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</button> <ul id="toc-Musical_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1952–1960:_Beginnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1952–1960:_Beginnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1952–1960: Beginnings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1952–1960:_Beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960–1966:_Columbia_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960–1966:_Columbia_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1960–1966: Columbia years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960–1966:_Columbia_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1966–1979:_Atlantic_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1966–1979:_Atlantic_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1966–1979: Atlantic years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1966–1979:_Atlantic_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980–2007:_Arista_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980–2007:_Arista_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1980–2007: Arista years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980–2007:_Arista_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007–2018:_Final_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007–2018:_Final_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 2007–2018: Final years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007–2018:_Final_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_style_and_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_style_and_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Music style and image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_style_and_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Activism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Death and funeral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy and honors </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy and honors subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Honorary degrees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Tributes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Portrayals in media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayals_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 General sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Aretha Franklin</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" > 98 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أريثا فرانكلين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أريثا فرانكلين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%A1_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Արեթա Ֆրանքլին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արեթա Ֆրանքլին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areta_Franklin" title="Areta Franklin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Areta Franklin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ارتا فرانکلین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ارتا فرانکلین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="আরিথা ফ্র্যাঙ্কলিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরিথা ফ্র্যাঙ্কলিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Арэта Франклін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арэта Франклін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Арэта Франклін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арэта Франклін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Арета Франклин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арета Франклин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Арета Франклин – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Арета Франклин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklinov%C3%A1" title="Aretha Franklinová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aretha Franklinová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Αρίθα Φράνκλιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρίθα Φράνκλιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آریتا فرانکلین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آریتا فرانکلین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A0%88%EC%82%AC_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0" title="아레사 프랭클린 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아레사 프랭클린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Արետա Ֆրանկլին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արետա Ֆրանկլին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אריתה פרנקלין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אריתה פרנקלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="არეთა ფრანკლინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არეთა ფრანკლინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areta_Frenklina" title="Areta Frenklina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Areta Frenklina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Арета Френклин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Арета Френклин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="അരിത ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അരിത ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="არეთა ფრანკლინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არეთა ფრანკლინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اريثا فرانكلين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اريثا فرانكلين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="आरेथा फ्र्यान्क्लिन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आरेथा फ्र्यान्क्लिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="アレサ・フランクリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレサ・フランクリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਅਰੇਥਾ ਫਰੈਂਕਲਿਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰੇਥਾ ਫਰੈਂਕਲਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86" title="اریتھا فرینکلن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اریتھا فرینکلن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Франклин, Арета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франклин, Арета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklinov%C3%A1" title="Aretha Franklinová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aretha Franklinová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Арета Френклин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арета Френклин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="อารีทา แฟรงคลิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อารีทา แฟรงคลิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Арета Франклін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арета Франклін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86" title="اریتھا فرینکلن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اریتھا فرینکلن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aretha Franklin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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– Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾瑞莎·弗蘭克林" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125121#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Aretha_Franklin" rel="discussion" 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navigation-not-searchable">"Aretha" and "Queen of Soul" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Aretha_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Aretha (disambiguation)">Aretha (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Soul_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Queen of Soul (disambiguation)">Queen of Soul (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Aretha Franklin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Aretha_Franklin_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Franklin, with a lacy white dress and perfectly coiffed hair, rests her chin on her index finger and poses, looking straight into the camera." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Aretha_Franklin_1968.jpg/220px-Aretha_Franklin_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Aretha_Franklin_1968.jpg/330px-Aretha_Franklin_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Aretha_Franklin_1968.jpg/440px-Aretha_Franklin_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="1200" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Franklin in 1968</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Aretha Louise Franklin</div> (1942-03-25)March 25, 1942 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 16, 2018(2018-08-16) (aged 76) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Detroit, Michigan, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Cemetery_(Detroit)" title="Woodlawn Cemetery (Detroit)">Woodlawn Cemetery</a>, Detroit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Singer</li> <li>songwriter</li> <li>pianist</li> <li>civil rights activist</li> <li>record producer</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1954–2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ted_White_(manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ted White (manager)">Ted White</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1961; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1969)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Glynn_Turman" title="Glynn Turman">Glynn Turman</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1978; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1984)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._L._Franklin" title="C. L. Franklin">C. L. Franklin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Siggers_Franklin" title="Barbara Siggers Franklin">Barbara Siggers Franklin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erma_Franklin" title="Erma Franklin">Erma Franklin</a> (sister)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Franklin" title="Carolyn Franklin">Carolyn Franklin</a> (sister)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Aretha_Franklin" title="List of awards and nominations received by Aretha Franklin">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Detroit, Michigan, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a><a href="#cite_note-Unterberger-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Vocals</li> <li>piano</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin_discography" title="Aretha Franklin discography">Aretha Franklin discography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Records_(record_label)" title="Battle Records (record label)">J.V.B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arethafranklin.net/">www.arethafranklin.net</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Aretha_Franklin_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Aretha_Franklin_signature.svg/150px-Aretha_Franklin_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Aretha_Franklin_signature.svg/225px-Aretha_Franklin_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Aretha_Franklin_signature.svg/300px-Aretha_Franklin_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="378" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Aretha Louise Franklin (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/əˈriːθə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">ə-REE-thə</a>; March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter and pianist.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Honored as the "<a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Queen of Soul</a>", she was twice named by <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> magazine as the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_200_Greatest_Singers_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 200 Greatest Singers of All Time">greatest singer of all time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100_Greatest_Singers-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> As a child, Franklin was noticed for her <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a> singing at <a href="/wiki/New_Bethel_Baptist_Church_(Detroit,_Michigan)" title="New Bethel Baptist Church (Detroit, Michigan)">New Bethel Baptist Church</a> in Detroit, Michigan, where her father <a href="/wiki/C._L._Franklin" title="C. L. Franklin">C. L. Franklin</a> was a minister. At the age of 18, she was signed as a recording artist for <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>. While her career did not immediately flourish, Franklin found acclaim and commercial success once she signed with <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a> in 1966. She recorded albums such as <a href="/wiki/I_Never_Loved_a_Man_the_Way_I_Love_You" title="I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You">I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You</a> (1967), <a href="/wiki/Lady_Soul" title="Lady Soul">Lady Soul</a> (1968), <a href="/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Dark" title="Spirit in the Dark">Spirit in the Dark</a> (1970), <a href="/wiki/Young,_Gifted_and_Black" title="Young, Gifted and Black">Young, Gifted and Black</a> (1972), <a href="/wiki/Amazing_Grace_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Amazing Grace (Aretha Franklin album)">Amazing Grace</a> (1972), and <a href="/wiki/Sparkle_(soundtrack)" title="Sparkle (soundtrack)">Sparkle</a> (1976), before experiencing problems with the record company. Franklin left Atlantic in 1979 and signed with <a href="/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista Records</a>. Her success continued with the albums <a href="/wiki/Jump_to_It" title="Jump to It">Jump to It</a> (1982), <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Zoomin%27_Who%3F" title="Who's Zoomin' Who?">Who's Zoomin' Who?</a> (1985), <a href="/wiki/Aretha_(1986_album)" title="Aretha (1986 album)">Aretha</a> (1986) and <a href="/wiki/A_Rose_Is_Still_a_Rose" title="A Rose Is Still a Rose">A Rose Is Still a Rose</a> (1998). Franklin is <a href="/wiki/List_of_best_selling_music_artists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of best selling music artists">one of the best-selling music artists</a>, with more than 75 million records sold worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> She charted 112 singles on the US <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> charts, including 73 <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Hot 100</a> entries, 17 top-ten pop singles, 96 <a href="/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs" title="Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs">R&B</a> entries<a href="#cite_note-arethaR&Bcharts-6">[6]</a> and 20 number-one R&B singles. Her best-known hits include "<a href="/wiki/I_Never_Loved_a_Man_(The_Way_I_Love_You)" title="I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)">I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)</a>" (1967), "<a href="/wiki/Respect_(song)#Aretha_Franklin_version" title="Respect (song)">Respect</a>" (1967), "<a href="/wiki/(You_Make_Me_Feel_Like)_A_Natural_Woman" title="(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman">(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman</a>" (1967), "<a href="/wiki/Chain_of_Fools" title="Chain of Fools">Chain of Fools</a>" (1967), "<a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_No_Way" title="Ain't No Way">Ain't No Way</a>" (1968), "<a href="/wiki/Think_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Think (Aretha Franklin song)">Think</a>" (1968), "<a href="/wiki/I_Say_a_Little_Prayer" title="I Say a Little Prayer">I Say a Little Prayer</a>" (1968), "<a href="/wiki/Call_Me_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Call Me (Aretha Franklin song)">Call Me</a>" (1970), "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Play_That_Song_(You_Lied)" title="Don't Play That Song (You Lied)">Don't Play That Song (You Lied)</a>" (1970), "<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Harlem_(song)" title="Spanish Harlem (song)">Spanish Harlem</a>" (1971), "<a href="/wiki/Rock_Steady_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Rock Steady (Aretha Franklin song)">Rock Steady</a>" (1971), "<a href="/wiki/Day_Dreaming_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Day Dreaming (Aretha Franklin song)">Day Dreaming</a>" (1972), "<a href="/wiki/Until_You_Come_Back_to_Me_(That%27s_What_I%27m_Gonna_Do)" title="Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)">Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)</a>" (1973), "<a href="/wiki/Something_He_Can_Feel" title="Something He Can Feel">Something He Can Feel</a>" (1976), "<a href="/wiki/Jump_to_It_(song)" title="Jump to It (song)">Jump to It</a>" (1982), "<a href="/wiki/Freeway_of_Love" title="Freeway of Love">Freeway of Love</a>" (1985), "<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Zoomin%27_Who" title="Who's Zoomin' Who">Who's Zoomin' Who</a>" (1985), "<a href="/wiki/I_Knew_You_Were_Waiting_(For_Me)" title="I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)">I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)</a>" (a duet with <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a>, 1987) and "<a href="/wiki/A_Rose_Is_Still_a_Rose_(song)" title="A Rose Is Still a Rose (song)">A Rose Is Still a Rose</a>" (1998). She also made a featured appearance in the 1980 musical-comedy film <a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers_(film)" title="The Blues Brothers (film)">The Blues Brothers</a>. Franklin received numerous honors throughout her career. She won 18 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> out of 44 nominations,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> including the first eight awards given for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_R%26B_Vocal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance">Best Female R&B Vocal Performance</a> (1968–1975), as well as a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Legend_Award" title="Grammy Legend Award">Grammy Living Legend Award</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Lifetime Achievement Award</a>. She was also awarded the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>. In 1987, she became the first female artist to be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>. Her other inductions include the <a href="/wiki/UK_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="UK Music Hall of Fame">UK Music Hall of Fame</a> in 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Gospel Music Hall of Fame">Gospel Music Hall of Fame</a> in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and posthumously the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a> in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> jury awarded her a posthumous <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">special citation</a> "for her indelible contribution to American music and culture for more than five decades". <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aretha_Franklin_birthplace_406_Lucy_Ave_Memphis_TN_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Aretha_Franklin_birthplace_406_Lucy_Ave_Memphis_TN_06.jpg/220px-Aretha_Franklin_birthplace_406_Lucy_Ave_Memphis_TN_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Aretha_Franklin_birthplace_406_Lucy_Ave_Memphis_TN_06.jpg/330px-Aretha_Franklin_birthplace_406_Lucy_Ave_Memphis_TN_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Aretha_Franklin_birthplace_406_Lucy_Ave_Memphis_TN_06.jpg/440px-Aretha_Franklin_birthplace_406_Lucy_Ave_Memphis_TN_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Franklin's birthplace, 406 Lucy Avenue, <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></figcaption></figure> Aretha Louise Franklin was born on March 25, 1942, to <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Siggers_Franklin" title="Barbara Siggers Franklin">Barbara (née Siggers)</a> and <a href="/wiki/C._L._Franklin" title="C. L. Franklin">Clarence LaVaughn "C. L." Franklin</a>. She was delivered at her family's home located at 406 Lucy Avenue, <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>. Her father was a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> minister and <a href="/wiki/Circuit_preacher" title="Circuit preacher">circuit preacher</a> originally from <a href="/wiki/Shelby,_Mississippi" title="Shelby, Mississippi">Shelby, Mississippi</a>, while her mother was an accomplished piano player and vocalist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego201011-12">[12]</a> Both Mr. and Mrs. Franklin had children from prior relationships in addition to the four children they had together. When Aretha was two, the family relocated to <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> By the time Aretha turned five, C. L. Franklin had permanently relocated the family to <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a> where he took over the pastorship of the <a href="/wiki/New_Bethel_Baptist_Church_(Detroit,_Michigan)" title="New Bethel Baptist Church (Detroit, Michigan)">New Bethel Baptist Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201423-14">[14]</a> The Franklins had a troubled marriage due to Mr. Franklin's infidelities, and they separated in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201423–24-15">[15]</a> At that time, Barbara Franklin returned to Buffalo with Aretha's half-brother, Vaughn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201424-16">[16]</a> After the separation, Aretha recalled seeing her mother in Buffalo during the summer, and Barbara Franklin frequently visited her children in Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAvoy200219–20-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201424-16">[16]</a> Aretha's mother died of a heart attack on March 7, 1952, before Aretha's 10th birthday.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner20147-18">[18]</a> Several women, including Aretha's grandmother, Rachel, and <a href="/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a>, took turns helping with the children at the Franklin home.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAvoy200222-19">[19]</a> During this time, Aretha learned how to play piano by ear.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAvoy200220–21-20">[20]</a> She also attended public school in Detroit, going through her first year at <a href="/wiki/Northern_High_School_(Detroit,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern High School (Detroit, Michigan)">Northern High School</a>, but dropping out during her second year.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Aretha's father's emotionally driven sermons resulted in his being known as the man with the "million-dollar voice". He earned thousands of dollars for sermons in various churches across the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobkin200648-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler2009248-23">[23]</a> His fame led to his home being visited by various celebrities. Among the visitors were gospel musicians <a href="/wiki/Clara_Ward" title="Clara Ward">Clara Ward</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Cleveland" title="James Cleveland">James Cleveland</a>, and early <a href="/wiki/The_Caravans" title="The Caravans">Caravans</a> members <a href="/wiki/Albertina_Walker" title="Albertina Walker">Albertina Walker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inez_Andrews" title="Inez Andrews">Inez Andrews</a>. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Wilson" title="Jackie Wilson">Jackie Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a> all became friends of C. L. Franklin, as well.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBracks2012365-25">[25]</a> Ward was romantically involved with Aretha's father from around 1949 until Ward's death in 1973, though Aretha "preferred to view them strictly as friends".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201435–36-26">[26]</a> Ward also served as a <a href="/wiki/Role_model" title="Role model">role model</a> to the young Aretha.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201440-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_career">Musical career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1952–1960:_Beginnings">1952–1960: Beginnings</h3></div> Just after her mother's death, Franklin began singing solos at <a href="/wiki/New_Bethel_Baptist_Church_(Detroit,_Michigan)" title="New Bethel Baptist Church (Detroit, Michigan)">New Bethel Baptist Church</a>, debuting with the hymn "Jesus, Be a Fence Around Me".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAvoy200222-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> When Franklin was 12, her father began <a href="/wiki/Career_management" title="Career management">managing</a> her; he would take her on the road with him, during his "gospel caravan" tours for her to perform in various churches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201447-30">[30]</a> He also helped her sign her first recording deal with <a href="/wiki/Battle_Records_(record_label)" title="Battle Records (record label)">J.V.B. Records</a>. Franklin was featured on vocals and piano.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1956, J.V.B. released Franklin's first single, "Never Grow Old", backed with "You Grow Closer". "Precious Lord (Part One)" backed with "Precious Lord (Part Two)" followed in 1959. These four tracks, with the addition of "There Is a Fountain Filled with Blood", were released on side one of the 1956 album, Spirituals. This was reissued by Battle Records in 1962, under the same title.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 1965, <a href="/wiki/Checker_Records" title="Checker Records">Checker Records</a> released <a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Faith_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Songs of Faith (Aretha Franklin album)">Songs of Faith</a>, featuring the five tracks from the 1956 Spirituals album, with the addition of four previously unreleased recordings. Aretha was only 14 when Songs of Faith was recorded.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-33">[33]</a> During this time, Franklin would occasionally travel with <a href="/wiki/The_Soul_Stirrers" title="The Soul Stirrers">the Soul Stirrers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner20148–9-34">[34]</a> As a young gospel singer, Franklin spent summers on the gospel circuit in Chicago and stayed with <a href="/wiki/Mavis_Staples" title="Mavis Staples">Mavis Staples</a>' family.<a href="#cite_note-Queen-35">[35]</a> According to music producer <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, while Franklin was still young, <a href="/wiki/Dinah_Washington" title="Dinah Washington">Dinah Washington</a> let him know that "Aretha was the 'next one'".<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Franklin and her father traveled to California, where she met singer <a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201469-37">[37]</a> At the age of 16, Franklin went on tour with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and she would ultimately sing at his funeral in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Other influences in her youth included <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a> (who was a boyfriend of her sister), as well as Ray Charles and Sam Cooke, "two of Franklin's greatest influences".<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Also important was <a href="/wiki/James_Cleveland" title="James Cleveland">James Cleveland</a>, known as the King of Gospel music, "who helped to focus her early career as a gospel singer"; Cleveland had been recruited by her father as a pianist for the Southern California Community Choir.<a href="#cite_note-Aretha_Franklin_obituary-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-RStone-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960–1966:_Columbia_years">1960–1966: Columbia years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Today_I_Sing_the_Blues_-_Billboard_ad_1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Today_I_Sing_the_Blues_-_Billboard_ad_1960.jpg/220px-Today_I_Sing_the_Blues_-_Billboard_ad_1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Today_I_Sing_the_Blues_-_Billboard_ad_1960.jpg/330px-Today_I_Sing_the_Blues_-_Billboard_ad_1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Today_I_Sing_the_Blues_-_Billboard_ad_1960.jpg/440px-Today_I_Sing_the_Blues_-_Billboard_ad_1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2078" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> ad for Franklin's debut single, "<a href="/wiki/Today_I_Sing_the_Blues" title="Today I Sing the Blues">Today I Sing the Blues</a>", November 21, 1960</figcaption></figure> After turning 18, Franklin confided to her father that she aspired to follow Sam Cooke in recording pop music, and moved to New York.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBracks2012365-25">[25]</a> Serving as her manager, C. L. Franklin agreed to the move and helped to produce a two-song demo that soon was brought to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>, who agreed to sign her in 1960, as a "five-percent artist".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''196488-42">[42]</a> During this period, Franklin would be coached by choreographer <a href="/wiki/Cholly_Atkins" title="Cholly Atkins">Cholly Atkins</a> to prepare for her pop performances. Before signing with Columbia, Sam Cooke tried to persuade Franklin's father to sign her with his label, <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a>, but she had already decided to go with Columbia.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Berry_Gordy" title="Berry Gordy">Berry Gordy</a> had also asked Franklin and her elder sister <a href="/wiki/Erma_Franklin" title="Erma Franklin">Erma</a> to sign with his <a href="/wiki/Motown_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Records">Tamla</a> label, but C.L. Franklin turned Gordy down, as he felt Tamla was not yet an established label.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Franklin's first Columbia single, "<a href="/wiki/Today_I_Sing_the_Blues" title="Today I Sing the Blues">Today I Sing the Blues</a>",<a href="#cite_note-pc52-44">[44]</a> was issued in September 1960 and later reached the top 10 of the <a href="/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs" title="Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs">Hot Rhythm & Blues Sellers</a> chart.