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<span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_male_mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_male_mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>In male mammals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_male_mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discharge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discharge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Discharge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discharge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Appearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breast_cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breast_cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Breast cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breast_cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vertical_transmission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vertical_transmission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Vertical transmission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vertical_transmission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Other disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surgery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surgery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Surgery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surgery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exposure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exposure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Exposure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exposure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piercings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piercings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Piercings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piercings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>In business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nipple</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepel" title="Tepel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tepel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brustwarze" title="Brustwarze – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Brustwarze" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9" title="حلمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pez%C3%B3n" title="Pezón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pezón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%A0%DC%A1%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܚܠܡܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܠܡܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamapu%27%C3%A3" title="Kamapu'ã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kamapu'ã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6%C5%9F_gil%C9%99si" title="Döş giləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Döş giləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="স্তনবৃন্ত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্তনবৃন্ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Сасок – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сасок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utong" title="Utong – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Utong" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Мамила – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мамила" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradavica_(dojka)" title="Bradavica (dojka) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bradavica (dojka)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beg_ar_vronn" title="Beg ar vronn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Beg ar vronn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugr%C3%B3" title="Mugró – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mugró" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradavka" title="Bradavka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bradavka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teth_(corff)" title="Teth (corff) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teth (corff)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brystvorte" title="Brystvorte – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brystvorte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brustwarze" title="Brustwarze – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brustwarze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibu" title="Nibu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nibu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Θηλή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θηλή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavd%C3%A8in" title="Cavdèin – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cavdèin" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Поте пря – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Поте пря" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pez%C3%B3n" title="Pezón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pezón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mampinto" title="Mampinto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mampinto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titiburu" title="Titiburu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Titiburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نوک پستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوک پستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelon" title="Mamelon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mamelon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spien" title="Spien – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spien" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine" title="Sine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamila" title="Mamila – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mamila" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%91%90" title="유두 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유두" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF" title="Պտուկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պտուկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95" title="चुचुक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चुचुक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamilo" title="Mamilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mamilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungay" title="Mungay – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mungay" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puting" title="Puting – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Puting" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingono" title="Ingono – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ingono" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geirvarta" title="Geirvarta – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geirvarta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capezzolo" title="Capezzolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capezzolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%94" title="פטמה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95" title="ಚೂಚುಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೂಚುಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuchu" title="Chuchu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chuchu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilla" title="Papilla – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Papilla" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%ABtsgals" title="Krūtsgals – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krūtsgals" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%ABties_spenelis" title="Krūties spenelis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krūties spenelis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellbimb%C3%B3" title="Mellbimbó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mellbimbó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penth%C3%A8l" title="Penthèl – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Penthèl" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Брадавица – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брадавица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D" title="മുലക്കണ്ണ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുലക്കണ്ണ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="स्तनाग्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्तनाग्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="حلمة بز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حلمة بز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puting" title="Puting – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Puting" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepel" title="Tepel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tepel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="स्तनको मुन्टा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्तनको मुन्टा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%A6%96" title="乳首 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="乳首" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patte" title="Patte – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Patte" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brystvorte" title="Brystvorte – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brystvorte" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80" title="ਚੂਚੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੂਚੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodawka_sutkowa" title="Brodawka sutkowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brodawka sutkowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamilo" title="Mamilo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mamilo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelon" title="Mamelon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mamelon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Сосок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сосок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nipple" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capicchiu" title="Capicchiu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Capicchiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nipple" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prsn%C3%A1_bradavka" title="Prsná bradavka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prsná bradavka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prsna_bradavica" title="Prsna bradavica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prsna bradavica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Брадавица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брадавица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4nni" title="Nänni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nänni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B6stv%C3%A5rta" title="Bröstvårta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bröstvårta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utong" title="Utong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Utong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="முலைக்காம்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முலைக்காம்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D1%87%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Имчәк – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Имчәк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1" title="หัวนม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หัวนม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meme_ba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Meme başı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meme başı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Сосок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сосок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAm_v%C3%BA" title="Núm vú – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Núm vú" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B6%E5%A4%B4" title="奶头 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奶头" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" title="ציצע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ציצע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%A2%86%A1%E9%A0%AD" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the anatomical structure. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nipple_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nipple (disambiguation)">Nipple (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of the breast</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Nipple</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:African_Breast_SG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/African_Breast_SG.jpg/250px-African_Breast_SG.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/African_Breast_SG.jpg/330px-African_Breast_SG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/African_Breast_SG.jpg/500px-African_Breast_SG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="624" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A nipple, <a href="/wiki/Areola" title="Areola">areola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breast</a> of a female human</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>papilla mammaria</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009558">D009558</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/16.0.02.004%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A16.0.02.004</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=7105">7105</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma67771">67771</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188641" class="extiw" title="d:Q188641">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>nipple</b> is a raised region of tissue on the surface of the <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breast</a> from which, in <a href="/wiki/Lactating" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactating">lactating</a> females, <a href="/wiki/Breast_milk" title="Breast milk">milk</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mammary_gland" title="Mammary gland">mammary gland</a> leaves the body through the <a href="/wiki/Lactiferous_duct" title="Lactiferous duct">lactiferous ducts</a> to <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">nurse</a> an infant.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen201080_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen201080-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The milk can flow through the nipple passively, or it can be ejected by <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscles" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth muscles">smooth</a> <a href="/wiki/Muscular_contraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscular contraction">muscle contractions</a> that occur along with the ductal system. The nipple is surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Areola" title="Areola">areola</a>, which is often a darker colour than the surrounding skin.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Male mammals also have nipples but without the same level of function or prominence. A nipple is often called a <i><a href="/wiki/Teat" title="Teat">teat</a></i> when referring to non-humans. "Nipple" or "teat" can also be used to describe the flexible mouthpiece of a <a href="/wiki/Baby_bottle" title="Baby bottle">baby bottle</a>. </p><p>In humans, the nipples of both males and females can be <a href="/wiki/Sexually_stimulated" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually stimulated">sexually stimulated</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">sexual arousal</a>. In many cultures, female nipples are <a href="/wiki/Sexualize" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexualize">sexualized</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or regarded as sex objects and evaluated in terms of their physical characteristics and sex appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-Dewar_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dewar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cultures have little to no sexualization of the nipple, and going <a href="/wiki/Topless" class="mw-redirect" title="Topless">topless</a> presents no barrier.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="barrier to what? (January 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word "nipple" most likely originates as a <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> of <i>neb</i>, an <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word meaning "beak", "nose", or "face", and which is of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Germanic origin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The words "teat" and "tit" share a Germanic ancestor. The second of the two, tit, was inherited directly from Proto-Germanic, while the first entered English via <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png/250px-Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png/330px-Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png/500px-Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2368" /></a><figcaption>The breast: cross-section scheme of the <a href="/wiki/Mammary_gland" title="Mammary gland">mammary gland</a>: <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_wall" title="Thoracic wall">Chest wall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pectoralis_major_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoralis major muscle">Pectoralis muscles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lobe_(anatomy)" title="Lobe (anatomy)">Lobules</a></li><li><b>Nipple</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Areola" title="Areola">Areola</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lactiferous_duct" title="Lactiferous duct">Milk duct</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Adipose_tissue" title="Adipose tissue">Fatty tissue</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">Skin</a></li></ol></div></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, a nipple (also called mammary papilla or <a href="/wiki/Teat" title="Teat">teat</a>) is a small projection of <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a> containing the outlets for 15–20 <a href="/wiki/Lactiferous_duct" title="Lactiferous duct">lactiferous ducts</a> arranged cylindrically around the tip. <a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">Marsupials</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">eutherian mammals</a> typically have an even number of nipples arranged bilaterally, from as few as 2 to as many as 19.