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<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="js-disabled"><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"/><title>Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://ourworldindata.org"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml" title="Atom feed for Our World in Data"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="preload" href="/fonts/LatoLatin-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1149943818390250"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta property="og:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta property="og:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/owid.mjs"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?version=4.8.0&features=es2021,es2022,es2023,IntersectionObserver,IntersectionObserverEntry" as="script" data-cloudflare-disable-early-hints="true"/><link rel="preload" href="/assets/owid.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/owid.css"/><meta name="citation_title" content="OWID Homepage"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/02/28"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Our World in Data"/><script>window._OWID_GDOC_PROPS = {"slug":"owid-homepage","published":true,"createdAt":"2024-02-22T21:04:05.000Z","publishedAt":"2024-02-28T15:02:00.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-24T08:59:30.000Z","revisionId":"ALBJ4LuUUuWkXkcVxEYSy4ND8d1LjgcoQhd89q3uEMHaz0FWZpn6pChdBTSF2_LVcOfpgAlaRFGh36ndANSHVg","markdown":"### Popular pages\n* [COVID-19 Data Explorer](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer)\n* [CO₂ & Greenhouse Gas Emissions](https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions)\n* [Child and Infant Mortality](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1h37-KpdZ3qAJ9xSA4OhbmGfmLr3Ydc_z9oHtDTszBuQ/edit)\n* [Artificial Intelligence](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11t6XP9vKLDHeiDOcfaPOoc4TeQxHRixSjEikAlbGe0A/edit)\n* [Energy](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GRYE-mYiSEnes8rXjK6dCNi4KULLJB8KW03AOPci-b8/edit)\n* [Poverty](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UjJLoGF5VMfn8U4C3ZSJQrPhc_jFRkeEhrhz5Ksfq7M/edit)\n* [Global Education](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbKVWqPddBZy0NcHzDG-BSoCsN5tJnok3RXcLo6R9ls/edit)\n\n\n\n- [Browse our Data Insights(https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights)]\n\n<KeyIndicatorCollection>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest\" title=\"What share of children die before their fifth birthday?\" source=\"Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty\" title=\"What share of the population is living in extreme poverty?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy\" title=\"How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN\" title=\"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison\" title=\"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment\" title=\"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA\" title=\"When has literacy become a widespread skill?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest\" title=\"Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?\"/>\n</KeyIndicatorCollection>","publicationContext":"unlisted","breadcrumbs":null,"manualBreadcrumbs":null,"tags":[],"errors":[{"property":"linkedAuthors","message":"Author \"Our World in Data\" does not exist or is not published","type":"warning"}],"donors":[],"imageMetadata":{"baby-boom-featured-image.png":{"id":2879,"filename":"baby-boom-featured-image.png","defaultAlt":null,"updatedAt":1739196339694,"originalWidth":2400,"originalHeight":1260,"cloudflareId":"8ef118fd-a238-4212-76af-2674b5b4d300"},"el-nino-la-nina-featured.png":{"id":3016,"filename":"el-nino-la-nina-featured.png","defaultAlt":"Featured image.","updatedAt":1740466133115,"originalWidth":2400,"originalHeight":1260,"cloudflareId":"40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00"},"foreign-aid-increase-featured.png":{"id":3075,"filename":"foreign-aid-increase-featured.png","defaultAlt":"Featured image","updatedAt":1741086433750,"originalWidth":3600,"originalHeight":1890,"cloudflareId":"486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500"},"foreign-aid-refugees-featured.png":{"id":3187,"filename":"foreign-aid-refugees-featured.png","defaultAlt":"Featured 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During the epidemic's peak, HIV/AIDS accounted for more than half of all deaths in some countries. A steep decline began after the mid-2000s, largely due to improved treatments. A notable drop in 2020-2021 reflects increased COVID-19 deaths impacting overall mortality proportions. Data is sourced from IHME, Global Burden of Disease (2024).","updatedAt":1740063385426,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300"},"bhutan-happiness-mobile.png":{"id":2873,"filename":"bhutan-happiness-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"This scatterplot compares self-reported life satisfaction (y-axis, scale 0-10) to GDP per capita (x-axis, adjusted for inflation and cost of living) across countries. Higher points on the chart indicate greater life satisfaction. Bhutan is highlighted with a red circle at around $10,000 GDP per capita and a life satisfaction score near 5. Neighboring countries with similar GDP per capita, such as Vietnam, Ecuador, and Indonesia, report higher life satisfaction (around 6). Sri Lanka and Lebanon are also marked but differ in both GDP and life satisfaction. Most countries show a positive trend between GDP per capita and life satisfaction. Data sources: World Happiness Report (2012-2024) and World Bank (2023).","updatedAt":1739180677138,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"d84f1a61-797e-4b28-797d-b231f44d5700"},"europe-antibiotics-livestock.png":{"id":2860,"filename":"europe-antibiotics-livestock.png","defaultAlt":"This chart illustrates the percentage reduction in antimicrobial sales (tonnes of active ingredients) used for livestock in selected European countries between 2010 and 2022. The Netherlands achieved the largest reduction (-76%), followed by France (-75%), Italy (-70%), the United Kingdom (-60%), Spain (-43%), and Denmark (-32%). Data source: European Medicines Agency (2023). Note: Only a subset of European countries is highlighted for example purposes.","updatedAt":1738773652281,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"939a44ec-6959-4410-42d0-97909b258600"},"february-2025-was cooler-than-last-february.png":{"id":3211,"filename":"february-2025-was cooler-than-last-february.png","defaultAlt":"A line graph shows temperature variations for February from 1950 to 2025, with a focus on the changes due to climate phenomena. The y-axis represents temperature deviations in degrees Celsius, ranging from -1°C to 1°C. Different colored dots represent data from various years, categorized into phases: Strong La Niña (dark blue), La Niña (blue), Neutral (gray), El Niño (orange), and Strong El Niño (red). \n\nThe text notes that February 2025, marked by a dark blue dot, is cooler than February 2024, indicated by an orange dot, as the La Niña phase has replaced El Niño. An explanatory note emphasizes that typically, months in a La Niña year are cooler than the same months in the preceding El Niño year. \n\nData sources include modified information from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (2025) and the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2025). The graph is licensed under CC BY.","updatedAt":1742552123413,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"e6b70523-591b-473f-5783-0601c7ec9a00"},"global-electricity-fossil-nuclear-renewables.png":{"id":3002,"filename":"global-electricity-fossil-nuclear-renewables.png","defaultAlt":"The chart illustrates the share of global electricity generation by source from 1985 to 2023. Fossil fuels dominate but have declined from about 70% to under 60% in recent years. Renewables, driven by solar and wind, have grown significantly, now surpassing 30% of global electricity generation. Nuclear energy's share has declined steadily from over 15% in the 1990s to around 10%, reflecting its slower growth compared to electricity demand. Data is sourced from Ember and the Statistical Review of World Energy (2024).","updatedAt":1740063405246,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000"},"share-of-births-by-age-of-mother-mobile.png":{"id":3217,"filename":"share-of-births-by-age-of-mother-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"The graphic presents a line chart illustrating the shift in birth rates among older mothers in Europe. The title at the top states, \"Births have shifted to older mothers in Europe,\" and the subtitle notes that it depicts the estimated share of total births by the age of the mother.\n\nThe vertical axis is labeled with percentages from 0% to 70%, while the horizontal axis covers years from 1950 to 2023. There are four lines representing different age groups: \n\n- Women aged 20-29, shown in a light gray line, which hovers around 30% in the early years and gradually declines over time.\n- Women aged 30-39, depicted in a prominent brown line that crosses above 50% since 2015, indicating they became the age group with the most births.\n- Women aged 40-49, represented by a light gray line, which rises slightly in recent years.\n- Women aged 10-19, also shown in light gray, with minimal levels of births throughout the time period.\n\nAnnotations highlight key points: in 2015, women in their 30s surpassed other age groups in births, and in the same year, women in their 40s began having more babies than those aged 10-19. \n\nAt the bottom of the graphic, the data source is cited as \"UN, World Population Prospects (2024),\" along with a copyright indication \"CC BY.