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In January 1961, Columbia issued Franklin's first album, <a href="/wiki/Aretha:_With_The_Ray_Bryant_Combo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aretha: With The Ray Bryant Combo">Aretha: With The Ray Bryant Combo</a>. The album featured her first single to chart the Billboard Hot 100, "<a href="/wiki/Won%27t_Be_Long_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Won't Be Long (Aretha Franklin song)">Won't Be Long</a>", which also peaked at number 7 on the R&B chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201486–87-46">[46]</a> Mostly produced by <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Otis" title="Clyde Otis">Clyde Otis</a>, Franklin's Columbia recordings saw her performing in diverse genres, such as <a href="/wiki/Standard_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard (song)">standards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vocal_jazz" title="Vocal jazz">vocal jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>. Before the year was out, Franklin scored her first hit-single with her rendition of the standard "<a href="/wiki/Rock-a-Bye_Your_Baby_with_a_Dixie_Melody" title="Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody">Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody</a>".<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> By the end of 1961, Franklin was named as a "new-star female vocalist" in <a href="/wiki/DownBeat" title="DownBeat">DownBeat</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''196485-48">[48]</a> In 1962, Columbia issued two more albums, <a href="/wiki/The_Electrifying_Aretha_Franklin" title="The Electrifying Aretha Franklin">The Electrifying Aretha Franklin</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Tender,_the_Moving,_the_Swinging_Aretha_Franklin" title="The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin">The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> the latter of which reached number 69 on the Billboard chart.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In the 1960s, during a performance at the <a href="/wiki/Regal_Theater,_Chicago" title="Regal Theater, Chicago">Regal Theater</a> in Chicago, <a href="/wiki/WVON" title="WVON">WVON</a> radio personality <a href="/wiki/Pervis_Spann" title="Pervis Spann">Pervis Spann</a> announced that Franklin should be crowned "the Queen of Soul".<a href="#cite_note-wendy-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Queen-35">[35]</a> Spann ceremonially placed a crown on her head.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> By 1964, Franklin began recording more pop music, reaching the top 10 on the R&B chart with the ballad "Runnin' Out of Fools", in early 1965. She had two R&B charted singles in 1965 and 1966, with the songs "<a href="/wiki/One_Step_Ahead_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="One Step Ahead (Aretha Franklin song)">One Step Ahead</a>" and "Cry Like a Baby", while also reaching the <a href="/wiki/Hot_Adult_Contemporary_Tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks">Easy Listening</a> charts with the ballads "<a href="/wiki/You_Made_Me_Love_You_(I_Didn%27t_Want_to_Do_It)" title="You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)">You Made Me Love You</a>" and "(No, No) I'm Losing You". By the mid-1960s, Franklin was making $100,000 per year from countless performances in nightclubs and theaters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''196485-48">[48]</a> Also during that period, she appeared on rock-and-roll shows, such as <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_a_Go-Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood a Go-Go">Hollywood a Go-Go</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shindig!" title="Shindig!">Shindig!</a> However, she struggled with commercial success while at Columbia. Label executive <a href="/wiki/John_H._Hammond" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Hammond">John H. Hammond</a> later said he felt Columbia did not understand Franklin's early gospel background and failed to bring that aspect out further during her period there.<a href="#cite_note-pc52-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1966–1979:_Atlantic_years">1966–1979: Atlantic years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aretha_franklin_1960s_cropped_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aretha_franklin_1960s_cropped_retouched.jpg/180px-Aretha_franklin_1960s_cropped_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aretha_franklin_1960s_cropped_retouched.jpg/270px-Aretha_franklin_1960s_cropped_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aretha_franklin_1960s_cropped_retouched.jpg/360px-Aretha_franklin_1960s_cropped_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption>Franklin in 1967</figcaption></figure> In November 1966, Franklin's Columbia recording contract expired; at that time, she owed the company money because record sales had not met expectations.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Producer <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Wexler" title="Jerry Wexler">Jerry Wexler</a> convinced her to move to <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Wexler decided that he wanted to take advantage of her gospel background; his philosophy in general was to encourage a "tenacious form of rhythm & blues that became increasingly identified as soul".<a href="#cite_note-RStone-41">[41]</a> The Atlantic days would lead to a series of hits for Aretha Franklin from 1967 to early 1972; her rapport with Wexler helped in the creation of the majority of her peak recordings with Atlantic. The next seven years' achievements were less impressive. However, according to Rolling Stone, "they weren't as terrible as some claimed, they were pro forma and never reached for new heights".<a href="#cite_note-nationalgeographic.com-57">[57]</a> In January 1967, Franklin traveled to <a href="/wiki/Muscle_Shoals,_Alabama" title="Muscle Shoals, Alabama">Muscle Shoals, Alabama</a>, to record at <a href="/wiki/FAME_Studios" title="FAME Studios">FAME Studios</a> and recorded the song "<a href="/wiki/I_Never_Loved_a_Man_(The_Way_I_Love_You)" title="I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)">I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)</a>", backed by the <a href="/wiki/Muscle_Shoals_Rhythm_Section" title="Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section">Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section</a>. Franklin only spent one day recording at FAME, as an altercation broke out between her manager and husband <a href="/wiki/Ted_White_(manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ted White (manager)">Ted White</a>, studio owner <a href="/wiki/Rick_Hall" title="Rick Hall">Rick Hall</a>, and a horn player, and sessions were abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-pc52-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The song was released the following month and reached number one on the R&B chart, while also peaking at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Franklin her first top-ten pop single. The song's B-side, "<a href="/wiki/Do_Right_Woman,_Do_Right_Man" title="Do Right Woman, Do Right Man">Do Right Woman, Do Right Man</a>", reached the R&B top 40, peaking at number 37. "<a href="/wiki/Respect_(song)" title="Respect (song)">Respect</a>" was <a href="/wiki/Otis_Redding" title="Otis Redding">Otis Redding</a>'s song but Aretha modified it with a "supercharged interlude featuring the emphatic spelling-out of the song's title".<a href="#cite_note-Aretha_Franklin_obituary-40">[40]</a> Her frenetic version was released in April and reached number one on both the R&B and pop charts. "Respect" became her <a href="/wiki/Signature_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Signature song">signature song</a> and was later hailed as a <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Civil Rights Movement">civil rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">feminist</a> anthem.<a href="#cite_note-pc52-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Upon hearing her version, Otis Redding said admiringly: "That little girl done took my song away from me."<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Franklin's debut Atlantic album, <a href="/wiki/I_Never_Loved_a_Man_the_Way_I_Love_You" title="I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You">I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You</a>, also became commercially successful, later going gold. According to <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>, this recording "would catapult Franklin to fame".<a href="#cite_note-nationalgeographic.com-57">[57]</a> Franklin scored two additional top-ten singles in 1967, "<a href="/wiki/Baby_I_Love_You_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Baby I Love You (Aretha Franklin song)">Baby I Love You</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/(You_Make_Me_Feel_Like)_A_Natural_Woman" title="(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman">(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman</a>".<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Working with Wexler and Atlantic, Franklin had become "the most successful singer in the nation" by 1968.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In 1968, Franklin issued the top-selling albums <a href="/wiki/Lady_Soul" title="Lady Soul">Lady Soul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Now" title="Aretha Now">Aretha Now</a>, which included some of her most popular hit singles, including "<a href="/wiki/Chain_of_Fools" title="Chain of Fools">Chain of Fools</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_No_Way" title="Ain't No Way">Ain't No Way</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Think_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Think (Aretha Franklin song)">Think</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/I_Say_a_Little_Prayer" title="I Say a Little Prayer">I Say a Little Prayer</a>". That February, Franklin earned the first two of her Grammys, including the debut category for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_R%26B_Vocal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance">Best Female R&B Vocal Performance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> On February 16, Franklin was honored with a day named for her and was greeted by longtime friend Martin Luther King Jr., who gave her the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">SCLC</a> Drum Beat Award for Musicians two months before his death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobkin20065-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitaker2011315-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego2010107-66">[66]</a> Franklin toured outside the US for the first time in late April/May 1968, including an appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Concertgebouw,_Amsterdam" title="Concertgebouw, Amsterdam">Concertgebouw</a>, Amsterdam,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> where she played to a near-hysterical audience who covered the stage with flower petals.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> She performed two concerts in London, at the <a href="/wiki/Finsbury_Park_Astoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Finsbury Park Astoria">Finsbury Park Astoria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Odeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammersmith Odeon">Hammersmith Odeon</a> on May 11 and May 12.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In June 1968, she appeared on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_covers_of_Time_magazine_(1960s)" title="List of covers of Time magazine (1960s)">cover of Time magazine</a> in a portrait illustration by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Chaliapin" title="Boris Chaliapin">Boris Chaliapin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Respect_sample.ogg" title="File:Respect sample.ogg">"Respect"</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="15" data-mwtitle="Respect_sample.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ca/Respect_sample.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/c/ca/Respect_sample.ogg/Respect_sample.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARespect_sample.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div> <div class="description">"Respect" was a huge hit for Franklin, and became a signature song for her.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> In March 1969, Franklin was unanimously voted winner of <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_du_Jazz" title="Académie du Jazz">Académie du Jazz</a>'s R&B award, Prix Otis Redding, for her albums Lady Soul, Aretha Now, and <a href="/wiki/Aretha_in_Paris" title="Aretha in Paris">Aretha in Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> That year, Franklin was the subject of a criminal <a href="/wiki/Impersonator" title="Impersonator">impersonation</a> scheme. Another woman performed at several Florida venues under the name Aretha Franklin. Suspicion was drawn when the fake Franklin charged only a fraction of the expected rate to perform. Franklin's lawyers contacted Florida authorities and uncovered a coercive scheme in which the singer, <a href="/wiki/Vickie_Jones" title="Vickie Jones">Vickie Jones</a>, had been threatened with violence and constrained into impersonating her idol, whom she resembled closely both in voice and looks.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-72">[72]</a> After being cleared of wrongdoing, Jones subsequently enjoyed a brief career of her own, during which she was herself the subject of an impersonation. Franklin's success further expanded during the early 1970s, during which she recorded the multi-week R&B number one "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Play_That_Song_(You_Lied)" title="Don't Play That Song (You Lied)">Don't Play That Song (You Lied)</a>", as well as the top-ten singles "<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Harlem_(song)" title="Spanish Harlem (song)">Spanish Harlem</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Rock_Steady_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Rock Steady (Aretha Franklin song)">Rock Steady</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Day_Dreaming_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Day Dreaming (Aretha Franklin song)">Day Dreaming</a>". Some of these releases were from the acclaimed albums <a href="/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Dark" title="Spirit in the Dark">Spirit in the Dark</a> (released in August 1970, in which month she again performed at London's Hammersmith Odeon)<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Young,_Gifted_and_Black" title="Young, Gifted and Black">Young, Gifted and Black</a> (released in early 1972). In 1971, Franklin became the first R&B performer to headline <a href="/wiki/Fillmore_West" title="Fillmore West">Fillmore West</a>, later that year releasing the live album <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Live_at_Fillmore_West" title="Aretha Live at Fillmore West">Aretha Live at Fillmore West</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In January 1972, she returned to Gospel music in a two-night, live-church recording, with the album <a href="/wiki/Amazing_Grace_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Amazing Grace (Aretha Franklin album)">Amazing Grace</a>, in which she reinterpreted standards such as Mahalia Jackson's "<a href="/wiki/How_I_Got_Over_(song)" title="How I Got Over (song)">How I Got Over</a>".<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Originally released in June 1972, Amazing Grace sold more than two million copies,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> and is one of bestselling gospel albums of all time.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The live performances were filmed for <a href="/wiki/Amazing_Grace_(2018_film)" title="Amazing Grace (2018 film)">a concert film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a>, but due to synching problems and Franklin's own attempts to prevent the film's distribution after Hollywood refused to promote a dark-skinned black woman as a movie star at the time, the film's release was only realized by producer Alan Elliott in November 2018.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Franklin's career began to experience problems while recording the album <a href="/wiki/Hey_Now_Hey_(The_Other_Side_of_the_Sky)" title="Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky)">Hey Now Hey</a>, which featured production from <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>. Despite the success of the single "<a href="/wiki/Angel_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Angel (Aretha Franklin song)">Angel</a>", the album bombed upon its release in 1973. Franklin continued having R&B success with songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Until_You_Come_Back_to_Me_(That%27s_What_I%27m_Gonna_Do)" title="Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)">Until You Come Back to Me</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_in_Love_(Bobby_Womack_song)" title="I'm in Love (Bobby Womack song)">I'm in Love</a>", but by 1975 her albums and songs were no longer top sellers. After Jerry Wexler left Atlantic for <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros. Records</a> in 1976, Franklin worked on the <a href="/wiki/Sparkle_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparkle (Aretha Franklin album)">soundtrack</a> to the film <a href="/wiki/Sparkle_(1976_film)" title="Sparkle (1976 film)">Sparkle</a> with <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a>. The album yielded Franklin's final top-40 hit of the decade, "<a href="/wiki/Something_He_Can_Feel" title="Something He Can Feel">Something He Can Feel</a>", which also peaked at number one on the R&B chart. Franklin's follow-up albums for Atlantic, including <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Passion" title="Sweet Passion">Sweet Passion</a> (1977), <a href="/wiki/Almighty_Fire" title="Almighty Fire">Almighty Fire</a> (1978) and <a href="/wiki/La_Diva_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="La Diva (Aretha Franklin album)">La Diva</a> (1979), bombed on the charts, and in 1979 Franklin left the company.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> On November 7, 1979, she guested <a href="/wiki/The_Mike_Douglas_Show" title="The Mike Douglas Show">The Mike Douglas Show</a> with her yellow costume from her <a href="/wiki/La_Diva_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="La Diva (Aretha Franklin album)">La Diva</a> album, and sang "Ladies Only", "What If I Should Ever Need You" and "<a href="/wiki/Yesterday_(Beatles_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesterday (Beatles song)">Yesterday</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980–2007:_Arista_years">1980–2007: Arista years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aretha_Franklin_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aretha_Franklin_1998.jpg/170px-Aretha_Franklin_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aretha_Franklin_1998.jpg/255px-Aretha_Franklin_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aretha_Franklin_1998.jpg/340px-Aretha_Franklin_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2429" /></a><figcaption>Franklin in 1998</figcaption></figure> In 1980, after leaving Atlantic Records,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Franklin signed with <a href="/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> "Davis was beguiling and had the golden touch", according to Rolling Stone. "If anybody could rejuvenate Franklin's puzzlingly stuck career, it was Davis."<a href="#cite_note-RStone-41">[41]</a> Also in 1980, Franklin gave a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Command_Performance" title="Royal Command Performance">command performance</a> at the <a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">London Palladium</a> in front of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Franklin also had an acclaimed guest role as a <a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">soul food</a> restaurant proprietor and wife of <a href="/wiki/Matt_%22Guitar%22_Murphy" title="Matt "Guitar" Murphy">Matt "Guitar" Murphy</a> in the 1980 comedy musical <a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers_(film)" title="The Blues Brothers (film)">The Blues Brothers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Franklin's first Arista album, <a href="/wiki/Aretha_(1980_album)" title="Aretha (1980 album)">Aretha</a> (1980), featured the number-three R&B hit "United Together" and her Grammy-nominated cover of Redding's "<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Turn_You_Loose" title="I Can't Turn You Loose">I Can't Turn You Loose</a>". The follow-up, 1981's <a href="/wiki/Love_All_the_Hurt_Away" title="Love All the Hurt Away">Love All the Hurt Away</a>, included her famed duet of the title track with <a href="/wiki/George_Benson" title="George Benson">George Benson</a>, while the album also included her Grammy-winning cover of <a href="/wiki/Sam_%26_Dave" title="Sam & Dave">Sam & Dave</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Hold_On,_I%27m_Comin%27_(song)" title="Hold On, I'm Comin' (song)">Hold On, I'm Comin'</a>". Franklin achieved a gold record—for the first time in seven years—with the 1982 album <a href="/wiki/Jump_to_It" title="Jump to It">Jump to It</a>. The album's <a href="/wiki/Jump_to_It_(song)" title="Jump to It (song)">title track</a> was her first top-40 single on the pop charts in six years.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The following year, she released "<a href="/wiki/Get_It_Right_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Get It Right (Aretha Franklin song)">Get It Right</a>", produced by <a href="/wiki/Luther_Vandross" title="Luther Vandross">Luther Vandross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In 1985, inspired by a desire to have a "younger sound" in her music, <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Zoomin%27_Who%3F" title="Who's Zoomin' Who?">Who's Zoomin' Who?</a> became her first Arista album to be certified <a href="/wiki/List_of_music_recording_certifications" title="List of music recording certifications">platinum</a>. The album sold well over a million copies thanks to the hits "<a href="/wiki/Freeway_of_Love" title="Freeway of Love">Freeway of Love</a>", the title track, and "Another Night".<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The next year's <a href="/wiki/Aretha_(1986_album)" title="Aretha (1986 album)">Aretha</a> album nearly matched this success with the hit singles "<a href="/wiki/Jumpin%27_Jack_Flash" title="Jumpin' Jack Flash">Jumpin' Jack Flash</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lee_(song)" title="Jimmy Lee (song)">Jimmy Lee</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/I_Knew_You_Were_Waiting_(For_Me)" title="I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)">I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)</a>", her international number-one duet with <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a>. During that period, Franklin provided vocals to the theme songs of the TV shows <a href="/wiki/A_Different_World" title="A Different World">A Different World</a> and Together.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In 1987, she issued her third gospel album, <a href="/wiki/One_Lord,_One_Faith,_One_Baptism" title="One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism">One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism</a>, which was recorded at her late father's New Bethel church, followed by <a href="/wiki/Through_the_Storm_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Through the Storm (Aretha Franklin album)">Through the Storm</a> in 1989. In 1987, Franklin performed "<a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful" title="America the Beautiful">America the Beautiful</a>" at <a href="/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">WWE</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wrestlemania_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrestlemania III">Wrestlemania III</a>; one source states that "to this day her WrestleMania III performance might be the most memorable" of the event openers by many artists.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> After 1988, "Franklin never again had huge hits", according to Rolling Stone.<a href="#cite_note-RStone-41">[41]</a> The 1991 album What You See is What You Sweat flopped on the charts. She returned to the charts in 1993 with the dance song "A Deeper Love" and returned to the top 40 with the song "<a href="/wiki/Willing_to_Forgive" title="Willing to Forgive">Willing to Forgive</a>" in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> That recording reached number 26 on the Hot 100 and number five on the R&B chart. In 1989, Franklin filmed a music video for a remake of "<a href="/wiki/Think_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Think (Aretha Franklin song)">Think</a>".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In 1990, she sang "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Be_Happy" title="I Want to Be Happy">I Want to Be Happy</a>", "<a href="/wiki/(You_Make_Me_Feel_Like)_A_Natural_Woman" title="(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman">(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/What_You_See_Is_What_You_Sweat" title="What You See Is What You Sweat">Someone Else's Eyes</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/MDA_Labor_Day_Telethon" class="mw-redirect" title="MDA Labor Day Telethon">MDA Labor Day Telethon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 1995, she was selected to play <a href="/wiki/Aunt_Em" title="Aunt Em">Aunt Em</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Theater" title="Apollo Theater">Apollo Theater</a> revival of <a href="/wiki/The_Wiz" title="The Wiz">The Wiz</a>. Franklin's final top 40 single was 1998's "<a href="/wiki/A_Rose_Is_Still_a_Rose_(song)" title="A Rose Is Still a Rose (song)">A Rose Is Still a Rose</a>". The <a href="/wiki/A_Rose_Is_Still_a_Rose" title="A Rose Is Still a Rose">album of the same name</a> was released after the single. It sold over 500,000 copies, earning gold certification.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arethafranklin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arethafranklin.jpg/220px-Arethafranklin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arethafranklin.jpg/330px-Arethafranklin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arethafranklin.jpg/440px-Arethafranklin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>Franklin performing in April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Theatre_at_Grand_Prairie" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Theatre at Grand Prairie">Nokia Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, Texas</figcaption></figure> That same year, Franklin received global praise after her <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards_of_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Awards of 1998">1998 Grammy Awards</a> performance. She had initially been asked to perform in honor of the 1980 film <a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers_(film)" title="The Blues Brothers (film)">The Blues Brothers</a>, in which she appeared with <a href="/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd" title="Dan Aykroyd">Dan Aykroyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Belushi" title="John Belushi">John Belushi</a>. That evening, after the show had already begun, another performer, opera tenor <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a> became too ill to perform the aria "<a href="/wiki/Nessun_dorma" title="Nessun dorma">Nessun dorma</a>" as planned. The show's producers, desperate to fill the time slot, approached Franklin with their dilemma. She was a friend of Pavarotti and had sung the aria two nights prior at the annual <a href="/wiki/MusiCares" title="MusiCares">MusiCares</a> event. She asked to hear Pavarotti's rehearsal recording, and after listening, agreed that she could sing it in the <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> range that the orchestra was prepared to play in. Over one billion people worldwide saw the performance, and she received an immediate <a href="/wiki/Standing_ovation" title="Standing ovation">standing ovation</a>. She would go on to record the selection and perform it live several more times in the years to come. The last time she sang the aria live was for <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> at the <a href="/wiki/World_Meeting_of_Families" title="World Meeting of Families">World Meeting of Families</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> in September 2015. A small boy was so touched by her performance that he came onto the stage and embraced her while Franklin was still singing.<a href="#cite_note-auto-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-96">[96]</a> Her final Arista album, <a href="/wiki/So_Damn_Happy_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="So Damn Happy (Aretha Franklin album)">So Damn Happy</a>, was released in 2003 and featured the Grammy-winning song "Wonderful". In 2004, Franklin announced that she was leaving Arista after more than 20 years with the label.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> To complete her Arista obligations, Franklin issued the duets compilation album <a href="/wiki/Jewels_in_the_Crown:_All-Star_Duets_with_the_Queen" title="Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen">Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In February 2006, she performed "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>" with <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Neville" title="Aaron Neville">Aaron Neville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dr._John" title="Dr. John">Dr. John</a> for <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XL" title="Super Bowl XL">Super Bowl XL</a>, held in her hometown of Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-clinton-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007–2018:_Final_years">2007–2018: Final years</h3></div> In 2008, Franklin issued the holiday album <a href="/wiki/This_Christmas,_Aretha" title="This Christmas, Aretha">This Christmas, Aretha</a> on DMI Records.