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href="#Kilmė"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kilmė</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilmė-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologija_ir_fiziologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologija_ir_fiziologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Morfologija ir fiziologija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologija_ir_fiziologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neandertaliečiai_ir_žmonės" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neandertaliečiai_ir_žmonės"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Neandertaliečiai ir žmonės</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neandertaliečiai_ir_žmonės-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neandertalietiški_požymiai_žmonėse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neandertalietiški_požymiai_žmonėse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Neandertalietiški požymiai žmonėse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neandertalietiški_požymiai_žmonėse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materialinė_kultūra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materialinė_kultūra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Materialinė kultūra</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Materialinė_kultūra-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Materialinė kultūra subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Materialinė_kultūra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neandertaliečiai_žmonių_kultūroje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neandertaliečiai_žmonių_kultūroje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Neandertaliečiai žmonių kultūroje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neandertaliečiai_žmonių_kultūroje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pavadinimo_kilmė" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pavadinimo_kilmė"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pavadinimo kilmė</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pavadinimo_kilmė-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pavadinimo kilmė subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pavadinimo_kilmė-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neandertaliečio_sinonimai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neandertaliečio_sinonimai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Neandertaliečio sinonimai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neandertaliečio_sinonimai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Galerija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Šaltiniai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Šaltiniai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Šaltiniai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Šaltiniai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuorodos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuorodos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Nuorodos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuorodos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Turinys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neandertalietis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 108 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 kalbų</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pavyzdinis straipsnis"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderdaller" title="Neanderdaller – afrikanų" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neanderdaller" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertaler" title="Neandertaler – Šveicarijos vokiečių" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Neandertaler" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveicarijos vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نياندرتال – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نياندرتال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نياندرطال – Maroko arabų" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نياندرطال" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Maroko arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis – asturianų" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Homo neanderthalensis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturianų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal_insan%C4%B1" title="Neandertal insanı – azerbaidžaniečių" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neandertal insanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžaniečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نئاندرتال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نئاندرتال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertaler" title="Neandertaler – bavarų" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Neandertaler" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal" title="Neandertal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Неандэрталец – baltarusių" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неандэрталец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltarusių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Неандерталец – bulgarų" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неандерталец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="নিয়ানডার্থাল – bengalų" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিয়ানডার্থাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_Neandertal" title="Den Neandertal – bretonų" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Den Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalac" title="Neandertalac – bosnių" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Neandertalac" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_de_Neandertal" title="Home de Neandertal – katalonų" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Home de Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis – sebuanų" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Homo neanderthalensis" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="نیاندەرتاڵ – soranių kurdų" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیاندەرتاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranių kurdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandert%C3%A1lec" title="Neandertálec – čekų" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neandertálec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%C3%A7%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Неандерталь çынни – čiuvašų" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Неандерталь çынни" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čiuvašų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal – valų" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="rekomenduojamas straipsnis"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertaler" title="Neandertaler – danų" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Neandertaler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pavyzdinis straipsnis"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertaler" title="Neandertaler – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neandertaler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merdum%C3%AA_neandertali" title="Merdumê neandertali – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Merdumê neandertali" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB" title="Νεάντερταλ – graikų" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεάντερταλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="graikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="vertingas straipsnis"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertala_homo" title="Neandertala homo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neandertala homo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Homo neanderthalensis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertallane" title="Neandertallane – estų" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neandertallane" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal" title="Neandertal – baskų" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نئاندرتال – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نئاندرتال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalinihminen" title="Neandertalinihminen – suomių" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neandertalinihminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="suomių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pavyzdinis straipsnis"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homme_de_N%C3%A9andertal" title="Homme de Néandertal – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Homme de Néandertal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C3%A4ndertaler" title="Neändertaler – vakarų fryzų" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Neändertaler" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vakarų fryzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9andart%C3%A1lach" title="Néandartálach – airių" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Néandartálach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="airių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_de_Neandertal" title="Home de Neandertal – galisų" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Home de Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pavyzdinis straipsnis"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99" title="האדם הניאנדרטלי – hebrajų" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האדם הניאנדרטלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5" title="निअंडरथल मानव – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निअंडरथल मानव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalac" title="Neandertalac – kroatų" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neandertalac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pavyzdinis straipsnis"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderv%C3%B6lgyi_ember" title="Neandervölgyi ember – vengrų" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Neandervölgyi ember" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="vengrų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Նեանդերթալյան մարդ – armėnų" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեանդերթալյան մարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homine_de_Neandertal" title="Homine de Neandertal – tarpinė" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Homine de Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="tarpinė" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal – indoneziečių" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Homo neanderthalensis" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderdalsma%C3%B0ur" title="Neanderdalsmaður – islandų" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Neanderdalsmaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Homo neanderthalensis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="ネアンデルタール人 – japonų" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネアンデルタール人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal – javiečių" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ნეანდერტალელი – gruzinų" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეანდერტალელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertallar" title="Neandertallar – karakalpakų" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Neandertallar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Һомо Неандертал – kazachų" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Һомо