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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Kjemisk+formel" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Kjemisk+formel" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Molekylformler_og_strukturformler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molekylformler_og_strukturformler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Molekylformler og strukturformler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molekylformler_og_strukturformler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polymerer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polymerer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Polymerer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polymerer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ioner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ioner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ioner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotoper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotoper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Isotoper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotoper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empirisk_formel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empirisk_formel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Empirisk formel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empirisk_formel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikke-støkiometriske_formler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikke-støkiometriske_formler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ikke-støkiometriske formler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikke-støkiometriske_formler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kjemisk formel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 99 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemisk_formel" title="Kjemisk formel – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjemisk formel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumformel" title="Sumformel – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sumformel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisk_formel" title="Kemisk formel – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kemisk formel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnaform%C3%BAla" title="Efnaformúla – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnaformúla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiese_formule" title="Chemiese formule – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chemiese formule" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="صيغة كيميائية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صيغة كيميائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Fórmula química – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fórmula química" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_formul" title="Kimyəvi formul – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi formul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4" title="রাসায়নিক সংকেত – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাসায়নিক সংকেত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dk-sek" title="Hòa-ha̍k-sek – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hòa-ha̍k-sek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Хімічная формула – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімічная формула" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Химична формула – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химична формула" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_formula" title="Hemijska formula – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemijska formula" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formulenn_gimiek" title="Formulenn gimiek – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Formulenn gimiek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Fórmula química – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fórmula química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Химилле формула – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Химилле формула" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%BD_vzorec" title="Chemický vzorec – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemický vzorec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فورمولة كيماوية – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فورمولة كيماوية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_Formel" title="Chemische Formel – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chemische Formel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiline_valem" title="Keemiline valem – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiline valem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Χημικός τύπος – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημικός τύπος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical formula" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Fórmula química – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fórmula química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_formulo" title="Kemia formulo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemia formulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_kimiko" title="Formula kimiko – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Formula kimiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="فرمول شیمیایی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمول شیمیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formule_chimique" title="Formule chimique – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Formule chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foirmle_cheimiceach" title="Foirmle cheimiceach – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foirmle cheimiceach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formley_kemmigagh" title="Formley kemmigagh – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Formley kemmigagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Fórmula química – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fórmula química" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%BC%8F" title="化學式 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="化學式" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%8B%9D" title="화학식 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화학식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B1%D6%87" title="Քիմիական բանաձև – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմիական բանաձև" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रासायनिक सूत्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रासायनिक सूत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijska_formula" title="Kemijska formula – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kemijska formula" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiala_formulo" title="Kemiala