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> On February 8, 2008, Franklin was honored as the <a href="/wiki/MusiCares" title="MusiCares">MusiCares</a> Person of the Year, and performed "<a href="/wiki/Never_Gonna_Break_My_Faith" title="Never Gonna Break My Faith">Never Gonna Break My Faith</a>", which had won her the <a href="/wiki/Grammy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy">Grammy</a> for best Gospel performance<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> the year before. Twelve years later, an unheard performance of "<a href="/wiki/Never_Gonna_Break_My_Faith" title="Never Gonna Break My Faith">Never Gonna Break My Faith</a>" was released in June 2020 to commemorate <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> with a new video visualizing the American human rights movement. This caused the song to enter the Billboard gospel charts at number one, giving Franklin the distinction of having had a number one record in every decade since the 1960s. On November 18, 2008, she performed "<a href="/wiki/Respect_(song)" title="Respect (song)">Respect</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Chain_of_Fools" title="Chain of Fools">Chain of Fools</a>" at <a href="/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(American_TV_series)" title="Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)">Dancing with the Stars</a>. On January 20, 2009, Franklin made international headlines for performing "<a href="/wiki/My_Country,_%27Tis_of_Thee" title="My Country, 'Tis of Thee">My Country, 'Tis of Thee</a>" at President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">inaugural ceremony</a> with her church hat becoming a popular topic online. In 2010, Franklin accepted an honorary degree from <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-clinton-99">[99]</a> In 2011, under her own label, Aretha's Records, she issued the album <a href="/wiki/Aretha:_A_Woman_Falling_Out_of_Love" class="mw-redirect" title="Aretha: A Woman Falling Out of Love">Aretha: A Woman Falling Out of Love</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aretha_Franklin_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aretha_Franklin_2015.jpg/170px-Aretha_Franklin_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aretha_Franklin_2015.jpg/255px-Aretha_Franklin_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aretha_Franklin_2015.jpg/340px-Aretha_Franklin_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Franklin performs in the <a href="/wiki/East_Room" title="East Room">East Room</a> of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in 2015</figcaption></figure> In 2014, Franklin was signed under RCA Records, controller of the Arista catalog and a sister label to Columbia via <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Entertainment</a>, and worked with Clive Davis. There were plans for her to record an album produced by <a href="/wiki/Danger_Mouse_(musician)" title="Danger Mouse (musician)">Danger Mouse</a>, who was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Babyface_(musician)" title="Babyface (musician)">Babyface</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Was" title="Don Was">Don Was</a> when Danger Mouse left the project.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On September 29, 2014, Franklin performed to a standing ovation, with <a href="/wiki/Cissy_Houston" title="Cissy Houston">Cissy Houston</a> as backup, a compilation of <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep" title="Rolling in the Deep">Rolling in the Deep</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_No_Mountain_High_Enough" title="Ain't No Mountain High Enough">Ain't No Mountain High Enough</a>" on the <a href="/wiki/Late_Show_with_David_Letterman" title="Late Show with David Letterman">Late Show with David Letterman</a>. Franklin's cover of "Rolling in the Deep" was featured among nine other songs in her first RCA release, <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin_Sings_the_Great_Diva_Classics" title="Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics">Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics</a>, released in October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In doing so, she became the first woman to have 100 songs on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart with the success of her cover of Adele's "Rolling in the Deep", which debuted at number 47 on the chart.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In December 2015, Franklin gave an acclaimed performance of "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" at the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> during the section for honoree <a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a>, who co-wrote the song.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> During the swelling bridge of the song, Franklin dramatically dropped her fur coat from her shoulders to the stage, for which the audience rewarded her with a mid-performance <a href="/wiki/Standing_ovation" title="Standing ovation">standing ovation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Remnick-109">[109]</a> Dropping the coat was symbolic according to "Rolling Stone": it "echoed back to those times when gospel queens would toss their furs on top of the coffins of other gospel queens — a gesture that honored the dead but castigated death itself".<a href="#cite_note-RStone-41">[41]</a> She returned to Detroit's <a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a> on Thanksgiving Day 2016 to once again perform the national anthem before the game between the <a href="/wiki/Lions%E2%80%93Vikings_rivalry" title="Lions–Vikings rivalry">Minnesota Vikings and Detroit Lions</a>. Seated behind the piano, wearing a black fur coat and Lions stocking cap, Franklin gave a rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" that lasted more than four minutes and featured a host of improvisations.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Franklin released the album <a href="/wiki/A_Brand_New_Me_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="A Brand New Me (Aretha Franklin album)">A Brand New Me</a> in November 2017 with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, which uses archived recordings from Franklin.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> While Franklin canceled some concerts in 2017 for health reasons, and during an outdoor Detroit show, she asked the audience to "keep me in your prayers", she was still garnering highly favorable reviews for her skill and showmanship.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/Ravinia_Festival" title="Ravinia Festival">Ravinia Festival</a> on September 3, 2017, she gave her last full concert.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Franklin's final public performance was at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Divine" title="Cathedral of St. John the Divine">Cathedral of St. John the Divine</a> in New York City during <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>'s 25th anniversary gala for the <a href="/wiki/Elton_John_AIDS_Foundation" title="Elton John AIDS Foundation">Elton John AIDS Foundation</a> on November 7, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_style_and_image">Music style and image</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aretha_Franklin,_The_Gospel_Tradition_In_Performance_at_the_White_House,_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Aretha_Franklin%2C_The_Gospel_Tradition_In_Performance_at_the_White_House%2C_2015.jpg/170px-Aretha_Franklin%2C_The_Gospel_Tradition_In_Performance_at_the_White_House%2C_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Aretha_Franklin%2C_The_Gospel_Tradition_In_Performance_at_the_White_House%2C_2015.jpg/255px-Aretha_Franklin%2C_The_Gospel_Tradition_In_Performance_at_the_White_House%2C_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Aretha_Franklin%2C_The_Gospel_Tradition_In_Performance_at_the_White_House%2C_2015.jpg/340px-Aretha_Franklin%2C_The_Gospel_Tradition_In_Performance_at_the_White_House%2C_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1867" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Franklin waiting to perform at the White House, in 2015</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Richie_Unterberger" title="Richie Unterberger">Richie Unterberger</a>, Franklin was "one of the giants of soul music, and indeed of American pop as a whole. More than any other performer, she epitomized soul at its most gospel-charged".<a href="#cite_note-Unterberger-1">[1]</a> She had often been described as a great singer and musician due to "vocal flexibility, interpretive intelligence, skillful piano-playing, her ear, her experience".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobkin20068-118">[118]</a> Franklin's voice was described as being a "powerful <a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-soprano</a> voice". She was praised for her arrangements and interpretations of other artists' hit songs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitaker2011312-119">[119]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/David_Remnick" title="David Remnick">David Remnick</a>, what "distinguishes her is not merely the breadth of her catalog or the cataract force of her vocal instrument; it's her musical intelligence, her way of singing behind the beat, of spraying a wash of notes over a single word or syllable, of constructing, moment by moment, the emotional power of a three-minute song. 'Respect' is as precise an artifact as a Ming vase."<a href="#cite_note-Remnick-109">[109]</a> Describing Franklin's voice on her first album, <a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Faith_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Songs of Faith (Aretha Franklin album)">Songs of Faith</a>, released in 1956 when she was just 14, Jerry Wexler explained that it "was not that of a child but rather of an ecstatic <a href="/wiki/Hierophant" title="Hierophant">hierophant</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMahon2000373-120">[120]</a> Critic Randy Lewis assessed her skills as a pianist as "magic" and "inspirational". Musicians and professionals alike such as Elton John, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Richards" title="Keith Richards">Keith Richards</a>, Carole King, and Clive Davis were fans of her piano performances.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In 2015, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> wrote the following regarding Franklin:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Nobody embodies more fully the connection between the African-American spiritual, the blues, R. & B., rock and roll—the way that hardship and sorrow were transformed into something full of beauty and vitality and hope. American history wells up when Aretha sings. That's why, when she sits down at a piano and sings 'A Natural Woman,' she can move me to tears—the same way that Ray Charles's version of 'America the Beautiful' will always be in my view the most patriotic piece of music ever performed—because it captures the fullness of the American experience, the view from the bottom as well as the top, the good and the bad, and the possibility of synthesis, reconciliation, transcendence.<a href="#cite_note-Bort-122">[122]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism">Activism</h2></div> From her time growing up in the home of a prominent African-American preacher to the end of her life, Franklin was immersed and involved in the struggle for <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a>. She provided money for civil rights groups, at times covering payroll, and performed at benefits and protests.<a href="#cite_note-Lang-123">[123]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a> was jailed in 1970, Franklin told <a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a>: "Angela Davis must go free ... Black people will be free. I've been locked up (for disturbing the peace in Detroit) and I know you got to disturb the peace when you can't get no peace. Jail is hell to be in. I'm going to see her free if there is any justice in our courts, not because I believe in communism, but because she's a Black woman and she wants freedom for Black people."<a href="#cite_note-Lang-123">[123]</a> Her songs "Respect" and "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" became anthems of these movements for social change.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Franklin and several other American icons declined to take part in performing at President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s 2017 inauguration as a mass act of musical protest.<a href="#cite_note-Blim2017-126">[126]</a> Franklin was also a strong supporter of Native American rights.<a href="#cite_note-imn-127">[127]</a> She quietly and without fanfare supported <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples</a>' struggles worldwide, and numerous movements that supported Native American and <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nation</a> cultural rights.<a href="#cite_note-imn-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Franklin moved to New York City from Detroit in the 1960s where she lived until relocating to Los Angeles in the mid-1970s. She eventually settled in the Los Angeles neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Encino,_Los_Angeles" title="Encino, Los Angeles">Encino</a>, where she lived until 1982. She then returned to the Detroit suburb of <a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Hills, Michigan">Bloomfield Hills</a> to be close to her ailing father and siblings. Franklin maintained a residence there until her death. Following an incident in 1984, she cited a fear of flying that prevented her from traveling overseas; she performed only in North America afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-wendy-52">[52]</a> Franklin was <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Franklin was the mother of four sons. She first became pregnant at the age of 12 and gave birth to her first child, named Clarence after her father,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201458–59-129">[129]</a> on January 28, 1955. In one of her handwritten wills, discovered in 2019, Franklin revealed that the father was Edward Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On August 31, 1957, at the age of 15, Franklin had a second child fathered by Jordan, named Edward Derone Franklin after his father.<a href="#cite_note-MN-131">[131]</a> Franklin did not like to discuss her early pregnancies with interviewers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201448-132">[132]</a> Both children took her family name. While Franklin was pursuing her singing career and "hanging out with [friends]", her grandmother Rachel and sister Erma took turns raising her children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''199532-133">[133]</a> Franklin would visit them often.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201483-134">[134]</a> Her third child, Ted White Jr., was born to Franklin and her husband Theodore "Ted" White in February 1964 and is known professionally as Teddy Richards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz2014-135">[135]</a> He provided guitar backing for his mother's band during live concerts.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Her youngest son, Kecalf Cunningham, was born in April 1970 and is the child of her road manager Ken Cunningham.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Franklin was married twice. Her first husband was <a href="/wiki/Ted_White_(manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ted White (manager)">Ted White</a>, whom she married in 1961 at the age of 18.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> She had actually seen White the first time at a party held at her house in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201444–45-140">[140]</a> After a contentious marriage that was marred by <a href="/wiki/Domestic_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic abuse">domestic abuse</a>, Franklin separated from White in 1968 and divorced him in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego2010125–26-141">[141]</a> She married actor <a href="/wiki/Glynn_Turman" title="Glynn Turman">Glynn Turman</a>, on April 11, 1978, at her father's church. By marrying Turman, Franklin became stepmother of Turman's three children. Franklin and Turman separated in 1982 after she returned to Michigan from California and they divorced in 1984.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Franklin's sisters, <a href="/wiki/Erma_Franklin" title="Erma Franklin">Erma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Franklin" title="Carolyn Franklin">Carolyn</a>, were professional musicians and spent years performing background vocals on Franklin's recordings. Following Franklin's divorce from Ted White, her brother Cecil became her manager and maintained that position until his death from lung cancer on December 26, 1989. Her sister Carolyn died in April 1988 from breast cancer and her eldest sister Erma died from throat cancer in September 2002. Franklin's half-brother Vaughn died in late 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Salvatore-142">[142]</a> Her half-sister, Carol Ellan Kelley (née Jennings; 1940–2019), was C. L. Franklin's daughter by Mildred Jennings, a 12-year-old member of New Salem Baptist Church in Memphis where C. L. was pastor.<a href="#cite_note-Salvatore-142">[142]</a> Franklin's father and idol, described as "unorthodox on every level," knowingly preyed on his pre-teen congregants.<a href="#cite_note-David-143">[143]</a> Franklin was performing at the <a href="/wiki/Aladdin_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Aladdin Hotel">Aladdin Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas, Nevada</a>, on June 10, 1979, when her father, C. L., was shot twice at point-blank range in his Detroit home.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Baltimore_Afro-American''1979-144">[144]</a> After six months at <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_Hospital" title="Henry Ford Hospital">Henry Ford Hospital</a> while still in a coma, C. L. was moved back to his home with 24-hour nursing care. Aretha moved back to Detroit in late 1982 to assist with the care of her father, who died at Detroit's New Light Nursing Home on July 27, 1984.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jet''1984-145">[145]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aretha_Franklin_US_Open_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aretha_Franklin_US_Open_2011.jpg/220px-Aretha_Franklin_US_Open_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aretha_Franklin_US_Open_2011.jpg/330px-Aretha_Franklin_US_Open_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aretha_Franklin_US_Open_2011.jpg/440px-Aretha_Franklin_US_Open_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3156" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption>Franklin and William Wilkerson at the <a href="/wiki/2011_US_Open_(tennis)" title="2011 US Open (tennis)">2011 US Open</a></figcaption></figure> Franklin had a long friendship with Willie Wilkerson, a Vietnam War veteran and Detroit firefighter, who also helped in her work and cared for her when ill.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 2012 she announced plans to marry Wilkerson<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> but the engagement was quickly called off.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Franklin's music business friends included <a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mavis_Staples" title="Mavis Staples">Mavis Staples</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cissy_Houston" title="Cissy Houston">Cissy Houston</a>, who began singing with Franklin as members of the <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Inspirations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet Inspirations">Sweet Inspirations</a>. Houston sang background on Franklin's hit "Ain't No Way". Franklin first met Cissy's young daughter, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, in the early 1970s. She was made Whitney's honorary aunt (not a godmother as has been occasionally reported) and Whitney often referred to her as "Auntie Ree".<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Franklin had to cancel plans to perform at Whitney Houston's memorial service on February 18, 2012, due to a leg spasm.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Franklin was a registered <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> While her estate had been estimated at $80 million,<a href="#cite_note-Wang-2018-154">[154]</a> according to the New York Times, at her death it was valued at $18 million.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> Franklin had weight issues for many years. In 1974, she lost 40 pounds (18 kg) on a <a href="/wiki/Very-low-calorie_diet" title="Very-low-calorie diet">very-low-calorie diet</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''1974-156">[156]</a> and maintained her new weight until the end of the decade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego2010162–65-157">[157]</a> She again lost weight in the early 1990s, before gaining some back.<a href="#cite_note-contactnews-158">[158]</a> A former <a href="/wiki/Chain_smoking" title="Chain smoking">chain smoker</a> who struggled with alcoholism, she quit smoking in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego2010305-159">[159]</a> She admitted in 1994 that her smoking was "messing with my voice",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''199530-160">[160]</a> but after quitting smoking she said later, in 2003, that her weight "ballooned".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jet''200362–63-161">[161]</a> In 2010, Franklin canceled a number of concerts to have surgery for an undisclosed tumor.<a href="#cite_note-contactnews-158">[158]</a> Discussing the surgery in 2011, she quoted her doctor as saying that it would "add 15 to 20 years" to her life. She denied that the ailment had anything to do with <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a>, as had been reported.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Franklin added, "I don't have to talk about my health with anybody other than my doctors ... The problem has been resolved". Following the surgery, Franklin lost 85 lbs.; however, she denied that she had undergone weight-loss surgery.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> On May 19, 2011, Franklin had her comeback show at the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Theatre" title="Chicago Theatre">Chicago Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In May 2013, Franklin canceled two performances because of an undisclosed medical treatment.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Further concert cancellations followed in the summer<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> and fall.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> During a phone interview with the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> in late August 2013, Franklin stated that she had had a "miraculous" recovery from her undisclosed illness but had to cancel shows and appearances until her health was at 100%, estimating she was about "85% healed".<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Franklin later returned to live performing, including a 2013 Christmas concert at Detroit's <a href="/wiki/MotorCity_Casino_Hotel" title="MotorCity Casino Hotel">MotorCity Casino Hotel</a>. She launched a multi-city tour in mid-2014, starting with a performance on June 14 in New York at <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In February 2017, Franklin announced in an interview with local Detroit television anchor Evrod Cassimy, that 2017 would be her final year touring.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> However, she scheduled some 2018 concert dates before canceling them based on her physician's advice.<a href="#cite_note-Bort-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_funeral">Death and funeral</h3></div> On August 13, 2018, Franklin was reported to be gravely ill at her home in <a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Towers" title="Riverfront Towers">Riverfront Towers</a>, Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> She was under <a href="/wiki/Hospice" title="Hospice">hospice</a> care and surrounded by friends and family. <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> and former husband Glynn Turman visited her on her deathbed.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Franklin died at her home on August 16, 2018, aged 76.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> She was initially thought to have died without a will.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> The cause of death was a malignant <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_neuroendocrine_tumor" title="Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor">pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-UT20180828-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> which is distinct from the most common form of <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HC20180816-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Numerous celebrities in the entertainment industry and politicians paid tribute to Franklin, including former U.S. President Barack Obama who said she "helped define the American experience".<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Civil rights activist and minister <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a> called her a "civil rights and humanitarian icon".<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> A memorial service was held at her home church, <a href="/wiki/New_Bethel_Baptist_Church_(Detroit,_Michigan)" title="New Bethel Baptist Church (Detroit, Michigan)">New Bethel Baptist Church</a>, on August 19.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Thousands then paid their respects during the public lying-in-repose at the <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Wright_Museum_of_African_American_History" title="Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History">Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The August 31 <a href="/wiki/Homegoing" title="Homegoing">Homegoing Service</a> held at <a href="/wiki/Greater_Grace_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Grace Temple">Greater Grace Temple</a> in Detroit, included multiple tributes by celebrities, politicians, friends and family members and was streamed by some news agencies<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Word_Network" title="The Word Network">The Word Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/BET" title="BET">BET</a> and <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Among those who paid tribute to Aretha at the service were <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Rev. Al Sharpton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith_Hill" title="Faith Hill">Faith Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_Barrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia Barrino">Fantasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Clark_Sisters" title="The Clark Sisters">the Clark Sisters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Isley" title="Ronald Isley">Ronald Isley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angie_Stone" title="Angie Stone">Angie Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaka_Khan" title="Chaka Khan">Chaka Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Holliday" title="Jennifer Holliday">Jennifer Holliday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Devine" title="Loretta Devine">Loretta Devine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson" title="Jennifer Hudson">Jennifer Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Latifah" title="Queen Latifah">Queen Latifah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shirma_Rouse" title="Shirma Rouse">Shirma Rouse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cedric_the_Entertainer" title="Cedric the Entertainer">Cedric the Entertainer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Perry" title="Tyler Perry">Tyler Perry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Adams" title="Yolanda Adams">Yolanda Adams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Barber_II" title="William Barber II">Rev. Dr. William Barber II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> At Franklin's request she was eulogized by Rev. Jasper Williams Jr. of Salem Baptist Church in Atlanta, as he had eulogized her father as well as speaking at other family memorials.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Williams's eulogy was criticized for being "a political address that described children being in a home without a father as 'abortion after birth' and said black lives do not matter unless blacks stop killing each other". Franklin's nephew Vaughan complained of Williams: "He spoke for 50 minutes and at no time did he properly eulogize her."