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The skin of the nipple is rich in a supply of special <a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">nerves</a> that are sensitive to certain stimuli: these are slowly-adapting and rapidly-adapting <a href="/wiki/Integumentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Integumentary">cutaneous</a> <a href="/wiki/Mechanoreceptor" title="Mechanoreceptor">mechanoreceptors</a>. Mechanoreceptors are identified respectively by Type I slowly-adapting with multiple <a href="/wiki/Merkel_corpuscle_end-organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Merkel corpuscle end-organ">Merkel corpuscle end-organs</a> and Type II slowly-adapting with single <a href="/wiki/Ruffini_corpuscle_end-organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruffini corpuscle end-organ">Ruffini corpuscle end-organs</a>, as well as Type I rapidly-adapting with multiple <a href="/wiki/Meissner_corpuscle_end-organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Meissner corpuscle end-organ">Meissner corpuscle end-organs</a> and Type II rapidly-adapting with single <a href="/wiki/Pacinian_corpuscle_end-organs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacinian corpuscle end-organs">Pacinian corpuscle end-organs</a>. The dominant nerve supply to the nipple comes from the lateral cutaneous branches of fourth <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal nerve">intercostal nerve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nipple is also used as an anatomical landmark. It marks the T4 (fourth thoracic vertebra) <a href="/wiki/Dermatome_(anatomy)" title="Dermatome (anatomy)">dermatome</a> and rests over the approximate level of the diaphragm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen201073_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen201073-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The arterial supply to the nipple and breast originates from the anterior intercostal branches of the internal thoracic (mammary) arteries; lateral thoracic artery; and thoracodorsal arteries. The venous vessels parallel the arteries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen201080_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen201080-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lymphatic ducts that drain the nipple are the same for the breast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen201080_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen201080-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The axillary nodes are the apical axillary nodes, the lateral group and the anterior group.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 75% of the lymph is drained through the axillary lymph nodes located near the armpit. The rest of the drainage leaves the nipple and breast through infroclavicular, pectoral, or parasternal nodes. </p><p>Since nipples change throughout the life span in men and women, the anatomy of the nipple can change and this change may be expected and considered normal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_male_mammals">In male mammals</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nipple_of_male_human.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nipple_of_male_human.jpg/250px-Nipple_of_male_human.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nipple_of_male_human.jpg/330px-Nipple_of_male_human.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nipple_of_male_human.jpg/500px-Nipple_of_male_human.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="3728" /></a><figcaption>Nipple of a human male</figcaption></figure> <p>Almost all <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a> have nipples. Why males have nipples has been the subject of scientific research. Differences among the sexes (called <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a>) within a given species are considered by <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary biologist">evolutionary biologists</a> to be mostly the result of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">sexual selection</a>, directly or indirectly. There is a consensus that the male nipple exists because there is no particular advantage to males losing the trait. In consequence, some biologists would call the male nipple a <a href="/wiki/Spandrel_(biology)" title="Spandrel (biology)">spandrel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In humans, the nipples are often surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Body_hair" title="Body hair">body hair</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breastfeeding_infant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Breastfeeding_infant.jpg/250px-Breastfeeding_infant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Breastfeeding_infant.jpg/330px-Breastfeeding_infant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Breastfeeding_infant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>Infant <a href="/wiki/Latch_(breastfeeding)" title="Latch (breastfeeding)">latched on</a> to a nipple to <a href="/wiki/Breastfeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Breastfeed">breastfeed</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smoczek_od_butelki.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Smoczek_od_butelki.JPG/250px-Smoczek_od_butelki.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Smoczek_od_butelki.JPG/330px-Smoczek_od_butelki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Smoczek_od_butelki.JPG/500px-Smoczek_od_butelki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1749" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>Silicone teat or nipple, used for <a href="/wiki/Baby_bottle" title="Baby bottle">bottle feeding</a> </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">Breastfeeding</a></div> <p>The physiological purpose of nipples is to deliver <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, produced in the female <a href="/wiki/Mammary_gland" title="Mammary gland">mammary glands</a> during <a href="/wiki/Lactation" title="Lactation">lactation</a>, to an <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">infant</a>. During breastfeeding, nipple stimulation by an infant will stimulate the release of <a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">oxytocin</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a>. Oxytocin is a <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a> that increases during pregnancy and acts on the breast to help produce the <a href="/wiki/Milk_ejection_reflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk ejection reflex">milk-ejection reflex</a>. Oxytocin release from the nipple stimulation of the infant causes the uterus to contract even after childbirth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenry2016117_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenry2016117-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strong uterine contractions that are caused by the stimulation of the mother's nipples help the uterus contract to clamp down the uterine arteries. These contractions are necessary to prevent <a href="/wiki/Post-partum_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-partum hemorrhage">post-partum haemorrhage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Abedi2016_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abedi2016-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the infant suckles or stimulates the nipple, oxytocin levels rise and small muscles in the breast contract, moving the milk through the milk ducts. The result of nipple stimulation by the infant helps to move breast milk out through the ducts and to the nipple. This contraction of milk is called the "let-down reflex".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latching on refers to the infant fastening onto the nipple to breastfeed. A good attachment is when the bottom of the areola (the area around the nipple) is in the infant's mouth and the nipple is drawn back inside his or her mouth. A poor latch results in insufficient nipple stimulation to create the let down reflex. The nipple is poorly stimulated when the baby latches on too close to the tip of the nipple. This poor attachment can cause sore and <a href="/wiki/Cracked_nipple" title="Cracked nipple">cracked nipples</a> and a reluctance of the mother to continue to breastfeed.<sup id="cite_ref-whgov_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whgov-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whgov2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whgov2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After birth, the milk supply increases based upon the continuous and increasing stimulation of the nipple by the infant. If the baby increases nursing time at the nipple, the mammary glands respond to this stimulation by increasing milk production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pain">Pain</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nipple_tenderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipple tenderness">Nipple pain</a> can be a disincentive for breastfeeding.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sore nipples that progress to cracked nipples is of concern since many women cease <a href="/wiki/Nipple_pain_in_breastfeeding" title="Nipple pain in breastfeeding">breastfeeding due to the pain</a>. In some instances, an ulcer will form on the nipple.<sup id="cite_ref-Sant2016_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sant2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One reason for the development of cracked and sore nipples is the incorrect latching-on of the infant to the nipple. If a nipple appears to be wedge-shaped, white and flattened, this may indicate that the attachment of the infant is not good and there is a potential of developing cracked nipples.<sup id="cite_ref-nhs2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhs2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herpes infection of the nipple is painful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2011533_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2011533-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nipple pain can also be caused by excessive <a href="/wiki/Friction" title="Friction">friction</a> of clothing against the nipple that causes a <a href="/wiki/Fissure_of_the_nipple" title="Fissure of the nipple">fissure</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discharge">Discharge</h3></div> <p>Nipple discharge refers to any fluid that seeps out of the nipple of the breast. Discharge from the nipple does not occur in lactating women. And discharge in non-pregnant women or women who are not breastfeeding may not cause concern. Men that have discharge from their nipples are not typical. Discharge from the nipples of men or boys may indicate a problem. Discharge from the nipples can appear without squeezing or may only be noticeable if the nipples are squeezed. One nipple can have discharge while the other does not. The discharge can be clear, green, bloody, brown or straw-coloured. The consistency can be thick, thin, sticky or watery.