\"","updatedAt":1742570228363,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"d0d9a4dd-1dcf-42e2-b3b5-43185a42c300"},"the-sex-gap-in-life-expectancy-varies-around-the-world.png":{"id":3164,"filename":"the-sex-gap-in-life-expectancy-varies-around-the-world.png","defaultAlt":"A world map illustrates the differences in life expectancy between females and males at birth in 2023. Areas shaded in darker purple indicate a greater male life expectancy compared to females, while lighter shades represent regions with higher female life expectancy. Notable data points include Ukraine with a difference of 13.3 years, Russia at 11.8 years, Togo at 0.4 years, and Nigeria at 0.6 years. The data source is the Human Mortality Database (2024) and UN World Population Prospects (2024). The map is attributed with a CC BY license and published by Our World in Data.","updatedAt":1741962207847,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"ec374269-4fc5-41a0-543e-ae240d734b00"}},"linkedAuthors":[],"linkedCharts":{"child-mortality":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"child-mortality","title":"Child mortality rate","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":989105},"share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","title":"Share of population living in extreme 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rate","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":998324},"share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity","title":"Share of the population with access to electricity","tab":"map","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":1007871},"mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","title":"Mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people","tab":"map","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":1008188},"technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","title":"Share of United States households using specific technologies","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states.png","tags":[]},"climate-change":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"climate-change","title":"Climate Change Impacts","subtitle":"Explore the impacts of global climate 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Prospects.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Population and Demographic Change"]},"global-health":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"global-health","title":"Global Health","subtitle":"Explore data on child and maternal health, diseases, life expectancy, and health systems around the world.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/global-health","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Global Health"]},"energy":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"energy","title":"Energy","subtitle":"Explore data on energy production and sources.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Energy"]}},"linkedIndicators":{"900793":{"id":900793,"title":"GDP per capita","attributionShort":"In constant international-$. Historical data – Maddison Project Database"},"989105":{"id":989105,"title":"Under-five mortality rate","attributionShort":"Long-run data – UN IGME; Gapminder"},"990305":{"id":990305,"title":"Share of population living in extreme poverty","attributionShort":"World Bank"},"998324":{"id":998324,"title":"Literacy rate"},"998404":{"id":998404,"title":"Per capita CO₂ emissions","attributionShort":"GCB"},"1002268":{"id":1002268,"title":"Life expectancy at birth","attributionShort":"period tables – Various sources"},"1007871":{"id":1007871,"title":"Share of the population with access to electricity","attributionShort":"World Bank"},"1016950":{"id":1016950,"title":"Share of people that are undernourished","attributionShort":"FAO"}},"linkedDocuments":{"1HO_GZKn1fCVXx6QTx1OqvNWZ7MZbuEsGuvH81SamOZ4":{"id":"1HO_GZKn1fCVXx6QTx1OqvNWZ7MZbuEsGuvH81SamOZ4","title":"For many of us, it doesn’t cost much to improve someone’s life, and we can do much more of it","slug":"foreign-aid-donations-increase","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"March 10, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"Most countries spend less than 1% of their national income on foreign aid; even small increases could make a big difference.","excerpt":"Most countries spend less than 1% of their national income on foreign aid; even small increases could make a big difference.","type":"article","featured-image":"foreign-aid-increase-featured.png"},"1IIijqBdZ9sev_QZ_iAorz3Rh7GI1RiM3fMrdvvaUOLM":{"id":"1IIijqBdZ9sev_QZ_iAorz3Rh7GI1RiM3fMrdvvaUOLM","title":"Why do women live longer than men?","slug":"why-do-women-live-longer-than-men","authors":["Saloni Dattani","Lucas Rodés-Guirao"],"publishedAt":"November 27, 2023","published":true,"subtitle":"Women tend to live longer than men in all countries — but the sex gap in life expectancy is not a constant.","excerpt":"Women tend to live longer than men in all countries — but the sex gap in life expectancy is not a constant.","type":"article","featured-image":"sex-gap-life-expectancy-thumbnail-2.png"},"1MhZ310QD0J5Rt3cceCoiwmglFiOvU1bReX9GyPGs000":{"id":"1MhZ310QD0J5Rt3cceCoiwmglFiOvU1bReX9GyPGs000","title":"The baby boom in seven charts","slug":"baby-boom-seven-charts","authors":["Saloni Dattani","Lucas Rodés-Guirao"],"publishedAt":"February 24, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"The baby boom reshaped family life and drove population growth in many countries. In this article, we explore the key patterns in seven charts.","excerpt":"The baby boom reshaped family life and drove population growth in many countries. In this article, we explore the key patterns in seven charts.","type":"article","featured-image":"baby-boom-featured-image.png"},"1U1GA8TtE3cgSfFg7tjMUby35PB5VaNTgBFaozO6JpzI":{"id":"1U1GA8TtE3cgSfFg7tjMUby35PB5VaNTgBFaozO6JpzI","title":"“Cool” years are now hotter than the “warm” years of the past: tracking global temperatures through El Niño and La Niña","slug":"global-temperatures-el-nino-la-nina","authors":["Veronika Samborska","Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"March 03, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"The world is warming despite natural fluctuations from the El Niño cycle.","excerpt":"The world is warming despite natural fluctuations from the El Niño cycle.","type":"article","featured-image":"el-nino-la-nina-featured.png"},"1YN-T_Mqy0UQCT7SwvWhfd4TcqjSk2PAO5YxLeMi2mP4":{"id":"1YN-T_Mqy0UQCT7SwvWhfd4TcqjSk2PAO5YxLeMi2mP4","title":"How much foreign aid is spent domestically rather than overseas?","slug":"foreign-aid-domestic-overseas","authors":["Simon van Teutem","Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"March 24, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"In many countries, a substantial share of aid is spent domestically on hosting refugees, offering student scholarships, and administrative costs.","excerpt":"In many countries, a significant share of aid is spent domestically on hosting refugees, offering student scholarships, and administrative costs.","type":"article","featured-image":"foreign-aid-refugees-featured.png"}},"latestDataInsights":[{"id":"1UOCtAEoXtguIkQG3w4T9_mKA7DooBWlqQDztrriKWG4","slug":"the-world-is-getting-more-of-its-electricity-from-renewables-but-less-from-nuclear-power","publishedAt":"2025-03-28T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"global-electricity-fossil-nuclear-renewables.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The world needs to move away from fossil fuels to low-carbon power if we’re to reduce our carbon emissions and tackle climate change.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"There are two key sources of low-carbon power: renewables (which include solar, wind, hydropower and others) and nuclear.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"While rapid growth ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy?tab=chart&Total+or+Breakdown=Select+a+source&Energy+or+Electricity=Electricity+only&Metric=Share+of+total&Select+a+source=Solar+and+wind&country=~OWID_WRL","children":[{"text":"in solar and wind","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" has increased the amount of power coming from renewables, a lack of enthusiasm for nuclear means it’s playing a shrinking role in the global electricity mix.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In the chart, you can see the share of global electricity coming from fossil fuels, renewables, and nuclear since 1985. Since 2000, nuclear and renewables have followed very different trajectories. Back then, both categories made up a similar share of global electricity, but today, renewables make up more than three times as much: 30% compared to 9%.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The total amount of electricity produced by nuclear plants is ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy?tab=chart&Total+or+Breakdown=Select+a+source&Energy+or+Electricity=Electricity+only&Metric=Annual+generation&Select+a+source=Nuclear&country=~OWID_WRL","children":[{"text":"almost exactly the same","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" as it was two decades ago. But because the world produces much more electricity overall, its share of the electricity mix has declined.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Explore the electricity mix of different countries in our ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy","children":[{"text":"Energy Data Explorer","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"The world is getting more of its electricity from renewables but less from nuclear power","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"approved-by":"Ed","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-fossil-renewables-nuclear-line"}},{"id":"1m_sGPvxGrxVfYrPZkOE6g0B1PhiqmKWz4u2BVwa3xUE","slug":"at-the-peak-of-the-hiv-epidemic-aids-caused-more-than-half-of-all-deaths-in-some-countries","publishedAt":"2025-03-27T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"aids-deaths-share-africa.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The HIV epidemic — which started in the early 1980s and continued into the 1990s — has had lasting impacts that continue today. 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Extreme poverty is currently defined as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the poorest people in the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Two centuries ago, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty-in-brief","children":[{"text":"the majority","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of the world’s population was extremely poor. Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","children":[{"text":"makes it possible","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" for entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population lives in extreme poverty?