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Seibert</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Kathrin Seibert"> <meta name="keywords" content="Kathrin Seibert"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Kathrin Seibert"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 11</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Kathrin Seibert</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Robotic Assistance in Nursing Care: Survey on Challenges and Scenarios</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Gliesche">Pascal Gliesche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Seibert"> Kathrin Seibert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Kowalski"> Christian Kowalski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominik%20Domhoff"> Dominik Domhoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max%20Pfingsthorn"> Max Pfingsthorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karin%20Wolf-Ostermann"> Karin Wolf-Ostermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Hein"> Andreas Hein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robotic assistance in nursing care is an increasingly important area of research and development. Facing a shortage of labor and an increasing number of people in need of care, the German Nursing Care Innovation Center (Pflegeinnovationszentrum, PIZ) aims to address these challenges from the side of technology. Little is known about nurses experiences with existing robotic assistance systems. Especially nurses perspectives on starting points for the development of robotic solutions, that target recurring burdensome tasks in everyday nursing care, are of interest. This paper presents findings focusing on robotics resulting from an explanatory mixed-methods study on nurses experiences with and their expectations for innovative technologies in nursing care in stationary and ambulant care facilities and hospitals in Germany. Based on the findings, eight scenarios for robotic assistance are identified based on the real needs of practitioners. An initial system addressing a single use-case is described to show perspectives for the use of robots in nursing care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotics%20and%20automation" title="robotics and automation">robotics and automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20management" title=" engineering management"> engineering management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20in%20medicine%20and%20biology" title=" engineering in medicine and biology"> engineering in medicine and biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20services" title=" medical services"> medical services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health-care" title=" public health-care"> public health-care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127492/robotic-assistance-in-nursing-care-survey-on-challenges-and-scenarios" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Examining Customer Acceptance of Chatbots in B2B Customer Service: A Factorial Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Endres">Kathrin Endres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Greven"> Daniela Greven</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although chatbots are a widely known and established communication instrument in B2C customer services, B2B industries still hesitate to implement chatbots due to the incertitude of customer acceptance. While many studies examine the chatbot acceptance of B2C consumers, few studies are focusing on the B2B sector, where the customer is represented by a buying center consisting of several stakeholders. This study investigates the challenges of chatbot acceptance in B2B industries compared to challenges of chatbot acceptance from current B2C literature by interviewing experts from German chatbot vendors. The results show many similarities between the customer requirements of B2B customers and B2C consumers. Still, due to several stakeholders involved in the buying center, the features of the chatbot users are more diverse but obfuscated at the same time. Using a factorial survey, this study further examines the customer acceptance of varying situations of B2B chatbot designs based on the chatbot variables transparency, fault tolerance, complexity of products, value of products, as well as transfer to live chat service employees. The findings show that all variables influence the propensity to use the chatbot. The results contribute to a better understanding of how firms in B2B industries can design chatbots to advance their customer service and enhance customer satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chatbots" title="chatbots">chatbots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20acceptance" title=" technology acceptance"> technology acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B2B%20customer%20service" title=" B2B customer service"> B2B customer service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20satisfaction" title=" customer satisfaction"> customer satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155894/examining-customer-acceptance-of-chatbots-in-b2b-customer-service-a-factorial-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Implementation-Specific Obstacles and Measures for Chatbots in B2B Business</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Greven">Daniela Greven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Endres"> Kathrin Endres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shugana%20Sundralingam"> Shugana Sundralingam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of chatbots has hardly been established