<sup id="cite_ref-medline1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medline1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some cases of nipple discharge will clear on their own without treatment. Nipple discharge is most often not cancer (benign), but rarely, it can be a sign of breast cancer. It is important to determine what is causing the discharge and to get treatment. Reasons for nipple discharge include:<sup id="cite_ref-medline1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medline1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Pregnancy</li> <li>Recent breastfeeding</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fissure_of_the_nipple" title="Fissure of the nipple">Rubbing</a> on the area from a bra or T-shirt</li> <li>Injury to the breast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastitis" title="Mastitis">Infection</a></li> <li>Inflammation and <a href="/wiki/Blocked_milk_duct" title="Blocked milk duct">clogging</a> of the breast ducts</li> <li>Noncancerous <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pituitary tumor">pituitary tumors</a></li> <li>Small <a href="/wiki/Breast_mass" title="Breast mass">growth</a> in the breast (usually not cancer)</li> <li>Severe underactive thyroid gland (<a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrocystic_breast_changes" title="Fibrocystic breast changes">Fibrocystic breast</a> (normal lumpiness in the breast)</li> <li>Use of certain medicines</li> <li>Use of certain herbs, such as anise and fennel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_ectasia_of_breast" title="Duct ectasia of breast">Widening of the milk ducts</a><sup id="cite_ref-medline1_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medline1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Sometimes, babies can have nipple discharge. This is caused by hormones from the mother before birth. It usually goes away in two weeks. Cancers such as <a href="/wiki/Paget%27s_disease_of_the_breast" title="Paget's disease of the breast">Paget's disease</a> (a rare type of cancer involving the skin of the nipple) can also cause nipple discharge.<sup id="cite_ref-medline1_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medline1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nipple discharge that is not normal is bloody, comes from only one nipple, or comes out on its own without squeezing or touching the nipple. Nipple discharge is more likely to be normal if it comes out of both nipples or happens when the nipples are squeezed. Squeezing the nipple to check for discharge can make it worse. Leaving the nipple alone may make the discharge stop.<sup id="cite_ref-medline1_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medline1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nipple discharge in a male is usually of more concern. Most of the time a mammogram and an examination of the fluid is done. A biopsy is often performed. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy can be fast and least painful. A very thin, hollow needle and slight suction will be used to remove a small sample from under the nipple. Using a local anesthetic to numb the skin may not be necessary since a thin needle is used for the biopsy. Receiving an injection to prevent pain from the biopsy may be more painful than the biopsy itself.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some men develop a condition known as <a href="/wiki/Gynecomastia" title="Gynecomastia">gynecomastia</a>, in which the breast tissue under the nipple develops and grows. Discharge from the nipple can occur. The nipple may swell in some men possibly due to increased levels of estrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearance">Appearance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC0216_Burma_Chin_Village_near_Lemro_River_Pretty_little_girl_(7374973732).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/DSC0216_Burma_Chin_Village_near_Lemro_River_Pretty_little_girl_%287374973732%29.jpg/250px-DSC0216_Burma_Chin_Village_near_Lemro_River_Pretty_little_girl_%287374973732%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/DSC0216_Burma_Chin_Village_near_Lemro_River_Pretty_little_girl_%287374973732%29.jpg/330px-DSC0216_Burma_Chin_Village_near_Lemro_River_Pretty_little_girl_%287374973732%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/DSC0216_Burma_Chin_Village_near_Lemro_River_Pretty_little_girl_%287374973732%29.jpg/500px-DSC0216_Burma_Chin_Village_near_Lemro_River_Pretty_little_girl_%287374973732%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3469" data-file-height="2471" /></a><figcaption>Prior to <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a>, the nipples on girls are very similar to boys.</figcaption></figure> <p>Changes in appearance may be normal or related to disease. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_nipple" title="Inverted nipple">Inverted nipples</a> – This is normal if the nipples have always been indented inward and can easily point out when touched. If the nipples are pointing in and this is new, this is an unexpected change.</li> <li>Skin puckering of the nipple – This can be caused by scar tissue from surgery or an infection. Often, scar tissue forms for no reason. Most of the time this issue does not need treatment. This is an unexpected change. This change can be of concern since puckering or retraction of the nipple can indicate an underlying change in breast tissue that may be cancerous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen201083_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen201083-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The nipple is warm to the touch, red or painful – This can be an infection. It is rarely due to breast cancer.</li> <li>Scaly, flaking, or itchy nipple – This is most often due to <a href="/wiki/Dermatitis" title="Dermatitis">eczema</a> or a bacterial or fungal infection. This change is not expected. Flaking, scaly, or itchy nipples can be a sign of Paget's disease.</li> <li>Thickened skin with large pores – This is called <a href="/wiki/Peau_d%27orange" title="Peau d'orange">peau d'orange</a> because the skin looks like an orange peel. An infection in the breast or inflammatory breast cancer can cause this problem. This is not an expected change.</li> <li>Retracted nipples – The nipple was raised above the surface but changes, begins to pull inward, and does not come out when stimulated.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The average projection and size of human female nipples is slightly more than <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inch (9.5 mm).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breast_cancer">Breast cancer</h3></div> <p>Symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a> can often be seen first by changes of the nipple and areola, although not all women have the same symptoms, and some people do not have any signs or symptoms at all. A person may find out they have breast cancer after a routine <a href="/wiki/Mammogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammogram">mammogram</a>. Warning signs can include:<sup id="cite_ref-cdcbc_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdcbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cdc2bc_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdc2bc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>New lump in the nipple, or breast or armpit</li> <li>Thickening or swelling of part of the breast, areola, or nipple</li> <li>Irritation or dimpling of breast skin</li> <li>Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area or the breast</li> <li>Pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area</li> <li>Nipple discharge other than breast milk, including blood</li> <li>Any change in the size or the shape of the breast or nipple</li> <li>Pain in any area of the breast<sup id="cite_ref-cdcbc_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdcbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cdc2bc_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdc2bc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Changes in the nipple are not necessarily symptoms or signs of breast cancer. Other conditions of the nipple can mimic the signs and symptoms of breast cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-cdcbc_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdcbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vertical_transmission">Vertical transmission</h3></div> <p>Some infections are transmitted through the nipple, especially if irritation or injury to the nipple has occurred. In these circumstances, the nipple itself can become infected with <a href="/wiki/Candidiasis" title="Candidiasis">Candida</a> that is present in the mouth of the breastfeeding infant. The infant will transmit the infection to the mother. Most of the time, this infection is localized to the area of the nipple. In some cases, the infection can progress to become a full-blown case of <a href="/wiki/Mastitis" title="Mastitis">mastitis</a> or breast infection.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, if the mother has an infection with no nipple cracks or ulcerations, it is still safe to breastfeed the infant. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herpes_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes infection">Herpes infection</a> of the nipple can go unnoticed because the lesions are small but usually are quite painful. Herpes in the newborn is a serious and sometimes fatal infection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2011533_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2011533-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transmission of Hepatitis C and B to the infant can occur if the nipples are cracked.