CINXE.COM

ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ - ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="arc" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ - ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )arcwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ܒܟܢܘܢ ܐܚܪܝ","ܒܫܒܛ","ܒܐܕܪ","ܒܢܝܣܢ","ܒܐܝܪ","ܒܚܙܝܪܢ","ܒܬܡܘܙ","ܒܐܒ","ܒܐܝܠܘܠ","ܒܬܫܪܝܢ ܩܕܡ","ܒܬܫܪܝܢ ܐܚܪܝ","ܒܟܢܘܢ ܩܕܡ"],"wgRequestId":"eb0a3b11-3033-46da-8f37-bc2dcb22e5a8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ","wgTitle":"ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ","wgCurRevisionId":69318,"wgRevisionId":69318,"wgArticleId":6931,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"arc","wgPageContentLanguage":"arc","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ","wgRelevantArticleId":6931,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault": true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"arc","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"arc"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":700,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4997598","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user": "ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=arc&amp;modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=arc&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=arc&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ - ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//arc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ܫܚܠܦ" href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ (arc)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//arc.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.arc"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ ܛܥܝܡܘܬܐ ܕܐܛܘܡ" href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A0%DC%A6%CC%88%DC%90_%DC%9A%DC%95%CC%88%DC%AC%DC%90&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ܬܪܥܐ_ܐܘܪܘܦܐ rootpage-ܬܪܥܐ_ܐܘܪܘܦܐ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ܐܠܦܪܘܬܐ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܘܩܬܐ ܕܦܐܬܐ ܪܝܫܝܬܐ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ܦܐܬܐ ܪܝܫܝܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%9F%DC%A2%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܚܕܪ ܬܪܡܝܬܐ، ܡܢܐ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܬ ܠܥܒܕܐ، ܐܝܟܐ ܬܚܙܝ ܟܠ ܡܐ ܕܣܢܝܩ ܐܢܬ ܠܗ"><span>ܬܪܥܐ ܕܟܢܫܐ</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%93%DC%95%CC%88%DC%AB%DC%90_%DC%97%DC%AB%DC%9D%CC%88%DC%90" title="Find background information on current events"><span>ܓܕ̈ܫܐ ܗܫܝ̈ܐ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A0%DC%A6%CC%88%DC%90_%DC%9A%DC%95%CC%88%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ ܒܫܘܚܠܦ̈ܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܐ ܒܓܘ ܘܝܩܝ. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ܫܘܚܠܦ̈ܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AC%CC%88%DC%90_%DC%9A%DC%95%CC%88%DC%AC%DC%AC%DC%90"><span>ܦܐܬܬ̈ܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:Random" title="ܐܛܥܢ ܡܓܠܬܐ ܚܕ ܚܘܝܚܬܐ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ܡܓܠܬܐ ܚܘܝܚܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="ܕܘܟܐ ܠܥܘܕܪܢܐ"><span>ܥܘܕܪܢܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-arc.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-arc.svg" width="110" height="11" style="width: 6.875em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%92%DC%A8%DC%9D%DC%90" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ܒܨܝ ܒܓܘ ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ܒܨܝܐ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ܒܨܝ" aria-label="ܒܨܝ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ܒܨܝ ܒܓܘ ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ܕܝܠܢܝܐ:ܒܨܝܐ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ܒܨܝ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ܡܐܢ̈ܐ ܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܝܐ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_arc.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=arc" class=""><span>ܕܒܘܚ ܠܢ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%9D_%DC%9A%DC%98%DC%AB%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%90&amp;returnto=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90%3A%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>ܒܪܝ ܚܘܫܒܢܐ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A5%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%A6%DC%A0%DC%9A%DC%A2%DC%90&amp;returnto=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90%3A%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90" title="ܢܠܒܒ ܠܟ ܕܣܓܠ ܐܢܬ ܥܠܠܐ ܕܝܠܟ، ܐܠܐ ܗܢܐ ܠܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܝ ܐܠܨܝܐ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ܥܘܠ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ܡܐܢ̈ܐ ܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܝܐ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ܡܐܢ̈ܐ ܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܝܐ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_arc.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=arc"><span>ܕܒܘܚ ܠܢ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%9D_%DC%9A%DC%98%DC%AB%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%90&amp;returnto=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90%3A%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ܒܪܝ ܚܘܫܒܢܐ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A5%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%A6%DC%A0%DC%9A%DC%A2%DC%90&amp;returnto=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90%3A%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90" title="ܢܠܒܒ ܠܟ ܕܣܓܠ ܐܢܬ ܥܠܠܐ ܕܝܠܟ، ܐܠܐ ܗܢܐ ܠܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܝ ܐܠܨܝܐ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ܥܘܠ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%98%DC%95%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%90:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%A6%DC%98%CC%88%DC%AC%DC%9D" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%9D" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ܡܡܠܠܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Europa" title="Portaal:Europa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Portaal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="بوابة:أوروبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:أوروبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Avropa" title="Portal:Avropa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portal:Avropa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Партал:Эўропа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Партал:Эўропа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="دەروازە:ئەورووپا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:ئەورووپا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Evropa" title="Portál:Evropa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Evropa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Ewropa" title="Portal:Ewropa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Portal:Ewropa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Πύλη:Ευρώπη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πύλη:Ευρώπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Portal:Europe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portalo:E%C5%ADropo" title="Portalo:Eŭropo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portalo:Eŭropo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="درگاه:اروپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:اروپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teemasivu:Eurooppa" title="Teemasivu:Eurooppa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teemasivu:Eurooppa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Europe" title="Portail:Europe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Europe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Evropa" title="Portal:Evropa – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Portal:Evropa" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Portal:歐洲 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="Portal:歐洲" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%E1%BA%BDndusu:Eur%C3%B3pa" title="Okẽndusu:Európa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Okẽndusu:Európa" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="פורטל:אירופה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטל:אירופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="प्रवेशद्वार:यूरोप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:यूरोप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC:%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1" title="Պորտալ:Եվրոպա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտալ:Եվրոպա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Eropa" title="Portal:Eropa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Europa" title="Portale:Europa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Europa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91" title="Portal:ヨーロッパ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:ヨーロッパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapura:%C3%89ropah" title="Gapura:Éropah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gapura:Éropah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="პორტალი:ევროპა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტალი:ევროპა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Еуропа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Портал:Еуропа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikisritis:Europa" title="Vikisritis:Europa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikisritis:Europa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="കവാടം:യൂറോപ്പ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കവാടം:യൂറോപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Eropah" title="Portal:Eropah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Eropah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D:%E1%80%A5%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95" title="မုခ်ဝ:ဥရောပ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မုခ်ဝ:ဥရောပ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Europa" title="Portaal:Europa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portaal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tema:Europa" title="Tema:Europa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tema:Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA" title="ද්වාරය:යුරෝපය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:යුරෝපය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Yurub" title="Portal:Yurub – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Portal:Yurub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Evropa" title="Portal:Evropa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Portal:Evropa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lango:Ulaya" title="Lango:Ulaya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lango:Ulaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B" title="สถานีย่อย:ทวีปยุโรป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีย่อย:ทวีปยุโรป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Avrupa" title="Portal:Avrupa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portal:Avrupa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Portal:Europe" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Європа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Європа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="باب:یورپ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باب:یورپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porta%C5%82e:Eoropa" title="Portałe:Eoropa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Portałe:Eoropa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin:Ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Cổng thông tin:Châu Âu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổng thông tin:Châu Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Portal:歐洲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Portal:歐洲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4997598#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">ܫܚܠܦ ܐܣܘܪ̈ܐ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ܚܩܠܬ̈ܐ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90" title="ܚܘܝ ܦܐܬܐ ܕܚܒ̈ܝܫܬܐ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ܦܐܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90:%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ܡܡܠܠܐ ܥܠ ܚܒܝܫܬܐ ܕܦܐܬܐ (ܦܐܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܝܬ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ܡܡܠܠܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ܐܪܡܝܐ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ܚܙܝܬ̈ܐ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90"><span>ܩܪܝ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ܫܚܠܦ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ܚܙܝ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ܡܐܢ̈ܐ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ܡܐܢ̈ܐ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90"><span>ܩܪܝ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ܫܚܠܦ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;action=history"><span>ܚܙܝ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%AA_%DC%A0%DC%97%DC%AA%DC%9F%DC%90/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ܡܐ ܐܣܪ ܠܗܪܟܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:RecentChangesLinked/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ܫܘܚܠܦ̈ܐ ܕ̈ܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=arc" title="ܐܣܩ ܠܦܦ̈ܐ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ܐܣܩ ܠܦܦܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AC%CC%88%DC%90_%DC%95%CC%88%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ ܒܟܠ ܦܐܬܬ̈ܐ ܕ̈ܝܠܢܝܬܐ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ܦܐܬܬ̈ܐ ܕ̈ܝܠܢܝܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;oldid=69318" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>ܐܣܘܪܐ ܦܝܘܫܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ܝܕ̈ܥܬܐ ܥܠ ܦܐܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:CiteThisPage&amp;page=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90%3A%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;id=69318&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ܝܕ̈ܥܬܐ ܥܠ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܡܣܗܕ ܥܠ ܦܐܬܐ"><span>ܡܣܗܕ ܥܠ ܗܕܐ ܦܐܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Farc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DC%25AC%25DC%25AA%25DC%25A5%25DC%2590%3A%25DC%2590%25DC%2598%25DC%25AA%25DC%2598%25DC%25A6%25DC%2590"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Farc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DC%25AC%25DC%25AA%25DC%25A5%25DC%2590%3A%25DC%2590%25DC%2598%25DC%25AA%25DC%2598%25DC%25A6%25DC%2590"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ܛܒܘܥ/ܐܦܩ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:Book&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90%3A%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90"><span>ܒܪܝ ܟܬܒܐ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90%3A%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>ܐܚܬ ܐܝܟ PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ܨܚܚܐ ܡܬܛܒܥܢܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4997598" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ܡܠܘܐܐ ܕܝܕ̈ܥܬܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ܡܢ ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ، ܐܝܢܣܩܠܘܦܕܝܐ ܚܐܪܬܐ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="arc" dir="rtl"><div style="-moz-border-radius-topleft:20px; -moz-border-radius-topright:20px; display:block; border:1px solid #000; vertical-align:center; width:100%; background-color:#79BAEC; margin-bottom:7px; margin-top:5px; padding-bottom:5px;"> <div style="-moz-border-radius-topleft:19px; -moz-border-radius-topright:19px; background-color:#000000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white; margin-bottom:5px; padding:7px 10px 3px 3px;"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%A6%DC%A6%DC%90:European_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/European_languages.svg/70px-European_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/European_languages.svg/105px-European_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/European_languages.svg/140px-European_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <span style="font-size:150%;">ܐܘܪܘܦܐ</span></div> <div style="padding-left:4px;padding-right:4px;vertical-align:top;"> <table width="95%" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="clear:both; margin:0 margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:.2em; background-color:transparent; text-align: center; font-size: 130%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%AA%DC%95%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܡܪܕܘܬܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/40px-P_culture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/60px-P_culture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/80px-P_culture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%A5%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܡܕܥܢܘܬܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg/80px-Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90_%DC%93%DC%98%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܡܦܐܬܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ ܓܘܓܪܦܝܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/40px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/60px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/80px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90_%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%A5%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܡܦܐܬܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Noia_64_apps_kworldclock.png/40px-Noia_64_apps_kworldclock.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Noia_64_apps_kworldclock.png/60px-Noia_64_apps_kworldclock.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Noia_64_apps_kworldclock.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܡܢܝܘܬܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg/80px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%9D%DC%95%DC%A5%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܝܕܥܝܬܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/80px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%9F%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܟܢܝܫܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg/40px-Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg/60px-Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg/80px-Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%AC%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܬܩܢܝܘܬܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nuvola_apps_display.