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title="Kassandane – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kassandane" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Κασσανδάνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κασσανδάνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassandane" title="Cassandane – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cassandane" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کاساندان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاساندان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassandane" title="Cassandane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cassandane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasandana" title="Kasandana – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kasandana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassandana" title="Kassandana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kassandana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassadane" title="Cassadane – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cassadane" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassandane" title="Kassandane – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kassandane" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassandana" title="Cassandana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cassandana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кассандана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кассандана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasandana" title="Kasandana – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kasandana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Касандана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Касандана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasandana" title="Kasandana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kasandana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q442401#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Cassandane</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_from_page_480_of_%22Persia_past_and_present.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Image_from_page_480_of_%22Persia_past_and_present.jpg/220px-Image_from_page_480_of_%22Persia_past_and_present.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Image_from_page_480_of_%22Persia_past_and_present.jpg/330px-Image_from_page_480_of_%22Persia_past_and_present.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Image_from_page_480_of_%22Persia_past_and_present.jpg/440px-Image_from_page_480_of_%22Persia_past_and_present.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="726" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">An old image of a possible tomb of Cassandane in <a href="/wiki/Pasargad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasargad">Pasargad Archaeological Site</a> Suleiman Prison (Pasargad) 1906 image taken from the book Persia past and present by AV Williams Jackson (1906)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">Queen consort</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">559–538 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">559 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">538 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Pasargad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasargad">Pasargad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Artystone" title="Artystone">Artystone</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a><br />Roxane</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnaspes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharnaspes (page does not exist)">Pharnaspes</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cassandane</b> or <b>Cassandana</b> (died 538 BC) was an <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">queen</a> and the wife of king <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>, the mother of <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a> and the grandmother of <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassandane-EI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassandane-EI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was a daughter of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnaspes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharnaspes (page does not exist)">Pharnaspes</a>. She had four children with Cyrus: <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a>, who succeeded his father and conquered Egypt; Smerdis (<a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a>), who also reigned as the king of Persia for a short time; a daughter named <a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a>, who later wed <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius the Great</a>; and another daughter named Roxana.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassandane-EI_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassandane-EI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her daughter Atossa later played an important role in the Achaemenid royal family, as she married Darius the Great and bore him the next Achaemenid king, <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atossa-EI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atossa-EI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Cassandane died, all the nations of Cyrus' Persian empire observed "a great mourning". This is reported by Herodotus. According to the <a href="/wiki/Nabonidus_Chronicle" title="Nabonidus Chronicle">Nabonidus Chronicle</a>, there was a public mourning after her death in Babylonia lasting for six days. Cassandane reportedly stated that it was more bitter to leave Cyrus's side than to die.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhrt2013106_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhrt2013106-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The six days of mourning are identified as 21–26 March 538 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrayson1975111_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrayson1975111-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a suggestion by M. Boyce, Cassandane's tomb is located at <a href="/wiki/Pasargadae" title="Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassandane-EI_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassandane-EI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassandane&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cassandane-EI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cassandane-EI_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cassandane-EI_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cassandane-EI_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDandamaev1992" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Dandamaev, M. A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cassandane-wife-of-cyrus-ii-q">"Cassandane"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>. Vol. 5. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-933273-67-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-933273-67-3"><bdi>0-933273-67-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cassandane&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Iranica+Foundation&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-933273-67-3&rft.aulast=Dandamaev&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fcassandane-wife-of-cyrus-ii-q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACassandane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atossa-EI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atossa-EI_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schmitt, Rüdiger (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/atossa-achaemenid-queen">"Atossa"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>. Vol. 3. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7100-9121-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7100-9121-4"><bdi>0-7100-9121-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atossa&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Iranica+Foundation&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-7100-9121-4&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fatossa-achaemenid-queen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACassandane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_G._KohlRonald_G._WittElizabeth_B._Welles1978" class="citation book cs1">Benjamin G. Kohl; Ronald G. Witt; Elizabeth B. Welles (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EQfpAAAAIAAJ&q=Cyrus's+love+for+Cassandane&pg=PA198"><i>The Earthly republic: Italian humanists on government and society</i></a>. Manchester University Press ND. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-0734-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-0734-7"><bdi>978-0-7190-0734-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earthly+republic%3A+Italian+humanists+on+government+and+society&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press+ND&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-0734-7&rft.au=Benjamin+G.+Kohl&rft.au=Ronald+G.+Witt&rft.au=Elizabeth+B.+Welles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEQfpAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DCyrus%27s%2Blove%2Bfor%2BCassandane%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACassandane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhrt2013106-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhrt2013106_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhrt2013">Kuhrt 2013</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrayson1975111-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrayson1975111_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrayson1975">Grayson 1975</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassandane&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhrt2013" class="citation book cs1">Kuhrt, Amélie (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bb7eH1LHRcAC&pg=PA177"><i>The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-01694-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-01694-3"><bdi>978-1-136-01694-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Empire%3A+A+Corpus+of+Sources+from+the+Achaemenid+Period&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-01694-3&rft.aulast=Kuhrt&rft.aufirst=Am%C3%A9lie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbb7eH1LHRcAC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACassandane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrayson1975" class="citation cs2">Grayson (1975), <i>Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assyrian+and+Babylonian+Chronicles&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Grayson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACassandane" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Template:Cyrus the Great"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Template talk:Cyrus the Great"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrus the Great"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyrus_the_Great" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><div><a href="/wiki/Teispids" title="Teispids">Teispids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_I" title="Cambyses I">Cambyses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandane_of_Media" title="Mandane of Media">Mandane of Media</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cassandane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amytis_of_Media" title="Amytis of Media">Amytis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artystone" title="Artystone">Artystone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cyrus the Great"><img alt="Cyrus the Great" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png/65px-Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png/98px-Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png/130px-Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="886" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Revolt">Persian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hyrba" title="Battle of Hyrba">Hyrba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Persian_Border" title="Battle of the Persian Border">Persian Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pasargadae" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pteria" title="Battle of Pteria">Pteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thymbra" title="Battle of Thymbra">Thymbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sardis_(547_BC)" title="Siege of Sardis (547 BC)">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Opis" title="Battle of Opis">Opis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus" title="Cyrus">"Cyrus" (name)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasargadae" title="Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Cylinder" title="Cyrus Cylinder">Cyrus Cylinder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyropaedia" title="Cyropaedia">Cyropaedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Cyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Cyrus">Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Bible" title="Cyrus the Great in the Bible">Cyrus in the Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Cyrus" title="Edict of Cyrus">Edict of Cyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus the Great in the Quran">Cyrus in the Quran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Qarnayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Qarnayn">Dhul-Qarnayn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bahman" title="Kay Bahman">Kay Bahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_Day" title="Cyrus the Great Day">Cyrus the Great Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Jafari_Jozani" title="Masoud Jafari Jozani"><i>Cyrus the Great</i> (screenplay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciro_riconosciuto" title="Ciro riconosciuto">Ciro riconosciuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyropolis" title="Cyropolis">Cyropolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Category:Cyrus the Great">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Iran" 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