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other infections can be transmitted through a break of the skin of the nipple and can infect the infant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_disorders">Other disorders</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_bleb" title="Nipple bleb">Nipple bleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candida_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Candida infection">Candida infection</a> of the nipple</li> <li>Eczema of the nipple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_nipple" title="Inverted nipple">Inverted nipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus" title="Staphylococcus">Staphylococcus</a> infection of the nipple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edematous_areola" title="Edematous areola">Edematous areola</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2011524_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2011524-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes infection">Herpes infection</a> of the nipple</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reynaud_phenomenon_of_the_nipple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reynaud phenomenon of the nipple (page does not exist)">Reynaud phenomenon of the nipple</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2011533_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2011533-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flat_nipple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flat nipple (page does not exist)">Flat nipple</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2011530_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2011530-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surgery">Surgery</h3></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Nipple_delay" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipple delay">nipple-sparing/subcutaneous mastectomy</a> is a surgical procedure where breast tissue is removed, but the nipple and areola are preserved. This procedure was historically done only prophylactically or with mastectomy for the benign disease over the fear of increased cancer development in retained areolar ductal tissue. Recent series suggest that it may be an oncologically sound procedure for tumours not in the subareolar position.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12832974_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12832974-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17269590_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17269590-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17084333_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17084333-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duplessis%27s_semi-topless_portrait_of_the_Princess_of_Lamballe_dates_from_18th_Century_France.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Duplessis%27s_semi-topless_portrait_of_the_Princess_of_Lamballe_dates_from_18th_Century_France.png/200px-Duplessis%27s_semi-topless_portrait_of_the_Princess_of_Lamballe_dates_from_18th_Century_France.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Duplessis%27s_semi-topless_portrait_of_the_Princess_of_Lamballe_dates_from_18th_Century_France.png/300px-Duplessis%27s_semi-topless_portrait_of_the_Princess_of_Lamballe_dates_from_18th_Century_France.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Duplessis%27s_semi-topless_portrait_of_the_Princess_of_Lamballe_dates_from_18th_Century_France.png/400px-Duplessis%27s_semi-topless_portrait_of_the_Princess_of_Lamballe_dates_from_18th_Century_France.png 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duplessis" title="Joseph Duplessis">Duplessis</a>'s portrait of <a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Louise_of_Savoy,_Princesse_de_Lamballe" title="Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe">Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy</a> baring a nipple dates from 18th-century France.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarah_Goodridge_Beauty_Revealed_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sarah_Goodridge_Beauty_Revealed_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-Sarah_Goodridge_Beauty_Revealed_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sarah_Goodridge_Beauty_Revealed_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-Sarah_Goodridge_Beauty_Revealed_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sarah_Goodridge_Beauty_Revealed_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-Sarah_Goodridge_Beauty_Revealed_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4966" data-file-height="4234" /></a><figcaption><i>Beauty Revealed</i>, 1828 self-portrait by the American artist <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Goodridge" title="Sarah Goodridge">Sarah Goodridge</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exposure">Exposure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">Toplessness</a></div> <p>The cultural tendency to hide the female nipple under clothing has existed in Western culture since the 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dewar_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dewar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As female nipples are often perceived an <a href="/wiki/Intimate_part" title="Intimate part">intimate part</a>, covering them might have originated under <a href="/wiki/Victorian_morality" title="Victorian morality">Victorian morality</a> as with riding side saddle. Exposing the entire breast and nipple is a form of protest for some and a crime for others.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc1_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-citypaper_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypaper-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exposure of nipples is usually considered <a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">immodest</a> and in some instances is viewed as <a href="/wiki/Lewd" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewd">lewd</a> or <a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">indecent</a> behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A case in Erie, Pennsylvania, concerning the exposure of breasts and nipple proceeded to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SC_Erie_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SC_Erie-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Erie ordinance was regulating the nipple in public as an act that is committed when a person "knowingly or intentionally, ... appears in a state of nudity commits Public Indecency." Later in the statute, nudity is further described as an uncovered female nipple. But nipple exposure of a man was not regulated. An opinion column credited to <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Adams" title="Cecil Adams">Cecil Adams</a> noted: "Ponder the significance of that. A man walks around bare-chested and the worst that happens is he won't get served in restaurants. But a woman who goes topless is legally in the same boat as if she'd had sex in public. That may seem crazy, but in the US it's a permissible law."<sup id="cite_ref-citypaper_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypaper-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legality around the exposure of nipples is inconsistently regulated throughout the US. Some states do not allow the visualization of any part of the breast. Other jurisdictions prohibit any female chest anatomy by banning anatomical structures that lie below the top of the areola or nipple. Such is the case in West Virginia and Massachusetts. West Virginia's regulation is very specific and is not likely to be misinterpreted, stating: "[The] display of 'any portion of the cleavage of the human female breast exhibited by a dress, blouse, skirt, leotard, bathing suit, or other wearing apparel [is permitted] provided the areola is not exposed, in whole or in part.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-citypaper_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypaper-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Namibie_Himba_0716a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Namibie_Himba_0716a.jpg/220px-Namibie_Himba_0716a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Namibie_Himba_0716a.jpg/330px-Namibie_Himba_0716a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Namibie_Himba_0716a.jpg/440px-Namibie_Himba_0716a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Namibian" class="mw-redirect" title="Namibian">Namibian</a> woman going <a href="/wiki/Topless" class="mw-redirect" title="Topless">topless</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> social media site has a "no nipples" policy with exceptions: material that is not allowed includes "some photos of female nipples, but photos of post-<a href="/wiki/Mastectomy" title="Mastectomy">mastectomy</a> scarring and women actively breastfeeding are allowed. Nudity in photos of paintings and sculptures is OK, too".<sup id="cite_ref-Instagram_Help_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Instagram_Help-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, Instagram had removed images of nursing mothers. Instagram removed images of <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> and had her account cancelled in 2014 when she posted selfies with nipples. This was incentive for the Twitter campaign <a href="/wiki/Free_the_nipple" title="Free the nipple">#FreeTheNipple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (September 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2016, an Instagram page invited users to post images of nipples from both sexes; @genderless_nipples, which displays close ups of both the nipples of men and women for the purpose of spotlighting what may be inconsistency.<sup id="cite_ref-genderless_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genderless-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some contributors have circumvented the policy.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facebook has also been struggling to define its nipple policy.<sup id="cite_ref-genderless_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genderless-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Lina_Esco" title="Lina Esco">Lina Esco</a> made a film entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Free_the_Nipple_(film)" title="Free the Nipple (film)">Free the Nipple</a></i>, which is about "laws against female toplessness or restrictions on images of female, but not male, nipples", which Esco states is an example of <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a> in society.