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class="col-sm-8"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Juan Bautista Arriaza y Superviela</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/8064/juan-bautista-arriaza-y-superviela" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"><p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Arriaza y Superviela, Juan Bautista</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">. Madrid, 27.II.1770 – 22.I.1837. Diplomático y literato.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Hijo de Antonio José Arriaza y Orejón (nacido en Madrid, en 1728), coronel y primer teniente del Regimiento de Reales Guardias de Infantería Española, y de Teresa Superviela y Letreri (nacida en Madrid, en 1739), azafata del príncipe de Asturias.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Juan Bautista Arriaza cursó sus primeros estudios en el colegio de escolapios de Lavapiés y en el Seminario de Nobles en Madrid. En 1782 sentó plaza de cadete del Real Cuerpo de Artillería en el colegio de Segovia y en 1787 pasó de guardiamarina a la escuela naval del Departamento de Cartagena. Alférez de fragata el 16 de marzo de 1790, estuvo en los sitios de Toulon y Rosas. Alférez de navío el 25 de enero de 1794, le aquejó una larga enfermedad que le causó una miopía incurable. Tras varias licencias —una de ellas en Francia en 1797—, fue ascendido a teniente de fragata el 30 de enero de 1798, dos días antes de conseguir su jubilación. De esta época datan sus primeros trabajos literarios, en los que no escasean sus halagos a Godoy. Gracias al apoyo de tan potente valedor, fue nombrado agregado en la embajada española de Londres. A consecuencia de la ruptura de las relaciones hispano-inglesas, abandonó Inglaterra el 22 de enero de 1805 y, después de unas semanas en Holanda, pasó con licencia a París, donde permaneció varios meses (entre marzo de 1805 y marzo de 1806) antes de regresar a España.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En el momento de la invasión francesa, dejó Madrid para ir a Sevilla, donde recobró su anterior empleo (4 de mayo de 1810), marchando luego a Londres en julio de 1810. Un año más tarde se le autorizó a volver a Cádiz (14 de agosto de 1811) y se le designó como oficial sexto de la primera Secretaría de Estado el 17 de septiembre de 1812. Durante todo ese período manifestó una adhesión inquebrantable a Fernando VII y al absolutismo y una continua oposición a las Cortes de Cádiz. Al regreso del Rey obtuvo una Cruz de la Orden de Carlos III (8 de julio de 1814) y un Sillón de académico en la Real Academia Española (24 de noviembre). Llegado a oficial segundo de la primera Secretaría, presentó su dimisión el 2 de febrero de 1818, siendo premiado con el puesto de mayordomo de semana del Rey el 15 de abril de 1818. Escritor fecundo, poeta de Corte, portavoz casi oficial del absolutismo, quedó marginado durante la etapa del Trienio Constitucional, después de la cual no recobró su anterior actividad.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">El 24 de mayo de 1824 ingresó en la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. También era académico de honor de la de San Carlos en Valencia y de la de Buenas Letras de Sevilla.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">La obra de Arriaza se reparte entre varios géneros poéticos: lírico, patriótico, polémico, satírico, cortesano.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Muchas piezas son de circunstancia: </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Oda al combate del Cabo Trafalgar, El Dos de Mayo </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">o </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El Himno de la victoria, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">entre otras. Todas, sin embargo, se inspiran en el mismo culto a la Monarquía absoluta y a sus principios, y es considerado “el testimonio de una actitud, de un comportamiento representativo de su debilidad por el sistema fernandino” (Zamora Vicente, 1999: 165).</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Había casado en 1816 con Paula Arriaza y Mosterín (1797-1865), hija de su hermano mayor Francisco, nacido en Barcelona, y de Manuela Mosterín y Rufín, natural de El Ferrol. De su matrimonio, Juan Bautista tuvo cinco hijos: José (1820-1830), Matilde (1824), Felicia (1825-1865), Luis (1828) y Juan Bautista (1830).</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Obras de ~: </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Ensayos poéticos, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Palma de Mallorca, Miguel Domingo, 1811; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Poesías líricas de D. Juan Bautista Arriaza, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Imprenta Real, 1829, 2 vols.; [“Poemas”] en L. A. Cueto, marqués de Valmar (ed.), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Poetas líricos del siglo xviii, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">t. 3, Madrid, Atlas, 1953 (Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, vol. 67); [“Bibliografía completa”] en F. Aguilar Piñal, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo xviii, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">t. 1, Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1981, págs. 407-415.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fuentes y bibl.: Archivo Histórico Nacional, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Estado, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Orden de Carlos III, exp. 670; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Hacienda, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">leg. 5178/2. </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">L. Cueto, Marqués de Valmar, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Historia crítica de la poesía castellana en el siglo xviii, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">t. 3, Madrid, Sucesores de Rivadeneira, 1893; F. Marcos Álvarez, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Juan Bautista de Arriaza y Superviela, marino, poeta y diplomático (1770-1837), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Instituto de Estudios Madrileños, 1977; J. Álvarez Barrientos, “Arriaza y Superviela, Juan Bautista de”, en R. Gullón (dir.), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diccionario de Literatura Española e Hispanoamericana, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1993, pág. 99; D. Ozanam, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Les diplomates espagnols du xviiie siècle, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid-Bordeaux, Casa de Velázquez-Maison des Pays Ibériques, 1998; A. Zamora Vicente, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Historia de la Real Academia Española, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 1999; Mbol Nang, “En torno a las poesías patrióticas de Don Juan Bautista Arriaza y Superviela”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Cuadernos para investigación de la literatura hispánica, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">n.º 26 (2001), págs. 177-188.