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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Instrumentation+and+control+engineering%22">"Instrumentation and control engineering"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Instrumentation+and+control+engineering%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Instrumentation+and+control+engineering%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Instrumentation+and+control+engineering%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Instrumentation+and+control+engineering%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Instrumentation+and+control+engineering%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Instrumentation and control engineering</b> (ICE) is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_engineering_branches" title="List of engineering branches">branch of</a> <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> that studies the measurement and control of <a href="/wiki/Process_variable" title="Process variable">process variables</a>, and the design and implementation of <a href="/wiki/System" title="System">systems</a> that incorporate them. Process variables include <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">flow</a>, <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speed" title="Speed">speed</a>. </p><p>ICE combines two branches of engineering. <a href="/wiki/Instrumentation#Instrumentation_engineering" title="Instrumentation">Instrumentation engineering</a> is the science of the measurement and control of process variables within a production or manufacturing area.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Control_engineering" title="Control engineering">control engineering</a>, also called control systems engineering, is the engineering discipline that applies <a href="/wiki/Control_theory" title="Control theory">control theory</a> to design systems with desired behaviors. </p><p>Control engineers are responsible for the research, design, and development of control devices and systems, typically in manufacturing facilities and <a href="/wiki/Oil_production_plant" title="Oil production plant">process plants</a>. Control methods employ sensors to measure the output variable of the device and provide feedback to the controller so that it can make corrections toward desired performance. Automatic control manages a device without the need of human inputs for correction, such as cruise control for regulating a car's speed. </p><p>Control systems engineering activities are multi-disciplinary in nature. They focus on the implementation of control systems, mainly derived by mathematical modeling. Because instrumentation and control play a significant role in gathering information from a system and changing its <a href="/wiki/Parameter" title="Parameter">parameters</a>, they are a key part of <a href="/wiki/Control_loop" title="Control loop">control loops</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_profession">As profession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentation_and_control_engineering&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: As profession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>High demand for engineering professionals is found in fields associated with process automation. Specializations include <a href="/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">industrial</a> <a href="/wiki/Instrumentation" title="Instrumentation">instrumentation</a>, <a href="/wiki/System_dynamics" title="System dynamics">system dynamics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Process_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Process control">process control</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Control_system" title="Control system">control systems</a>. Additionally, technological knowledge, particularly in computer systems, is essential to the job of an instrumentation and control engineer; important technology-related topics include <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human–computer interaction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Programmable_logic_controller" title="Programmable logic controller">programmable logic controllers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SCADA" title="SCADA">SCADA</a>. The tasks center around designing, developing, maintaining and managing control systems.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The goals of the work of an instrumentation and control engineer are to maximize: </p> <ul><li>Productivity</li> <li>Optimization</li> <li>Stability</li> <li>Reliability</li> <li>Safety</li> <li>Continuity</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_academic_discipline">As academic discipline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentation_and_control_engineering&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As academic discipline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Instrumentation and control engineering is a vital field of study offered at many universities worldwide at both the <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgraduate">postgraduate</a> levels. This discipline integrates principles from various branches of engineering, providing a comprehensive understanding of the design, analysis, and management of automated systems. </p><p>Typical coursework for this discipline includes, but is not limited to, subjects such as <a href="/wiki/Control_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Control systems">control system design</a>, instrumentation fundamentals, <a href="/wiki/Process_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Process control">process control</a>, sensors and <a href="/wiki/Signal_processing" title="Signal processing">signal processing</a>, automation, <a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a>, and industrial data communications. Advanced courses may delve into topics like intelligent control systems, <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processing" title="Digital signal processing">digital signal processing</a>, and embedded systems design. </p><p>Students often have the opportunity to engage in hands-on laboratory work and industry-relevant projects, which foster practical skills alongside theoretical knowledge. These experiences are crucial in preparing graduates for careers in diverse sectors including <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Power generation">power generation</a>, oil and gas, and healthcare, where they may design and maintain systems that automate processes, improve efficiency, and enhance safety. </p><p>Interdisciplinary by nature, the field is accessible to students from various engineering backgrounds. Most commonly, students with a foundation in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical Engineering">Electrical Engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a> are drawn to this field due to their strong base in <a href="/wiki/Control_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Control systems">control systems</a>, system dynamics, electro-mechanical machines and devices, and electric circuits (course work). However, with the growing complexity and integration of systems, students from fields like <a href="/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">computer engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">biomedical engineering</a> are increasingly contributing to and benefiting from studies in instrumentation and <a href="/wiki/Control_engineering" title="Control engineering">control engineering</a>. </p><p>Furthermore, the rapid advancement of technology in areas like the Internet of Things (IoT), <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI), and <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> is continuously shaping the curriculum of this discipline, making it an ever-evolving and dynamic field of study. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentation_and_control_engineering&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial system">Industrial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation_in_petrochemical_industries" title="Instrumentation in petrochemical industries">Instrumentation in petrochemical industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sensors" title="List of sensors">List of sensors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrology" title="Metrology">Metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measurement" title="Measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_logic_controller" title="Programmable logic controller">Programmable logic controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_of_Automation" title="International Society of Automation">International Society of Automation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentation_and_control_engineering&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nait.ca/program_home_78211.htm">"Instrumentation "</a>, <i>The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology.</i>, Retrieved 17 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electronicsforu.com/resources/instrumentation-control-engineering-perfectionists">"Instrumentation and Control Engineering is for Perfectionists"</a>, <i>Diksha P Gupta</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentation_and_control_engineering&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517130918/http://iicta.org/">Industrial Instrumentation and Controls Technology Alliance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://instrumentationandcontrol.net">Instrumentation and Control</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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