CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.aps.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e9c2110cf416032',cH: 'hrtyB.DLjbJY7kgqrQNU3jl9EvAU7ksGX5ILSmlUc74-1732815480-1.2.1.1-EFrEZBz8rSXpNAn5RhYB3bM2Yht8Ef1IXguGNSgUklyFja8rK81KCZmoB7dQe.4m',cUPMDTk: "\/pr\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRev.98.756?__cf_chl_tk=uH6jW_qf0ZjqrdC5HwahW9WMAOvQtc.HSRqvUoNU6ms-1732815480-1.0.1.1-dz0_qhUGDIVpbOTcrrGTfB9lJADQUUJh6gnJg3q9bjU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732815480',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/pr\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRev.98.756?__cf_chl_f_tk=uH6jW_qf0ZjqrdC5HwahW9WMAOvQtc.HSRqvUoNU6ms-1732815480-1.0.1.1-dz0_qhUGDIVpbOTcrrGTfB9lJADQUUJh6gnJg3q9bjU",md: "C6Q94aupPIVdM7dQEtzfzIuZE97oxVINlctu_28Omtg-1732815480-1.2.1.1-yUYUrsN4cz9RXLNZgfruGh.bWdaT3RLCnB50oeztKMToOR4yee__M.zXgZHRpRhuH5v5qTLqsmeL5eI0RoRrFqbOIAx464P82mSbvjV8WvuX72XDUcubS_lJjhTC_1iwbE2Lt5ANDBiuycgdM1lu9a10gakUpMu7vAQNQZjElhSd5a3_oXOqnd1upKz8JxV3AsPk_XzkiOuzJNiCkXiNASaIUOHADU4kAsRC49b056QncIGFdgHZCI5a745u_D6PT1muFq5Edsn3DCmllqXfXwmcRVM01rJKizePoRPE_a.npdyWhKhkYeJ83kba_N4z8Y6rv0O84g0N9iVblkGxxVeCJyao8y6Pv3LedmECcxKclDfjbZKGSKUvahySMkTxIzztN0P0eXt0blNLV96SDDgSRBuAZ20TTeu6kshqnjsazUwKlYruBEC7uA0.jQMAHHDZN0gPcAeKvc_3A7z7X4U8r9UPWPFBTq5bkenCKUxQ43ZXdi3PxBCxeEIoioeqw_bFs6bQdrgE7dCRdt6ORXf_JfpocBgbrmjrY6UPsLn6t6o8fo_0ONYgbRxXG8xCV8LB25Lc8RERlFGBRu0e4kCkAKiiC27klBLaXy9AoSp_RHOrtsf9.uhAe33CEcR84Ep7hRjUIhX1IBLemCz7qJkmP21AdFV3QJglGSL.BmdvU2UFu8a8MTLvtVDs83iTGTVSZMz460wemAxEFGTcg8LPc043ZAta92tHaiVUBZk_LZaR5FAyDumCtfqpiOPZ9ZnJXxmEHYQTYORQ45E7UyOntjKrAnplOFXnyhlfiJU0oYe1sdusHOUFTGTXRAo.a_4cuMwtBfvfhu795vuCBDDsmr.xAyQrhSi0ZjfJWTHVWECtf4_2oD10pgIaHhLM8CGGd63ToJV1iDYycseEHX8DM.ou8L38685br9LCsSZHdvTbalTJubk6Jb5_qOUS3Yjna2JEJiAoDDwFhTGRYzQYRbJuC2dpVt1wl._2b6U3tgzrFSSuAw_EHq_yOAoAf_jPJG1QzMIhwLu2pya3cOLUofcmzWu.2ieuRIlOPLwwR5UJOyridhH2Aa30vFw8KxVtHuZZA8meVMrA9ZUD4_cyn1D4X3WMUDA.hGKVF1Xkf.sKlJeDg4JvWG3c9LqQ.ZK0wMVrZB.KYaPlPqg0wQv3f_UjzAL5Ib628e_WXC0DpkoPirt_j3kLzuF2REWOUNjhTK8xe9Q6Ps.MylJm8yjKmHmuJFFA0oc4e60c7lgaxGMWTHs.y.t971nWTcoRFBiXKVgnhZGluqA3uczSW52Ex0P1QpooWOHFzFXwb8_Cazs0L6gV5AK.OoNjRLWH36SIAYSW2Zi9AcHf41.t3qYV8dlCGQnkvtZYZFXAiyWYKSVSGTAQqHO1JBRoGPGTv7.KnZc7YT17JKFMaTSeU62Nf66d1wspblNTSsZFKlbRh2BZJH7xHTLu8pEF_ZtVX9RCspfSnZNlOBG46SD5txnqOch7U7ml0Bg97nZWJdOdAq8iaRB47Ki0Obxnh9Prll7ceh3nDFLPAEq28Yikh_64AXXEFb2rLFiCD1bciSqIHDxyPkDKycfjE5Hy3LeYZnYwFwiAq6szsDJ.19x7TUl5V8k5hI5wa9tlo0yhjVG0joSCqCNzbP6nr4tuRevPKcnZn9rCTLZ7o27TOntDOi47.Vs1tIQAbIA5BX.Xxznd7ExpavUX0GW7e0o4ErmzlxdbwRMvuCHwn5ZWSCP7.i1m438ZW00CBVcDew8Ni7.dcaJDjPF_rbjhaknsAhd6OBW6jISoeTfsnN80BR9mXM_G7vkgPV3ObVbA4h.uiOtza_X9jj4TDACtb6gHlVcmY20YNunlOaHAy5.AybBEwr947O7QWpD2u8u4zGRAW96OiwAqmI8DJgtfZNH_.XP_WVIz3M4qgYd8uBJlh6eb.EpkMQNDB0Zx2bDqvetY48JTOlmnWBPcaZuiqbfiT9VbmjYlvBELst3EXC.2ZmV3k6ZqdNT6V7Z0wfqcYn77s6ljxQ01E8W4wzGPvkyzc0RJNeVfZRkd1Px7wZWpCWVEzZ.AqId6_EaB5dwGV2HWIvPpFhb5Rvt6D2gwQH4ZjGGQz_qkg_0PHNe94b5LLxAWyH8U8de4KbKV95K1GqKi9bznMr8EdIO0p4hL7OnQSUbwBbnT5P8hBnJjkzUALxpMrL2jVfkLwJm72o4yFTwSuknQ8cLGXXInRE.qe_FU.caePCwhkbf1rjbc5UHLgD6ise7vIUSpfH7cTJzFzbsYq5xXV2fGmTmIN7Q4X2b_MCj174GuLTPHmlMTWTh.QBr9RM_jWNQZIWLw2HhRsm9t.1FEiwxSBYG6bdHPwdPwkogTx6i4AjyXom8Rj1OT1Ql.c18MzTGB5IOc20FIH.1B3JZfkpy6KDW9xymGd7V4LXdRB4H.vE7g15kANsc10wtgTIHi_H373rgDPlw0R_EIiV4czx.GU0JqQ.Xg.DTJbYxU_kfmMHvHPTvYOvAP.WuzwKbjXg6nLt.ags_mO.CcI0_CN.sVEaNPcjeU1_2nMSOCQyUoujayCtEOgp_sbC0jUN91N7Aobiu2jP0kineOGOIVpN7CeMewTTJv4ShWYyXhbfAgBjff.W_KGUCifYMdpm8SJHRRoIN2icjGmJjmAXsZwoiUgXWpvOW0MbpaFZGzJJ0eU_64oqQ3QVS1EAcQWGAnOUQ.YI.0DeNN0N42zYYGSmrngxk3yz7DYcSkJDliPIejz7ULB4hLKQBDUTfIbfFM_yXuP.murnRJwLUWVabCT_HvcZYnpjI2VKTVWXqPaTMiG7xrzxqHmP6ew9OAtt.KbMSr0Stgq4sw_1gwczhqk53IUxj3UrF.HQc5A9Hy6AeFTQP5NSLDUahmOTbPDxKQnmdupcKmcC3r4xGDBGeqv8ZXmhvVx6jPKS353EjPzuEloAn4BrzvWjOv36EvDg",mdrd: "rbQCUppxyDgqANQ_ksmvCK8FGhRscxI1ENTrHwXRHb0-1732815480-1.2.1.1-uowW5Gtk8V0RqkydPfLhnaQ9GuxfbynPz74XpEDjeHJanFlUPRglr.cq1szLNC9M0arp8AaNeF3TZ9CXPkuOEyC6CpyCwtXW7iw6u23LwbO02ZUUgiJ8H_u5cjkLgAZ.zRjyGnFfUEuuUP13VoausiyJk8Z6kIVvczW2.9fNSzl7g_ccf6EQyD18vr8YgURmT6LDSqfRP8eL8GoDyPzTUegwE_oSeodBkckhofc9jk4QGFdhuAGoEVK2PrkPxEuJ.Tt1SGDHOgNUQb8lwTQS1Vg1DVIPgtJSEeaBiR8K3CPSyvL4xlh53Q_ccOgwSiJyidg3HeOFdi6d1UT1uH7OD717wG82lslQdOAjwCyBHg3MVl_y8xy7yvEoYJoRmQ4N_vLzkS4ZV6jD_GMJgo9fwqgOY9NJi3wkwoEpdyjxWZ3XyRKoOTR0e36prj1XfnHKK.SOoL0li0R32OR_0Te8B1.b5X6gRtiwUsAUzpQ_6UHWRCfSfJdS0cljRIprle6_9GOcA3db3ewQo0FzO5pM8AjxPHju.llW_1S9pexSotXrA1uB9Ln3fF6mvnPumt3GTycFDlTQ1sp3D3eCrQO7DHxFVfImho4Cjtte7AiiSGWUqP9ZnEm2lmGw_I3c5KPeYZbMKmBz.eZfe6YYspkfmJychcExuvHacpv6cN2pXUQNdL1BaPbluuPLh34yd49va1gMRii0ltL7K2UrQBux8FK8WKfFxZIdE1AnhCbALgL9_0NYU2xL.j8LnbYMgIqmTlgvhY84jviBUZSp7gqC0hCDTk0_s0PoogkxN6vmEEzkOMBBxcgZZG07xOtcSLQAHtp7lNoxMP3IoVPy.irAfzPz7gFt26guDxjPxHn1y.LpTo4w5pPrZuOWs8sIA._clT.eYSjZiQSDF4MPkQs_K_uF.GHFuv6_mkZ14GfN_5vrMeVU5RqCWGc6kcA02ibIpA0E7vxGWa9e_Sw3mIv8z3vkA62sE4_XGEE4Ob8mKUCsgsbkvv0hMgsikK65L85NPcDKVyTKD7gviR7SsDLCBoP00n_nZmIsBr49o46DqH73qByZC9ZQRzs55ZEaVnNlYK0CWca2aZGqXlx5NmBLuOur9T7b5eHKTG.8xq_WLHwk9ubk2XkedaqOhN4hfZLx2PXrunlh7Q_PwE8AVBq0_kXc_9DqRfvG3VTr6y2IVWUphsMx.xb7f9qgnajHV5IaE_gKx7n8wh1kOviFADo33J9TxDZoOp9XQ53zGkAqmjvB5rB4wv8EodI6QnbJVNViEyuCTBehQg41YlFTNgrPxCAea1f.xn5F1YbH1L6Lysh0bgv64ASbLq3hNS1l94Dc0Fh.ZcJC0NSMQkEr85ckGA8fs0vt9bkuAXG54az74kmLUAsqGLibHmSKWRt573HdeWD0XcVMuRTwOWHXXb0rj9xVS7kGROjquPhShdC5nyEdlO4StMbDWBXdv6Ib7Q.2QPafcSa7Xl4DYx32u1Exa1ko0sQ2v1hfPZaGdvYlQXuljYImDbxam3aRG3ceEPdHTgsK1oiKH51b7qXcSsR7hVy1ABG.g1ySJb07qRvABTDbutbWxQX8dUFgDiraxXYRES_58o49NcRohZZHFQDCMbXAaU5vqaOgP7p69Ss4f1.PFUNmvIwi5gbhhdJVn_q0zZkEXA6VhpViIlazwgZmdxnNfq2pFk6.5xM18oGLZDz.jJh3nUiTAEZKkx7A8OUCGB2CA8HmAGsdIreCx4B_D9OzF0dX0u7GiBjlKF_C0K1iG2qmG8MquH0elh6.O0erITywWzTXQpmxuMl2qyy0FGdIhh0YPknpRm1.3Ofa2YzIkhfxoqte9G_pEo9qwfbq9Virw5l5Dclw92R0X0GZqgiYA.tVTDLb.HZ..2gjp9QmmT15YfnBnOIyYltdoEBAuHpDSqM5E0HTY6tVNmvDCkMGjbvJvS2c6dJ6MCgYRlI"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e9c2110cf416032';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/pr\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRev.98.756?__cf_chl_rt_tk=uH6jW_qf0ZjqrdC5HwahW9WMAOvQtc.HSRqvUoNU6ms-1732815480-1.0.1.1-dz0_qhUGDIVpbOTcrrGTfB9lJADQUUJh6gnJg3q9bjU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>