action-in-the-light-of-contemporary-philosophy-of-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> A Kierkegaardian Reading of Iqbal's Poetry as a Communicative Act</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevcan%20Ozturk">Sevcan Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overall aim of this paper is to present a Kierkegaardian approach to Iqbal’s use of literature as a form of communication. Despite belonging to different historical, cultural, and religious backgrounds, the philosophical approaches of Soren Kierkegaard, ‘the father of existentialism,' and Muhammad Iqbal ‘the spiritual father of Pakistan’ present certain parallels. Both Kierkegaard and Iqbal take human existence as the starting point for their reflections, emphasise the subject of becoming genuine religious personalities, and develop a notion of the self. While doing these they both adopt parallel methods, employ literary techniques and poetical forms, and use their literary works as a form of communication. The problem is that Iqbal does not provide a clear account of his method as Kierkegaard does in his works. As a result, Iqbal’s literary approach appears to be a collection of contradictions. This is mainly because despite he writes most of his works in the poetical form, he condemns all kinds of art including poetry. Moreover, while attacking on Islamic mysticism, he, at the same time, uses classical literary forms, and a number of traditional mystical, poetic symbols. This paper will argue that the contradictions found in Iqbal’s approach are actually a significant part of Iqbal’s way of communicating his reader. It is the contention of this paper that with the help of the parallels between the literary and philosophical theories of Kierkegaard and Iqbal, the application of Kierkegaard’s method to Iqbal’s use of poetry as a communicative act will make it possible to dispel the seeming ambiguities in Iqbal’s literary approach. The application of Kierkegaard’s theory to Iqbal’s literary method will include an analysis of the main principles of Kierkegaard’s own literary technique of ‘indirect communication,' which is a crucial term of his existentialist philosophy. Second, the clash between what Iqbal’s says about art and poetry and what he does will be highlighted in the light of Kierkegaardian theory of indirect communication. It will be argued that Iqbal’s literary technique can be considered as a form of ‘indirect communication,' and that reading his technique in this way helps on dispelling the contradictions in his approach. It is hoped that this paper will cultivate a dialogue between those who work in the fields of comparative philosophy Kierkegaard studies, existentialism, contemporary Islamic thought, Iqbal studies, and literary criticism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20philosophy" title="comparative philosophy">comparative philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existentialism" title=" existentialism"> existentialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indirect%20communication" title=" indirect communication"> indirect communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20philosophy" title=" intercultural philosophy"> intercultural philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20communication" title=" literary communication"> literary communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal" title=" Muhammad Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soren%20Kierkegaard" title=" Soren Kierkegaard"> Soren Kierkegaard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64245/a-kierkegaardian-reading-of-iqbals-poetry-as-a-communicative-act" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Freedom, Thought, and the Will: A Philosophical Reconstruction of Muhammad Iqbal’s Conception of Human Agency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20ul%20Haq">Anwar ul Haq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Muhammad Iqbal was arguably the most significant South Asian Islamic philosopher of the last two centuries. While he is the most revered philosopher of the region, particularly in Pakistan, he is probably the least studied philosopher outside the region. The paper offers a philosophical reconstruction of Iqbal’s view of human agency; it has three sections. Section 1 focuses on Iqbal’s starting point of reflection in practical philosophy (inspired by Kant): our consciousness of ourselves as free agents. The paper brings out Iqbal’s continuity with Kant but also his divergence, in particular his non-Kantian view that we possess a non-sensory intuition of ourselves as free personal causes. It also offer an argument on Iqbal’s behalf for this claim, which is meant as a defense against a Kantian objection to the possibility of intuition of freedom and a skeptic’s challenge to the possibility of freedom in general. Remaining part of the paper offers a reconstruction of Iqbal’s two preconditions of the possibility of free agency. Section 2 discusses the first precondition, namely, the unity of consciousness involved in thought (this is a precondition of agency whether or not it is free). The unity has two aspects, a quantitative (or numerical) aspect and a qualitative (or rational) one. Section 2 offers a defense of these two aspects of the unity of consciousness presupposed by agency by focusing, with Iqbal, on the case of inference.Section 3 discusses a second precondition of the possibility of free agency, that thought and will must be identical in a free agent. Iqbal offers this condition in relief against Bergson’s view. Bergson (on Iqbal’s reading of him) argues that freedom of the will is possible only if the will’s ends are entirely its own and are wholly undetermined by anything from without, not even by thought. Iqbal observes that Bergson’s position ends in an insurmountable dualism of will and thought. Bergson’s view, Iqbal argues in particular, rests on an untenable conception of what an end consists in. An end, correctly understood, is framed by a thinking faculty, the intellect, and not by an extra-rational faculty. The present section outlines Iqbal’s argument for this claim, which rests on the premise that ends possess a certain unity which is intrinsic to particular ends and holds together different ends, and this unity is none other than the quantitative and qualitative unity of a thinking consciousness but in its practical application. Having secured the rational origin of ends, Iqbal argues that a free will must be identical with thought, or else it will be determined from without and won’t be free on that account. Freedom of the self is not a freedom from thought but a freedom in thought: it involves the ability to live a thoughtful life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iqbal" title="iqbal">iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom" title=" freedom"> freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=will" title=" will"> will</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self" title=" self"> self</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172247/freedom-thought-and-the-will-a-philosophical-reconstruction-of-muhammad-iqbals-conception-of-human-agency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Ideology