<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Following a telecast procession up <a href="/wiki/Seven_Mile_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Mile Road">Seven Mile Road</a>, Franklin was interred at <a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Cemetery_(Detroit)" title="Woodlawn Cemetery (Detroit)">Woodlawn Cemetery</a> in Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-Entombed-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aretha_Franklin_honored_with_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aretha_Franklin_honored_with_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg/250px-Aretha_Franklin_honored_with_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aretha_Franklin_honored_with_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg/375px-Aretha_Franklin_honored_with_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aretha_Franklin_honored_with_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg/500px-Aretha_Franklin_honored_with_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Franklin wipes a tear after being given the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> on November 9, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. She is seated between fellow recipients <a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Robert Conquest</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a></figcaption></figure> Franklin received a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> in 1979, had her voice declared a Michigan "natural resource" in 1985,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego2010238-198">[198]</a> and became the first woman inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''199529-199">[199]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Recording_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences">National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences</a> awarded her a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Legend_Award" title="Grammy Legend Award">Grammy Legend Award</a> in 1991, then the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> in 1994. Franklin was a Kennedy Center Honoree in 1994, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> in 1999, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>'s Golden Plate Award presented by Awards Council member <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a>,<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> and was bestowed the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005 by then President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBracks2012365-25">[25]</a> She was inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame in 2005,<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> and the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> Franklin became the second woman inducted to the <a href="/wiki/UK_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="UK Music Hall of Fame">UK Music Hall of Fame</a> in 2005. She was the 2008 <a href="/wiki/MusiCares_Person_of_the_Year" title="MusiCares Person of the Year">MusiCares Person of the Year</a>, performing at the <a href="/wiki/50th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="50th Annual Grammy Awards">Grammys</a> days later. In 2019 she was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">Pulitzer Prize Special Citation</a> "[f]or her indelible contribution to American music and culture for more than five decades".<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Franklin was the first individual woman to receive a Pulitzer Prize Special Citation.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> At the beginning of her career, <a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_Sioux" title="Siouxsie Sioux">Siouxsie Sioux</a> named her as her favourite female singer.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In 2010 Franklin was ranked first on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time"<a href="#cite_note-100_Greatest_Singers-3">[3]</a> and ninth on their list of "<a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">100 Greatest Artists of All Time</a>".<a href="#cite_note-100_Greatest_Artists-208">[208]</a> Following news of Franklin's surgery and recovery in February 2011, the <a href="/wiki/53rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="53rd Annual Grammy Awards">Grammys ceremony</a> paid tribute to the singer with a medley of her classics performed by <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence_Welch" title="Florence Welch">Florence Welch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson" title="Jennifer Hudson">Jennifer Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martina_McBride" title="Martina McBride">Martina McBride</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Adams" title="Yolanda Adams">Yolanda Adams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> That same year, she was ranked 19th among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Hot_100_chart_achievements_and_milestones" title="List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones">Billboard Hot 100 All-Time top artists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> When Rolling Stone listed the "Women in Rock: 50 Essential Albums" in 2002 and again 2012, it listed Franklin's 1967, I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You, number one.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Inducted to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Music_Association" title="Gospel Music Association">GMA</a> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Gospel Music Hall of Fame">Gospel Music Hall of Fame</a> in 2012, Franklin was described as "the voice of the civil rights movement, the voice of black America".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobkin20066-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Asteroid <a href="/wiki/249516_Aretha" class="mw-redirect" title="249516 Aretha">249516 Aretha</a> was named in her honor in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The next year, Billboard named her the greatest female R&B artist of all time.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In 2018, Franklin was inducted in to the <a href="/wiki/Memphis_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Memphis Music Hall of Fame">Memphis Music Hall of Fame</a>. "American history wells up when Aretha sings", President Obama explained in response to her performance of "A Natural Woman" at the 2015 Kennedy Center Honors. "Nobody embodies more fully the connection between the African-American spiritual, the blues, R&B, rock and roll—the way that hardship and sorrow were transformed into something full of beauty and vitality and hope."<a href="#cite_note-Remnick-109">[109]</a> Franklin later recalled the 2015 Kennedy Center Honors as one of the best nights of her life.<a href="#cite_note-Remnick-109">[109]</a> On June 8, 2017, the City of Detroit honored Franklin's legacy by renaming a portion of Madison Street, between Brush and Witherell Streets, Aretha Franklin Way.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> The Aretha Franklin Post Office Building was named in 2021, and is located at 12711 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Rolling Stone called Franklin "the greatest singer of her generation".<a href="#cite_note-RStone-41">[41]</a> In April 2021, Aretha Franklin was featured in National Geographic magazine and in the previous month, the society began airing the third season of the television series <a href="/wiki/Genius_(American_TV_series)" title="Genius (American TV series)">Genius</a> about her life and career.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-Deneen_L._Brown-220">[220]</a> After working with the artist for nearly four decades, <a href="/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a>, said that Aretha "understood the essence of both language and melody and was able to take it to a place very few—if any—could". According to National Geographic, "she was a musical genius unmatched in her range, power, and soul".<a href="#cite_note-Deneen_L._Brown-220">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3></div> Franklin received honorary degrees from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> as well as honorary doctorates in music from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, 2012;<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, 2010;<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>, 2009;<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, 2007;<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee College of Music</a>, 2006;<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory_of_Music" title="New England Conservatory of Music">New England Conservatory of Music</a>, 1997;<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, 1987.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> She was awarded an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Humane_Letters" title="Doctor of Humane Letters">Doctor of Humane Letters</a> by <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a> 2011<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a> in 1990 and an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Law" title="Doctor of Law">Doctor of Law</a> degree by <a href="/wiki/Bethune%E2%80%93Cookman_University" title="Bethune–Cookman University">Bethune–Cookman University</a> in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tributes">Tributes</h3></div> After Franklin's death, fans added unofficial tributes to two <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> stations: the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Street_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">Franklin Street</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, served by the <a href="/wiki/1_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="1 (New York City Subway service)">1</a> train, and the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Avenue-Fulton_Street_(New_York_City_Subway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Avenue-Fulton Street (New York City Subway)">Franklin Avenue</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, served by the <a href="/wiki/C_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="C (New York City Subway service)">C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Avenue_Shuttle" title="Franklin Avenue Shuttle">S</a> trains. Both stations were originally named after other people. Although the fan tributes were later taken down, the subway system's operator, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>, placed permanent black-and-white stickers with the word "Respect" next to the "Franklin" name signs in each station.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/American_Music_Awards" title="American Music Awards">American Music Awards</a> on October 9, 2018, the show was closed by bringing <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donnie_McClurkin" title="Donnie McClurkin">Donnie McClurkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ledisi" title="Ledisi">Ledisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cece_Winans" class="mw-redirect" title="Cece Winans">Cece Winans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Mary" title="Mary Mary">Mary Mary</a> together to pay tribute to Aretha Franklin. The "all-star" group performed gospel songs, including renditions from Franklin's 1972 album, Amazing Grace.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> A tribute concert, "Aretha! A Grammy Celebration for the Queen of Soul", was organized by <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Recording_Academy" title="The Recording Academy">the Recording Academy</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> on January 13, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine Auditorium">Shrine Auditorium</a> in Los Angeles. The concert included performances by <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e" title="Janelle Monáe">Janelle Monáe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alessia_Cara" title="Alessia Cara">Alessia Cara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patti_LaBelle" title="Patti LaBelle">Patti LaBelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson" title="Jennifer Hudson">Jennifer Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chloe_x_Halle" title="Chloe x Halle">Chloe x Halle</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a>, <a href="/wiki/SZA_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="SZA (singer)">SZA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandi_Carlile" title="Brandi Carlile">Brandi Carlile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Adams" title="Yolanda Adams">Yolanda Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> and was recorded for television, airing on March 10.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/61st_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="61st Annual Grammy Awards">61st Annual Grammy Awards</a>, the ceremony was ended with a memorial tribute to the life and career of Franklin. The tribute concluded with a rendition of her 1968 hit, "A Natural Woman (You Make Me Feel Like)", performed by <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_Barrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia Barrino">Fantasia Barrino-Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andra_Day" title="Andra Day">Andra Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Adams" title="Yolanda Adams">Yolanda Adams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> In June 2023, Aretha – A Love Letter to the Queen of Soul opened at <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a> before heading to <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>. Australian playwright, actor and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Jada_Alberts" title="Jada Alberts">Jada Alberts</a> directed and narrated the musical, which featured <a href="/wiki/Emma_Donovan" title="Emma Donovan">Emma Donovan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montaigne_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montaigne (singer)">Montaigne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thandi_Phoenix" title="Thandi Phoenix">Thandi Phoenix</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thndo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thndo (page does not exist)">Thndo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Yovich" title="Ursula Yovich">Ursula Yovich</a>, along with a nine-piece band.<a href="#cite_note-aretha-241">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portrayals_in_media">Portrayals in media</h3></div> On January 29, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Graff" title="Gary Graff">Gary Graff</a> confirmed that <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson" title="Jennifer Hudson">Jennifer Hudson</a> would play Franklin in a <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical film</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> The film, <a href="/wiki/Respect_(2021_American_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Respect (2021 American film)">Respect</a>, was released in August 2021 in various countries.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> On February 10, 2019, it was announced that the subject of the third season of the American <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(U.S._TV_Channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (U.S. TV Channel)">National Geographic</a> anthology television series <a href="/wiki/Genius_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genius (U.S. TV series)">Genius</a> would be Franklin, in the "first-ever, definitive scripted miniseries on the life of the universally acclaimed Queen of Soul".<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> The season, starring <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Erivo" title="Cynthia Erivo">Cynthia Erivo</a> as Franklin, was aired in March 2021. However, Franklin's family denounced the series, claiming to be uninvolved with the production process, despite the production team stating that the series had been endorsed by the Franklin estate.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin_discography" title="Aretha Franklin discography">Aretha Franklin discography</a></div> Studio albums <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_(1961_album)" title="Aretha (1961 album)">Aretha: With the Ray Bryant Combo</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Electrifying_Aretha_Franklin" title="The Electrifying Aretha Franklin">The Electrifying Aretha Franklin</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tender,_the_Moving,_the_Swinging_Aretha_Franklin" title="The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin">The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughing_on_the_Outside" title="Laughing on the Outside">Laughing on the Outside</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unforgettable:_A_Tribute_to_Dinah_Washington" title="Unforgettable: A Tribute to Dinah Washington">Unforgettable: A Tribute to Dinah Washington</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnin%27_Out_of_Fools" title="Runnin' Out of Fools">Runnin' Out of Fools</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeah!!!" title="Yeah!!!">Yeah!!!</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_Sister_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Soul Sister (Aretha Franklin album)">Soul Sister</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_It_Like_You_Give_It" title="Take It Like You Give It">Take It Like You Give It</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Never_Loved_a_Man_the_Way_I_Love_You" title="I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You">I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Arrives" title="Aretha Arrives">Aretha Arrives</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Soul" title="Lady Soul">Lady Soul</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Now" title="Aretha Now">Aretha Now</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_%2769" title="Soul '69">Soul '69</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_and_Beautiful" title="Soft and Beautiful">Soft and Beautiful</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Girl%27s_in_Love_with_You" title="This Girl's in Love with You">This Girl's in Love with You</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Dark" title="Spirit in the Dark">Spirit in the Dark</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young,_Gifted_%26_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="Young, Gifted & Black">Young, Gifted & Black</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hey_Now_Hey_(The_Other_Side_of_the_Sky)" title="Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky)">Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky)</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_Me_in_Your_Life" title="Let Me in Your Life">Let Me in Your Life</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/With_Everything_I_Feel_in_Me" title="With Everything I Feel in Me">With Everything I Feel in Me</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="You (Aretha Franklin album)">You</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkle_(soundtrack)" title="Sparkle (soundtrack)">Sparkle</a> (1976, soundtrack)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Passion" title="Sweet Passion">Sweet Passion</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almighty_Fire" title="Almighty Fire">Almighty Fire</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Diva_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="La Diva (Aretha Franklin album)">La Diva</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_(1980_album)" title="Aretha (1980 album)">Aretha</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_All_the_Hurt_Away" title="Love All the Hurt Away">Love All the Hurt Away</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_to_It" title="Jump to It">Jump to It</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_It_Right_(album)" title="Get It Right (album)">Get It Right</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Zoomin%27_Who%3F" title="Who's Zoomin' Who?">Who's Zoomin' Who?</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_(1986_album)" title="Aretha (1986 album)">Aretha</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through_the_Storm_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Through the Storm (Aretha Franklin album)">Through the Storm</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_You_See_Is_What_You_Sweat" title="What You See Is What You Sweat">What You See Is What You Sweat</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rose_Is_Still_a_Rose" title="A Rose Is Still a Rose">A Rose Is Still a Rose</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Damn_Happy_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="So Damn Happy (Aretha Franklin album)">So Damn Happy</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Christmas,_Aretha" title="This Christmas, Aretha">This Christmas, Aretha</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha:_A_Woman_Falling_Out_of_Love" class="mw-redirect" title="Aretha: A Woman Falling Out of Love">Aretha: A Woman Falling Out of Love</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin_Sings_the_Great_Diva_Classics" title="Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics">Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics</a> (2014)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2></div> <dl><dt>Concerts, Specials, Appearances</dt></dl> <ul><li>1967–1982: <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</a> – Guest</li> <li>1968: Aretha Franklin and The Sweet Inspirations in Concert</li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Palace" title="The Hollywood Palace">The Hollywood Palace</a> – Guest</li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/41st_Academy_Awards" title="41st Academy Awards">41st Academy Awards</a> – Performer</li> <li>1970: This is Tom Jones – Guest</li> <li>1970: It's Cliff Richard – Guest – BBC</li> <li>1970: It's Lulu – Guest – BBC</li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Clark%27s_Live_Wednesday" title="Dick Clark's Live Wednesday">Dick Clark's Live Wednesday</a> – Guest – ABC</li> <li>1978: Aretha Franklin Live in Canada – ITV</li> <li>1978: Kennedy Center Honors – CBS</li> <li>1981–1985: Solid Gold – Performer – CBS</li> <li>1982: It's Not Easy Bein' Me – Guest – NBC</li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/American_Music_Awards_of_1983" title="American Music Awards of 1983">American Music Awards of 1983</a> – Performer/Host – ABC</li> <li>1983: Midem '83 – Performer – TF1</li> <li>1985: Soundstage – Performer – PBS</li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/American_Music_Awards_of_1986" title="American Music Awards of 1986">American Music Awards of 1986</a> – Performer – ABC</li> <li>1988: James Brown and Friends: Set Fire To The Soul – Performer – HBO</li> <li>1990: Night of 100 Stars III – Performer – NBC</li> <li>1991–1992: The Joan Rivers Show – Performer – HBO</li> <li>1992: 23rd Annual Grammy Awards – Performer – CBS</li> <li>1992: Kennedy Center Honors -Performer – CBS</li> <li>1993: Evening at Pops – Performer – PBS</li></ul> <dl><dt>Documentaries</dt></dl> <ul><li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Black_Rodeo" title="Black Rodeo">Black Rodeo</a> (documentary)</li> <li>1990: Listen Up: The Lives of Quincy Jones (documentary)</li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Dowd_%26_the_Language_of_Music" title="Tom Dowd & the Language of Music">Tom Dowd & the Language of Music</a> (documentary)</li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/The_Zen_of_Bennett" title="The Zen of Bennett">The Zen of Bennett</a> (documentary)</li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Muscle_Shoals_(film)" title="Muscle Shoals (film)">Muscle Shoals</a> (documentary)</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Amazing_Grace_(2018_film)" title="Amazing Grace (2018 film)">Amazing Grace</a> (documentary)</li></ul> <dl><dt>As an actress</dt></dl> <ul><li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Room_222" title="Room 222">Room 222</a> (as Inez Jackson)</li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers_(film)" title="The Blues Brothers (film)">The Blues Brothers</a> (as Mrs. Murphy)</li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Murphy_Brown" title="Murphy Brown">Murphy Brown</a> (as Herself)</li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/The_Brave_Little_Toaster_to_the_Rescue" title="The Brave Little Toaster to the Rescue">The Brave Little Toaster to the Rescue</a> (as voice of Homebuilt Computer)</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Blues_Brothers_2000" title="Blues Brothers 2000">Blues Brothers 2000</a> (as Mrs. Murphy)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Aretha_Franklin" title="List of awards and nominations received by Aretha Franklin">List of awards and nominations received by Aretha Franklin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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Rolling Stone. August 16, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+50+Greatest+Aretha+Franklin+Songs&rft.date=2018-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2Fthe-50-greatest-aretha-franklin-songs-110647%2Fyou-make-me-feel-like-a-natural-woman-1967-194586%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeCurtisJames_HenkeHolly_George-Warren1992" class="citation book cs1">DeCurtis, Anthony; James Henke; Holly George-Warren (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ubWAht7N7zsC&q=rick+hall+coproducet+aretha+respect&pg=PA335">The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll</a>. Random House. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0679737285" title="Special:BookSources/978-0679737285"><bdi>978-0679737285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rolling+Stone+Illustrated+History+of+Rock+%26+Roll&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0679737285&rft.aulast=DeCurtis&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=James+Henke&rft.au=Holly+George-Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DubWAht7N7zsC%26q%3Drick%2Bhall%2Bcoproducet%2Baretha%2Brespect%26pg%3DPA335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> broke Franklin's "Best Female R&B Vocal Performance" winning streak with her 1975 single "This Will Be (An Everlasting Love)" (which, ironically, was originally offered to Franklin). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobkin20065-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobkin20065_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDobkin2006">Dobkin 2006</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitaker2011315-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitaker2011315_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitaker2011">Whitaker 2011</a>, p. 315. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego2010107-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBego2010107_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBego2010">Bego 2010</a>, p. 107. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2018" class="citation news cs1">Brooks, Daphne A (August 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/aug/17/drenched-in-glory-how-aretha-gave-voice-to-embattled-black-women-and-transformed-a-nation">"Drenched in glory: how Aretha gave voice to embattled black women – and transformed a nation"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Drenched+in+glory%3A+how+Aretha+gave+voice+to+embattled+black+women+%E2%80%93+and+transformed+a+nation&rft.date=2018-08-17&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Daphne+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2018%2Faug%2F17%2Fdrenched-in-glory-how-aretha-gave-voice-to-embattled-black-women-and-transformed-a-nation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2015" class="citation news cs1">Myers, Marc (July 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.allaboutjazz.com/aretha-franklin-amsterdam-1968.php">"Aretha Franklin: Amsterdam 1968"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllAboutJazz" class="mw-redirect" title="AllAboutJazz">AllAboutJazz</a>. Retrieved August 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AllAboutJazz&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin%3A+Amsterdam+1968&rft.date=2015-07-03&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.allaboutjazz.com%2Faretha-franklin-amsterdam-1968.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/UK/New-Musical-Express/1968/NME-1968-05-18-S-OCR.pdf">"Phenomenal Aretha"</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Musical_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="New Musical Express">New Musical Express</a>, May 18, 1968, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109212533/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19680628,00.html">"Singer Aretha Franklin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. June 28, 1968. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19680628,00.html">the original</a> on November 9, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Singer+Aretha+Franklin&rft.date=1968-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fcovers%2F0%2C16641%2C19680628%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1969/Billboard%201969-04-19.pdf">"Aretha Gets R&B Award"</a> (PDF). Billboard. April 19, 1969. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Aretha+Gets+R%26B+Award&rft.pages=70&rft.date=1969-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FBillboard%2F60s%2F1969%2FBillboard%25201969-04-19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-72"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaysh2018" class="citation journal cs1">Maysh, Jeff (July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/counterfeit-queen-soul-180969340/">"The Counterfeit Queen of Soul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a>. Retrieved April 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=The+Counterfeit+Queen+of+Soul&rft.date=2018-07&rft.aulast=Maysh&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Farts-culture%2Fcounterfeit-queen-soul-180969340%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Palmer_(director)" title="Tony Palmer (director)">Palmer, Tony</a> (August 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2012/aug/05/archive-1970-aretha-franklin-odeon">"From the archive, 2 August 1970: A little respect? That's the least she deserves"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=From+the+archive%2C+2+August+1970%3A+A+little+respect%3F+That%27s+the+least+she+deserves&rft.date=2012-08-05&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2Faug%2F05%2Farchive-1970-aretha-franklin-odeon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120044822/http://www.wolfgangsvault.com/aretha-franklin/songs">"Aretha Franklin songs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolfgangsvault.com/aretha-franklin/songs">the original</a> on January 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aretha+Franklin+songs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolfgangsvault.com%2Faretha-franklin%2Fsongs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> – from the Bill Graham archives; requires free login. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKot2014" class="citation news cs1">Kot, Greg (October 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20130827-a-song-that-made-america-believe">"How Mahalia Jackson defined the 'I Have a Dream' speech"</a>. BBC. 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Retrieved August 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin%27s+%27Amazing+Grace%27&rft.date=2018-08-16&rft.aulast=Suggs&rft.aufirst=Ernie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myajc.com%2Fnews%2Faretha-franklin-amazing-grace%2FlmY7SX9oylTPEbWW1gNgQJ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPareles2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Pareles" title="Jon Pareles">Pareles, Jon</a> (August 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/16/obituaries/aretha-franklin-dead.html">"Aretha Franklin, Indomitable 'Queen of Soul,' Dies at 76"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin%2C+Indomitable+%27Queen+of+Soul%2C%27+Dies+at+76&rft.date=2018-08-16&rft.aulast=Pareles&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F08%2F16%2Fobituaries%2Faretha-franklin-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGleiberman2018" class="citation web cs1">Gleiberman, Owen (November 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/amazing-grace-review-aretha-franklin-1203027289/">"DOC NYC Film Review: 'Amazing Grace'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 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August 30, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230811215908/https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/aretha-franklin-arrives-new-bethel-baptist-church/">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+Comes+Home+To+New+Bethel+Baptist+Church&rft.date=2018-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fchicago%2Fnews%2Faretha-franklin-arrives-new-bethel-baptist-church%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201458–59-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitz201458–59_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRitz2014">Ritz 2014</a>, pp. 58–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2019" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Alex (May 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/music/aretha-franklin-s-handwritten-wills-if-real-shed-light-titanic-n1008611">"Aretha Franklin's handwritten wills, if real, shed light on a titanic – and complicated – life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 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Madame Noire.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Madame+Noire&rft.atitle=Orgies%2C+Attitudes+And+Anxieties%3A+Biographer+Paints+Different+Portrait+Of+Aretha+Franklin&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Veronica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadamenoire.com%2F484503%2Fbiographer-paints-different-portrait-of-aretha-franklin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201448-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitz201448_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRitz2014">Ritz 2014</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''199532-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''199532_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEbony1995">Ebony 1995</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz201483-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitz201483_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRitz2014">Ritz 2014</a>, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERitz2014-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitz2014_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRitz2014">Ritz 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709212128/http://www.ndtv.com/article/music/aretha-franklin-gets-engaged-163296">"Aretha Franklin gets engaged"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a>. January 3, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/article/music/aretha-franklin-gets-engaged-163296">the original</a> on July 9, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+gets+engaged&rft.date=2012-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Farticle%2Fmusic%2Faretha-franklin-gets-engaged-163296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itv.com/news/2018-08-16/aretha-franklin-obituary">"Aretha Franklin Obituary"</a>. ITV News. August 16, 2018. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://watch.accesshollywood.com/search/aretha-franklin-talks-turning-70-years-old-shares-update-on-her-health/1531031155001?searchterm=aretha">the original</a> on January 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Access+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+Talks+Turning+70+Years+Old%2C+Shares+Update+on+Her+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwatch.accesshollywood.com%2Fsearch%2Faretha-franklin-talks-turning-70-years-old-shares-update-on-her-health%2F1531031155001%3Fsearchterm%3Daretha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> On an ABC promo aired on July 27, 2010, announcing Franklin and <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a>'s appearing together in concert, there was a segment in which Franklin said, "I am a Democrat". </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Resnikoff, Paul (November 25, 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2016/11/25/aretha-franklin-longest-national-anthem/">"Aretha Franklin Plays the Longest National Anthem In U.S. History"</a>, Digital Music News. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wang-2018-154"><a href="#cite_ref-Wang-2018_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Wang, Amy (September 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/aretha-franklin-will-what-happens-718930/">"Aretha Franklin's Estate Is Worth $80 Million. What Happens Now?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. Retrieved September 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin%27s+Estate+Is+Worth+%2480+Million.+What+Happens+Now%3F&rft.date=2018-09-05&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Faretha-franklin-will-what-happens-718930%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSisarioHooper2023" class="citation news cs1">Sisario, Ben; Hooper, Ryan Patrick (July 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/11/arts/music/aretha-franklin-will-couch.html">"Four Pages Found in a Couch Are Ruled Aretha Franklin's True Will"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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Retrieved May 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contact+News&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+Reveals+Tumour+Scare&rft.date=2012-01-10&rft.au=World+Entertainment+News+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.contactmusic.com%2Fnews%2Faretha-franklin-reveals-tumour-scare_1282135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego2010305-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBego2010305_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBego2010">Bego 2010</a>, p. 305. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''199530-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''199530_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEbony1995">Ebony 1995</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jet''200362–63-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jet''200362–63_161-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJet2003">Jet 2003</a>, pp. 62–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessonline.com/articles/aretha-franklin-sets-the-record-straight-on-her-health-i-dont-know-where-pancreatic-cancer-came-from-95435">"Aretha Franklin Sets The Record Straight On Her Health: 'I Don't Know Where Pancreatic Cancer Came From'"</a>. Access. January 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Access&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+Sets+The+Record+Straight+On+Her+Health%3A+%27I+Don%27t+Know+Where+Pancreatic+Cancer+Came+From%27&rft.date=2011-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessonline.com%2Farticles%2Faretha-franklin-sets-the-record-straight-on-her-health-i-dont-know-where-pancreatic-cancer-came-from-95435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazziotta2018" class="citation web cs1">Mazziotta, Julie (August 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/health/aretha-franklin-death-pancreatic-cancer-health-history/">"Aretha Franklin Has Died of Pancreatic Cancer: A Look at Her Health Over the Last Decade"</a>. People.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+Has+Died+of+Pancreatic+Cancer%3A+A+Look+at+Her+Health+Over+the+Last+Decade&rft.date=2018-08-16&rft.aulast=Mazziotta&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Fhealth%2Faretha-franklin-death-pancreatic-cancer-health-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGendron2011" class="citation news cs1">Gendron, Bob (May 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2011/05/20/aretha-franklin-in-glorious-form-at-chicago-theatre/">"Aretha Franklin sings in Chicago"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+sings+in+Chicago&rft.date=2011-05-20&rft.aulast=Gendron&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2011%2F05%2F20%2Faretha-franklin-in-glorious-form-at-chicago-theatre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2013" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Randy (May 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-aretha-franklin-cancel-shows-treatment-20130513,0,6343514.story">"Aretha Franklin cancels 2 shows for undisclosed ailment"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+cancels+2+shows+for+undisclosed+ailment&rft.date=2013-05-13&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fposts%2Fla-et-ms-aretha-franklin-cancel-shows-treatment-20130513%2C0%2C6343514.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/05/22/aretha-franklin-taking-june-off-postponing-shows/2350335">"Aretha Franklin taking June off, postponing shows"</a>. USA Today. Associated Press. May 22, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+taking+June+off%2C+postponing+shows&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fmusic%2F2013%2F05%2F22%2Faretha-franklin-taking-june-off-postponing-shows%2F2350335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCBS/AP2013" class="citation news cs1">CBS/AP (July 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aretha-franklin-cancels-hometown-show-citing-treatment/">"Aretha Franklin cancels hometown show citing treatment"</a>. CBS News. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansascity.com/2013/08/19/4420947/aretha-franklin-not-attending.html">the original</a> on August 22, 2013. 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Retrieved July 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keep+The+Faith&rft.atitle=Respect+trailer+released+%E2%80%93+Aretha+Franklin+Biopic+in+UK+cinemas+22+Jan+2021&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft.au=Admin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.keepthefaith.co.uk%2F2020%2F06%2F30%2Frespect-trailer-released-aretha-franklin-biopic-in-uk-cinemas-22-jan-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2019/02/10/national-geographic-taps-suzan-lori-parks-as-executive-producer-and-showrunner-for-genius-aretha-franklin-808122/20190210ngc07/">"National Geographic Taps Suzan-Lori Parks as Executive Producer and Showrunner for 'Genius: Aretha Franklin'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Futon_Critic" title="The Futon Critic">The Futon Critic</a>. 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TheWrap. Retrieved June 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheWrap&rft.atitle=%27Genius%3A+Aretha%27%3A+Why+Aretha+Franklin%27s+Family+Won%27t+Watch+the+Series&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft.aulast=Amore&rft.aufirst=Samson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewrap.com%2Fgenius-aretha-why-aretha-franklins-family-says-they-wont-watch-the-series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_sources">General sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBego2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bego" title="Mark Bego">Bego, Mark</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ErKigdCXUwoC&q=aretha+franklin+mark+bego">Aretha Franklin: The Queen of Soul</a>. <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-5229-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-5229-4"><bdi>978-0-7867-5229-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aretha+Franklin%3A+The+Queen+of+Soul&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-5229-4&rft.aulast=Bego&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DErKigdCXUwoC%26q%3Daretha%2Bfranklin%2Bmark%2Bbego&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBracks2012" class="citation book cs1">Bracks, Lean'tin (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanamericana0000brac">African American Almanac</a>. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57859-323-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57859-323-1"><bdi>978-1-57859-323-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+Almanac&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pub=Visible+Ink+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-57859-323-1&rft.aulast=Bracks&rft.aufirst=Lean%27tin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricanamericana0000brac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobkin2006" class="citation book cs1">Dobkin, Matt (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ineverlovedmanwa0000dobk">I Never Loved A Man The Way I Love You: Aretha Franklin, Respect, and the Making Of A Soul Music Masterpiece</a>. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ineverlovedmanwa0000dobk/page/6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-31828-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-31828-4"><bdi>978-0-312-31828-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Never+Loved+A+Man+The+Way+I+Love+You%3A+Aretha+Franklin%2C+Respect%2C+and+the+Making+Of+A+Soul+Music+Masterpiece&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-312-31828-4&rft.aulast=Dobkin&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fineverlovedmanwa0000dobk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeiler2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Feiler" title="Bruce Feiler">Feiler, Bruce</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q3iAylx3HosC&pg=PA248">America's Prophet</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-193925-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-193925-9"><bdi>978-0-06-193925-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Prophet&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-06-193925-9&rft.aulast=Feiler&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq3iAylx3HosC%26pg%3DPA248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAvoy2002" class="citation book cs1">McAvoy, Jim (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5KX-3vLoH8EC">Aretha Franklin</a>. 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Franklin, 69, Dies After 5 Years in Coma"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a>. August 13, 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Queen+of+Soul%27s+Father+Rev.+C.+L.+Franklin%2C+69%2C+Dies+After+5+Years+in+Coma&rft.date=1984-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4LADAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbony1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Randolph, Laura B. (April 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rNPfKQbqO84C&pg=PA28">"Aretha Talks About Men, Marriage, Music & Motherhood"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)">Ebony</a>. Vol. 50, no. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=Aretha+Talks+About+Men%2C+Marriage%2C+Music+%26+Motherhood&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.date=1995-04&rft.aulast=Randolph&rft.aufirst=Laura+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrNPfKQbqO84C%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaltimore_Afro-American1979" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2205&dat=19790612&id=noIlAAAAIBAJ&pg=914,3602210">"Rev. C. L. Franklin shot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Afro-American" title="Baltimore Afro-American">Baltimore Afro-American</a>. United Press International. June 12, 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Afro-American&rft.atitle=Rev.+C.+L.+Franklin+shot&rft.date=1979-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2205%26dat%3D19790612%26id%3DnoIlAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D914%2C3602210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitz2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Ritz" title="David Ritz">Ritz, David</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xdUNAwAAQBAJ">Respect: The Life of Aretha Franklin</a>. New York: Little, Brown and. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-19683-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-19683-3"><bdi>978-0-316-19683-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Respect%3A+The+Life+of+Aretha+Franklin&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-316-19683-3&rft.aulast=Ritz&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxdUNAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner2014" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Jennifer (2014). Respect: The Life and Times of Aretha Franklin. BookCaps. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-629-17386-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-629-17386-3"><bdi>978-1-629-17386-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Respect%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Aretha+Franklin&rft.pub=BookCaps&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-629-17386-3&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbony1964" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RAVl_KwcBuAC&pg=PA85">"Swingin' Aretha"</a>. Ebony. Vol. 19, no. 5. March 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=Swingin%27+Aretha&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.date=1964-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRAVl_KwcBuAC%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbony1974" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JN4DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10">"The New Aretha"</a>. Ebony. Vol. 29, no. 12. October 1974.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=The+New+Aretha&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=12&rft.date=1974-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJN4DAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJet2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Waldron, Clarence (September 29, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W7UDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58">"Aretha Franklin Returns With Soulful CD, 'So Damn Happy'"</a>. Jet. Vol. 104, no. 14. pp. 58–63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Aretha+Franklin+Returns+With+Soulful+CD%2C+%27So+Damn+Happy%27&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=2003-09-29&rft.aulast=Waldron&rft.aufirst=Clarence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW7UDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_C._Whitaker" title="Matthew C. Whitaker">Whitaker, Matthew C.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C&pg=PA312">Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries [Three Volumes]</a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37643-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37643-6"><bdi>978-0-313-37643-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+Black+America%3A+Breaking+Barriers+and+Crossing+Boundaries+%5BThree+Volumes%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37643-6&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Matthew+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSGhEUq5bp0C%26pg%3DPA312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAretha+Franklin" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Aretha Franklin at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Aretha_Franklin" class="extiw" title="c:category:Aretha Franklin">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Aretha_Franklin" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Aretha Franklin">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" class="extiw" title="q:Aretha Franklin">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125121" class="extiw" title="d:Q125121">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arethafranklin.net/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000927555">Aretha Franklin</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125121#P1728" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&keyid=118328&subid=0&page=3&fromrow=51&torow=75">Aretha Franklin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208134335/http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&keyid=118328&subid=0&page=3&fromrow=51&torow=75">Archived</a> December 8, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> songwriter/composer catalog at <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Music,_Inc." title="Broadcast Music, Inc.">Broadcast Music, Inc.</a></li> <li>Aretha Franklin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?23368">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/192285104">Aretha Franklin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125121#P535" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0291349/">Aretha Franklin</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125121#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/2f9ecbed-27be-40e6-abca-6de49d50299e">Aretha Franklin</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125121#P434" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/artists/15662553/aretha-franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> at <a href="/wiki/NPR_Music" title="NPR Music">NPR Music</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/aretha_franklin/index.html">Aretha Franklin</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aretha_Franklin" title="Template:Aretha Franklin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aretha_Franklin" title="Template talk:Aretha Franklin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aretha_Franklin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aretha Franklin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aretha_Franklin198" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_(1961_album)" title="Aretha (1961 album)">Aretha</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Electrifying_Aretha_Franklin" title="The Electrifying Aretha Franklin">The Electrifying Aretha Franklin</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tender,_the_Moving,_the_Swinging_Aretha_Franklin" title="The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin">The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughing_on_the_Outside" title="Laughing on the Outside">Laughing on the Outside</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unforgettable:_A_Tribute_to_Dinah_Washington" title="Unforgettable: A Tribute to Dinah Washington">Unforgettable: A Tribute to Dinah Washington</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnin%27_Out_of_Fools" title="Runnin' Out of Fools">Runnin' Out of Fools</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeah!!!" title="Yeah!!!">Yeah!!!</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Faith_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Songs of Faith (Aretha Franklin album)">Songs of Faith</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_Sister_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Soul Sister (Aretha Franklin album)">Soul Sister</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_It_Like_You_Give_It" title="Take It Like You Give It">Take It Like You Give It</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Never_Loved_a_Man_the_Way_I_Love_You" title="I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You">I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Arrives" title="Aretha Arrives">Aretha Arrives</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Soul" title="Lady Soul">Lady Soul</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Now" title="Aretha Now">Aretha Now</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_%2769" title="Soul '69">Soul '69</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_and_Beautiful" title="Soft and Beautiful">Soft and Beautiful</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Girl%27s_in_Love_with_You" title="This Girl's in Love with You">This Girl's in Love with You</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Dark" title="Spirit in the Dark">Spirit in the Dark</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young,_Gifted_and_Black" title="Young, Gifted and Black">Young, Gifted and Black</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hey_Now_Hey_(The_Other_Side_of_the_Sky)" title="Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky)">Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky)</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_Me_in_Your_Life" title="Let Me in Your Life">Let Me in Your Life</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/With_Everything_I_Feel_in_Me" title="With Everything I Feel in Me">With Everything I Feel in Me</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="You (Aretha Franklin album)">You</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkle_(soundtrack)" title="Sparkle (soundtrack)">Sparkle</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Passion" title="Sweet Passion">Sweet Passion</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almighty_Fire" title="Almighty Fire">Almighty Fire</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Diva_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="La Diva (Aretha Franklin album)">La Diva</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_(1980_album)" title="Aretha (1980 album)">Aretha</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_All_the_Hurt_Away" title="Love All the Hurt Away">Love All the Hurt Away</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_to_It" title="Jump to It">Jump to It</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_It_Right_(album)" title="Get It Right (album)">Get It Right</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Zoomin%27_Who%3F" title="Who's Zoomin' Who?">Who's Zoomin' Who?