in B2B companies to date and involves various challenges. The goal of this paper is to identify the biggest obstacles to the successful implementation of chatbots in B2B companies and to develop measures to overcome them. The obstacles are identified by conducting expert interviews within the framework of Eisenhardt's case study research. These are examined through a socio-technical analysis focusing on people, technology, and organization. By means of systematic literature research and in-depth interviews with German chatbot providers and customers of chatbots, measures for overcoming the obstacles are identified. Using interviews with experts from German chatbot providers, the responsible stakeholders of each measure according to the RASCI Responsibility Matrix are identified. The study shows that there are major obstacles in all areas of a socio-technical system that can cause the implementation of a chatbot to fail. A total of 44 implementation obstacles and 58 measures to overcome these obstacles are identified. The study shows that there are major obstacles in the areas of people, technology, and organization of a socio-technical system that can cause the implementation of a chatbot to fail. A holistic view is therefore essential. The results provide firms with a guideline on how to overcome potential obstacles during chatbot implementation in B2B customer service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chatbots" title="chatbots">chatbots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-technical%20analysis" title=" socio-technical analysis"> socio-technical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B2B%20customer%20service" title=" B2B customer service"> B2B customer service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation%20success%20factors" title=" implementation success factors"> implementation success factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155878/implementation-specific-obstacles-and-measures-for-chatbots-in-b2b-business" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Dependence of the Photoelectric Exponent on the Source Spectrum of the CT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezvan%20Ravanfar%20Haghighi">Rezvan Ravanfar Haghighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20C.%20Vani"> V. C. Vani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20%20Perumal"> Suresh Perumal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabyasachi%20Chatterjee"> Sabyasachi Chatterjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratik%20Kumar"> Pratik Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> X-ray attenuation coefficient [µ(E)] of any substance, for energy (E), is a sum of the contributions from the Compton scattering [ μCom(E)] and photoelectric effect [µPh(E)]. In terms of the, electron density (ρe) and the effective atomic number (Zeff) we have µCom(E) is proportional to [(ρe)fKN(E)] while µPh(E) is proportional to [(ρeZeffx)/Ey] with fKN(E) being the Klein-Nishina formula, with x and y being the exponents for photoelectric effect. By taking the sample's HU at two different excitation voltages (V=V1, V2) of the CT machine, we can solve for X=ρe, Y=ρeZeffx from these two independent equations, as is attempted in DECT inversion. Since µCom(E) and µPh(E) are both energy dependent, the coefficients of inversion are also dependent on (a) the source spectrum S(E,V) and (b) the detector efficiency D(E) of the CT machine. In the present paper we tabulate these coefficients of inversion for different practical manifestations of S(E,V) and D(E). The HU(V) values from the CT follow: <µ(V)>=<µw(V)>[1+HU(V)/1000] where the subscript 'w' refers to water and the averaging process <….> accounts for the source spectrum S(E,V) and the detector efficiency D(E). Linearity of μ(E) with respect to X and Y implies that (a) <µ(V)> is a linear combination of X and Y and (b) for inversion, X and Y can be written as linear combinations of two independent observations <µ(V1)>, <µ(V2)> with V1≠V2. These coefficients of inversion would naturally depend upon S(E, V) and D(E). We numerically investigate this dependence for some practical cases, by taking V = 100 , 140 kVp, as are used for cardiological investigations. The S(E,V) are generated by using the Boone-Seibert source spectrum, being superposed on aluminium filters of different thickness lAl with 7mm≤lAl≤12mm and the D(E) is considered to be that of a typical Si[Li] solid state and GdOS scintilator detector. In the values of X and Y, found by using the calculated inversion coefficients, errors are below 2% for data with solutions of glycerol, sucrose and glucose. For low Zeff materials like propionic acid, Zeffx is overestimated by 20% with X being within1%. For high Zeffx materials like KOH the value of Zeffx is underestimated by 22% while the error in X is + 15%. These imply that the source may have additional filtering than the aluminium filter specified by the manufacturer. Also it is found that the difference in the values of the inversion coefficients for the two types of detectors is negligible. The type of the detector does not affect on the DECT inversion algorithm to find the unknown chemical characteristic of the scanned materials. The effect of the source should be considered as an important factor to calculate the coefficients of inversion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation%20coefficient" title="attenuation coefficient">attenuation coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title=" computed tomography"> computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoelectric%20effect" title=" photoelectric effect"> photoelectric effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20spectrum" title=" source spectrum"> source spectrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38566/dependence-of-the-photoelectric-exponent-on-the-source-spectrum-of-the-ct" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Postgraduate Supervision Relationship: Practices, Challenges, and Strategies of Stakeholders in the Côte d’Ivoire University System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aku%C3%A9l%C3%A9%20Radha%20Kondo">Akuélé Radha Kondo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Heitz-Tokpa"> Kathrin Heitz-Tokpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassirou%20Bonfoh"> Bassirou Bonfoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Akindes"> Francis Akindes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Postgraduate supervision contributes significantly to a student’s academic career, a supervisor’s promotion, and a university’s reputation. Despite this, the length of graduation in the Côte d’Ivoire University system is beyond the normal duration, two years for a master's and three years for a PhD. The paper analyses supervision practices regarding the challenges and strategies mobilised by students, supervisors, and administration staff to manage various relationships. Using a qualitative research design, this study was conducted at three public universities in Côte d’Ivoire. Data were generated from thirty-two postgraduate students, seventeen supervisors, and four administration staff through semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using content analysis and presented thematically. Findings revealed delegated supervision and co-supervision, two types of supervision relationship practices. Students pointed out that feedback is often delayed from their supervisors in delegation supervision. However, they acknowledged receiving input and scientific guidance. All students believed that their role is to be proactive, not to wait to receive everything from the supervisor, and need to be more autonomous and hardworking. They developed strategies related to these qualities. Supervisors were considered to guide, give advice, control, motivate, provide critical feedback, and validate the work. The administration was rather absent in monitoring supervision delays. Major challenges were related to the supervision relationships and access to the research funds. The study showed that more engagement of the main supervisor, administration monitoring, and secured funding would reduce the time and increase the completion rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%C3%B4te%20d%E2%80%99Ivoire" title="Côte d’Ivoire">Côte d’Ivoire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postgraduate%20supervision" title=" postgraduate supervision"> postgraduate supervision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157696/postgraduate-supervision-relationship-practices-challenges-and-strategies-of-stakeholders-in-the-cote-divoire-university-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Excited State Structural Dynamics of Retinal Isomerization Revealed by a Femtosecond X-Ray Laser </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Przemyslaw%20Nogly">Przemyslaw Nogly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Weinert"> Tobias Weinert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20James"> Daniel James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Carbajo"> Sergio Carbajo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Ozerov"> Dmitry Ozerov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonia%20Furrer"> Antonia Furrer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dardan%20Gashi"> Dardan Gashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veniamin%20Borin"> Veniamin Borin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Skopintsev"> Petr Skopintsev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Jaeger"> Kathrin Jaeger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karol%20Nass"> Karol Nass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petra%20Bath"> Petra Bath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Bosman"> Robert Bosman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Koglin"> Jason Koglin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Seaberg"> Matthew Seaberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Lane"> Thomas Lane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demet%20Kekilli"> Demet Kekilli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steffen%20Br%C3%BCnle"> Steffen Brünle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoyuki%20Tanaka"> Tomoyuki Tanaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenting%20Wu"> Wenting Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Milne"> Christopher Milne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20A.%20White"> Thomas A. White</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Barty"> Anton Barty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwe%20Weierstall"> Uwe Weierstall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerie%20Panneels"> Valerie Panneels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eriko%20Nango"> Eriko Nango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So%20Iwata"> So Iwata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Hunter"> Mark Hunter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Schapiro"> Igor Schapiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebhard%20Schertler"> Gebhard Schertler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Neutze"> Richard Neutze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%B6rg%20Standfuss"> Jörg Standfuss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrafast isomerization of retinal is the primary step in a range of photoresponsive biological functions including vision in humans and ion-transport across bacterial membranes. We studied the sub-picosecond structural dynamics of retinal isomerization in the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin using an X-ray laser. Twenty snapshots with near-atomic spatial and temporal resolution in the femtosecond regime show how the excited all-trans retinal samples conformational states within the protein binding pocket prior to passing through a highly-twisted geometry and emerging in the 13-cis conformation. The aspartic acid residues and functional water molecules in proximity of the retinal Schiff base respond collectively to formation and decay of the initial excited state and retinal isomerization. These observations reveal how the protein scaffold guides this remarkably efficient photochemical reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriorhodopsin" title="bacteriorhodopsin">bacteriorhodopsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free-electron%20laser" title=" free-electron laser"> free-electron laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20isomerization%20mechanism" title=" retinal isomerization mechanism"> retinal isomerization mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-resolved%20crystallography" title=" time-resolved crystallography"> time-resolved crystallography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90555/excited-state-structural-dynamics-of-retinal-isomerization-revealed-by-a-femtosecond-x-ray-laser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Driving Green Public Procurement – A Framework for a Supporting Structure for Public Authorities Based on Good Practices in Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pia%20Moschall">Pia Moschall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Sackmann"> Kathrin Sackmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering a purchasing volume of around two trillion Euros per year, which equals about 14% of the European Union’s gross domestic product, European public authorities have significant market power. Making use of this market power by prioritizing the procurement of green products and services offers a great potential to contribute to the Green New Deal. The market demand that is created by Green Public Procurement (GPP) sets incentives for European producers to design and develop Green Products and Eco-Innovations. However, most procurement still does not consider environmental criteria. The goal of the work is to encourage the adaptation of GPP in the European Union. To this end, the drivers for the adaptation were investigated over different case studies. The paper analyzes good-practice cases from European authorities from 2010 to 2020 that were provided by the European Commission. This analysis was guided by Philipp Mayring’s method of qualitative content analysis, whereby the inductively formed categories led to the identification of nine major drivers. The most important ones are ‘use of official guidelines and standards, ‘political support and requirements as well as ‘market research and involvement.’ Further, the paper discusses mutual dependencies between several drivers and how to exploit them. A supporting infrastructure was identified as a crucial factor for the successful adaption of green public procurement. In the next step, the work aims to examine on which administrative level the single drivers can be implemented most effectively. Practical implications of this research are recommendations on how to create a supporting structure on a municipal, federal and national level, including training for the responsible staff, support tools, as well as guidelines and standards for involved stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20analysis" title="content analysis">content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20public%20procurement" title=" green public procurement"> green public procurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20authorities" title=" public authorities"> public authorities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20procurement" title=" sustainable procurement"> sustainable procurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138033/driving-green-public-procurement-a-framework-for-a-supporting-structure-for-public-authorities-based-on-good-practices-in-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Constraint-Based Computational Modelling of Bioenergetic Pathway Switching in Synaptic Mitochondria from Parkinson's Disease Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20C.%20El%20Assal">Diana C. El Assal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Monteiro"> Fatima Monteiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20May"> Caroline May</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Barbuti"> Peter Barbuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20Bolognin"> Silvia Bolognin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Averina%20Nicolae"> Averina Nicolae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hulda%20Haraldsdottir"> Hulda Haraldsdottir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lemmer%20R.%20P.%20El%20Assal"> Lemmer R. P. El Assal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swagatika%20Sahoo"> Swagatika Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Longfei%20Mao"> Longfei Mao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jens%20Schwamborn"> Jens Schwamborn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rejko%20Kruger"> Rejko Kruger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ines%20Thiele"> Ines Thiele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Marcus"> Kathrin Marcus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronan%20M.