versus Faith in the Collective Political Identity Formation: An Analysis of the Thoughts of Iqbal and Jinnah-The Founding Fathers of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajjad-ur-Rehman">Muhammad Sajjad-ur-Rehman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pakistan was meant to be a progressive modern Muslim nation state since its inception in 1947. Its birth was a big hope for the Muslims of Sub-continent to transform their societies on Islamic lines—the promise which made them unite and vote for Pakistan during independence movement. This was the vision put forwarded by Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah—the two founding fathers of Pakistan. Dwelling on interpretive/ analytical approach, this paper analyzes the thoughts and reflections of Iqbal and Jinnah to understand the issues of collective identity formation in Pakistan. It argues that there may be traced two distinct identity models in the thoughts and reflections of these two leading figures of Pakistan movement: First may be called as ‘faith-based identity model’ while the other may be named as ‘interests-based identity model’. These can also be entitled as ‘Islam-as-faith model’ and ‘Islam-as-ideology model’. Former seeks the diffusion of power by cultural/ faith based means and thus society remains independent in determining its change. While the later goes on to open and expand the power realm by maximizing the role of state in determining the social change. With the help of these models, it can better be explained that what made Pakistani society fail in the collective political identity construction, hindering thus the political potential of the society to be utilized for initiating state formation and societal growth. As a result, today, we see a state that is often rebelled and resisted on the name of ethnicity, religion and sectarianism on one hand and by the ordinary folk when and wherever possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idealogy" title="idealogy">idealogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqbal" title=" Iqbal"> Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinnah" title=" Jinnah"> Jinnah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194147/ideology-versus-faith-in-the-collective-political-identity-formation-an-analysis-of-the-thoughts-of-iqbal-and-jinnah-the-founding-fathers-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Binding Studies and Structure Determination of the Recombinantly Produced Type-II 3-Dehydroquinate Dehydratase from Acinetobacter Baumannii </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseer%20Iqbal">Naseer Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Kumar"> Mukesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Sharma"> Pradeep Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satya%20Prakash%20Yadav"> Satya Prakash Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punit%20Kaur"> Punit Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujata%20%20Sharma"> Sujata Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20P.%20Singh"> T. P. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dehydroquinase (3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, DHQD, EC 4.2.1.10) is involved in shikimate pathway and catalyzes the conversion of dehydroquinate to dehydroshikimate. Shikimate pathway is important drug target as this pathway is absent in mammals. DHQD from Acinetobacter baumannii (AbDHQD) was cloned, expressed and purified to homogeneity. The binding studies showed that compounds quinic acid and citrazinic acid bound to AbDHQD at micromolar concentrations. AbDHQD was crystallized using 30% PEG-3350, 50mM tris-HCl, and 1.0M MgSO4 at PH 8.0. Crystals of AbDHQD were stabilized by transferring them into reservoir solution to which 25% glycerol was added for data collection at 100K. The X-ray intensity data were collected to 2.0Å resolution. The crystals belong to monoclinic space group P21 with cell dimensions, a = 82.3, b = 95.3, c = 132.3Å and β = 95.7°. The structure was solved with molecular replacement method and refined to Rcryst/Rfree factors of 0.200/0.232. The structures of 12 crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetry unit were identical with r.m.s shifts for the C atoms ranging from 0.3 Å to 0.8 Å. They formed a dodecamer with four trimers arranged in a tetrahedral manner. The classical lid adopted an open conformation although a sulfate ion was observed in the substrate binding site. As a result of which, the compounds quinic acid and citrazinic acid did not bind to AbDHQD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acinetobacter%20Bauman%20Nii" title="acinetobacter Bauman Nii">acinetobacter Bauman Nii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehydroquinate%20dehydratase" title=" dehydroquinate dehydratase"> dehydroquinate dehydratase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dodecamer" title=" dodecamer"> dodecamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20conformation" title=" open conformation"> open conformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60811/binding-studies-and-structure-determination-of-the-recombinantly-produced-type-ii-3-dehydroquinate-dehydratase-from-acinetobacter-baumannii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Re-Visiting Rumi and Iqbal on Self-Enhancement for Social Responsibility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Y.%20Uppal">Javed Y. Uppal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The background of this study is the great degree of stress that the world is experiencing today, internationally among the countries, within a community among people, and even individually within one’s own self. The significance of the study is the attempt to find a solution of this stress in the philosophy of the olden times of Jalaluddin Rumi and comparatively recently of that of Allama Iqbal. The methodology adopted in this paper is firstly exploration of the perspectives of these philosophers that are being consolidated by a number of psychic and spiritual experts of today, who are being widely read but less followed. This paper further goes on presenting brief life sketches of Rumi and Iqbal. It expounds the key concepts proposed by them and the social change that was resulted in the times of the two above mentioned metaphysical philosophers. It is further amplified that with the recent advancements, in both metaphysics and the physical sciences, the gap between the two is closing down. Both Rumi and Iqbal emphasized their common essence. The old time's concepts, postulates, and philosophies are hence once again becoming valid. The findings of this paper are that the existence of human empathy, affection and mutual social attraction among humans is still valid. The positive inner belief system that dictates our thoughts and actions is vital. As a conclusion, empathy should enable us solving our problems collectively. We need to strengthen our inner communication system, to listen to the messages that come to our inner-selves. We need to get guidance and strength from them. We need to value common needs and purposes collectively to achieve