formulo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kemiala formulo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumus kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_chimic" title="Formula chimic – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Formula chimic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_chimica" title="Formula chimica – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Formula chimica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99" title="כתיב כימי – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתיב כימי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rumus kimia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ფორმულა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიური ფორმულა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Химиялық формула – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық формула" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2mil_chimik" title="Fòmil chimik – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fòmil chimik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Химиялык формулалар – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Химиялык формулалар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_chemica" title="Formula chemica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Formula chemica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisk%C4%81_formula" title="Ķīmiskā formula – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmiskā formula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheemesch_Formel" title="Cheemesch Formel – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cheemesch Formel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemin%C4%97_formul%C4%97" title="Cheminė formulė – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cheminė formulė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furmula_chimica" title="Furmula chimica – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Furmula chimica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_k%C3%A9plet" title="Kémiai képlet – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai képlet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Хемиска формула – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хемиска формула" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="രാസസൂത്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാസസൂത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रासायनिक सूत्र – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रासायनिक सूत्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_kimia" title="Formula kimia – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Formula kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1-h%C5%8Fk-s%C3%A9k" title="Huá-hŏk-sék – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huá-hŏk-sék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92_%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="ဓာတုဗေဒ ဖော်မျူလာ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဓာတုဗေဒ ဖော်မျူလာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_formule" title="Chemische formule – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chemische formule" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रासायनिक सूत्र – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रासायनिक सूत्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_quimica" title="Formula quimica – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Formula quimica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_formulalar" title="Kimyoviy formulalar – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy formulalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਫ਼ਾਰਮੂਲਾ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਫ਼ਾਰਮੂਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کیمیائی فارمولا – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیمیائی فارمولا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92_%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="ဓာတုဗေဒ ဖော်မျူလာ – pa'o" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဓာတုဗေဒ ဖော်မျူလာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="pa'o" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="រូបមន្តគីមី – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រូបមន្តគីមី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summenformel" title="Summenformel – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Summenformel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolika_chemiczna" title="Symbolika chemiczna – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Symbolika chemiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Fórmula química – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fórmula química" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formul%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Formulă chimică – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Formulă chimică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Химическая формула – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химическая формула" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Химия формулата – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Химия формулата" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کیمیائی فارمولا – saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کیمیائی فارمولا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chemical formula" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiske_Formel" title="Chemiske Formel – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Chemiske Formel" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_kimike" title="Formula kimike – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Formula kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB" title="රසායනික සූත්‍ර – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රසායනික සූත්‍ර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemical formula" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%BD_vzorec" title="Chemický vzorec – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chemický vzorec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijska_formula" title="Kemijska formula – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kemijska formula" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="شێوگی کیمیایی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شێوگی کیمیایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Хемијска формула – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемијска формула" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijska_formula" title="Kemijska formula – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kemijska formula" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiallinen_kaava" title="Kemiallinen kaava – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kemiallinen kaava" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pormulang_kemikal" title="Pormulang