<sup id="cite_ref-beast_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beast-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></div> <p>Nipples can be sensitive to touch, and <a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">nipple stimulation</a> can incite <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">sexual arousal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harvey_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvey-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Few women report experiencing <a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">orgasm</a> from nipple stimulation.<sup id="cite_ref-Kinsey_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinsey-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boston_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before Komisaruk et al.'s <a href="/wiki/Functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Functional magnetic resonance imaging">functional magnetic resonance</a> (fMRI) research on nipple stimulation in 2011, reports of women achieving orgasm from nipple stimulation relied solely on <a href="/wiki/Anecdotal_evidence" title="Anecdotal evidence">anecdotal evidence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Komisaruk's study was the first to map the female genitals onto the sensory portion of the brain; it indicates that sensation from the nipples travels to the same part of the brain as sensations from the vagina, clitoris and cervix, and that these reported orgasms are genital orgasms caused by nipple stimulation, and may be directly linked to the genital sensory cortex ("the genital area of the brain").<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lehmiller_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lehmiller-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Komisaruk_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komisaruk-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piercings">Piercings</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nipple_piercing" title="Nipple piercing">Nipple piercing</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Nipple_piercing" title="Nipple piercing">Nipple piercing</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipple_piercing&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nipple_piercing_in_women_and_men.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Nipple_piercing_in_women_and_men.jpg/250px-Nipple_piercing_in_women_and_men.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Nipple_piercing_in_women_and_men.jpg/330px-Nipple_piercing_in_women_and_men.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Nipple_piercing_in_women_and_men.jpg/500px-Nipple_piercing_in_women_and_men.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1551" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/Nipple_piercing" title="Nipple piercing">nipple piercing</a> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Body_piercing" title="Body piercing">body piercing</a>, centered usually at the base of the nipple. It can be pierced at any angle but is usually done horizontally or, less often, vertically. It is also possible to place multiple piercings on top of one another.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_business">In business</h3></div> <p>Some companies and non-profit organisations have used the word <i>nipple</i> or images of nipples to draw attention to their product or cause.<sup id="cite_ref-beast_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beast-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast_milk" title="Breast milk">Breast milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleischer%27s_syndrome" title="Fleischer's syndrome">Fleischer's syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_prosthesis" title="Nipple prosthesis">Nipple prosthesis</a> for breast cancer survivors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasties" title="Pasties">Pasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy" title="Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy">Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernumerary_nipple" title="Supernumerary nipple">Supernumerary (third) nipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udder" title="Udder">Udder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_malfunction" title="Wardrobe malfunction">Wardrobe malfunction</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nipple">"nipple"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Is+Facebook+going+to+start+freeing+the+nipple%3F&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Ftech%2Fis-facebook-going-to-start-freeing-the-nipple%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beast-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beast_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beast_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShire2014" class="citation news cs1">Shire, Emily (9 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/09/09/women-it-s-time-to-reclaim-our-breasts.html">"Women, It's Time to Reclaim Our Breasts"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Women%2C+It%27s+Time+to+Reclaim+Our+Breasts&rft.date=2014-09-09&rft.aulast=Shire&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F09%2F09%2Fwomen-it-s-time-to-reclaim-our-breasts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harvey-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harvey_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarveyWenzelSprecher2004" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, John H.; Wenzel, Amy; Sprecher, Susan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qsl4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA427"><i>The Handbook of Sexuality in Close Relationships</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Psychology_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychology Press">Psychology Press</a>. p. 427. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135624705" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135624705"><bdi>978-1135624705</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Sexuality+in+Close+Relationships&rft.pages=427&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1135624705&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft.au=Wenzel%2C+Amy&rft.au=Sprecher%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqsl4AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinsey-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kinsey_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKinseyPomeroyMartinGebhard1998" class="citation book cs1">Kinsey, Alfred C.; Pomeroy, Wardell B.; Martin, Clyde E.; Gebhard, Paul H. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JHWHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA587"><i>Sexual Behavior in the Human Female</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. p. 587. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253019240" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253019240"><bdi>978-0253019240</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>. <q>There are some females who appear to find no erotic satisfaction in having their breasts manipulated; perhaps half of them derive some distinct satisfaction, but not more than a very small percentage ever respond intensely enough to reach orgasm as a result of such stimulation (Chapter 5). [...] Records of females reaching orgasm from breast stimulation alone are rare.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexual+Behavior+in+the+Human+Female&rft.pages=587&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0253019240&rft.aulast=Kinsey&rft.aufirst=Alfred+C.&rft.au=Pomeroy%2C+Wardell+B.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Clyde+E.&rft.au=Gebhard%2C+Paul+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJHWHCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boston-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boston_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoston_Women's_Health_Book_Collective1996" class="citation book cs1">Boston Women's Health Book Collective (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JFI4AQAAIAAJ"><i>The New Our Bodies, Ourselves: A Book by and for Women</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. 575. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684823522" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684823522"><bdi>978-0684823522</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>. <q>A few women can even experience orgasm from breast stimulation alone.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Our+Bodies%2C+Ourselves%3A+A+Book+by+and+for+Women&rft.pages=575&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0684823522&rft.au=Boston+Women%27s+Health+Book+Collective&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJFI4AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMerril_D._Smith2014" class="citation book cs1">Merril D. Smith (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qrCCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA71"><i>Cultural Encyclopedia of the Breast</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0759123328" title="Special:BookSources/978-0759123328"><bdi>978-0759123328</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Encyclopedia+of+the+Breast&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0759123328&rft.au=Merril+D.+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqrCCBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lehmiller-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lehmiller_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJustin_J._Lehmiller2013" class="citation book cs1">Justin J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Psychology+of+Human+Sexuality&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1118351321&rft.au=Justin+J.