%20T.%20Fleming"> Ronan M. T. Fleming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons is one of the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. These neurons have a highly complex axonal arborisation and a high energy demand, so any reduction in ATP synthesis could lead to an imbalance between supply and demand, thereby impeding normal neuronal bioenergetic requirements. Synaptic mitochondria exhibit increased vulnerability to dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. After biogenesis in and transport from the cell body, synaptic mitochondria become highly dependent upon oxidative phosphorylation. We applied a systems biochemistry approach to identify the metabolic pathways used by neuronal mitochondria for energy generation. The mitochondrial component of an existing manual reconstruction of human metabolism was extended with manual curation of the biochemical literature and specialised using omics data from Parkinson's disease patients and controls, to generate reconstructions of synaptic and somal mitochondrial metabolism. These reconstructions were converted into stoichiometrically- and fluxconsistent constraint-based computational models. These models predict that Parkinson's disease is accompanied by an increase in the rate of glycolysis and a decrease in the rate of oxidative phosphorylation within synaptic mitochondria. This is consistent with independent experimental reports of a compensatory switching of bioenergetic pathways in the putamen of post-mortem Parkinson's disease patients. Ongoing work, in the context of the SysMedPD project is aimed at computational prediction of mitochondrial drug targets to slow the progression of neurodegeneration in the subset of Parkinson's disease patients with overt mitochondrial dysfunction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioenergetics" title="bioenergetics">bioenergetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitochondria" title=" mitochondria"> mitochondria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parkinson%27s%20disease" title=" Parkinson's disease"> Parkinson's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systems%20biochemistry" title=" systems biochemistry"> systems biochemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70238/constraint-based-computational-modelling-of-bioenergetic-pathway-switching-in-synaptic-mitochondria-from-parkinsons-disease-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> 'Talent Schools' in North Rhine-Westphalia: Aims, Opportunities and Challenges of a 6-Year Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Beckmann">Laura Beckmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Rutter"> Sabrina Rutter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabell%20Van%20Ackeren"> Isabell Van Ackeren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Bremm"> Nina Bremm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Dominique%20Klein"> Esther Dominique Klein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Racherb%C3%A4umer"> Kathrin Racherbäumer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current evidence demonstrates that schools in socially disadvantaged contexts are often characterized by lower school performance and lower educational qualifications among the student body, compared to schools in more privileged socio-spacial contexts. At the same time, national and international findings on schools with structural and social challenges show that certain school and classroom development strategies, as well as human and material resources, can significantly contribute to improved school performance of students. The aim of this contribution is to present a 6-year mixed-methods study (Talent Schools in North Rhine-Westphalia), which is designed as a school experiment addressing the well-acknowledged inequality of educational opportunities in the German school system. Started in the year 2019 and funded by the Ministry for School and Education of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, the study targets schools in socio-spatially disadvantaged areas, which have increasingly been the focus of both public debate and educational policy. In the German-speaking countries, however, there is little knowledge available on the structure and design of complex strategies for school and classroom development that describe successful approaches to the further development of schools in disadvantaged locations in a process-oriented manner. Given these shortcomings, the present study aims at a longitudinal analysis of school and classroom development processes within 60 ‘talent schools’, whereby concrete micro-progressions within individual schools are documented and aggregated to general processes that may either impede or promote development. The main research question is the following: With the help of which strategies and (teaching) concepts, with which use of resources and with which forms of cooperation can schools contribute to the development of student achievement, including educational qualifications and transition rates in education and employment? Thus, the ‘talent schools’ may serve as examples of how social background can successfully be decoupled from educational success at schools with special structural and procedural challenges. The major chances and challenges of this project will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20inequality" title="educational inequality">educational inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20development" title=" school development"> school development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20achievement" title=" student achievement"> student achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-methods%20study" title=" mixed-methods study"> mixed-methods study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122749/talent-schools-in-north-rhine-westphalia-aims-opportunities-and-challenges-of-a-6-year-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Relationship between 21st Century Digital Skills and the Intention to Start a Digit Entrepreneurship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20F.