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Big improvements were achieved by countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-globally","children":[{"text":"around the world","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/its-not-just-about-child-mortality-life-expectancy-improved-at-all-ages","children":[{"text":"at all ages","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus","children":[{"text":"COVID-19 pandemic","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?","source":"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The main source of carbon dioxide (CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":") emissions is the burning of fossil fuels. It is the primary ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions","children":[{"text":"greenhouse gas","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" causing ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change","children":[{"text":"climate change","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Globally, CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The source for this CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~FRA&Gas+or+Warming=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel+or+Land+Use+Change=All+fossil+emissions&Count=Per+capita","children":[{"text":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","children":[{"text":"average income","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-history-methods","children":[{"text":"were poor","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth","children":[{"text":"economic growth","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" that made it possible ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap","children":[{"text":"to leave","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment","children":[{"text":"Hunger","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/famines","children":[{"text":"famines","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" were common around the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations, literacy levels increased, but ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/better-learning","children":[{"text":"it remains","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" an important challenge for our time to provide this foundational skill to all.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"At Our World in Data, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/how-is-literacy-measured","children":[{"text":"we investigated","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" the strengths and shortcomings of the available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources, including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research publications.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"When has literacy become a widespread skill?","source":"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/light-at-night","children":[{"text":"Light at night","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" makes it possible to get together after sunset; ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","children":[{"text":"mobile phones","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces food waste; and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","children":[{"text":"household appliances","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" free up time from household chores. Access to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/definition-electricity-access","children":[{"text":"most basic","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"}],"spanType":"span-italic"},{"text":" electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no light at night.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest","parseErrors":[]}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"explorer-tiles","title":"Data explorers","subtitle":"Interactive visualization tools to explore a wide range of related indicators.","explorers":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/poverty-explorer"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/global-health"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"homepage","title":"OWID Homepage","authors":["Our World in Data"],"excerpt":"OWID Homepage"},"authors":["Our World in Data"]}</script><script> function setJSEnabled(enabled) { var elem = 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From left to right: Science, Nature, PNAS, BBC, Financial Times, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Atlantic, and The Washington Post" width="230" height="75" loading="lazy"/></section><section class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 col-start-5 span-md-cols-12 col-md-start-2 homepage-intro__right-section"><h2 class="span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 h5-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-heading">Featured work</h2><div class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 homepage-intro__featured-work-container"><div class="homepage-intro__primary-tiles span-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/foreign-aid-domestic-overseas" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=3600 3600w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 640px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/78a7ce1c-2086-4716-c5dc-30f130bbee00/w=3600" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="foreign-aid-refugees-featured.png" width="3600" height="1890"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker"><span class="homepage-intro__new-tag">New</span>Article · 8 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">How much foreign aid is spent domestically rather than overseas?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">In many countries, a significant share of aid is spent domestically on hosting refugees, offering student scholarships, and administrative costs.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Simon van Teutem and Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__secondary-tiles span-cols-3 col-start-7"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/why-do-women-live-longer-than-men" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0e3bf211-3328-4879-1261-9a7ac8606500/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0e3bf211-3328-4879-1261-9a7ac8606500/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0e3bf211-3328-4879-1261-9a7ac8606500/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0e3bf211-3328-4879-1261-9a7ac8606500/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0e3bf211-3328-4879-1261-9a7ac8606500/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0e3bf211-3328-4879-1261-9a7ac8606500/w=3542 3542w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0e3bf211-3328-4879-1261-9a7ac8606500/w=3542" alt="Thumbnail for article on sex gap in life expectancy" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="sex-gap-life-expectancy-thumbnail-2.png" width="3542" height="1902"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">From our classics</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Why do women live longer than men?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Women tend to live longer than men in all countries — but the sex gap in life expectancy is not a constant.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Saloni Dattani and Lucas Rodés-Guirao</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/foreign-aid-donations-increase" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=3600 3600w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/486658e7-cc1e-4bed-f5a7-4c66b7ced500/w=3600" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="foreign-aid-increase-featured.png" width="3600" height="1890"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 14 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">For many of us, it doesn’t cost much to improve someone’s life, and we can do much more of it</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Most countries spend less than 1% of their national income on foreign aid; even small increases could make a big difference.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__tertiary-tiles span-cols-6 grid grid-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/global-temperatures-el-nino-la-nina" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/40c0d7fb-f503-45b1-8eda-8cc001f4dd00/w=2400" alt="Featured image." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="el-nino-la-nina-featured.png" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 3 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">“Cool” years are now hotter than the “warm” years of the past: tracking global temperatures through El Niño and La Niña</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">The world is warming despite natural fluctuations from the El Niño cycle.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Veronika Samborska and Hannah Ritchie</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/baby-boom-seven-charts" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/8ef118fd-a238-4212-76af-2674b5b4d300/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/8ef118fd-a238-4212-76af-2674b5b4d300/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/8ef118fd-a238-4212-76af-2674b5b4d300/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/8ef118fd-a238-4212-76af-2674b5b4d300/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/8ef118fd-a238-4212-76af-2674b5b4d300/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/8ef118fd-a238-4212-76af-2674b5b4d300/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/8ef118fd-a238-4212-76af-2674b5b4d300/w=2400" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="baby-boom-featured-image.png" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 10 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">The baby boom in seven charts</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">The baby boom reshaped family life and drove population growth in many countries. In this article, we explore the key patterns in seven charts.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Saloni Dattani and Lucas Rodés-Guirao</p></a></div><div class="span-cols-6 homepage-intro__see-all-work-button-container"><a href="/latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion owid-btn--icon-right body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button"><span>See all our latest work</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="span-cols-6 span-sm-cols-12"><a href="/latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion owid-btn--icon-right body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button homepage-intro__see-all-work-button--mobile"><span>See all our latest work</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></section></section><section class="article-block__latest-data-insights grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14 latest-data-insights-block"><header class="latest-data-insights-block__header span-cols-8 col-start-2 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><h2 class="h2-bold">Daily Data Insights</h2><p class="body-2-regular">Bite-sized insights on how the world is changing, published every weekday.</p></header><a href="/data-insights" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion owid-btn--icon-right latest-data-insights-block__see-all-data-insights-button body-3-medium span-cols-4 col-start-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>See all Daily Data Insights</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="latest-data-insights span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="latest-data-insights__viewport"><div class="latest-data-insights__card-container"><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-0"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a40d304f-7710-4439-841e-05e80f858000/w=1620" alt="The chart illustrates the share of global electricity generation by source from 1985 to 2023. Fossil fuels dominate but have declined from about 70% to under 60% in recent years. Renewables, driven by solar and wind, have grown significantly, now surpassing 30% of global electricity generation. Nuclear energy's share has declined steadily from over 15% in the 1990s to around 10%, reflecting its slower growth compared to electricity demand. Data is sourced from Ember and the Statistical Review of World Energy (2024)." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="global-electricity-fossil-nuclear-renewables.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline data-insight-dateline--is-today"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>Today</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-0" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">The world is getting more of its electricity from renewables but less from nuclear power</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The world needs to move away from fossil fuels to low-carbon power if we’re to reduce our carbon emissions and tackle climate change.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>There are two key sources of low-carbon power: renewables (which include solar, wind, hydropower and others) and nuclear.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>While rapid growth </span><span><span>in solar and wind</span></span><span> has increased the amount of power coming from renewables, a lack of enthusiasm for nuclear means it’s playing a shrinking role in the global electricity mix.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In the chart, you can see the share of global electricity coming from fossil fuels, renewables, and nuclear since 1985. Since 2000, nuclear and renewables have followed very different trajectories. Back then, both categories made up a similar share of global electricity, but today, renewables make up more than three times as much: 30% compared to 9%.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The total amount of electricity produced by nuclear plants is </span><span><span>almost exactly the same</span></span><span> as it was two decades ago. But because the world produces much more electricity overall, its share of the electricity mix has declined.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Explore the electricity mix of different countries in our </span><span><span>Energy Data Explorer</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#second-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-1"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e7213c77-c365-494c-d14a-76a53b5c9300/w=1620" alt="The chart shows the share of all deaths caused by HIV/AIDS in Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2021. During the epidemic's peak, HIV/AIDS accounted for more than half of all deaths in some countries. A steep decline began after the mid-2000s, largely due to improved treatments. A notable drop in 2020-2021 reflects increased COVID-19 deaths impacting overall mortality proportions. Data is sourced from IHME, Global Burden of Disease (2024)." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="aids-deaths-share-africa.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>Yesterday</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-1" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">At the peak of the HIV epidemic, AIDS caused more than half of all deaths in some countries</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The HIV epidemic — which started in the early 1980s and continued into the 1990s — has had lasting impacts that continue today. Almost </span><span><span>one million people</span></span><span> still die from HIV/AIDS every year globally.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>However, some countries were hit much harder than others.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In the chart, you can see the share of all deaths in a given year that were caused by HIV/AIDS in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that were badly affected.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>At the height of the epidemic, more than half of all deaths in Zimbabwe and Botswana and almost 40% in South Africa and Namibia were caused by the disease.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Thankfully, interventions to prevent the spread of HIV and treatments such as </span><span><span>antiretroviral therapy</span></span><span> have reduced death rates across the world. But more than one in ten deaths in these countries are still caused by AIDS today.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read our article on antiretroviral therapy and the millions of lives it has saved</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#third-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-2"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d84f1a61-797e-4b28-797d-b231f44d5700/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d84f1a61-797e-4b28-797d-b231f44d5700/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d84f1a61-797e-4b28-797d-b231f44d5700/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d84f1a61-797e-4b28-797d-b231f44d5700/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d84f1a61-797e-4b28-797d-b231f44d5700/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d84f1a61-797e-4b28-797d-b231f44d5700/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d84f1a61-797e-4b28-797d-b231f44d5700/w=1620" alt="This scatterplot compares self-reported life satisfaction (y-axis, scale 0-10) to GDP per capita (x-axis, adjusted for inflation and cost of living) across countries. Higher points on the chart indicate greater life satisfaction. Bhutan is highlighted with a red circle at around $10,000 GDP per capita and a life satisfaction score near 5. Neighboring countries with similar GDP per capita, such as Vietnam, Ecuador, and Indonesia, report higher life satisfaction (around 6). Sri Lanka and Lebanon are also marked but differ in both GDP and life satisfaction. Most countries show a positive trend between GDP per capita and life satisfaction. Data sources: World Happiness Report (2012-2024) and World Bank (2023)." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="bhutan-happiness-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>March 26</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-2" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Life satisfaction in Bhutan is comparable to other countries of similar income levels</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In 2008, Bhutan started measuring the “Gross Happiness Index” as an official metric to track the well-being of its population. As a result, it’s often coined the “Land” or “Kingdom of Happiness”.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Bhutan tracks gross happiness with in-depth surveys, which other countries do not. How does it compare across similar metrics where we </span><em><span>can</span></em><span> make these comparisons? Despite its reputation, it’s actually not an outlier.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Self-reported life satisfaction is one internationally comparable metric measured in the annual </span><span><span>World Happiness Report</span></span><span>. Respondents </span><span><span>in every country</span></span><span> are asked to rate their lives based on a 10-step ladder, where 0 represents the worst possible life, and 10 is the best.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Self-reported life satisfaction tends to be higher in richer countries, although there is a spread among countries with similar gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The chart plots one against the other.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>For its income level, Bhutan has a fairly average life satisfaction score; in the global comparison, it’s about as happy as we would expect based on the incomes of people in the country.