kemikal – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pormulang kemikal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="மூலக்கூற்று வாய்பாடு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூலக்கூற்று வாய்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taftart_takrurant" title="Taftart takrurant – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taftart takrurant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="రసాయన సూత్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రసాయన సూత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="สูตรเคมี – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สูตรเคมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Формулаи химиявӣ – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Формулаи химиявӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyasal_form%C3%BCl" title="Kimyasal formül – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimyasal formül" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><p>En <b>kjemisk formel</b> (også kalt <b>molekylær formel</b> eller <b>molekylformel</b>) er en konsis måte å uttrykke informasjon om <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomene</a> som utgjør en bestemt <a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_forbindelse" title="Kjemisk forbindelse">kjemisk forbindelse</a>. Den identifiserer hver type <a href="/wiki/Grunnstoff" title="Grunnstoff">grunnstoff</a> etter dets <a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjemisk symbol">kjemiske symbol</a> og identifiserer antallet atomer av det grunnstoffet som er i hvert avgrensede <a href="/wiki/Molekyl" title="Molekyl">molekyl</a> av den forbindelsen. Antallet atomer (hvis større enn ett) blir angitt med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senket_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senket skrift (ikke skrevet ennå)">senket skrift</a> (selv om bøker fra 1800-tallet ofte brukte hevet skrift). For ikke-molekylære substanser angir senket skrift forholdstallet mellom elementene i den empiriske formelen. En kjemisk formel som blir brukt for en rekke forbindelser som skiller seg fra hverandre med en konstant enhet kalles <b>generell formel</b>. En slik serie blir kalt en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homolog_serie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homolog serie (ikke skrevet ennå)">homolog serie</a> mens medlemmene i den blir kalt homologer. <a href="/wiki/Hill-systemet" title="Hill-systemet">Hill-systemet</a> er en vanlig konvensjon for å skrive og sortere formler. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Molekylformler_og_strukturformler">Molekylformler og strukturformler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Molekylformler og strukturformler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Molekylformler og strukturformler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Et eksempel, <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a>, et enkelt molekyl som består av ett <a href="/wiki/Karbon_(grunnstoff)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbon (grunnstoff)">karbon</a>-atom bundet til fire <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>-atomer, har den kjemiske formelen: </p> <dl><dd>CH<sub>4</sub></dd></dl> <p>og glukose med seks <a href="/wiki/Karbon_(grunnstoff)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbon (grunnstoff)">karbon</a>-atomer, tolv <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>-atomer og seks <a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">oksygen</a>-atomer har kjemisk formel: </p> <dl><dd>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>.</dd></dl> <p>En kjemisk formel kan også gi informasjon om typer og romlig organisering av bindinger i kjemikalien, selv om den ikke nødvendigvis angir den eksakte <a href="/wiki/Isomeri" title="Isomeri">isomeren</a>. For eksempel består <a href="/wiki/Etan" title="Etan">etan</a> av to karbon-atomer men enkeltbinding til hverandre, hvert av dem har tre hydrogen-atomer bundet til seg. Dets kjemiske formel kan skrives som CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>. Hvis det var en dobbeltbinding mellom karbon-atomene (og hvert karbon følgelig hadde to hydrogen), kunne man ha skrevet den kjemiske formelen: CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>, og det faktum at det er en dobbeltbinding mellom karbon-atomene blir antatt. En mer eksplisitt og korrekt metode er imidlertid å skrive H<sub>2</sub>C:CH<sub>2</sub> eller H<sub>2</sub>C=CH<sub>2</sub>. De to prikkene eller linjene indikerer at en dobbeltbinding forbinder atomene på hver side av dem. </p><p>En trippelbinding kan bli uttrykt med tre prikker eller linjer, og hvis det kan oppstå uklarhet kan en enkelt prikk eller linje bli brukt til å indikere en enkeltbinding. </p><p>Molekyler med flere funksjonelle grupper som er like kan bli uttrykt på følgende måte: (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CH. Imidlertid impliserer dette en ulik struktur enn andre molekyler som kan dannes ved bruk av de samme atomene (<a href="/wiki/Isomeri" title="Isomeri">isomerer</a>). Formelen (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CH impliserer en kjede av tre karbon-atomer, med det midtre karbon-atomet bundet til et annet karbon. </p><p>Og de gjenværende bindingene på karbonene går alle til hydrogen-atomer. Det samme antallet atomer (10 hydrogen og 4 karbon, eller C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) kan riktignok bli brukt til å lage en rett kjede: CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>. </p><p>Alkenet but-2-ene har to isomerer som den kjemiske formelen CH<sub>3</sub>CH=CHCH<sub>3</sub> ikke identifiserer. Den relative plasseringen av de to metyl-gruppene må angis med ytterligere notasjon som viser hvorvidt metyl-gruppene er på den samme siden av dobbeltbindingen (<i>cis</i> eller <i>Z</i>) eller på motsatte sider av hverandre (<i>trans</i> eller <i>E</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polymerer">Polymerer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Polymerer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Polymerer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymerer</a> blir parenteser brukt til å omslutte det elementet som blir gjentatt. For eksempel er et <a href="/wiki/Hydrokarbon" title="Hydrokarbon">hydrokarbon</a>-molekyl som er beskrevet som: CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>50</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> et molekyl med 50 repeterende enheter. Hvis antallet repeterende enheter er ukjent eller variabelt, kan bokstaven <i>n</i> brukes til å angi dette: CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>n</i></sub>CH<sub>3</sub>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ioner">Ioner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ioner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ioner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ioner</a> kan