%20Schneider">Kathrin F. Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Xavier%20Unda%20Galarza"> Luis Xavier Unda Galarza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In our modern world, few are the areas that are not permeated by digitalization: we use digital tools for work, study, entertainment, and daily life. Since technology changes rapidly, skills must adapt to the new reality, which gives a dynamic dimension to the set of skills necessary for people's academic, professional, and personal success. The concept of 21st-century digital skills, which includes skills such as collaboration, communication, digital literacy, citizenship, problem-solving, critical thinking, interpersonal skills, creativity, and productivity, have been widely discussed in the literature. Digital transformation has opened many economic opportunities for entrepreneurs for the development of their products, financing possibilities, and product distribution. One of the biggest advantages is the reduction in cost for the entrepreneur, which has opened doors not only for the entrepreneur or the entrepreneurial team but also for corporations through intrapreneurship. The development of students' general literacy level and their digital competencies is crucial for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning process, as well as for students' adaptation to the constantly changing labor market. The digital economy allows a free substantial increase in the supply share of conditional and also innovative products; this is mainly achieved through 5 ways to reduce costs according to the conventional digital economy: search costs, replication, transport, tracking, and verification. Digital entrepreneurship worldwide benefits from such achievements. There is an expansion and democratization of entrepreneurship thanks to the use of digital technologies. The digital transformation that has been taking place in recent years is more challenging for developing countries, as they have fewer resources available to carry out this transformation while offering all the necessary support in terms of cybersecurity and educating their people. The degree of digitization (use of digital technology) in a country and the levels of digital literacy of its people often depend on the economic level and situation of the country. Telefónica's Digital Life Index (TIDL) scores are strongly correlated with country wealth, reflecting the greater resources that richer countries can contribute to promoting "Digital Life". According to the Digitization Index, Ecuador is in the group of "emerging countries", while Chile, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay are in the group of "countries in transition". According to Herrera Espinoza et al. (2022), there are startups or digital ventures in Ecuador, especially in certain niches, but many of the ventures do not exceed six months of creation because they arise out of necessity and not out of the opportunity. However, there is a lack of relevant research, especially empirical research, to have a clearer vision. Through a self-report questionnaire, the digital skills of students will be measured in an Ecuadorian private university, according to the skills identified as the six 21st-century skills. The results will be put to the test against the variable of the intention to start a digital venture measured using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The main hypothesis is that high digital competence is positively correlated with the intention to start digital entrepreneurship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20literacies" title="new literacies">new literacies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20transformation" title=" digital transformation"> digital transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=21st%20century%20skills" title=" 21st century skills"> 21st century skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20planned%20behavior" title=" theory of planned behavior"> theory of planned behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20entrepreneurship" title=" digital entrepreneurship"> digital entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162639/the-relationship-between-21st-century-digital-skills-and-the-intention-to-start-a-digit-entrepreneurship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> MANIFEST-2, a Global, Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Control Study of Pelabresib (CPI-0610) and Ruxolitinib vs. Placebo and Ruxolitinib in JAK Inhibitor-Naïve Myelofibrosis Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claire%20Harrison">Claire Harrison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raajit%20K.