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore more data on levels of happiness across the world</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fourth-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-3"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d0d9a4dd-1dcf-42e2-b3b5-43185a42c300/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d0d9a4dd-1dcf-42e2-b3b5-43185a42c300/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d0d9a4dd-1dcf-42e2-b3b5-43185a42c300/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d0d9a4dd-1dcf-42e2-b3b5-43185a42c300/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d0d9a4dd-1dcf-42e2-b3b5-43185a42c300/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d0d9a4dd-1dcf-42e2-b3b5-43185a42c300/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/d0d9a4dd-1dcf-42e2-b3b5-43185a42c300/w=1620" alt="The graphic presents a line chart illustrating the shift in birth rates among older mothers in Europe. The title at the top states, "Births have shifted to older mothers in Europe," and the subtitle notes that it depicts the estimated share of total births by the age of the mother. The vertical axis is labeled with percentages from 0% to 70%, while the horizontal axis covers years from 1950 to 2023. There are four lines representing different age groups: - Women aged 20-29, shown in a light gray line, which hovers around 30% in the early years and gradually declines over time. - Women aged 30-39, depicted in a prominent brown line that crosses above 50% since 2015, indicating they became the age group with the most births. - Women aged 40-49, represented by a light gray line, which rises slightly in recent years. - Women aged 10-19, also shown in light gray, with minimal levels of births throughout the time period. Annotations highlight key points: in 2015, women in their 30s surpassed other age groups in births, and in the same year, women in their 40s began having more babies than those aged 10-19. At the bottom of the graphic, the data source is cited as "UN, World Population Prospects (2024)," along with a copyright indication "CC BY."" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="share-of-births-by-age-of-mother-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>March 25</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-3" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Most births in Europe are to mothers in their thirties</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>For many decades, most children in Europe were born to mothers in their twenties. However, since the mid-1970s, there has been a steady increase in the number of women giving birth in their thirties.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>As the chart shows, since 2015, women in their thirties have given birth to the greatest number of babies; in the same year, it became more common for a woman in her forties to give birth than for women in their teens.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Many factors are causing these changes, including women spending more years in education and developing their careers, easily accessible contraception, improvements in fertility treatment, and high childcare costs.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore at what age women are having children in your country</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fifth-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-4"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/939a44ec-6959-4410-42d0-97909b258600/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/939a44ec-6959-4410-42d0-97909b258600/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/939a44ec-6959-4410-42d0-97909b258600/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/939a44ec-6959-4410-42d0-97909b258600/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/939a44ec-6959-4410-42d0-97909b258600/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/939a44ec-6959-4410-42d0-97909b258600/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/939a44ec-6959-4410-42d0-97909b258600/w=1620" alt="This chart illustrates the percentage reduction in antimicrobial sales (tonnes of active ingredients) used for livestock in selected European countries between 2010 and 2022. The Netherlands achieved the largest reduction (-76%), followed by France (-75%), Italy (-70%), the United Kingdom (-60%), Spain (-43%), and Denmark (-32%). Data source: European Medicines Agency (2023). Note: Only a subset of European countries is highlighted for example purposes." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="europe-antibiotics-livestock.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>March 24</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-4" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">European countries use far less antibiotics in livestock than they used to</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Antibiotics can play an important role in preventing disease and improving the health of animals. But overusing them, particularly for livestock, poses a risk to human health through </span><span><span>antibiotic resistance</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Over the last decade, Europe has made much progress in reducing antibiotic use in farm animals. This has been achieved through stricter regulations and, in some countries, taxes on antibiotics.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart shows the change in sales of these antimicrobials for livestock between 2010 and 2022. It shows a range of European countries, with a few examples highlighted in bold.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Antibiotic use has fallen by over half in some countries, such as the UK, Italy, France, and the Netherlands.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>These countries have still managed to maintain productive agricultural sectors by focusing on other ways to manage disease risk and animal growth, such as vaccinations, ventilation, cleaner equipment, and high-quality diets.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read more about the differences in antibiotic use for livestock across the world</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#sixth-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-5"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e6b70523-591b-473f-5783-0601c7ec9a00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e6b70523-591b-473f-5783-0601c7ec9a00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e6b70523-591b-473f-5783-0601c7ec9a00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e6b70523-591b-473f-5783-0601c7ec9a00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e6b70523-591b-473f-5783-0601c7ec9a00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e6b70523-591b-473f-5783-0601c7ec9a00/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e6b70523-591b-473f-5783-0601c7ec9a00/w=1620" alt="A line graph shows temperature variations for February from 1950 to 2025, with a focus on the changes due to climate phenomena. The y-axis represents temperature deviations in degrees Celsius, ranging from -1°C to 1°C. Different colored dots represent data from various years, categorized into phases: Strong La Niña (dark blue), La Niña (blue), Neutral (gray), El Niño (orange), and Strong El Niño (red). The text notes that February 2025, marked by a dark blue dot, is cooler than February 2024, indicated by an orange dot, as the La Niña phase has replaced El Niño. An explanatory note emphasizes that typically, months in a La Niña year are cooler than the same months in the preceding El Niño year. Data sources include modified information from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (2025) and the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2025). The graph is licensed under CC BY." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="february-2025-was cooler-than-last-february.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>March 21</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-5" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">February was cooler in 2025 than in 2024 — but the long-term trend is still warming</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>January 2025 was the hottest January </span><span><span>on record</span></span><span>. This was surprising because the world recently transitioned from El Niño (which tends to increase global temperatures) to La Niña (which tends to cool them). We might have expected this cooling to be reflected in January’s temperatures. It was not.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>But February did not follow this same pattern.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart tracks monthly temperature anomalies, comparing current temperatures to historical averages. Each dot represents a February anomaly, with El Niño (warmer) years in orange and red and La Niña (cooler) years in blue.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>As expected, February 2025 cooled compared to February 2024, following the usual pattern where La Niña years tend to be cooler than the El Niño years before them.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>However, this doesn’t mean global warming has slowed. Recent La Niña years are still warmer than El Niño years from just a few decades ago, showing that even natural climate fluctuations don’t reverse </span><span><span>the long-term warming trend</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>We update </span><span><span>this data</span></span><span> monthly so you can track how these patterns evolve.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read our recent article that explains in more detail how the world is warming despite natural fluctuations from the El Niño cycle</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#seventh-most-recent-data-insight" aria-labelledby="latest-data-insights__card-title-6"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ec374269-4fc5-41a0-543e-ae240d734b00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ec374269-4fc5-41a0-543e-ae240d734b00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ec374269-4fc5-41a0-543e-ae240d734b00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ec374269-4fc5-41a0-543e-ae240d734b00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ec374269-4fc5-41a0-543e-ae240d734b00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ec374269-4fc5-41a0-543e-ae240d734b00/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ec374269-4fc5-41a0-543e-ae240d734b00/w=1620" alt="A world map illustrates the differences in life expectancy between females and males at birth in 2023. Areas shaded in darker purple indicate a greater male life expectancy compared to females, while lighter shades represent regions with higher female life expectancy. Notable data points include Ukraine with a difference of 13.3 years, Russia at 11.8 years, Togo at 0.4 years, and Nigeria at 0.6 years. The data source is the Human Mortality Database (2024) and UN World Population Prospects (2024). The map is attributed with a CC BY license and published by Our World in Data." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="the-sex-gap-in-life-expectancy-varies-around-the-world.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>March 20</p><h3 id="latest-data-insights__card-title-6" class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Women live longer than men, but how much longer varies widely around the world</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In every country in the world, </span><span><span>women live longer than men</span></span><span> — but the size of this gap in life expectancy varies widely.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The difference is striking in some countries, like Russia and Ukraine, where women’s life expectancy is over 10 years longer. Their gaps have been wide due to higher death rates in young and middle-aged men — often due to alcohol use, smoking, and other risks. The war in Ukraine has widened this gap further, as men face high mortality from conflict.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The gap is much smaller in other countries, including in West Africa and South Asia. There are likely multiple reasons for this, including higher rates of </span><span><span>maternal mortality</span></span><span> and </span><span><span>HIV among women</span></span><span>. Just a few decades ago, Bangladesh and India had shorter female than male life expectancies due to </span><span><span>higher rates of female infanticide</span></span><span> and neglect in childhood, and the gap in lifespans in these countries is still relatively small.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Many factors affect life expectancy, and the sex gap in lifespans has varied widely across countries and over time.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>You can read more in my article about why women live longer than men</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="latest-data-insights__dots"></div></div><div class="data-insights-newsletter grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14"><div class="data-insights-newsletter__inner span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="data-insights-newsletter__left"><svg class="data-insights-newsletter__icon" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="24" cy="24" r="24" fill="#DBE5F0"></circle><rect x="11.2676" y="19.3955" width="25.4664" height="17.3389" rx="2.70925" fill="white"></rect><rect x="15.0605" y="11.8096" width="17.8807" height="13.0041" fill="white"></rect><path d="M11.268 21.107C11.2238 21.2788 11.2002 21.4564 11.2002 21.6383V34.1352C11.2002 34.6771 11.364 35.1768 11.6391 35.5977L20.1865 28.5774L11.2685 21.107H11.268Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M36.731 21.1088L27.8145 28.5774L36.3612 35.5972C36.6386 35.1758 36.8002 34.675 36.8002 34.1352V21.6383C36.8002 21.4575 36.7756 21.2798 36.7303 21.1087L36.731 21.1088Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M15.467 12.8C15.467 12.5061 15.7059 12.2667 16.0004 12.2667H32.0016C32.296 12.2667 32.5349 12.5061 32.5349 12.8V23.2089L36.2026 20.1367C36.098 20.0268 35.9881 19.9207 35.8618 19.8316L33.6018 18.0528V12.8001C33.6018 11.9179 32.8839 11.2 32.0017 11.2H16.0005C15.1183 11.2 14.4004 11.9179 14.4004 12.8001V18.0528L12.1656 19.8129C12.0301 19.9078 11.9122 20.0204 11.8008 20.1377L15.4673 23.2088L15.467 12.8Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M22.9858 27.6593L12.3945 36.358C12.8186 36.638 13.3247 36.8022 13.8678 36.8022H34.1359C34.6805 36.8022 35.1855 36.6358 35.6069 36.3563L25.018 27.6591C24.4292 27.1752 23.5747 27.1752 22.9864 27.6591L22.9858 27.6593Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M20.0727 15.9336C20.3605 15.9336 20.6145 16.1876 20.6145 16.4754V22.1643C20.6145 22.3167 20.733 22.4352 20.8853 22.4352H27.6578C27.9456 22.4352 28.1996 22.6892 28.1996 22.977C28.1996 23.2818 27.9456 23.5188 27.6578 23.5188H20.8853C20.1234 23.5188 19.5309 22.9262 19.5309 22.1643V16.4754C19.5309 16.1876 19.7679 15.9336 20.0727 15.9336ZM22.2398 19.1844C22.5277 19.1844 22.7816 19.4384 22.7816 19.7262V20.8098C22.7816 21.1146 22.5277 21.3516 22.2398 21.3516C21.9351 21.3516 21.698 21.1146 21.698 20.8098V19.7262C21.698 19.4384 21.9351 19.1844 22.2398 19.1844ZM24.407 18.1008V20.8098C24.407 21.1146 24.1531 21.3516 23.8652 21.3516C23.5605 21.3516 23.3234 21.1146 23.3234 20.8098V18.1008C23.3234 17.813 23.5605 17.559 23.8652 17.559C24.1531 17.559 24.407 17.813 24.407 18.1008ZM25.4906 18.6426C25.7784 18.6426 26.0324 18.8966 26.0324 19.1844V20.8098C26.0324 21.1146 25.7784 21.3516 25.4906 21.3516C25.1859 21.3516 24.9488 21.1146 24.9488 20.8098V19.1844C24.9488 18.8966 25.1859 18.6426 25.4906 18.6426ZM27.6578 17.0172V20.8098C27.6578 21.1146 27.4038 21.3516 27.116 21.3516C26.8112 21.3516 26.5742 21.1146 26.5742 20.8098V17.0172C26.5742 16.7294 26.8112 16.4754 27.116 16.4754C27.4038 16.4754 27.6578 16.7294 27.6578 17.0172Z" fill="#98A9BD"></path></svg><div class="data-insights-newsletter__left__text"><h3 class="data-insights-newsletter__heading h3-bold">Get Daily Data Insights delivered to your inbox</h3><p class="data-insights-newsletter__description body-3-medium">Receive an email from us when we publish a Daily Data Insight (every weekday).</p></div></div><div class="data-insights-newsletter__right"><form class="data-insights-newsletter__form" action="https://ourworldindata.us8.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=18058af086319ba6afad752ec&id=2e166c1fc1" method="post" target="_blank"><input type="email" class="text-input data-insights-newsletter__email-input sentry-mask" name="EMAIL" required="" size="1" placeholder="Your email address"/><input type="hidden" name="group[85302][16]" value=""/><button type="submit" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-vermillion owid-btn--icon-right" aria-label="Subscribe to the Daily Data Insights newsletter"><span>Subscribe</span></button></form><p class="data-insights-newsletter__note note-1-medium">By subscribing you are agreeing to the terms of our <a href="/privacy-policy">privacy policy</a>.</p></div></div></div></section><section class="key-indicator-collection article-block__key-indicator-collection grid col-start-2 span-cols-12"><header class="key-indicator-collection__header span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12"><h2 class="h2-bold">Explore our data</h2><p class="body-2-regular">Featured data from our collection of 14,333 interactive charts.</p></header><a href="/data" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion owid-btn--icon-right key-indicator-collection__all-charts-button body-3-medium span-cols-4 col-start-9 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12"><span>See all our data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="span-cols-12"><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--open"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_header" class="accordion-item__button" disabled="" aria-disabled="true" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Under-five mortality rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder</span></div></div></div></button></h3><div id="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_content" class="accordion-item__content" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_header"><div tabindex="0" aria-hidden="false"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Under-five mortality rate</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates combining data from un & gapminder</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of children die before their fifth birthday?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>What could be more tragic than the death of a young child? Child mortality, the death of children under the age of five, is still </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/much-better-awful-can-be-better" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>extremely common</span></a><span> in our world today.</span></p><p class=""><span>The historical data makes clear that it doesn’t have to be this way: it </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality-big-problem-in-brief" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>is possible</span></a><span> for societies to protect their children and reduce child mortality to very low rates. For child mortality to reach low levels, many things have to go right at the same time: </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/financing-healthcare" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>good healthcare</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>good nutrition</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/clean-water-sanitation" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>clean water and sanitation</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-mortality" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>maternal health</span></a><span>, and high </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>living standards</span></a><span>. We can, therefore, think of </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>child mortality</span></a><span> as a proxy indicator of a country’s living conditions.</span></p><p class=""><span>The chart shows our long-run data on child mortality, which allows you to see how child mortality has changed in countries around the world.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span> <span class="indicator-source">World bank</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of the population lives in extreme poverty?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>The UN sets the “International Poverty Line” as a worldwide comparable definition for extreme poverty. Extreme poverty is currently defined as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the poorest people in the world.</span></p><p class=""><span>Two centuries ago, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty-in-brief" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>the majority</span></a><span> of the world’s population was extremely poor. Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>makes it possible</span></a><span> for entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Life expectancy at birth</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Life expectancy at birth</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Life expectancy at birth</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in data</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.</span></p><p class=""><span>Big improvements were achieved by countries </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-globally" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>around the world</span></a><span>. The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/its-not-just-about-child-mortality-life-expectancy-improved-at-all-ages" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>at all ages</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>COVID-19 pandemic</span></a><span> led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates from the global carbon budget</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>The main source of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) emissions is the burning of fossil fuels. It is the primary </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>greenhouse gas</span></a><span> causing </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change" class="span-link"><span>climate change</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>Globally, CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.</span></p><p class=""><span>The source for this CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~FRA&Gas+or+Warming=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel+or+Land+Use+Change=All+fossil+emissions&Count=Per+capita" class="span-link"><span>Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer</span></a><span>.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">GDP per capita</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">GDP per capita</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">GDP per capita</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates from the maddison project database</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>average income</span></a><span>. This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.</span></p><p class=""><span>The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-history-methods" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>were poor</span></a><span> in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>economic growth</span></a><span> that made it possible </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>to leave</span></a><span> the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of people that are undernourished</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">FAO</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of people that are undernourished</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">FAO</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of people that are undernourished</span> <span class="indicator-source">Fao</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of the population is suffering from hunger?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Hunger</span></a><span> has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/famines" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>famines</span></a><span> were common around the world.</span></p><p class=""><span>The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.</span></p><p class=""><span>The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Literacy rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Literacy rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Literacy rate</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in data</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">When has literacy become a widespread skill?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.</span></p><p class=""><span>The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations, literacy levels increased, but </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/better-learning" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>it remains</span></a><span> an important challenge for our time to provide this foundational skill to all.</span></p><p class=""><span>At Our World in Data, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-is-literacy-measured" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>we investigated</span></a><span> the strengths and shortcomings of the available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources, including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research publications.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span> <span class="indicator-source">World bank</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/light-at-night" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Light at night</span></a><span> makes it possible to get together after sunset; </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people" class="span-link"><span>mobile phones</span></a><span> allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces food waste; and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states" class="span-link"><span>household appliances</span></a><span> free up time from household chores. Access to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.</span></p><p class=""><span>The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the </span><em><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/definition-electricity-access" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>most basic</span></a></em><span> electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.</span></p><p class=""><span>It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no light at night.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue owid-btn--icon-right datapage-link datapage-link-desktop"><span>Explore and learn more about this data</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue 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class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/population-growth">Population Growth</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/age-structure">Age Structure</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/gender-ratio">Gender Ratio</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Births & Deaths:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/life-expectancy">Life Expectancy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fertility-rate">Fertility Rate</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-mortality">Child & Infant Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Geography of the World Population:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/urbanization">Urbanization</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/migration">Migration</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Health</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Life & Death:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/health-meta">Global Health</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/causes-of-death">Causes of Death</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-mortality">Child & Infant Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/burden-of-disease">Burden of Disease</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/life-expectancy">Life Expectancy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/mental-health">Mental Health</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/suicide">Suicides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/cardiovascular-diseases">Cardiovascular Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/cancer">Cancer</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/maternal-mortality">Maternal Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Health Risks:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/air-pollution">Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/outdoor-air-pollution">Outdoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lead-pollution">Lead Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/alcohol-consumption">Alcohol Consumption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/illicit-drug-use">Illicit Drug Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/obesity">Obesity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/smoking">Smoking</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Infectious Diseases:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pandemics">Pandemics</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/coronavirus">COVID-19</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/malaria">Malaria</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/hiv-aids">HIV/AIDS</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/diarrheal-diseases">Diarrheal Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/polio">Polio</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/neglected-tropical-diseases">Neglected Tropical Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/influenza">Influenza</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pneumonia">Pneumonia</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tetanus">Tetanus</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/mpox">Mpox (monkeypox)</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/smallpox">Smallpox</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Health Institutions & Interventions:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/eradication-of-diseases">Eradication of Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/vaccination">Vaccination</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/antibiotics">Antibiotics & Antibiotic Resistance</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-healthcare">Healthcare Spending</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Energy and Environment</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Climate & Air:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/climate-change">Climate Change</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions">CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/air-pollution">Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/outdoor-air-pollution">Outdoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/ozone-layer">Ozone