</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_(1986_album)" title="Aretha (1986 album)">Aretha</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through_the_Storm_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Through the Storm (Aretha Franklin album)">Through the Storm</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_You_See_Is_What_You_Sweat" title="What You See Is What You Sweat">What You See Is What You Sweat</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rose_Is_Still_a_Rose" title="A Rose Is Still a Rose">A Rose Is Still a Rose</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Damn_Happy_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="So Damn Happy (Aretha Franklin album)">So Damn Happy</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Christmas,_Aretha" title="This Christmas, Aretha">This Christmas, Aretha</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Falling_Out_of_Love" title="A Woman Falling Out of Love">A Woman Falling Out of Love</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin_Sings_the_Great_Diva_Classics" title="Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics">Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_in_Paris" title="Aretha in Paris">Aretha in Paris</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Live_at_Fillmore_West" title="Aretha Live at Fillmore West">Aretha Live at Fillmore West</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Grace_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Amazing Grace (Aretha Franklin album)">Amazing Grace</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Lord,_One_Faith,_One_Baptism" title="One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism">One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism</a> (1987)</li> <li>Oh Me Oh My: Aretha Live in Philly, 1972 (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Take_a_Look_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Take a Look (Aretha Franklin album)">Take a Look</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha%27s_Gold" title="Aretha's Gold">Aretha's Gold</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha%27s_Greatest_Hits" title="Aretha's Greatest Hits">Aretha's Greatest Hits</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Aretha_Franklin" title="The Best of Aretha Franklin">The Best of Aretha Franklin</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Sings_the_Blues" title="Aretha Sings the Blues">Aretha Sings the Blues</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_Greatest_Hits_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="30 Greatest Hits (Aretha Franklin album)">30 Greatest Hits</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Soul:_The_Atlantic_Recordings" title="Queen of Soul: The Atlantic Recordings">Queen of Soul: The Atlantic Recordings</a> (1992/2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits:_1980%E2%80%931994" title="Greatest Hits: 1980–1994">Greatest Hits: 1980–1994</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Very_Best_of_Aretha_Franklin,_Vol._1" title="The Very Best of Aretha Franklin, Vol. 1">The Very Best of Aretha Franklin, Vol. 1</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="Greatest Hits (Aretha Franklin album)">Greatest Hits</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha%27s_Best" title="Aretha's Best">Aretha's Best</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect:_The_Very_Best_of_Aretha_Franklin" title="Respect: The Very Best of Aretha Franklin">Respect: The Very Best of Aretha Franklin</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_in_Waiting:_The_Columbia_Years_(1960%E2%80%931965)" title="The Queen in Waiting: The Columbia Years (1960–1965)">The Queen in Waiting: The Columbia Years (1960–1965)</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_%26_Unreleased_Recordings_from_the_Golden_Reign_of_the_Queen_of_Soul" title="Rare & Unreleased Recordings from the Golden Reign of the Queen of Soul">Rare & Unreleased Recordings from the Golden Reign of the Queen of Soul</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewels_in_the_Crown:_All-Star_Duets_with_the_Queen" title="Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen">Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Brand_New_Me_(Aretha_Franklin_album)" title="A Brand New Me (Aretha Franklin album)">A Brand New Me</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Singles_Collection_1967%E2%80%931970" title="The Atlantic Singles Collection 1967–1970">The Atlantic Singles Collection 1967–1970</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_My_Hand,_Precious_Lord" title="Take My Hand, Precious Lord">Precious Lord (Part 1)</a>" (1959)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Today_I_Sing_the_Blues" title="Today I Sing the Blues">Today I Sing the Blues</a>" (1960)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Won%27t_Be_Long_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Won't Be Long (Aretha Franklin song)">Won't Be Long</a>" (1960)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rock-a-Bye_Your_Baby_with_a_Dixie_Melody" title="Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody">Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody</a>" (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Operation_Heartbreak" title="Operation Heartbreak">Operation Heartbreak</a>" (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Surrender_Dear" title="I Surrender Dear">I Surrender, Dear</a>" (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Try_a_Little_Tenderness" title="Try a Little Tenderness">Try a Little Tenderness</a>" (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Say_It_Isn%27t_So_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Say It Isn't So (Irving Berlin song)">Say It Isn't So</a>" (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Skylark_(song)" title="Skylark (song)">Skylark</a>" (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Christmas_Song" title="The Christmas Song">The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)</a>" (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Step_Ahead_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="One Step Ahead (Aretha Franklin song)">One Step Ahead</a>" (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Made_Me_Love_You_(I_Didn%27t_Want_to_Do_It)" title="You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)">You Made Me Love You</a>" (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mockingbird_(Inez_%26_Charlie_Foxx_song)" title="Mockingbird (Inez & Charlie Foxx song)">Mockingbird</a>" (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Never_Loved_a_Man_(The_Way_I_Love_You)" title="I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)">I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)</a>" (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Respect_(song)" title="Respect (song)">Respect</a>" (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Baby_I_Love_You_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Baby I Love You (Aretha Franklin song)">Baby I Love You</a>" (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(You_Make_Me_Feel_Like)_A_Natural_Woman" title="(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman">(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman</a>" (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_Right_Woman,_Do_Right_Man" title="Do Right Woman, Do Right Man">Do Right Woman, Do Right Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chain_of_Fools" title="Chain of Fools">Chain of Fools</a>" (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I_Can%27t_Get_No)_Satisfaction" title="(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction">(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(Sweet_Sweet_Baby)_Since_You%27ve_Been_Gone" title="(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone">(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Think_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Think (Aretha Franklin song)">Think</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Send_Me" title="You Send Me">You Send Me</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_House_That_Jack_Built_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="The House That Jack Built (Aretha Franklin song)">The House That Jack Built</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Say_a_Little_Prayer" title="I Say a Little Prayer">I Say a Little Prayer</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/See_Saw_(Don_Covay_song)" title="See Saw (Don Covay song)">See Saw</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Song_(Johnny_Ace_song)" title="My Song (Johnny Ace song)">My Song</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Weight" title="The Weight">The Weight</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tracks_of_My_Tears" title="The Tracks of My Tears">Tracks of My Tears</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_See_Myself_Leaving_You" title="I Can't See Myself Leaving You">I Can't See Myself Leaving You</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gentle_on_My_Mind" title="Gentle on My Mind">Gentle on My Mind</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Share_Your_Love_with_Me" title="Share Your Love with Me">Share Your Love with Me</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Rigby" title="Eleanor Rigby">Eleanor Rigby</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Call_Me_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Call Me (Aretha Franklin song)">Call Me</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Son_of_a_Preacher_Man" title="Son of a Preacher Man">Son of a Preacher Man</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Dark_(song)" title="Spirit in the Dark (song)">Spirit in the Dark</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Thrill_Is_Gone" title="The Thrill Is Gone">The Thrill Is Gone</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Play_That_Song_(You_Lied)" title="Don't Play That Song (You Lied)">Don't Play That Song</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Border_Song" title="Border Song">Border Song (Holy Moses)</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27re_All_I_Need_to_Get_By" title="You're All I Need to Get By">You're All I Need to Get By</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bridge_over_Troubled_Water_(song)" title="Bridge over Troubled Water (song)">Bridge over Troubled Water</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Harlem_(song)" title="Spanish Harlem (song)">Spanish Harlem</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rock_Steady_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Rock Steady (Aretha Franklin song)">Rock Steady</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Day_Dreaming_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Day Dreaming (Aretha Franklin song)">Day Dreaming</a>" (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Angel (Aretha Franklin song)">Angel</a>" (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Until_You_Come_Back_to_Me_(That%27s_What_I%27m_Gonna_Do)" title="Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)">Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)</a>" (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_in_Love_(Bobby_Womack_song)" title="I'm in Love (Bobby Womack song)">I'm in Love</a>" (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_Nothing_Like_the_Real_Thing" title="Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing">Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing</a>" (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Something_He_Can_Feel" title="Something He Can Feel">Something He Can Feel</a>" (1976)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Break_It_to_Me_Gently_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Break It to Me Gently (Aretha Franklin song)">Break It to Me Gently</a>" (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_a_Fool_Believes" title="What a Fool Believes">What a Fool Believes</a>" (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_My_Turn_(song)" title="It's My Turn (song)">It's My Turn</a>" (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jump_to_It_(song)" title="Jump to It (song)">Jump to It</a>" (1982)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_It_Right_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Get It Right (Aretha Franklin song)">Get It Right</a>" (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freeway_of_Love" title="Freeway of Love">Freeway of Love</a>" (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Zoomin%27_Who" title="Who's Zoomin' Who">Who's Zoomin' Who</a>" (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sisters_Are_Doin%27_It_for_Themselves" title="Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves">Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves</a>" (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jumpin%27_Jack_Flash" title="Jumpin' Jack Flash">Jumpin' Jack Flash</a>" (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lee_(song)" title="Jimmy Lee (song)">Jimmy Lee</a>" (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Knew_You_Were_Waiting_(For_Me)" title="I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)">I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)</a>" (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rock-A-Lott" title="Rock-A-Lott">Rock-A-Lott</a>" (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh_Happy_Day" title="Oh Happy Day">Oh Happy Day</a>" (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gimme_Your_Love" title="Gimme Your Love">Gimme Your Love</a>" (1989)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Through_the_Storm_(Aretha_Franklin_and_Elton_John_song)" title="Through the Storm (Aretha Franklin and Elton John song)">Through the Storm</a>" (1989)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Isn%27t,_It_Wasn%27t,_It_Ain%27t_Never_Gonna_Be" title="It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be">It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be</a>" (1989)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Everyday_People" title="Everyday People">Everyday People</a>" (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Someday_We%27ll_All_Be_Free" title="Someday We'll All Be Free">Someday We'll All Be Free</a>" (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Everchanging_Times" title="Everchanging Times">Ever Changing Times</a>" (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Deeper_Love" title="A Deeper Love">A Deeper Love</a>" (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Willing_to_Forgive" title="Willing to Forgive">Willing to Forgive</a>" (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Rose_Is_Still_a_Rose_(song)" title="A Rose Is Still a Rose (song)">A Rose Is Still a Rose</a>" (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Here_We_Go_Again_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Here We Go Again (Aretha Franklin song)">Here We Go Again</a>" (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Put_You_Up_on_Game" title="Put You Up on Game">Put You Up on Game</a>" (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angels_We_Have_Heard_on_High" title="Angels We Have Heard on High">Angels We Have Heard on High</a>" (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep" title="Rolling in the Deep">Rolling in the Deep (The Aretha Version)</a>" (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Aretha_Franklin" title="List of awards and nominations received by Aretha Franklin">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin_discography" title="Aretha Franklin discography">Discography</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wood_Beez_(Pray_Like_Aretha_Franklin)" title="Wood Beez (Pray Like Aretha Franklin)">Wood Beez (Pray Like Aretha Franklin)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Grace_(2018_film)" title="Amazing Grace (2018 film)">Amazing Grace</a> (2018 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(American_TV_series)" title="Genius (American TV series)">Genius</a> (2021 television series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_(2021_American_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Respect (2021 American film)">Respect</a> (2021 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_White_(manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ted White (manager)">Ted White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Aretha_Franklin" title="Category:Aretha Franklin">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_received_by_Aretha_Franklin164" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_received_by_Aretha_Franklin164" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Aretha_Franklin" title="List of awards and nominations received by Aretha Franklin">Awards received by Aretha Franklin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R&amp;B_Female_Artist60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R%26B_Female_Artist" title="Template:American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R%26B_Female_Artist" title="Template talk:American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R%26B_Female_Artist" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R&amp;B_Female_Artist60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R%26B_Female_Artist" title="American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist">American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> (1975)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Mills" title="Stephanie Mills">Stephanie Mills</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> (1983)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a> (1985)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Baker" title="Anita Baker">Anita Baker</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Baker" title="Anita Baker">Anita Baker</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_LaBelle" title="Patti LaBelle">Patti LaBelle</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Baker" title="Anita Baker">Anita Baker</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Braxton" title="Toni Braxton">Toni Braxton</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Braxton" title="Toni Braxton">Toni Braxton</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaliyah" title="Aaliyah">Aaliyah</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaliyah" title="Aaliyah">Aaliyah</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doja_Cat" title="Doja Cat">Doja Cat</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doja_Cat" title="Doja Cat">Doja Cat</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Legend_Award23" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Legend_Award" title="Template:Grammy Legend Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Legend_Award" title="Template talk:Grammy Legend Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Legend_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Legend Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Legend_Award23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Legend_Award" title="Grammy Legend Award">Grammy Legend Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/32nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="32nd Annual Grammy Awards">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (<a href="/wiki/33rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="33rd Annual Grammy Awards">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (<a href="/wiki/34th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="34th Annual Grammy Awards">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/35th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="35th Annual Grammy Awards">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (<a href="/wiki/36th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="36th Annual Grammy Awards">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a> (<a href="/wiki/40th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="40th Annual Grammy Awards">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> (<a href="/wiki/41st_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="41st Annual Grammy Awards">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a> (<a href="/wiki/45th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="45th Annual Grammy Awards">2003</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1963–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li></ul></li> <li>1967 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li></ul></li> <li>1968 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li></ul></li> <li>1972 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a></li></ul></li> <li>1987 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Casals" title="Pablo Casals">Pablo Casals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz" title="Jascha Heifetz">Jascha Heifetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaughan" title="Sarah Vaughan">Sarah Vaughan</a></li></ul></li> <li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Wells" title="Kitty Wells">Kitty Wells</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Waller" title="Fats Waller">Fats Waller</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rubinstein" title="Arthur Rubinstein">Arthur Rubinstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bland" title="Bobby Bland">Bobby "Blue" Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">The Everly Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Grappelli" title="Stéphane Grappelli">Stéphane Grappelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mills_Brothers" title="The Mills Brothers">The Mills Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Redding" title="Otis Redding">Otis Redding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a></li></ul></li> <li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney" title="Rosemary Clooney">Rosemary Clooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Funk_Brothers" title="The Funk Brothers">The Funk Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Jenkins" title="Ella Jenkins">Ella Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Carter_Family" title="Carter Family">Carter Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetop_Perkins" title="Pinetop Perkins">Pinetop Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Staple_Singers" title="The Staple Singers">The Staple Singers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._%26_the_M.G.%27s" title="Booker T. & the M.G.'s">Booker T. & the M.G.'s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornette_Coleman" title="Ornette Coleman">Ornette Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Boys_of_Alabama" title="The Blind Boys of Alabama">The Blind Boys of Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">The Four Tops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Lee" title="Brenda Lee">Brenda Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_%22Honeyboy%22_Edwards" title="David "Honeyboy" Edwards">David "Honeyboy" Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Haynes" title="Roy Haynes">Roy Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_String_Quartet" title="Juilliard String Quartet">Juilliard String Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">The Kingston Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Beverly_Shea" title="George Beverly Shea">George Beverly Shea</a></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Memphis_Horns" title="The Memphis Horns">The Memphis Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Gould" title="Glenn Gould">Glenn Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Haden" title="Charlie Haden">Charlie Haden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightnin%27_Hopkins" title="Lightnin' Hopkins">Lightnin' Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Chenier" title="Clifton Chenier">Clifton Chenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Manzanero" title="Armando Manzanero">Armando Manzanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Powell" title="Maud Powell">Maud Powell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaco_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Flaco Jiménez">Flaco Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Louvin_Brothers" title="The Louvin Brothers">The Louvin Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Brown" title="Ruth Brown">Ruth Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-DMC" title="Run-DMC">Run-DMC</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Pride" title="Charley Pride">Charley Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meters" title="The Meters">The Meters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament-Funkadelic" title="Parliament-Funkadelic">Parliament-Funkadelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donny_Hathaway" title="Donny Hathaway">Donny Hathaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_%26_Dave" title="Sam & Dave">Sam & Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy" title="Public Enemy">Public Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash_and_the_Furious_Five" title="Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five">Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa" title="Salt-N-Pepa">Salt-N-Pepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey" title="Ma Rainey">Ma Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slick_Rick" title="Slick Rick">Slick Rick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Wilson" title="Ann Wilson">Ann Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(rock_musician)" title="Nancy Wilson (rock musician)">Nancy Wilson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clark_Sisters" title="The Clark Sisters">The Clark Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N.W.A" title="N.W.A">N.W.A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a></li></ul></li> <li>2025 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Beverly" title="Frankie Beverly">Frankie Beverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">The Clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(singer)" title="Bobby Jones (singer)">Bobby Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal_(musician)" title="Taj Mahal (musician)">Taj Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxanne_Shante" title="Roxanne Shante">Roxanne Shante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Valli" title="Frankie Valli">Frankie Valli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1990s)444" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template talk:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1990s)444" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honorees</a> (1990s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%AB_Stevens" title="Risë Stevens">Risë Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayard_Nicholas" title="Fayard Nicholas">Fayard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Nicholas" title="Harold Nicholas">Harold Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Taylor_(choreographer)" title="Paul Taylor (choreographer)">Paul Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mitchell_(dancer)" title="Arthur Mitchell (dancer)">Arthur Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Sir Georg Solti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Williams" title="Marion Williams">Marion Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Amboise_(dancer)" title="Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)">Jacques d'Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villella" title="Edward Villella">Edward Villella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Borge" title="Victor Borge">Victor Borge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Jamison" title="Judith Jamison">Judith Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1970s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2020s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michigan_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame58" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michigan_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michigan_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michigan_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Michigan Women's Hall of Fame">Michigan Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980s58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harriette_Simpson_Arnow" title="Harriette Simpson Arnow">Harriette Simpson Arnow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Lorraine_Beebe" title="N. Lorraine Beebe">N. Lorraine Beebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Geraldine_Neale_Bledsoe" title="Mamie Geraldine Neale Bledsoe">Mamie Geraldine Neale Bledsoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Margaret_Chandler" title="Elizabeth Margaret Chandler">Elizabeth Margaret Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Stallings_Coleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Stallings Coleman">Mary Stallings Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_T._Donahue" title="Wilma T. Donahue">Wilma T. Donahue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Eldering" title="Grace Eldering">Grace Eldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Gomon" title="Josephine Gomon">Josephine Gomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha W. Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Haener" title="Dorothy Haener">Dorothy Haener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Smith_Haviland" title="Laura Smith Haviland">Laura Smith Haviland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Jeffrey" title="Mildred Jeffrey">Mildred Jeffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Kendrick" title="Pearl Kendrick">Pearl Kendrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_W._Milliken" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen W. Milliken">Helen W. Milliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucinda_Hinsdale_Stone" title="Lucinda Hinsdale Stone">Lucinda Hinsdale Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Allan" title="Virginia Allan">Virginia Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_J._Claytor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen J. Claytor (page does not exist)">Helen J. Claytor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bartlett_Crane" title="Caroline Bartlett Crane">Caroline Bartlett Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Angeli" title="Marguerite de Angeli">Marguerite de Angeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Genevieve_Gillette" title="Emma Genevieve Gillette">Emma Genevieve Gillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icie_Macy_Hoobler" class="mw-redirect" title="Icie Macy Hoobler">Icie Macy Hoobler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdelaine_Laframboise" title="Magdelaine Laframboise">Magdelaine Laframboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Longstreet" title="Martha Longstreet">Martha Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elly_M._Peterson" title="Elly M. Peterson">Elly M. Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Pharr_Slaton" title="Jessie Pharr Slaton">Jessie Pharr Slaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_C._Spencer" title="Mary C. Spencer">Mary C. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Van_Hoosen" title="Bertha Van Hoosen">Bertha Van Hoosen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Boyle" title="Patricia Boyle">Patricia Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_C._Crosby" title="Elizabeth C. Crosby">Elizabeth C. Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Frostic" title="Gwen Frostic">Gwen Frostic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmina_R._Lucke" title="Elmina R. Lucke">Elmina R. Lucke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Swank_Matthews" class="mw-redirect" title="Marjorie Swank Matthews">Marjorie Swank Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marjorie_Peebles-Meyers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marjorie Peebles-Meyers (page does not exist)">Marjorie Peebles-Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Chase_Perry_Stratton" title="Mary Chase Perry Stratton">Mary Chase Perry Stratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Thomas" title="Helen Thomas">Helen Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_Isabel_Barnhart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion Isabel Barnhart (page does not exist)">Marion Isabel Barnhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hill_Burnett" title="Patricia Hill Burnett">Patricia Hill Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Calhoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethel Calhoun (page does not exist)">Ethel Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Emery" title="Georgia Emery">Georgia Emery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Slade_Gragg" title="Rosa Slade Gragg">Rosa Slade Gragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Raven" title="Clara Raven">Clara Raven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louise_(Sally)_Langdon_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louise (Sally) Langdon Brown (page does not exist)">Louise (Sally) Langdon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelene_Crockett" title="Ethelene Crockett">Ethelene Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_J._Federbush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcia J. Federbush (page does not exist)">Marcia J. Federbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Alvord_Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Alvord Harris">Frances Alvord Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Jane_Kay_Nugent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Jane Kay Nugent (page does not exist)">M. Jane Kay Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Mary_Mansour" title="Agnes Mary Mansour">Agnes Mary Mansour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_M._Martin" title="Helen M. Martin">Helen M. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Goddard_Power" title="Sarah Goddard Power">Sarah Goddard Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Arthur" title="Clara Arthur">Clara Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sutherland_Bissell" title="Anna Sutherland Bissell">Anna Sutherland Bissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexa_Canady" title="Alexa Canady">Alexa Canady</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_R._Davidow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne R. Davidow (page does not exist)">Anne R. Davidow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadine_Newsom_Denning" title="Bernadine Newsom Denning">Bernadine Newsom Denning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Karle" title="Isabella Karle">Isabella Karle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Ledwith_King" title="Jean Ledwith King">Jean Ledwith King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Madar" title="Olga Madar">Olga Madar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Bryant" title="Mary Anne Bryant">Mary Anne Bryant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Helen_Butterfield" title="Emily Helen Butterfield">Emily Helen Butterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erma_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erma Henderson (page does not exist)">Erma Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Leonard_Judd" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothy Leonard Judd">Dorothy Leonard Judd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elba_Lila_Morse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elba Lila Morse (page does not exist)">Elba Lila Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_M._Richards" title="Fannie M. Richards">Fannie M. Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emelia_Christine_Schaub" title="Emelia Christine Schaub">Emelia Christine Schaub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_P._Sinclair" title="Mary P. Sinclair">Mary P. Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merze_Tate" title="Merze Tate">Merze Tate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delia_Villegas_Vorhauer" title="Delia Villegas Vorhauer">Delia Villegas Vorhauer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Andresen" title="Rachel Andresen">Rachel Andresen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beck" title="Mary Beck">Mary Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_BenDor" title="Jan BenDor">Jan BenDor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janet_K._Good&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janet K. Good (page does not exist)">Janet K. Good</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo_Jacobs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jo Jacobs (page does not exist)">Jo Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Cecile_Blomer_Nordby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Cecile Blomer Nordby (page does not exist)">Virginia Cecile Blomer Nordby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Comstock_Riley" title="Dorothy Comstock Riley">Dorothy Comstock Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Mays_Swanson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edith Mays Swanson (page does not exist)">Edith Mays Swanson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cora_Brown" title="Cora Brown">Cora Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lou_Butcher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Lou Butcher (page does not exist)">Mary Lou Butcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Emma_Edmonds" title="Sarah Emma Edmonds">Sarah Emma Edmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Temple_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Violet Temple Lewis">Violet Temple Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luise_Ruth_Leismer_Mahon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luise Ruth Leismer Mahon (page does not exist)">Luise Ruth Leismer Mahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilda_Radner" title="Gilda Radner">Gilda Radner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_Romayne_Seger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha Romayne Seger (page does not exist)">Martha Romayne Seger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_M._Shafer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann M. Shafer (page does not exist)">Ann M. Shafer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_M._Stoesser" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylvia M. Stoesser">Sylvia M. Stoesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Thurman" title="Lucy Thurman">Lucy Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleszetta_Waddles" title="Charleszetta Waddles">Charleszetta Waddles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Vosburgh_Alvord" title="Edith Vosburgh Alvord">Edith Vosburgh Alvord</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Carter_Blackwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catherine Carter Blackwell (page does not exist)">Catherine Carter Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_W._Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean W. Campbell (page does not exist)">Jean W. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Hill_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Hill Campbell (page does not exist)">Katherine Hill Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenna_F._Cooper" title="Lenna F. Cooper">Lenna Frances Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_A._Griffith" title="Roberta A. Griffith">Roberta A. Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bina_West_Miller" title="Bina West Miller">Bina West Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Omelenchuk" title="Jeanne Omelenchuk">Jeanne Omelenchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sippie_Wallace" title="Sippie Wallace">Sippie Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Noble_White" title="Edna Noble White">Edna Noble White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Clark_Woodman" title="Irene Clark Woodman">Irene Clark Woodman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Therese_Guyon_Cadillac" title="Marie-Therese Guyon Cadillac">Marie-Therese Guyon Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Carlton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth Carlton (page does not exist)">Ruth Carlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Cohen" title="Flossie Cohen">Flossie Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertha_A._Daubendiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertha A. Daubendiek (page does not exist)">Bertha A. Daubendiek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genora_Johnson_Dollinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genora Johnson Dollinger (page does not exist)">Genora Johnson Dollinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Hommel" title="Flora Hommel">Flora Hommel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Van_Hoosen_Jones" title="Sarah Van Hoosen Jones">Sarah Van Hoosen Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleda_E._Lutz" title="Aleda E. Lutz">Aleda E. Lutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Walker_McAndrew" title="Helen Walker McAndrew">Helen Walker McAndrew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yolanda_Alvarado-Ortega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yolanda Alvarado-Ortega (page does not exist)">Yolanda Alvarado-Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irene_Auberlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irene Auberlin (page does not exist)">Irene Auberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilda_R._Gage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilda R. Gage (page does not exist)">Hilda R. Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucia_Voorhees_Grimes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucia Voorhees Grimes (page does not exist)">Lucia Voorhees Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Louise_Grooms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Louise Grooms (page does not exist)">R. Louise Grooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa_Komer" title="Odessa Komer">Odessa Komer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Freele_Osborn" title="Laura Freele Osborn">Laura Freele Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacquelin_E._Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacquelin E. Washington (page does not exist)">Jacquelin E. Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrie_Frazier_Rogers-Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carrie Frazier Rogers-Brown (page does not exist)">Carrie Frazier Rogers-Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Clemenc" title="Anna Clemenc">Anna Clemenc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waunetta_McClellan_Dominic" title="Waunetta McClellan Dominic">Waunetta McClellan Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Muth_Laurence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Muth Laurence (page does not exist)">Margaret Muth Laurence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudia_House_Morcom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudia House Morcom (page does not exist)">Claudia House Morcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Graves_Reyneau" title="Betsy Graves Reyneau">Betsy Graves Reyneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_E._Schwartz" title="Shirley E. Schwartz">Shirley E. Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Luedders_Wolfe" title="Joan Luedders Wolfe">Joan Luedders Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Burstyn" title="Ellen Burstyn">Ellen Burstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Corwell-Shertzer" title="Marion Corwell-Shertzer">Marion Corwell-Shertzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Sisters_of_Charity" title="Four Sisters of Charity">Four Sisters of Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Della_McGraw_Goodwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Della McGraw Goodwin (page does not exist)">Della McGraw Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Harkness_Love" title="Nancy Harkness Love">Nancy Harkness Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryann_Mahaffey" title="Maryann Mahaffey">Maryann Mahaffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Sutton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharon Sutton">Sharon E. Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Dodge_Wilson" title="Matilda Dodge Wilson">Matilda Dodge Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Binsfeld" title="Connie Binsfeld">Connie Binsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilda_Patricia_Curran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilda Patricia Curran (page does not exist)">Hilda Patricia Curran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Dye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Dye (page does not exist)">Marie Dye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Josaitis" title="Eleanor Josaitis">Eleanor Josaitis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorrie_Ellen_Rosenblatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorrie Ellen Rosenblatt (page does not exist)">Dorrie Ellen Rosenblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ella_Merriman_Sharp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ella Merriman Sharp (page does not exist)">Ella Merriman Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Jean_Steinberg" title="Martha Jean Steinberg">Martha Jean Steinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Thompson" title="Ruth Thompson">Ruth Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Beeman" title="Patricia Beeman">Patricia Beeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Brown" title="Olympia Brown">Olympia Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_DeDeckere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doris DeDeckere (page does not exist)">Doris DeDeckere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Drake_Elliott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Drake Elliott (page does not exist)">Margaret Drake Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Homer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Homer (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonore_Hutzel" title="Eleonore Hutzel">Eleonore Hutzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Eaton_Kellogg" title="Ella Eaton Kellogg">Ella Eaton Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Burton_Ketcham" title="Emily Burton Ketcham">Emily Burton Ketcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardeth_Platte" title="Ardeth Platte">Ardeth Platte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loney_Gordon" title="Loney Gordon">Loney Clinton Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_G._Heideman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine G. Heideman (page does not exist)">Katherine G. Heideman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dauris_Gwendolyn_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dauris Gwendolyn Jackson (page does not exist)">Dauris Gwendolyn Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Groefsema_Kennedy" title="Cornelia Groefsema Kennedy">Cornelia Groefsema Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_J._Lansing" class="mw-redirect" title="Marjorie J. Lansing">Marjorie J. Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuan-Pu_Lee" title="Chuan-Pu Lee">Chuan-Pu Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marilyn_Fisher_Lundy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marilyn Fisher Lundy (page does not exist)">Marilyn Fisher Lundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Dexter_McCormick" class="mw-redirect" title="Katharine Dexter McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_N._Straus" title="Kathleen N. Straus">Kathleen N. Straus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarissa_M._Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarissa M. Young (page does not exist)">Clarissa M. Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cora_Reynolds_Anderson" title="Cora Reynolds Anderson">Cora Reynolds Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucile_E._Belen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucile E. Belen (page does not exist)">Lucile E. Belen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Maxis_Duchemin" title="Theresa Maxis Duchemin">Theresa Maxis Duchemin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francie_Kraker_Goodridge" title="Francie Kraker Goodridge">Francie Kraker Goodridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Bayoff_Ilitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian Bayoff Ilitch">Marian Bayoff Ilitch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Ellen_Riordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Ellen Riordan (page does not exist)">Mary Ellen Riordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joesphine_Stern_Weiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joesphine Stern Weiner (page does not exist)">Joesphine Stern Weiner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hortense_Canady" title="Hortense Canady">Hortense Golden Canady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Wheelock_Freeman" title="Julia Wheelock Freeman">Julia Wheelock Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Mellen_Genser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillian Mellen Genser (page does not exist)">Lillian Mellen Genser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Stocking_Knaggs" title="May Stocking Knaggs">May Stocking Knaggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Long_Madgett" title="Naomi Long Madgett">Naomi Long Madgett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_H._McCollough" title="Lucille H. McCollough">Lucille Hanna McCollough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lana_Pollack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lana Pollack (page does not exist)">Lana Pollack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Louise_Rayne" title="Martha Louise Rayne">Martha Louise Rayne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muriel_Dorothy_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muriel Dorothy Ross (page does not exist)">Muriel Dorothy Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Agnes_Blair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Agnes Blair (page does not exist)">Mary Agnes Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verne_Burbridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verne Burbridge (page does not exist)">Verne Burbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nellie_Cuellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nellie Cuellar (page does not exist)">Nellie Cuellar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Scanlan_Kocel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Scanlan Kocel (page does not exist)">Alice Scanlan Kocel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joyce_Lewis_Kornbluh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joyce Lewis Kornbluh (page does not exist)">Joyce Lewis Kornbluh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Seaman_Leggett" title="Eliza Seaman Leggett">Eliza Seaman Leggett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ida_Lippman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ida Lippman (page does not exist)">Ida Lippman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Weyant_Ruth" title="Marion Weyant Ruth">Marion Weyant Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Steadman" title="Bernice Steadman">Bernice Steadman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamela_Withrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamela Withrow (page does not exist)">Pamela Withrow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Zweifler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth Zweifler (page does not exist)">Ruth Zweifler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geraldine_Bledsoe_Ford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geraldine Bledsoe Ford (page does not exist)">Geraldine Bledsoe Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Mulhern_Granholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Mulhern Granholm">Jennifer Mulhern Granholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lystra_Gretter" title="Lystra Gretter">Lystra Gretter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florine_Mark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florine Mark (page does not exist)">Florine Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathy_McClelland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathy McClelland (page does not exist)">Cathy McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Mayfield_Rourke" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance Mayfield Rourke">Constance Mayfield Rourke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chiara" title="Margaret Chiara">Margaret Chiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Lois_Evans" title="Eva Lois Evans">Eva Lois Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_A._Lewis_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia A. Lewis Johnson (page does not exist)">Georgia A. Lewis Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lida_Holmes_Mattman" title="Lida Holmes Mattman">Lida Holmes Mattman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Maynard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivia Maynard (page does not exist)">Olivia Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Deborah Stabenow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Thrun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caroline Thrun (page does not exist)">Caroline Thrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sellers_Walker" title="Margaret Sellers Walker">Margaret Sellers Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Weaver" title="Elizabeth Weaver">Elizabeth Weaver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_Yao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynthia Yao (page does not exist)">Cynthia Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Esther_Daddazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Esther Daddazio (page does not exist)">Mary Esther Daddazio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margery_Feliksa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margery Feliksa (page does not exist)">Margery Feliksa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Hammond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Hammond (page does not exist)">Nancy Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Liuzzo" title="Viola Liuzzo">Viola Liuzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marge_Piercy" title="Marge Piercy">Marge Piercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Hall_Stockman" title="Dora Hall Stockman">Dora Hall Stockman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Strickland_Clark" title="Martha Strickland Clark">Martha Strickland Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hornbeck_Tanner" title="Helen Hornbeck Tanner">Helen Hornbeck Tanner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brown_(Michigan_politician)" title="Mary Brown (Michigan politician)">Mary Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Buck" title="Gertrude Buck">Gertrude Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Cole" title="Emma Cole">Emma Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haifa_Fakhouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haifa Fakhouri (page does not exist)">Haifa Fakhouri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Geisel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Geisel (page does not exist)">Carolyn Geisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Briggs_Hart" title="Jane Briggs Hart">Jane Briggs Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Rogers" title="Abigail Rogers">Abigail Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_Wilbur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen Wilbur (page does not exist)">Kathleen Wilbur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woman%27s_Hospital_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woman's Hospital Association (page does not exist)">Woman's Hospital Association</a> (charter members)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Atkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Atkins (page does not exist)">Carol Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Cuza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Cuza (page does not exist)">Patricia Cuza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_King_(Michigan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol King (Michigan) (page does not exist)">Carol King</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicki_Neiberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicki Neiberg (page does not exist)">Vicki Neiberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Johnston_Schoolcraft" title="Jane Johnston Schoolcraft">Jane Johnston Schoolcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leta_Snow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leta Snow (page does not exist)">Leta Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sister_Mary_Francilene_Van_de_Vyver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sister Mary Francilene Van de Vyver (page does not exist)">Sister Mary Francilene Van de Vyver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Atkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Atkins (page does not exist)">Carol Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Lee_Boggs" title="Grace Lee Boggs">Grace Lee Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bailey_Chandler" title="Margaret Bailey Chandler">Margaret Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Ellis_(activist)" title="Ruth Ellis (activist)">Ruth Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Ferber" title="Edna Ferber">Edna Ferber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Lappan" title="Glenda Lappan">Glenda Lappan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kay_Givens_McGowan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kay Givens McGowan (page does not exist)">Kay Givens McGowan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Phillips_(educator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Phillips (educator) (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Rickert" title="Jessica Rickert">Jessica Rickert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betty_Tableman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betty Tableman (page does not exist)">Betty Tableman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlo_Thomas" title="Marlo Thomas">Marlo Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Aikey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Aikey (page does not exist)">Mary Aikey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_Carter_Callow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Carter Callow (page does not exist)">Laura Carter Callow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Jane_Chapin" title="Augusta Jane Chapin">Augusta Jane Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Laser_Draggoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra Laser Draggoo (page does not exist)">Sandra Laser Draggoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Etheridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Annie Etheridge">Annie Etheridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherrill_Freeborough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherrill Freeborough (page does not exist)">Sherrill Freeborough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorean_Marguerite_Hurley_Koenig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorean Marguerite Hurley Koenig (page does not exist)">Dorean Marguerite Hurley Koenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McMillan" title="Terry McMillan">Terry McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Munger" title="Edith Munger">Edith Munger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_J._Pasky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynthia J. Pasky (page does not exist)">Cynthia J. Pasky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lois_A._Bader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lois A. Bader (page does not exist)">Lois A. Bader</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jumana_Judeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jumana Judeh (page does not exist)">Jumana Judeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Jean_Kelly" title="Marilyn Jean Kelly">Marilyn Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeria_Lipczynski" title="Valeria Lipczynski">Valeria Lipczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edelmira_Lopez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edelmira Lopez (page does not exist)">Edelmira Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kary_Moss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kary Moss (page does not exist)">Kary Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mary_Robinson" title="Rose Mary Robinson">Rose Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Saunders" title="Tricia Saunders">Tricia Saunders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Beckwith" title="Gladys Beckwith">Gladys Beckwith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Caruso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Caruso (page does not exist)">Patricia Caruso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Dockeray" title="Mary Jane Dockeray">Mary Jane Dockeray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Karandjeff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith Karandjeff (page does not exist)">Judith Karandjeff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Meres_et_Debutantes_Club_of_Greater_Lansing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Meres et Debutantes Club of Greater Lansing (page does not exist)">Les Meres et Debutantes Club of Greater Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Anna_Ballard" title="L. Anna Ballard">L. Anna Ballard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_McCall_Hamilton" title="Eva McCall Hamilton">Eva McCall Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_E._McCoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary E. McCoy">Mary E. McCoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_W._Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth W. Bauer (page does not exist)">Elizabeth W. Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Levin_Cantor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith Levin Cantor (page does not exist)">Judith Levin Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paula_Cunningham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paula Cunningham (page does not exist)">Paula Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Jackson_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Jackson Johnson (page does not exist)">Joan Jackson Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gladys_McKenney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gladys McKenney (page does not exist)">Gladys McKenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_von_Neumann_Whitman" title="Marina von Neumann Whitman">Marina von Neumann Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Con-Con_Eleven" title="Con-Con Eleven">Con-Con Eleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Eaglesfield" title="Elizabeth Eaglesfield">Elizabeth Eaglesfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Quimby" title="Harriet Quimby">Harriet Quimby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Lehman_Belen" title="Elizabeth Lehman Belen">Elizabeth Lehman Belen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MaryLee_Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MaryLee Davis (page does not exist)">MaryLee Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Findlater" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeanne Findlater">Jeanne Findlater</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_A._Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy A. Johnson (page does not exist)">Dorothy A. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Carmelita_Manning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Carmelita Manning (page does not exist)">Mary Carmelita Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Roberts_Mason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Roberts Mason (page does not exist)">Barbara Roberts Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marylou_Olivarez_Mason" title="Marylou Olivarez Mason">Marylou Olivarez Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andra_M._Rush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andra M. Rush (page does not exist)">Andra M. Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Sheets" title="Mary Ellen Sheets">Mary Ellen Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Farrier_Stickel" title="Lucille Farrier Stickel">Lucille Farrier Stickel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Benson" title="Jocelyn Benson">Jocelyn Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Berman" title="Maxine Berman">Maxine Berman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sue_Carter_(Michigan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sue Carter (Michigan) (page does not exist)">Sue Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janet_C._Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janet C. Cooper (page does not exist)">Janet C. Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_White_Holmes" title="Mabel White Holmes">Mabel White Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candice_Miller" title="Candice Miller">Candice Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_K._Shapiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esther K. Shapiro (page does not exist)">Esther K. Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maggie_Walz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maggie Walz (page does not exist)">Maggie Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Wolfgang" title="Myra Wolfgang">Myra Wolfgang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_M._Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda M. Woods (page does not exist)">Linda M. Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Sparks_Adams" title="Elizabeth Sparks Adams">Elizabeth Sparks Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anan_Ameri" title="Anan Ameri">Anan Ameri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Elliott" title="Daisy Elliott">Daisy Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Fowler" title="Faith Fowler">Faith Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evelyn_Golden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evelyn Golden (page does not exist)">Evelyn Golden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Letts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivia Letts (page does not exist)">Olivia Letts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Free_Bed_Guild" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Free Bed Guild">Mary Free Bed Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Anna_Kimsey_Simon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lou Anna Kimsey Simon">Lou Anna Kimsey Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Wilson_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlotte Wilson (artist) (page does not exist)">Charlotte Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Legion_NUWARINE_Post_535&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Legion NUWARINE Post 535 (page does not exist)">American Legion NUWARINE Post 535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Mae_Backus" title="Ella Mae Backus">Ella Mae Backus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Bryant_Ford" title="Clara Bryant Ford">Clara Bryant Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisette_Denison_Forth" title="Lisette Denison Forth">Lisette Denison Forth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kay_Henry" title="Mary Kay Henry">Mary Kay Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verna_Grahek_Mize" title="Verna Grahek Mize">Verna Grahek Mize</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernice_Morton_(Michigan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernice Morton (Michigan) (page does not exist)">Bernice Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_the_Riveter" title="Rosie the Riveter">Rosie the Riveter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosemary_C._Sarri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosemary C. Sarri (page does not exist)">Rosemary C. Sarri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Wetzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Wetzel (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Wetzel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_Biddle" title="Agatha Biddle">Agatha Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Hanna-Attisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mona Hanna-Attisha">Mona Hanna-Attisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Stanton_Jones" title="Clara Stanton Jones">Clara Stanton Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_K._Wilson" title="Angela K. Wilson">Angela K. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kym_L._Worthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kym L. Worthy">Kym L. Worthy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Kirchner_Stevenson" title="Margaret Kirchner Stevenson">Margaret Kirchner Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucile_A._Watts" title="Lucile A. Watts">Lucile A. Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha Baldwin (page does not exist)">Martha Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilda_Z._Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilda Z. Jacobs">Gilda Z. Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernice_Davis_Anthony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernice Davis Anthony (page does not exist)">Vernice Davis Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Blackhawk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terry Blackhawk (page does not exist)">Terry Blackhawk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najah_Bazzy" title="Najah Bazzy">Najah Bazzy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Jackson_(Michigan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Jackson (Michigan) (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Jackson (Michigan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Price" title="Glenda Price">Glenda Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Teichner" title="Martha Teichner">Martha Teichner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Ruth_Westbrook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlas Ruth Westbrook (page does not exist)">Atlas Ruth Westbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Zehnder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Zehnder (page does not exist)">Dorothy Zehnder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Brewer" title="Rosalind Brewer">Rosalind Brewer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debra_White-Hunt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debra White-Hunt (page does not exist)">Debra White-Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Neuenfelt" title="Lila Neuenfelt">Lila Neuenfelt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fannie_B._Peck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fannie B. Peck (page does not exist)">Fannie B. Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Elizabeth_Ray" title="Sarah Elizabeth Ray">Sarah Elizabeth Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Sieger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Sieger (page does not exist)">Diana Sieger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Gordy_Edwards" title="Esther Gordy Edwards">Esther Gordy Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Hutchins" title="Carol Hutchins">Carol Hutchins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Kramer_(Michigan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Kramer (Michigan) (page does not exist)">Mary Kramer (Michigan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Locke_Petermann" title="Mary Locke Petermann">Mary Locke Petermann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danielle_Camille_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danielle Camille Woods (page does not exist)">Danielle Camille Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer">Gretchen Whitmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denise_Langford_Morris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denise Langford Morris (page does not exist)">Denise Langford Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Rossman_McKinney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelly Rossman McKinney (page does not exist)">Kelly Rossman McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traverse_City_Ladies_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traverse City Ladies Association (page does not exist)">Traverse City Ladies Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MusiCares_Person_of_the_Year32" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #cedff2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MusiCares_Person_of_the_Year" title="Template:MusiCares Person of the Year"><abbr title="View this 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(1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Henley" title="Don Henley">Don Henley</a> (2007)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty" title="Tom Petty">Tom Petty</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_Gordy" title="Berry Gordy">Berry Gordy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Bon_Jovi" title="Jon Bon Jovi">Jon Bon Jovi</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAACP_Image_Award_–_Hall_of_Fame_Award44" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Template:NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Template talk:NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAACP_Image_Award_–_Hall_of_Fame_Award44" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award">NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parks" title="Gordon Parks">Gordon Parks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Hunter" title="Alberta Hunter">Alberta Hunter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Rolle" title="Esther Rolle">Esther Rolle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linda_Hopkins" title="Linda Hopkins">Linda Hopkins</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">Four Tops</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_O%27Jays" title="The O'Jays">The O'Jays</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Dells" title="The Dells">The Dells</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_McRae" title="Carmen McRae">Carmen McRae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Butler" title="Jerry Butler">Jerry Butler</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> (1996)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(jazz_singer)" title="Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)">Nancy Wilson</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Battle" title="Kathleen Battle">Kathleen Battle</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Avant" title="Clarence Avant">Clarence Avant</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Female_Artist81" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Female_Artist" title="Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Female Artist"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Female_Artist" title="Template talk:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Female Artist"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Female_Artist" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Female Artist"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Female_Artist81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Female_Artist" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Female Artist">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Female Artist</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Baker" title="Anita Baker">Anita Baker</a> (1985)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Mills" title="Stephanie Mills">Stephanie Mills</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Baker" title="Anita Baker">Anita Baker</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Williams" title="Vanessa Williams">Vanessa Williams</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Braxton" title="Toni Braxton">Toni Braxton</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erykah_Badu" title="Erykah Badu">Erykah Badu</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Adams" title="Yolanda Adams">Yolanda Adams</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaliyah" title="Aaliyah">Aaliyah</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Arie" title="India Arie">India Arie</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_Barrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia Barrino">Fantasia</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Scott_(singer)" title="Jill Scott (singer)">Jill Scott</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Scott_(singer)" title="Jill Scott (singer)">Jill Scott</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazmine_Sullivan" title="Jazmine Sullivan">Jazmine Sullivan</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1990s)420" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1990s)420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (1990s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns" title="Jasper Johns">Jasper Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Lawrence" title="Jacob Lawrence">Jacob Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">Riley "B.B." King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_Kreeger" title="David Lloyd Kreeger">David Lloyd Kreeger</a></li> <li>Harris & Carroll Sterling Masterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McHarg" title="Ian McHarg">Ian McHarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BellSouth" title="BellSouth">Southeastern Bell Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Abravanel" title="Maurice Abravanel">Maurice Abravanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Belluschi" title="Pietro Belluschi">Pietro Belluschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Brown_III" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carter Brown III">John Carter Brown III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_%22Honi%22_Coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles "Honi" Coles">Charles "Honi" Coles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosby_(conductor)" title="John Crosby (conductor)">John Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Diebenkorn" title="Richard Diebenkorn">Richard Diebenkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Philip_Hanes" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Philip Hanes">R. Philip Hanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Carlisle" title="Kitty Carlisle">Kitty Carlisle Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Primus" title="Pearl Primus">Pearl Primus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Houser" title="Allan Houser">Allan Houser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Pearl" title="Minnie Pearl">Minnie Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Saudek" title="Robert Saudek">Robert Saudek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Taylor" title="Billy Taylor">Billy Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Venturi" title="Robert Venturi">Robert Venturi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denise_Scott_Brown" title="Denise Scott Brown">Denise Scott Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Acheson_Wallace" title="Lila Acheson Wallace">Lila Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Walter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonore_Annenberg" title="Leonore Annenberg">Leonore Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cabell "Cab" Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess Lomax Hawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kunitz" title="Stanley Kunitz">Stanley Kunitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Merrill" title="Robert Merrill">Robert Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Richards" title="Lloyd Richards">Lloyd Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Taylor_(choreographer)" title="Paul Taylor (choreographer)">Paul Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_DeLay" title="Dorothy DeLay">Dorothy DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erick_Hawkins" title="Erick Hawkins">Erick Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Thiebaud" title="Wayne Thiebaud">Wayne Thiebaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wilbur" title="Richard Wilbur">Richard Wilbur</a></li> <li>Young Audiences</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licia_Albanese" title="Licia Albanese">Licia Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gerald_Cantor" title="B. Gerald Cantor">B. Gerald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iris_Cantor" title="Iris Cantor">Iris Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Diamond_(composer)" title="David Diamond (composer)">David Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ingo_Freed" title="James Ingo Freed">James Ingo Freed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mitchell_(dancer)" title="Arthur Mitchell (dancer)">Arthur Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li>Urban Gateways</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Caldwell" title="Sarah Caldwell">Sarah Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Callahan_(photographer)" title="Harry Callahan (photographer)">Harry Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelda_Fichandler" title="Zelda Fichandler">Zelda Fichandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalo_Guerrero" title="Lalo Guerrero">Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Lewitzky" title="Bella Lewitzky">Bella Lewitzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Vera List">Vera List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sendak" title="Maurice Sendak">Maurice Sendak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys_Choir_of_Harlem" title="Boys Choir of Harlem">Boys Choir of Harlem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Carter" title="Betty Carter">Betty Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Gund" title="Agnes Gund">Agnes Gund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Kiley" title="Dan Kiley">Daniel Urban Kiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villella" title="Edward Villella">Edward Villella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDowell_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDowell Colony">MacDowell Colony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Amboise_(dancer)" title="Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)">Jacques d'Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Antoine "Fats" Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Handman" title="Barbara Handman">Barbara Handman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Martin" title="Agnes Martin">Agnes Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Peters" title="Roberta Peters">Roberta Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation" title="Sara Lee Corporation">Sara Lee Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_Theatre_Company" title="Steppenwolf Theatre Company">Steppenwolf Theatre Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Verdon" title="Gwen Verdon">Gwen Verdon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Diamond" title="Irene Diamond">Irene Diamond</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graves" title="Michael Graves">Michael Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odetta" title="Odetta">Odetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_LeNoire" title="Rosetta LeNoire">Rosetta LeNoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Lichtenstein" title="Harvey Lichtenstein">Harvey Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Mendoza" title="Lydia Mendoza">Lydia Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Segal_(artist)" title="George Segal (artist)">George Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards166" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Template:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards166" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_I._Cobb" title="Frank I. Cobb">Frank I. Cobb</a>* (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Dapping" title="William O. Dapping">William O. Dapping</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Journal" title="Edmonton Journal">Edmonton Journal</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Price" title="Byron Price">Byron Price</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Leo_Sulzberger_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Leo Sulzberger II">Cyrus L. Sulzberger</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Krock" title="Arthur Krock">Arthur Krock</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kase" title="Max Kase">Max Kase</a>/<a href="/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star" title="The Kansas City Star">The Kansas City Star</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannett_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett Company">Gannett Newspapers</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lee_Strout" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Lee Strout">Richard Lee Strout</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Caen" title="Herb Caen">Herb Caen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette" title="Capital Gazette">Capital Gazette</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a> (2020, posthumous)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Love Songs by <a href="/wiki/Sara_Teasdale" title="Sara Teasdale">Sara Teasdale</a> (1918)</li> <li>Corn Huskers by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>/Old Road to Paradise by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Widdemer" title="Margaret Widdemer">Margaret Widdemer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Roberts_(author)" title="Kenneth Roberts (author)">Kenneth Roberts</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Defeat_of_the_Spanish_Armada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Defeat of the Spanish Armada">The Defeat of the Spanish Armada</a> by <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Mattingly" title="Garrett Mattingly">Garrett Mattingly</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Heritage_Picture_History_of_the_Civil_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War (page does not exist)">American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War</a> (1961)</li> <li>George Washington, Vols. I-IV by <a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Flexner" title="James Thomas Flexner">James Thomas Flexner</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots:_The_Saga_of_an_American_Family" title="Roots: The Saga of an American Family">Roots</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Haley" title="Alex Haley">Alex Haley</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.B._White" class="mw-redirect" title="E.B. White">E.B. White</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Theodor Seuss Geisel</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a> for <a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_S._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund S. Morgan">Edmund S. Morgan</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>. A special award for <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma (musical)">Oklahoma!</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sessions" title="Roger Sessions">Roger Sessions</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a> (2010)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_White" title="William Allen White">William Allen White</a>* (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism">Graduate School of Journalism</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_D._Fackenthal" title="Frank D. Fackenthal">Frank D. Fackenthal</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hohenberg" title="John Hohenberg">John Hohenberg</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.">Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* indicates award given to widow in year after his death</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1987162" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1987_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:1987 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1987_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:1987 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1987_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1987 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1987162" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 1987</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Coasters" title="The Coasters">The Coasters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gardner" title="Carl Gardner">Carl Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Gunter" title="Cornell Gunter">Cornell Gunter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Guy" title="Billy Guy">Billy Guy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dub_Jones_(singer)" title="Dub Jones (singer)">Dub Jones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cochran" title="Eddie Cochran">Eddie Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haley" title="Bill Haley">Bill Haley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_McPhatter" title="Clyde McPhatter">Clyde McPhatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Nelson" title="Ricky Nelson">Ricky Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Joe_Turner" title="Big Joe Turner">Big Joe Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Wilson" title="Jackie Wilson">Jackie Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Bone_Walker" title="T-Bone Walker">T-Bone Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Chess" title="Leonard Chess">Leonard Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Ertegun" title="Ahmet Ertegun">Ahmet Ertegun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Leiber_and_Mike_Stoller" title="Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller">Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Wexler" title="Jerry Wexler">Jerry Wexler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125121#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114476112">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/71577926">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/134746/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgmK8BF6gtwFDg4JcxhpP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118967622">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84028907">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13894129s">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13894129s">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001226753">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V264461">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35985429">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20020429008&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX875896">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071167153">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/56662">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000071506&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000414885&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018A3273">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/nl037st6321rf50">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810687529505606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007605412405171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000185302">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058616373906706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13586271?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500474051">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/2f9ecbed-27be-40e6-abca-6de49d50299e">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/47846">Museum of Modern Art</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/aretha-franklin/11503">Grammy Awards</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emmys.com/bios/aretha-franklin">Emmy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1173554">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118967622.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/NGcKyFuBb">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118967622">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/087931591">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zd8rzb">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66m7kh9">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aretha_Franklin&oldid=1275720667">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aretha_Franklin&oldid=1275720667</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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