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_display.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nuvola_apps_display.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_display.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nuvola_apps_display.svg/80px-Nuvola_apps_display.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܬܪܥܐ:ܦܝܠܣܘܦܘܬܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Socrates_blue_version2.png/40px-Socrates_blue_version2.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Socrates_blue_version2.png/60px-Socrates_blue_version2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Socrates_blue_version2.png/80px-Socrates_blue_version2.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="9%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90_%DC%AC%DC%98%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܡܦܐܬܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ ܬܘܕܝܬܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/40px-Religious_syms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/60px-Religious_syms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/80px-Religious_syms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></center> </td> <td width="10%"><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90" title="ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ:ܡܦܐܬܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/40px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/60px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/80px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%AA%DC%95%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܡܪܕܘܬܐ (ܦܐܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܝܬ)">ܡܪܕܘܬܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%A5%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܡܕܥܢܘܬܐ">ܡܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܘܬܘܪܓܡܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%93%DC%98%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܓܘܓܪܦܝܐ">ܓܘܓܪܦܝܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%A5%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܬܫܥܝܬܐ">ܬܫܥܝܬܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܡܢܝܘܬܐ">ܡܢܝܘܬܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%9D%DC%95%DC%A5%DC%AC%DC%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܝܕܥܬܐ (ܦܐܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܝܬ)">ܝܕܥܬܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%9F%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%AB%DC%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܟܢܝܫܐ (ܦܐܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܝܬ)">ܟܢܝܫܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%AC%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܬܩܢܝܘܬܐ">ܬܩܢܝܘܬܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܦܝܠܣܘܦܘܬܐ (ܦܐܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܝܬ)">ܦܝܠܣܘܦܘܬܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%AC%DC%98%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܬܘܕܝܬܐ">ܬܘܕܝܬܐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ:ܡܦܐܬܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ (ܦܐܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܝܬ)">ܡܦܐܬܐ ܕܬܪܥܐ</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div style="float:left; width:100%"></div></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5476bd94cd‐fhbxp Cached time: 20241111085738 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.022 seconds Real time usage: 0.039 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 8/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1881/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 3.664 1 ܩܠܒܐ:ܡܦܐܬܐ_ܕܬܪܥܐ 100.00% 3.664 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key arcwiki:pcache:idhash:6931-0!canonical and timestamp 20241111085738 and revision id 69318. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ&amp;oldid=69318">https://arc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ&amp;oldid=69318</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ܫܘܚܠܦܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ ܕܦܐܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܣܝܩܘܡ 1 ܒܟܢܘܢ ܩܕܡ 2011, 03:44.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ܓܘܫܡܐ ܕܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ ܐܝܬ ܬܚܝܬ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">ܦܣܣܘܬܐ ܕܡܬܟܝܢܢܘܬܐ ܕܬܘܩܢܐ ܓܘܢܝܐ܇ܫܘܬܦܘܬܐ-ܡܬܚܝܢܢܬܐ</a>. ܬܢܘ̈ܝ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ ܒܙܒܢ ܡܬܩܪܒܘ. ܚܙܝ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">ܬܢܘ̈ܝ ܕܡܬܚܫܚܢܘܬܐ</a> ܠܐܪ̈ܝܟܬܐ.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ܦܘܪܢܣܐ ܕܕܝܠܢܝܘܬܐ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%98">ܡܢܘ ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A0%DC%90_%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%AC%DC%90%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%93%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90">ܠܐ ܡܫܬܐܠܢܘܬܐ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ܡܛܘܪ̈ܢܐ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/arc.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//arc.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">ܓܠܚܐ ܒܙܥܘܩܐ ܟܘܪܝܐ (ܡܫܢܝܢܐ)</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7dxkw","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.022","walltime":"0.039","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1881,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3.664 1 ܩܠܒܐ:ܡܦܐܬܐ_ܕܬܪܥܐ","100.00% 3.664 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5476bd94cd-fhbxp","timestamp":"20241111085738","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u072c\u072a\u0725\u0710:\u0710\u0718\u072a\u0718\u0726\u0710","url":"https:\/\/arc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4997598","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4997598","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-12-01T03:26:01Z","dateModified":"2011-12-01T03:44:34Z"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10