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Didier Ozanam</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockbiografia-destacada-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-biografia-destacada-block-2"> <h2 class="block-title">Biografía destacada</h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-biografia-destacada view-id-biografia_destacada view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-6d3d5aaf7f8fcd8c366b5b5f3d80857dd2a3938060299529d7f1e99869c8cffd"> <div class="view-content"> <div id="views-bootstrap-biografia-destacada-block-2" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="5000" data-pause="" data-wrap="0"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item row active"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/imagenes/biografias/Portal-Historia-Hisp%C3%A1nica.jpg" width="480" height="320" alt="HH" title="https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> <div class="carousel-caption"> <h3><a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und">Portal "Historia Hispánica"</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="row content-wrapper"> <div class="region region-content-bottom"> <section id="block-dbepersonajesrelacionados" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-relacionados clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-relacionados-wrapper"> <h1>Relación con otros personajes del DBE</h1> <div class="col-xs-12 block-personajes-content"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-first"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-1d5b2128f10f98339e98e782214fffcd26c77ea332a36ac4025411086d4b9197"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Biografías que citan a este personaje</h2> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/6053/dionisio-alcala-galiano-y-alcala-galiano" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumb/public/imagenes/biografias/dionisio-alcala-galiano-y-alcala-galiano.jpg" width="33" height="33" alt="Dionisio Alcalá-Galiano y Alcalá-Galiano" title="Retrato del brigadier de la Real Arada Dionisio Alcalá Galiano . Retrato - https://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/2022704/lod_oai_bibliotecavirtualdefensa_es_40961_ent1.html. http://hispana.mcu.es/lod/oai:bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es:40961#ent2. Biblioteca Virtual del Ministerio de Defensa - http://bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es/BVMDefensa/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=40961. CC0 - http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/6053/dionisio-alcala-galiano-y-alcala-galiano" hreflang="und">Dionisio Alcalá-Galiano y Alcalá-Galiano</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/11489/maria-josefa-amalia-de-sajonia" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumb/public/imagenes/biografias/38079-Mariajosefa-amalia-de-sajonia.jpg" width="33" height="33" alt="María Josefa Amalia de Sajonia" title="Detalle del retrato de María Josefa Amalia de Sajonia por Vicente López Portaña, h.1828. Número de catálogo Pooo867. (c) Museo Nacional del Prado" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/11489/maria-josefa-amalia-de-sajonia" hreflang="und">María Josefa Amalia de Sajonia</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/4455/angel-ramirez-de-saavedra-y-rodriguez-de-baquedano" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumb/public/imagenes/biografias/51870-Ramriez-de-Saavedra-y-Rodriguez-de-Baquedan.jpg" width="33" height="33" alt="Ángel Ramírez de Saavedra y Rodríguez de Baquedano" title="Medalla con el Retrato del Duque de Rivas por Eduardo Fernández Pescador, s. XIX. Número de catálogo Ooo1638. (c) Museo Nacional del Prado" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/4455/angel-ramirez-de-saavedra-y-rodriguez-de-baquedano" hreflang="und">Ángel Ramírez de Saavedra y Rodríguez de Baquedano</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/8386/jose-fernando-macario-sor-montadas" hreflang="und"><img width="33" height="33" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/8386/jose-fernando-macario-sor-montadas" hreflang="und">José Fernando Macario Sor Montadas</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-2"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personaje view-id-personaje view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-ca2e75d2651f81885f8334be05ba7251b7a78b5c1d9a5bafa9c926b74b5c3c92"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/8064/juan-bautista-arriaza-y-superviela" hreflang="und"><img width="100" height="100" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/8064/juan-bautista-arriaza-y-superviela" hreflang="und">Juan Bautista Arriaza y Superviela</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-last"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-2614d5e1400330f67ce6ca207d866c5c73572fa271039edeee7175a2d3c8db31"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Personajes citados en esta biografía</h2> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/10734/carlos-iii" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumb/public/imagenes/biografias/12968_Carlos-III.jpg" width="33" height="33" alt="Carlos III" title="Detalle del retrato de Carlos III. 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Real Academia de la Historia" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/10096/fernando-vii" hreflang="und">Fernando VII</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/10812/manuel-de-godoy-y-alvarez-de-faria" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumb/public/imagenes/biografias/Manuel-Godoy.jpg" width="33" height="33" alt="Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria" title="Detalle del retrato de Manuel Godoy por Agustín Esteve Marqués, 1800-1808. Nº referencia 1954.312. CC0 Art Institute of Chicago" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/10812/manuel-de-godoy-y-alvarez-de-faria" hreflang="und">Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="block-dbepersonajessimilares" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-similares clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-similares-wrapper"> <h1>Personajes similares</h1> <div class="personajes-similares-select-wrapper"> <select id="personajes-similares-select" class="form-select required form-control"> <option value="1" selected="selected">Mismo ámbito disciplinar / Misma época</option> <option value="2">Mismo ámbito geográfico de nacimiento / Misma época</option> <option value="3">Mismo ámbito geográfico de muerte / Misma época</option> </select> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 block-personajes-content"> <div 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aria-required="true"><option value="202" selected="selected">Diplomático</option><option value="168">Marino</option><option value="206">Oficial de la Secretaría de Estado</option><option value="28">Escritor, ra</option><option value="26">Poeta, tisa</option><option value="195">Traductor, ra</option><option value="248">Literato, ta</option></select></div> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><button data-bef-auto-submit-click="" class="js-hide button js-form-submit form-submit btn-info btn" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-personajes-similares" type="submit" id="edit-submit-personajes-similares" value="Apply" name="">Apply</button></div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/20127/manuel-de-abella-peligero" hreflang="und"><img width="" height="" 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