ladningen på et bestemt atom bli angitt ved hevet tekst på høyre side. For eksempel Na<sup>+</sup>, eller Cu<sup>2+</sup>. Den totale ladningen på et ladd molekyl eller et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fleratomisk_ion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fleratomisk ion (ikke skrevet ennå)">fleratomisk ion</a> kan også bli vist på denne måten. For eksempel: <a href="/wiki/Hydronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydronium">hydronium</a>, H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> eller <a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">sulfat</a>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotoper">Isotoper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Isotoper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Isotoper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selv om <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a> er mer relevante innen <a href="/wiki/Kjernekjemi" title="Kjernekjemi">kjernekjemi</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabil_isotop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabil isotop (ikke skrevet ennå)">stabil isotop</a>-kjemi enn i konvensjonell kjemi, kan ulike isotoper bli angitt med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hevet_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hevet skrift (ikke skrevet ennå)">hevet skrift</a> på venstre side i en kjemisk formel. For eksempel er fosfat-ionet som inneholder radioaktivt fosfor-32 <sup>32</sup>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>. En studie som inkluderer stabile forholdstall mellom isotoper kan og inneholde <sup>18</sup>O:<sup>16</sup>O. </p><p>Senket skrift på venstre side blir noen ganger unødvendig brukt for av praktiske grunner å angi <a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">atomnummeret</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Empirisk_formel">Empirisk formel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Empirisk formel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Empirisk formel"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Kjemi" title="Kjemi">kjemi</a> er den <a href="/wiki/Empirisk_formel" title="Empirisk formel">empiriske formelen</a> til en kjemikalie en enkel beskrivelse av det relative antall av hver atom-type eller forholdstall mellom grunnstoffene i den. Empiriske formler er standarden for ioniske forbindelser, slik som CaCl<sub>2</sub>, og for makromolekyler, slik som SiO<sub>2</sub>. En empirisk formel gir ingen informasjon om <a href="/wiki/Isomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomer">isomerisme</a>, struktur eller det absolutte antall atomer. Termen <b>empirisk</b> henviser til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grunnstoffanalyse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grunnstoffanalyse (ikke skrevet ennå)">grunnstoffanalyse</a>, en teknikk innen <a href="/wiki/Analytisk_kjemi" title="Analytisk kjemi">analytisk kjemi</a> anvendt for å fastslå den relative prosentvise sammensetningen av en ren kjemisk substans etter grunnstoff. </p><p>For eksempel kunne <a href="/wiki/Heksan" title="Heksan">heksan</a> ha en kjemisk formel CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, noe som ville fortelle at det har en rett kjedestruktur, 6 <a href="/wiki/Karbon_(grunnstoff)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbon (grunnstoff)">karbon</a>-atomer og 14 <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>-atomer. Molekylformelen for heksan er C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>, men den empiriske formelen for det samme molekylet vil være C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>, idet det er forholdstallet 3:7 man kommer fram til ved støkiometriske analyser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikke-støkiometriske_formler"><span id="Ikke-st.C3.B8kiometriske_formler"></span>Ikke-støkiometriske formler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ikke-støkiometriske formler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ikke-støkiometriske formler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hovedartikkel: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikke-st%C3%B8kiometrisk_forbindelse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikke-støkiometrisk forbindelse (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ikke-støkiometrisk forbindelse</a></i> </p><p>Kjemiske formler bruker som oftest <a href="/wiki/Naturlig_tall" title="Naturlig tall">naturlige tall</a> for hvert av grunnstoffene. Det finnes imidlertid hele klasser av forbindelser, kalt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikke-st%C3%B8kiometrisk_forbindelse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikke-støkiometrisk forbindelse (ikke skrevet ennå)">ikke-støkiometriske forbindelser</a>, som ikke kan angis med veldefinerte naturlige tall. En slik formel kan skrives ved å bruke <a href="/wiki/Reelt_tall" title="Reelt tall">reelle tall</a>, som i Fe<sub>0.95</sub>O, eller den kan inneholde en variabel del som blir representert av en bokstav, som i Fe<sub>1–x</sub>O. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet">Periodesystemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjemisk symbol">Kjemisk symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligning_(kjemi)" title="Ligning (kjemi)">Kjemisk ligning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isomeri" title="Isomeri">Isomeri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjemisk_formel&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="chang5" class="citation book">Chang, Raymond (2008). <i>General chemistry : the essential concepts</i> (5 utg.). Boston. McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780071102261" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/9780071102261">9780071102261</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKjemisk+formel&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.btitle=General+chemistry+%3A+the+essential+concepts&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=5&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780071102261&rft.place=Boston&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="chang7" class="citation book">Chang, Raymond; Goldsby, Kenneth A. (2014). <i>General chemistry : the essential concepts</i> (7 utg.). New York. McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9781259060427" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/9781259060427">9781259060427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKjemisk+formel&rft.au=Goldsby%2C+Kenneth+A.&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.btitle=General+chemistry+%3A+the+essential+concepts&rft.date=2014&rft.edition=7&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781259060427&rft.place=New+York&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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