+Lehmiller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpQRgAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Komisaruk-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Komisaruk_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKomisarukWiseFrangosLiu2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Komisaruk" title="Barry Komisaruk">Komisaruk, B. R.</a>; Wise, N.; Frangos, E.; Liu, W.-C.; Allen, K; Brody, S. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3186818">"Women's Clitoris, Vagina, and Cervix Mapped on the Sensory Cortex: fMRI Evidence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Sexual_Medicine" title="The Journal of Sexual Medicine">The Journal of Sexual Medicine</a></i>. <b>8</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">2822–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1743-6109.2011.02388.x">10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02388.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3186818">3186818</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21797981">21797981</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Sexual+Medicine&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Clitoris%2C+Vagina%2C+and+Cervix+Mapped+on+the+Sensory+Cortex%3A+fMRI+Evidence&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2822-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3186818%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21797981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1743-6109.2011.02388.x&rft.aulast=Komisaruk&rft.aufirst=B.+R.&rft.au=Wise%2C+N.&rft.au=Frangos%2C+E.&rft.au=Liu%2C+W.-C.&rft.au=Allen%2C+K&rft.au=Brody%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3186818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephanie_Pappas2011" class="citation news cs1">Stephanie Pappas (August 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/surprise-finding-in-response-to-nipple-stimulation/">"Surprise finding in response to nipple stimulation"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Surprise+finding+in+response+to+nipple+stimulation&rft.date=2011-08-05&rft.au=Stephanie+Pappas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fsurprise-finding-in-response-to-nipple-stimulation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDisser2014" class="citation web cs1">Disser, Nicole (19 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bedfordandbowery.com/2014/08/this-new-bushwick-bar-is-the-most-literal-boobie-trap-weve-ever-seen/">"This New Bushwick Bar Is The Most Literal Boobie Trap We've Ever Seen"</a>. <i>Bedford and Bowery</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bedford+and+Bowery&rft.atitle=This+New+Bushwick+Bar+Is+The+Most+Literal+Boobie+Trap+We%27ve+Ever+Seen&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft.aulast=Disser&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbedfordandbowery.com%2F2014%2F08%2Fthis-new-bushwick-bar-is-the-most-literal-boobie-trap-weve-ever-seen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Michele (2014). <i>Fast facts for the antepartum and postpartum nurse: a nursing orientation and care guide in a nutshell</i>. 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Davis Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803637047" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803637047"><bdi>978-0803637047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maternal-newborn+nursing%3A+the+critical+components+of+nursing+care&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=F.A.+Davis+Company&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0803637047&rft.aulast=Durham&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHansen2010" class="citation book cs1">Hansen, John (2010). <i>Netter's clinical anatomy</i>. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781437702729" title="Special:BookSources/9781437702729"><bdi>9781437702729</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Netter%27s+clinical+anatomy&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Saunders%2FElsevier&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781437702729&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenry2016" class="citation book cs1">Henry, Norma (2016). <i>RN maternal newborn nursing: review module</i>. Stilwell, KS: Assessment Technologies Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781565335691" title="Special:BookSources/9781565335691"><bdi>9781565335691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RN+maternal+newborn+nursing%3A+review+module&rft.place=Stilwell%2C+KS&rft.pub=Assessment+Technologies+Institute&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781565335691&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Norma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrenceLawrence2015" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Ruth A.; Lawrence, Robert M. (13 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S6y6CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA227"><i>Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Professional</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. <span class="nowrap">227–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-39420-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-39420-8"><bdi>978-0-323-39420-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breastfeeding%3A+A+Guide+for+the+Medical+Professional&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E227-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2015-10-13&rft.isbn=978-0-323-39420-8&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Ruth+A.&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+Robert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS6y6CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2011" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Marsha (2011). <i>Breastfeeding management for the clinician: using the evidence</i>. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780763766511" title="Special:BookSources/9780763766511"><bdi>9780763766511</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breastfeeding+management+for+the+clinician%3A+using+the+evidence&rft.place=Sudbury%2C+Mass&rft.pub=Jones+and+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780763766511&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Marsha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANipple" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areola" title="Areola">Areola</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areolar_gland" title="Areolar gland">Areolar gland (gland of Montgomery)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper%27s_ligaments" title="Cooper's ligaments">Cooper's ligaments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tail_of_Spence" title="Tail of Spence">Tail of Spence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_gland" title="Mammary gland">Mammary gland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lactiferous_duct" title="Lactiferous duct">Lactiferous duct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_end_bud" title="Terminal end bud">Terminal end bud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_alveolus" title="Mammary alveolus">Mammary alveolus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inframammary_fold" title="Inframammary fold">Inframammary fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermammary_cleft" title="Intermammary cleft">Intermammary cleft</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retromammary_space" title="Retromammary space">Retromammary space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dense_breast_tissue" title="Dense breast tissue">Dense breast tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_ridge" title="Mammary ridge">Mammary ridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Breast_disease88" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disorders_of_the_breast" title="Template:Disorders of the breast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disorders_of_the_breast" title="Template talk:Disorders of the breast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disorders_of_the_breast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disorders of the breast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Breast_disease88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Breast_disease" title="Breast disease">Breast disease</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inflammation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mastitis" title="Mastitis">Mastitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonpuerperal_mastitis" title="Nonpuerperal mastitis">Nonpuerperal mastitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granulomatous_mastitis" title="Granulomatous mastitis">Granulomatous mastitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subareolar_abscess" title="Subareolar abscess">Subareolar abscess</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physiological changes<br />and conditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adipomastia" title="Adipomastia">Adipomastia (lipomastia, pseudogynecomastia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amastia" title="Amastia">Amastia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisomastia" title="Anisomastia">Anisomastia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_atrophy" title="Breast atrophy">Breast atrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_engorgement" title="Breast engorgement">Breast engorgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_hypertrophy" title="Breast hypertrophy">Breast hypertrophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duct_ectasia_of_breast" title="Duct ectasia of breast">Duct ectasia of breast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrocystic_breast_changes" title="Fibrocystic breast changes">Chronic cystic mastitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dense_breast_tissue" title="Dense breast tissue">Dense breast tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynecomastia" title="Gynecomastia">Gynecomastia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoplasia" title="Mammoplasia">Mammoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromastia" title="Micromastia">Micromastia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nipple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cracked_nipple" title="Cracked nipple">Cracked nipples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_nipple" title="Inverted nipple">Inverted nipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_discharge" title="Nipple discharge">Nipple discharge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galactorrhea" title="Galactorrhea">Galactorrhea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_pigmentation" title="Nipple pigmentation">Nipple pigmentation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Masses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast_cyst" title="Breast cyst">Breast cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_hematoma" title="Breast hematoma">Breast hematoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_lump" class="mw-redirect" title="Breast lump">Breast lump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactocele" title="Galactocele">Galactocele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoangiomatous_stromal_hyperplasia" title="Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia">Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazia" title="Amazia">Amazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_necrosis" title="Fat necrosis">Fat necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_pain" title="Breast pain">Pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptosis_(breasts)" title="Ptosis (breasts)">Ptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_tension" title="Breast tension">Tension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outline_of_human_sexuality686" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex" title="Template:Sex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex" title="Template talk:Sex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outline_of_human_sexuality686" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_sexuality" title="Outline of human sexuality">Outline</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">human sexuality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erogenous_zone" title="Erogenous zone">Erogenous zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">Libido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_emission" title="Nocturnal emission">Nocturnal emission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">male ejaculation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_thrust" title="Pelvic thrust">Pelvic thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ejaculate" title="Pre-ejaculate">Pre-ejaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle" title="Human sexual response cycle">Sexual response cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_stimulation" title="Sexual stimulation">Sexual stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Health</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_and_Johnson" title="Masters and Johnson">Masters and Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_sexuality" title="Obesity and sexuality">Obesity and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_therapy" title="Sex therapy">Sex therapy</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLISSIT_model" title="PLISSIT model">PLISSIT model</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder" title="Hypoactive sexual desire disorder">Hyposexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">diversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission of HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">Sexual misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge pornography">Revenge pornography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Relationships</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchism and love/sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm_gap" title="Orgasm gap">Orgasm gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">Premarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_by_country" title="Category:Sexuality by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareback_(sexual_act)" title="Bareback (sexual act)">Bareback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creampie_(sexual_act)" title="Creampie (sexual act)">Creampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_sexual_denial" title="Erotic sexual denial">Erotic sexual denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_(sexual_act)" title="Facial (sexual act)">Facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisting" title="Fisting">Fisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footjob" title="Footjob">Footjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_orgasm" title="Forced orgasm">Forced orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frot" title="Frot">Frot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_intercourse" title="Mammary intercourse">Mammary intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex#Manual_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Manual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)#Anus" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Anal fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handjob" title="Handjob">Handjob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Non-penetrative sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">Oral sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/69_(sex_position)" title="69 (sex position)">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anilingus" title="Anilingus">Anilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus" title="Cunnilingus">Cunnilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">Fellatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrumatio" title="Irrumatio">Irrumatio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">Paraphilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompoir" title="Pompoir">Pompoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickie_(sex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickie (sex)">Quickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexercise" title="Sexercise">Sexercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_position" title="Sex position">Sex positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Sexual fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Sexual fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_penetration" title="Sexual penetration">Sexual penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumata">Sumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribadism" title="Tribadism">Tribadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_intercourse" title="Urethral intercourse">Urethral intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urolagnia" title="Urolagnia">Urolagnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_sex" title="Virtual sex">Virtual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex" title="Cybersex">Cybersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_talk" title="Erotic talk">Erotic talk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest" title="Wet T-shirt contest">Wet T-shirt contest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_nudity_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and nudity in video games">Adult video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Film actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">Red-light district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sex_museums" title="List of sex museums">Sex museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">Sex shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">Sex tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_tourism" title="Child sex tourism">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_sex_tourism" title="Female sex tourism">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_worker" title="Sex worker">Sex worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_toy" title="Sex toy">Sex toy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_doll" title="Sex doll">Doll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">Strip club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam_model" title="Webcam model">Webcam model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and<br />sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" title="Buddhism and sexuality">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and sexuality">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Tantric sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_sexual_orientation" title="Christianity and sexual orientation">Christianity and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Christian_demonology" title="Sexuality in Christian demonology">Christian demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Buddhist monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Hindu monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_monasticism" title="Jain monasticism">Jain monasticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_sexual_practices" title="Taoist sexual practices">Daoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_sexuality" title="Judaism and sexuality">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBTQ_people" title="Religion 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title="Human back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nipple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">Pelvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Genitalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">Penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">Scrotum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">Vulva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">Limbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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