results. Spiritual energy among us is to be harnessed and utilized. Connectivity is to be recognized to unify and strengthen ties among people. Mutual bonding at small and large group levels is to be employed for the survival of the disadvantaged, and sustainability of the empowering trends. With the above guidelines, hopefully, we can define a framework towards a brave and happy new humane world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belief%20system" title="belief system">belief system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectivity" title=" connectivity"> connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20empathy" title=" human empathy"> human empathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inner-self" title=" inner-self"> inner-self</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20bonding" title=" mutual bonding"> mutual bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiritual%20energy" title=" spiritual energy"> spiritual energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100099/re-visiting-rumi-and-iqbal-on-self-enhancement-for-social-responsibility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Television Commercial Ideation: Considerations for the Future</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Farooq">Rashid Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moazzam%20Naseer"> Moazzam Naseer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehan%20Hasan"> Rehan Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing challenges posed to the creativity in the discipline of advertising during time’s movement towards the maturity of The Third Wave – a concept of change by Toffler, have to be the major theme of this study. Creative concepts for the changing media landscape are becoming a challenge for the creative industry as Stein says that the usefulness is a dimension no creative work could avoid. Furthermore, Spencer points out that the global capitalist society provides a base for the development of digital technologies. Innovation within the discipline of creativity is reshaping this process. In this review article, the role of creativity and innovation in the development and delivery of the message has to be examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title="advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title=" creativity"> creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideation" title=" ideation"> ideation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20media" title=" new media"> new media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140263/television-commercial-ideation-considerations-for-the-future" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Landfill Site Selection Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis A Case Study for Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town, Karachi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javeria%20Arain">Javeria Arain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Malik"> Saad Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management of solid waste is a crucial and essential aspect of urban environmental management especially in a city with an ever increasing population such as Karachi. The total amount of municipal solid waste generated from Gulshan e Iqbal town on average is 444.48 tons per day and landfill sites are a widely accepted solution for final disposal of this waste. However, an improperly selected site can have immense environmental, economical and ecological impacts. To select an appropriate landfill site a number of factors should be kept into consideration to minimize the potential hazards of solid waste. The purpose of this research is to analyse the study area for the construction of an appropriate landfill site for disposal of municipal solid waste generated from Gulshan e-Iqbal Town by using geospatial techniques considering hydrological, geological, social and geomorphological factors. This was achieved using analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy analysis as a decision support tool with integration of geographic information sciences techniques. Eight most critical parameters, relevant to the study area, were selected. After generation of thematic layers for each parameter, overlay analysis was performed in ArcGIS 10.0 software. The results produced by both methods were then compared with each other and the final suitability map using AHP shows that 19% of the total area is Least Suitable, 6% is Suitable but avoided, 46% is Moderately Suitable, 26% is Suitable, 2% is Most Suitable and 1% is Restricted. In comparison the output map of fuzzy set theory is not in crisp logic rather it provides an output map with a range of 0-1, where 0 indicates least suitable and 1 indicates most suitable site. Considering the results it is deduced that the northern part of the city is appropriate for constructing the landfill site though a final decision for an optimal site could be made after field survey and considering economical and political factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Analytical%20Hierarchy%20Process%20%28AHP%29" title="Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)">Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20set%20theory" title=" fuzzy set theory"> fuzzy set theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geographic%20Information%20Sciences%20%28GIS%29" title=" Geographic Information Sciences (GIS)"> Geographic Information Sciences (GIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi-Criteria%20Decision%20Analysis%20%28MCDA%29" title=" Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)"> Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22219/landfill-site-selection-using-multi-criteria-decision-analysis-a-case-study-for-gulshan-e-iqbal-town-karachi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Correlation between Microalbuminuria and Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetic Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alia%20Ali">Alia Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azeem%20Taj"> Azeem Taj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammed%20Joher%20Amin"> Muhammed Joher Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farrukh%20Iqbal"> Farrukh Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal"> Zafar Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Hypertension is commonly found in patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). Microalbuminuria is the first clinical sign of involvement of kidneys in patients with type 2 diabetes. Uncontrolled hypertension induces a higher risk of cardiovascular events, including death, increasing proteinuria and progression to kidney disease. Objectives: To determine the correlation between microalbuminuria and hypertension and their association with other risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: One hundred and thirteen type 2 diabetic patients were screened for microalbuminuria and raised blood pressure, attending the diabetic clinic of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The study was conducted from November 2012 to June 2013. Results: Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1, those with normoalbuminuria (n=63) and Group 2, those having microalbuminuria (n=50). Group 2 patients showed higher blood pressure values as compared to Group 1. The results were statistically significant and showed poor glycemic control as a contributing risk factor. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is high frequency of hypertension among type 2 diabetics but still much higher among those having microalbuminuria. So, early recognition of renal dysfunction through detection of microalbuminuria and to start treatment without any delay will confer future protection from end-stage renal disease as well as hypertension and its complications in type 2 diabetic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title="hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalbuminuria" title=" microalbuminuria"> microalbuminuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20kidney%20disease" title=" diabetic kidney disease"> diabetic kidney disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20Diabetes%20mellitus" title=" type 2 Diabetes mellitus"> type 2 Diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9924/correlation-between-microalbuminuria-and-hypertension-in-type-2-diabetic-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Detentions in Kashmir: A Review of Impact of J&K PSA, 1978</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseer%20Ahmad%20Bhat">Naseer Ahmad Bhat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978 provides for administrative detention in Jammu and Kashmir, a disputed region between India & Pakistan, since 1947. This paper shall critically analyse the working of PSA (Public Safety Act) in this J&K since 1978, since its inception. Detentions under this Act traverse between the security of the State and Liberty of citizens but over decades, has this Act served its purpose in Kashmir or not shall be analysed in this paper. J&K PSA is used to detain political workers, Over-Ground Workers and Stone Pelters who pose a direct threat to the ‘security of the State.’ Detentions under J&K PSA are a good measure in the hands of Security agencies to bring calm during periods of turmoil, but it has socio-economic consequences for detainees as well as families. This paper shall highlight the Socio-Economic impact of detentions under J&K PSA on individuals and families. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detentions" title="detentions">detentions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashmir" title=" Kashmir"> Kashmir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20safety%20act" title=" public safety act"> public safety act</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberty" title=" liberty"> liberty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141730/detentions-in-kashmir-a-review-of-impact-of-jk-psa-1978" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Response of Full-Scale Room Building Against Blast Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eid%20Badshah">Eid Badshah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Naseer"> Amjad Naseer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Ashraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper full-scale brick masonry room along with the veranda of a typical school building was subjected to eight successive blast tests with increasing charge weights ranging from 0.5kg to 16.02kg at 3.66m fixed stand-off distance. Pressure-time histories were obtained by data acquisition system from pressure sensors, installed on different points of room as well as veranda columns. The resulting damage pattern of different locations was observed during each test. Weak zones of masonry room were identified. Scaled distances for different damage levels in masonry room were experimentally obtained. The results provided a basis for determining the response of masonry room building against blast loading in a specific threat scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20pressure" title="peak pressure">peak pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition-B" title=" composition-B"> composition-B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TNT" title=" TNT"> TNT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20sensor" title=" pressure sensor"> pressure sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaled%20distance" title=" scaled distance"> scaled distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry" title=" masonry"> masonry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157393/response-of-full-scale-room-building-against-blast-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Infectivity of Hyalomma Ticks for Theileria annulata Using 18s rRNA PCR </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20S.%20Sajid">Muhammad S. Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Iqbal"> A. Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kausar"> A. Kausar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jawad-ul-Hassan"> M. Jawad-ul-Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Iqbal"> Z. Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20M.%20Rizwan"> Hafiz M. Rizwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saqib"> M. Saqib </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the ixodid ticks, species of genus Hyalomma are of prime importance as they can survive in harsh conditions better than those of other species. Similarly, among various tick-borne pathogens, Theileria (T.) annulata, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis in large ruminants, is responsible for reduced productivity and ultimately substantial economic losses due to morbidity and mortality. The present study was planned to screening of vector ticks through molecular techniques for determination of tick-borne theileriosis in district Toba Tek Singh (T. T. Singh), Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, among the collected ticks (n = 2252) from livestock and their microclimate, Hyalomma spp. were subjected to dissection for procurement of salivary glands (SGs) and formation of pool (averaged 8 acini in each pool). Each pool of acini was used for DNA extraction, quantification and primer-specific amplification of 18S rRNA of Theileria (T.) annulata. The amplicons were electrophoresed using 1.8% agarose gel following by imaging to identify the band specific for T. annulata. For confirmation, the positive amplicons were subjected to sequencing, BLAST analysis and homology search using NCBI software. The number of Theileria-infected acini was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in female ticks vs male ticks, infesting ticks vs questing ticks and riverine-collected vs non-riverine collected. The data provides first attempt to quantify the vectoral capacity of ixodid ticks in Pakistan for T. annulata which can be helpful in estimation of risk analysis of theileriosis to the domestic livestock population of the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyalomma%20anatolicum" title="Hyalomma anatolicum">Hyalomma anatolicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ixodids" title=" ixodids"> ixodids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theileria%20annulata" title=" Theileria annulata"> Theileria annulata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69572/infectivity-of-hyalomma-ticks-for-theileria-annulata-using-18s-rrna-pcr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Influence of Pseudomonas japonica on Growth and Metal Tolerance of Celosia cristata L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair%20Mushtaq">Muhammad Umair Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameena%20Iqbal"> Ameena Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Aqib%20Hassan%20Ali%20Khan"> Muhammad Aqib Hassan Ali Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismat%20Nawaz"> Ismat Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Yousaf"> Sohail Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazhar%20Iqbal"> Mazhar Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are one of the priority pollutants as they pose serious health and environmental threats. They can be removed by various physiochemical methods but are costly and responsible for additional environmental problems. Bioremediation that exploits plants and their associated microbes have been referred as cost effective and environmental friendly technique. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the potential of Celosia cristata and effects of bacteria, Pseudomonas japonica, and organic amendment moss/compost on tolerating/accumulating heavy metals. Two weeks old seedlings were transferred to soil in pots, and after four weeks they were inoculated with bacterial strain, while after growth of six weeks they were watered with a metal containing synthetic wastewater and were harvested after a growth period of nine weeks. After harvesting, morphological and physiological parameters and metal content of plants were measured. The results showed highest plant growth and biomass production in case of organic amendments while highest metal uptake has been found in non-amended pots. Positive controls have shown highest Pb uptake of 2900 mg/kg DW, while P. japonica amended pots have shown highest Cd, Cr, Ni and Cu uptake of 963.53, 1481.17, 1022.01 and 602.17 mg/kg DW, respectively. In conclusion organic amendments have strong impacts on growth enhancement while P. japonica enhances metal translocation and accumulation to aerial parts with little significant involvement in plant growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ornamental%20plants" title="ornamental plants">ornamental plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20microbe%20interaction" title=" plant microbe interaction"> plant microbe interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amendments" title=" amendments"> amendments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71841/influence-of-pseudomonas-japonica-on-growth-and-metal-tolerance-of-celosia-cristata-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Hand Gestures Based Emotion Identification Using Flex Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ali">S. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Yunus"> R. Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Arif"> A. Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ayaz"> Y. Ayaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Baber%20Sial"> M. Baber Sial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Asif"> R. Asif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Naseer"> N. Naseer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jawad%20Khan"> M. Jawad Khan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we have proposed a gesture to emotion recognition method using flex sensors mounted on metacarpophalangeal joints. The flex sensors are fixed in a wearable glove. The data from the glove are sent to PC using Wi-Fi. Four gestures: finger pointing, thumbs up, fist open and fist close are performed by five subjects. Each gesture is categorized into sad, happy, and excited class based on the velocity and acceleration of the hand gesture. Seventeen inspectors observed the emotions and hand gestures of the five subjects. The emotional state based on the investigators assessment and acquired movement speed data is compared. Overall, we achieved 77% accurate results. Therefore, the proposed design can be used for emotional state detection applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20identification" title="emotion identification">emotion identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20models" title=" emotion models"> emotion models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gesture%20recognition" title=" gesture recognition"> gesture recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20perception" title=" user perception"> user perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98297/hand-gestures-based-emotion-identification-using-flex-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Mitigating the Negative Effect of Intrabrand Clustering: The Role of Interbrand Clustering and Firm Size</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moeen%20Naseer%20Butt">Moeen Naseer Butt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clustering –geographic concentrations of entities– has recently received more attention in marketing research and has been shown to affect multiple outcomes. This study investigates the impact of intrabrand clustering (clustering of same-brand outlets) on an outlet’s quality performance. Further, it assesses the moderating effects of interbrand clustering (clustering of other-brand outlets) and firm size. An examination of approximately 21,000 food service establishments in New York State in 2019 finds that the impact of intrabrand clustering on an outlet’s quality performance is context-dependent. Specifically, intrabrand clustering decreases, whereas interbrand clustering and firm size help increase the outlet’s performance. Additionally, this study finds that the role of firm size is more substantial than interbrand clustering in mitigating the adverse effects of intrabrand clustering on outlet quality performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraband%20clustering" title="intraband clustering">intraband clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interbrand%20clustering" title=" interbrand clustering"> interbrand clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20size" title=" firm size"> firm size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20competition" title=" brand competition"> brand competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outlet%20performance" title=" outlet performance"> outlet performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20violations" title=" quality violations"> quality violations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155035/mitigating-the-negative-effect-of-intrabrand-clustering-the-role-of-interbrand-clustering-and-firm-size" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> The Governance of UK Museums and Art Galleries: Implications for Accountability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminah%20Abdullah">Aminah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqbal%20Khadaroo"> Iqbal Khadaroo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates to what ends, how and by whom museums and art galleries in the UK are governed, and to whom they provide accounts to justify their behavior and activities. A theoretical framework is developed by drawing from the governance and accountability literature and is fleshed out by using empirical data from secondary sources. The findings show that the governance model used, informed by the new public management (NPM) philosophy, and has created tensions between the managerial and social forms of accountability. Museums and art galleries have adopted a managerial culture of getting done what gets measured. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title="governance">governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accountability" title=" accountability"> accountability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK%20museums%20and%20art%20galleries" title=" UK museums and art galleries"> UK museums and art galleries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sector" title=" public sector"> public sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47142/the-governance-of-uk-museums-and-art-galleries-implications-for-accountability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Future Trends of Mechatronics Engineering in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqeela%20Mir">Aqeela Mir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhtar%20Nawaz%20Malik"> Akhtar Nawaz Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javaid%20Iqbal"> Javaid Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a survey based approach in order to observe the level of awareness regarding Mechatronics in society of Pakistan and the factors affecting the future development trend of Mechatronics in Pakistan. With the help of these surveys a new direction for making a Mathematical model for the future development trend of Mechatronics in Pakistan is also suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechatronics%20society%20survey" title="mechatronics society survey">mechatronics society survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20development%20trend%20of%20mechatronics%20in%20pakistan" title=" future development trend of mechatronics in pakistan"> future development trend of mechatronics in pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20estimation" title=" probability estimation"> probability estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35089/future-trends-of-mechatronics-engineering-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Working Capital Management Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Iqbal">Asif Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Working capital management has its effect on liquidity as well as on profitability of a firm. In this research we have selected a sample of 100 respondents whose firms are listed on Karachi stock exchange. We have studied the effect of different variable s of working capital management. We find that organizations throughout the world as well as in Pakistan have to give immense recognition to the working capital management as it is an effective thing from their long term perspective especially to their shareholders to have a firm confidence over the companies for investment purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20capital%20management" title="working capital management">working capital management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karachi%20stock%20exchange" title=" Karachi stock exchange"> Karachi stock exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shareholders" title=" shareholders"> shareholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20management" title=" capital management"> capital management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13724/working-capital-management-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Clean Coal Using Coal Bed Methane: A Pollution Control Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arish%20Iqbal">Arish Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Singh"> Santosh Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy from coal is one of the major source of energy throughout the world but taking into consideration its effect on environment 'Clean Coal Technologies' (CCT) came into existence. In this paper we have we studied why CCT’s are essential and what are the different types of CCT’s. Also, the coal and CCT scenario in India is introduced. Coal Bed Methane one of major CCT area is studied in detail. Different types of coal bed methane and its methods of extraction are discussed. The different problem areas during the extraction of CBM are identified and discussed. How CBM can be used as a fuel for future is also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBM%20%28coal%20bed%20methane%29" title="CBM (coal bed methane)">CBM (coal bed methane)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCS%20%28carbon%20capture%20and%20storage%29" title=" CCS (carbon capture and storage)"> CCS (carbon capture and storage)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCT%20%28clean%20coal%20technology%29" title=" CCT (clean coal technology)"> CCT (clean coal technology)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMM%20%28coal%20mining%20methane%29" title=" CMM (coal mining methane)"> CMM (coal mining methane)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80218/clean-coal-using-coal-bed-methane-a-pollution-control-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> An Investigation for Information Asymmetry Nexus IPO Under-Pricing: A Case of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saqib%20Mehmood">Saqib Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Iqbal%20Chaudhry"> Naveed Iqbal Chaudhry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Mehmood"> Asif Mehmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study intends to investigate the information asymmetry theories of IPO and under-pricing in Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to validate the information asymmetry about firm value which leads to under-pricing. A total of 55 IPOs listed from 2000-2011 were included in this study. OLS multiple regression was applied to achieve the objectives of this study. The findings of the study confirm the significance of information asymmetry on under-pricing in Pakistan. The findings have implications for issuing firms and prospective investors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title="information asymmetry">information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20public%20offerings" title=" initial public offerings"> initial public offerings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under-pricing" title=" under-pricing"> under-pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20value" title=" firm value"> firm value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15450/an-investigation-for-information-asymmetry-nexus-ipo-under-pricing-a-case-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Simulation and Characterization of Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Organic Photovoltaics Using Physics Based Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20Shahul%20Hameed">T. A. Shahul Hameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Predeep"> P. Predeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anju%20Iqbal"> Anju Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Baiju"> M. R. Baiju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research and development in organic photovoltaic cells and Organic Light Emitting Diodes have gained wider acceptance due to the advent of many advanced techniques to enhance the efficiency and operational hours. Here we report our work on design, simulation and characterizationracterize the bulk heterojunction organic photo cell and polymer light emitting diodes in different layer configurations using ATLAS, a licensed device simulation tool. Bulk heterojuction and multilayer devices were simulated for comparing their performance parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOMO" title="HOMO">HOMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LUMO" title=" LUMO"> LUMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLED" title=" PLED"> PLED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPV" title=" OPV"> OPV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18873/simulation-and-characterization-of-organic-light-emitting-diodes-and-organic-photovoltaics-using-physics-based-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Differential Transform Method: Some Important Examples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jamil%20Amir">M. Jamil Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Iqbal"> Rabia Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yaseen"> M. Yaseen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we solve some differential equations analytically by using differential transform method. For this purpose, we consider four models of Laplace equation with two Dirichlet and two Neumann boundary conditions and K(2,2) equation and obtain the corresponding exact solutions. The obtained results show the simplicity of the method and massive reduction in calculations when one compares it with other iterative methods, available in literature. It is worth mentioning that here only a few number of iterations are required to reach the closed form solutions as series expansions of some known functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20transform%20method" title="differential transform method">differential transform method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laplace%20equation" title=" laplace equation"> laplace equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirichlet%20boundary%20conditions" title=" Dirichlet boundary conditions"> Dirichlet boundary conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neumann%20boundary%20conditions" title=" Neumann boundary conditions"> Neumann boundary conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18605/differential-transform-method-some-important-examples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Broad Spectrum Biofilm Inhibition by Chitosanase Purified from Bacillus licheniformis Isolated from Spoilt Vegetables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahira%20Nsayef%20Muslim">Sahira Nsayef Muslim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israa%20M.%20S.%20Al-Kadmy"> Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadheema%20Hammood%20Hussein"> Nadheema Hammood Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Naseer%20Mohammed%20Ali"> Alaa Naseer Mohammed Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buthainah%20Mohammed%20Taha"> Buthainah Mohammed Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayim%20Sabah%20Abbood"> Rayim Sabah Abbood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Naji%20Aziz"> Sarah Naji Aziz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel strain of Bacillus licheniformis isolated from spoilt cucumber and pepper samples have the ability to produce the chitosanase enzyme when grown on chitosan substrate. Chitosanase was purified to homogeneity with a recovery yield of 35.71% and 5.5 fold of purification by using ammonium sulfate at 45% saturation followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column. The purified chitosanase inhibited the biofilm formation ability for all Gram-negative and Gram-positive biofilm-forming bacteria (biofilm producers) after using Congo Red agar and Microtiter plates methods. Highly antibiofilm of chitosanase recorded against Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with reduction of biofilm formation ratio to 22 and 29%, respectively compared with (100)% of control. Thus, chitosanase has promising benefit as antibiofilm agent against biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria and has promising application as alternative antibiofilm agents to combat the growing number of multidrug-resistant pathogen-associated infections, especially in situation where biofilms are involved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosanase" title="chitosanase">chitosanase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20licheniformis" title=" Bacillus licheniformis"> Bacillus licheniformis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables" title=" vegetables"> vegetables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm" title=" biofilm"> biofilm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56330/broad-spectrum-biofilm-inhibition-by-chitosanase-purified-from-bacillus-licheniformis-isolated-from-spoilt-vegetables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> The Development of Private Housing Schemes to Address the Housing Problem: A Case Study of Islamabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal%20Zafar">Zafar Iqbal Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Waheed"> Abdul Waheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Capital Development Authority (CDA) Ordinance 1960 requires CDA to acquire land for the provision of housing in Islamabad. However, the pace of residential development was slow and the demand for housing was increasing rapidly. To resolve the growing housing problem, CDA involved the private sector in the development of housing schemes. Detailed bye-laws for regulation of private housing schemes were prepared and these bylaws were called “Modalities & Procedures”. This paper explains how the Modalities and Procedures of CDA have been successful in regulating the development of private housing schemes in Islamabad. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20schemes" title="housing schemes">housing schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=master%20plan" title=" master plan"> master plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20works" title=" development works"> development works</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoning%20regulations" title=" zoning regulations"> zoning regulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145778/the-development-of-private-housing-schemes-to-address-the-housing-problem-a-case-study-of-islamabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Socratic Style of Teaching: An Analysis of Dialectical Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jawwad">Muhammad Jawwad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riffat%20Iqbal"> Riffat Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Socratic method, also known as the dialectical method and elenctic method, has significant relevance in the contemporary educational system. It can be incorporated into modern-day educational systems theoretically as well as practically. Being interactive and dialogue-based in nature, this teaching approach is followed by critical thinking and innovation. The pragmatic value of the Dialectical Method has been discussed in this article, and the limitations of the Socratic method have also been highlighted. The interactive Method of Socrates can be used in many subjects for students of different grades. The Limitations and delimitations of the Method have also been discussed for its proper implementation. This article has attempted to elaborate and analyze the teaching method of Socrates with all its pre-suppositions and Epistemological character. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Socratic%20method" title="Socratic method">Socratic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialectical%20method" title=" dialectical method"> dialectical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtue" title=" virtue"> virtue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149127/socratic-style-of-teaching-an-analysis-of-dialectical-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Viral Metagenomics Revealed a Novel Cardiovirus in Feces of Wild Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Mahmood">Asif Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shama%20Shama"> Shama Shama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Ni"> Hao Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Wang"> Hao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Ling"> Yu Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Xu"> Hui Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shixing%20Yang"> Shixing Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qais%20Ahmad%20Naseer"> Qais Ahmad Naseer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Zhang"> Wen Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cardiovirus is a genus of viruses belonging to the family Picornaviridae. Here, we used viral metagenomic techniques to detect the viral nucleic acid in the fecal samples from wild rats in Zhenjiang city in China. Fecal samples were collected from 20 wild rats and pooled into four sample pools and then subjected to libraries construction which were then sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. The sequenced reads were analyzed using viral metagenomic analysis pipeline. A novel cardiovirus from feces of a wild rat was identified, named amzj-2018, of which the complete genome was acquired. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete amino acid sequence of polyprotein revealed that amzj-2018 formed a separate branch located between clusters of Saffold virus and Rat Theilovirus 1 (RTV-1). Phylogenetic analysis based on different regions of the polyproteins, including P1, P2, P3, and P2+P3, respectively, showed discordant trees, where the tree based on P3 region indicated that amzj-2018 clustered separately between Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus and RTV-1. The complete genome of a cardiovirus was determined from the feces of wild rats which belonged to a novel type of cardiovirus based on phylogenetic analysis. Whether it is associated with disease needs further investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovirus" title="cardiovirus">cardiovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20metagenomics" title=" viral metagenomics"> viral metagenomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genomic%20organization" title=" genomic organization"> genomic organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogenetic%20analysis" title=" phylogenetic analysis"> phylogenetic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192230/viral-metagenomics-revealed-a-novel-cardiovirus-in-feces-of-wild-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Catalytic Study of Natural Gas Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasir%20Iqbal">Nasir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khurram%20Siraj"> Khurram Siraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Raza"> Rizwan Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is the promising technology now days. SOFC can be operated with different types of fuels available. In this work catalytic anode is prepared with metal oxides i.e. Li, Ni, Zn and Sn and tested for catalytic activity with natural gas as a fuel. The operating temperature range is 170-750°C as observed with the help of TGA. Electrical conductivity and fuel cell performance has been observed for four different samples with varying composition of Sn and Zn. It is concluded that the sample having greater concentration of Zn shows better conductivity and power density results. All the results are promising and verified with different characterizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20activity" title="catalytic activity">catalytic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20oxide%20fuel%20cell" title=" solid oxide fuel cell"> solid oxide fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20material" title=" energy material"> energy material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172581/catalytic-study-of-natural-gas-based-solid-oxide-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Global Health Access to Reproductive Care: Vesicovaginal Fistulas and Obstetrics in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aena%20Iqbal">Aena Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lack of access to maternal and reproductive health in Pakistan poses a great threat to global public health. Obstetric issues, including vesicovaginal fistulas (VVF), are the most common in South Asian countries, leaving women in a more vulnerable state. Koohi Goth Women’s Hospital offers free VVF operations, which draws in women from all over Pakistan. Although reproductive health is being handled, mental health is often neglected in these scenarios. Using a series of questions inspired by the Warwick Edinburgh Model, this paper builds on the results from interviewing women who have received vesicovaginal fistula repair surgery on their mental health, a taboo topic in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstetrics" title="obstetrics">obstetrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VVF" title=" VVF"> VVF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20health" title=" reproductive health"> reproductive health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153832/global-health-access-to-reproductive-care-vesicovaginal-fistulas-and-obstetrics-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseer%20Iqbal&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseer%20Iqbal&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseer%20Iqbal&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseer%20Iqbal&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseer%20Iqbal&page=6">6</a></li> 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