%20Rampal"> Raajit K. Rampal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Gupta"> Vikas Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srdan%20Verstovsek"> Srdan Verstovsek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moshe%20Talpaz"> Moshe Talpaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Jacques%0D%0AKiladjian"> Jean-Jacques Kiladjian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruben%20Mesa"> Ruben Mesa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Kuykendall"> Andrew Kuykendall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Vannucchi"> Alessandro Vannucchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Palandri"> Francesca Palandri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%0D%0AGrosicki"> Sebastian Grosicki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Devos"> Timothy Devos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Jourdan"> Eric Jourdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marielle%20J.%20Wondergem"> Marielle J. Wondergem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haifa%20Kathrin%20Al-Ali"> Haifa Kathrin Al-Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronika%0D%0ABuxhofer-Ausch"> Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20Alvarez-Larr%C3%A1n"> Alberto Alvarez-Larrán</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Akhani"> Sanjay Akhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Mu%C3%B1oz-Carerras"> Rafael Muñoz-Carerras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yury%20Sheykin"> Yury Sheykin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gozde%20Colak"> Gozde Colak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morgan%20Harris"> Morgan Harris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Mascarenhas"> John Mascarenhas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Myelofibrosis (MF) is characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, anemia, splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms. Progressive bone marrow fibrosis results from aberrant megakaryopoeisis and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, both of which are heavily influenced by bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET)-mediated gene regulation and lead to myeloproliferation and cytopenias. Pelabresib (CPI-0610) is an oral small-molecule investigational inhibitor of BET protein bromodomains currently being developed for the treatment of patients with MF. It is designed to downregulate BET target genes and modify nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. MANIFEST-2 was initiated based on data from Arm 3 of the ongoing Phase 2 MANIFEST study (NCT02158858), which is evaluating the combination of pelabresib and ruxolitinib in Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) treatment-naïve patients with MF. Primary endpoint analyses showed splenic and symptom responses in 68% and 56% of 84 enrolled patients, respectively. MANIFEST-2 (NCT04603495) is a global, Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-control study of pelabresib and ruxolitinib versus placebo and ruxolitinib in JAKi treatment-naïve patients with primary MF, post-polycythemia vera MF or post-essential thrombocythemia MF. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pelabresib in combination with ruxolitinib. Here we report updates from a recent protocol amendment. The MANIFEST-2 study schema is shown in Figure 1. Key eligibility criteria include a Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS) score of Intermediate-1 or higher, platelet count ≥100 × 10^9/L, spleen volume ≥450 cc by computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, ≥2 symptoms with an average score ≥3 or a Total Symptom Score (TSS) of ≥10 using the Myelofibrosis Symptom Assessment Form v4.0, peripheral blast count <5% and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2. Patient randomization will be stratified by DIPSS risk category (Intermediate-1 vs Intermediate-2 vs High), platelet count (>200 × 10^9/L vs 100–200 × 10^9/L) and spleen volume (≥1800 cm^3 vs <1800 cm^3). Double-blind treatment (pelabresib or matching placebo) will be administered once daily for 14 consecutive days, followed by a 7 day break, which is considered one cycle of treatment. Ruxolitinib will be administered twice daily for all 21 days of the cycle. The primary endpoint is SVR35 response (≥35% reduction in spleen volume from baseline) at Week 24, and the key secondary endpoint is TSS50 response (≥50% reduction in TSS from baseline) at Week 24. Other secondary endpoints include safety, pharmacokinetics, changes in bone marrow fibrosis, duration of SVR35 response, duration of TSS50 response, progression-free survival, overall survival, conversion from transfusion dependence to independence and rate of red blood cell transfusion for the first 24 weeks. Study recruitment is ongoing; 400 patients (200 per arm) from North America, Europe, Asia and Australia will be enrolled. The study opened for enrollment in November 2020. MANIFEST-2 was initiated based on data from the ongoing Phase 2 MANIFEST study with the aim of assessing the efficacy and safety of pelabresib and ruxolitinib in JAKi treatment-naïve patients with MF. MANIFEST-2 is currently open for enrollment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPI-0610" title="CPI-0610">CPI-0610</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JAKi%20treatment-na%C3%AFve" title=" JAKi treatment-naïve"> JAKi treatment-naïve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANIFEST-2" title=" MANIFEST-2"> MANIFEST-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myelofibrosis" title=" myelofibrosis"> myelofibrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelabresib" title=" pelabresib"> pelabresib</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148353/manifest-2-a-global-phase-3-randomized-double-blind-active-control-study-of-pelabresib-cpi-0610-and-ruxolitinib-vs-placebo-and-ruxolitinib-in-jak-inhibitor-naive-myelofibrosis-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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