Layer</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Energy Systems:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy">Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-access">Access to Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-mix">Energy Mix</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fossil-fuels">Fossil Fuels</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/nuclear-energy">Nuclear Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/renewable-energy">Renewable Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/metals-minerals">Metals & Minerals</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Environment & Ecosystems:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/natural-disasters">Natural Disasters</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/environmental-impacts-of-food">Environmental Impacts of Food Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fish-and-overfishing">Fish & Overfishing</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/animal-welfare">Animal Welfare</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/land-use">Land Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/water-use-stress">Water Use & Stress</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/forests-and-deforestation">Forests & Deforestation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/wildfires">Wildfires</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Waste & Pollution:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/plastic-pollution">Plastic Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/oil-spills">Oil Spills</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lead-pollution">Lead Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/waste-management">Waste Management</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water & Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Electricity:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/electricity-mix">Electricity Mix</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Food and Agriculture</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Food Production:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/agricultural-production">Agricultural Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/meat-production">Meat & Dairy Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fish-and-overfishing">Fish & Overfishing</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/crop-yields">Crop Yields</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/animal-welfare">Animal Welfare</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/environmental-impacts-of-food">Environmental Impacts of Food Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/farm-size">Farm Size</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Agricultural Inputs:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/land-use">Land Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fertilizers">Fertilizers</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pesticides">Pesticides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/employment-in-agriculture">Employment in Agriculture</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Nutrition:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/hunger-and-undernourishment">Hunger & Undernourishment</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/food-supply">Food Supply</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/food-prices">Food Prices</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/obesity">Obesity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/famines">Famines</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/diet-compositions">Diet Compositions</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/micronutrient-deficiency">Micronutrient Deficiency</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-height">Human Height</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Poverty and Economic Development</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Poverty & Prosperity:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/poverty">Poverty</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-growth">Economic Growth</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality">Economic Inequality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/foreign-aid">Foreign Aid</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality-by-gender">Economic Inequality by Gender</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Public Sector:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/government-spending">Government Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/taxation">Taxation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/corruption">Corruption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-healthcare">Healthcare Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-education">Education Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/military-personnel-spending">Military Personnel & Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Labor:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/female-labor-supply">Women's Employment</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-labor">Child Labor</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/working-hours">Working Hours</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Global Connections:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/trade-and-globalization">Trade & Globalization</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/migration">Migration</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tourism">Tourism</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water & Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Education and Knowledge</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Education:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/global-education">Global Education</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/literacy">Literacy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-education">Education Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Knowledge:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/research-and-development">Research & Development</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/internet">Internet</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/books">Books</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Innovation and Technological Change</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/technological-change">Technological Change</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/research-and-development">Research & Development</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/internet">Internet</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/space-exploration-satellites">Space Exploration & Satellites</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/transport">Transport</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Living Conditions, Community and Wellbeing</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Housing & Infrastructure:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/homelessness">Homelessness</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-access">Access to Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water & Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/light-at-night">Light at Night</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/time-use">Time Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/working-hours">Working Hours</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Relationships:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/marriages-and-divorces">Marriages & Divorces</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/social-connections-and-loneliness">Loneliness & Social Connections</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/trust">Trust</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Happiness & Wellbeing:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/happiness-and-life-satisfaction">Happiness & Life Satisfaction</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-development-index">Human Development Index (HDI)</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Human Rights and Democracy</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-rights">Human Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/democracy">Democracy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/women-rights">Women's Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lgbt-rights">LGBT+ Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/corruption">Corruption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality-by-gender">Economic Inequality by Gender</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-labor">Child Labor</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/violence-against-rights-for-children">Violence Against Children & Children's Rights</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Violence and War</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/war-and-peace">War & Peace</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/nuclear-weapons">Nuclear Weapons</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/homicides">Homicides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/terrorism">Terrorism</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/military-personnel-spending">Military Personnel & Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/violence-against-rights-for-children">Violence Against Children & Children's Rights</a></li></ul></section></section></div></div><section class="donate-footer grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><div class="donate-footer-inner span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div><h4>Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone.</h4><p>Help us do this work by making a donation.</p></div><a href="/donate" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-vermillion owid-btn--icon-right body-2-semibold donate-button" data-track-note="donate_footer"><span>Donate now</span></a></div></section><footer 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