Неандертал" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EC%95%88%EB%8D%B0%EB%A5%B4%ED%83%88%EC%9D%B8" title="네안데르탈인 – korėjiečių" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네안데르탈인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korėjiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal" title="Neandertal – kurdų" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Неандертал адамы – kirgizų" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Неандертал адамы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis – lotynų" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Homo neanderthalensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotynų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertaler" title="Neandertaler – liuksemburgiečių" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Neandertaler" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="liuksemburgiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal" title="Neandertal – naujoji frankų kalba" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="naujoji frankų kalba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthaler" title="Neanderthaler – limburgiečių" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Neanderthaler" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ນີແອນເດີທອນ – laosiečių" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນີແອນເດີທອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandert%C4%81lietis" title="Neandertālietis – latvių" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neandertālietis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olon%27_i_Neanderthal" title="Olon' i Neanderthal – malagasų" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Olon' i Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Неандерталец – makedonų" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Неандерталец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="നിയാന്തർത്താൽ മനുഷ്യൻ – malajalių" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിയാന്തർത്താൽ മനുഷ്യൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="निअँडरथाल – maratų" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="निअँडरथाल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal – malajiečių" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B2" title="နဏ္ဍသဲ – birmiečių" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နဏ္ဍသဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderdaler" title="Neanderdaler – Žemutinės Vokietijos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Neanderdaler" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Žemutinės Vokietijos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthaler" title="Neanderthaler – Žemutinės Saksonijos (Nyderlandai)" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Neanderthaler" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Žemutinės Saksonijos (Nyderlandai)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthaler" title="Neanderthaler – olandų" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neanderthaler" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalarar" title="Neandertalarar – naujoji norvegų" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Neandertalarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="naujoji norvegų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalere" title="Neandertalere – norvegų bukmolas" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Neandertalere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegų bukmolas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92me_de_Neandertal" title="Òme de Neandertal – očitarų" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òme de Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="očitarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਨੀਐਂਡਰਥਾਲ – pendžabų" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੀਐਂਡਰਥਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendžabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalczyk" title="Neandertalczyk – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neandertalczyk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نیاندرتھال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیاندرتھال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%89%D8%B1%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نيانډرټال – puštūnų" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نيانډرټال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštūnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homem_de_Neandertal" title="Homem de Neandertal – portugalų" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homem de Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis – rumunų" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Homo neanderthalensis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Неандерталец – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неандерталец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Палеоантроп – jakutų" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Палеоантроп" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis – siciliečių" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Homo neanderthalensis" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal – škotų" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%BF%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="نيئندرتال ماٿري – sindų" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيئندرتال ماٿري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalac" title="Neandertalac – serbų-kroatų" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neandertalac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbų-kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="නියැන්ඩර්තාල් – sinhalų" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නියැන්ඩර්තාල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clovek_neandert%C3%A1lsky" title="Človek neandertálsky – slovakų" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Človek neandertálsky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalec" title="Neandertalec – slovėnų" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Neandertalec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal%C3%ABt" title="Neandertalët – albanų" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Neandertalët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Неандерталац – serbų" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Неандерталац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalare" title="Neandertalare – švedų" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neandertalare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" title="Homo neanderthalensis – suahilių" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Homo neanderthalensis" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahilių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="நியண்டர்தால் மனிதன் – tamilų" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியண்டர்தால் மனிதன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="నియాండర్తల్ – telugų" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నియాండర్తల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="นีแอนเดอร์ทาล – tajų" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นีแอนเดอร์ทาล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal" title="Neandertal – tagalogų" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal" title="Neandertal – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal" title="Neandertal – totorių" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="totorių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Неандерталець – ukrainiečių" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неандерталець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84" title="نینڈرتھل – urdų" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نینڈرتھل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertallar" title="Neandertallar – uzbekų" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neandertallar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertalin_ristit" title="Neandertalin ristit – vepsų" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Neandertalin ristit" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="vertingas straipsnis"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Neanderthal" title="Người Neanderthal – vietnamiečių" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djin_del_V%C3%A5_d%27_Neyander" title="Djin del Vå d' Neyander – valonų" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djin del Vå d' Neyander" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertal" title="Neandertal – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Neandertal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="尼安德特人 – kinų kalbos vu tarmė" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼安德特人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinų kalbos vu tarmė" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal – jorubų" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Neanderthal" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="尼安德特人 – kinų" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼安德特人" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslėpti</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Straipsnis iš Vikipedijos, laisvosios enciklopedijos.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lt" dir="ltr"><table style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 270px; font-size: 95%; float:right; clear: right; padding: 5px; background: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background: pink;"><b>Homo neanderthalensis</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis-Mr._N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis-Mr._N.jpg/220px-Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis-Mr._N.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis-Mr._N.jpg/330px-Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis-Mr._N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis-Mr._N.jpg/440px-Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis-Mr._N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1761" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Vyras" title="Vyras">Vyriškos</a> <a href="/wiki/Lytis" title="Lytis">lyties</a> neandertaliečio<br /> kūno rekonstrukcija (Neandertalio muziejus)</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background: pink;"><a href="/wiki/Mokslin%C4%97_klasifikacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokslinė klasifikacija">Mokslinė klasifikacija</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; background:transparent; color:inherit" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Karalyst%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Karalystė">Karalystė</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gyv%C5%ABnai" title="Gyvūnai">Gyvūnai</a> <br /> <i>(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/12px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/18px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Animalia" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Animalia">Animalia</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tipas" title="Tipas">Tipas</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordiniai" title="Chordiniai">Chordiniai</a> <br /> <i>(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/12px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/18px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chordata" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Chordata">Chordata</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Klas%C4%97_(biologija)" title="Klasė (biologija)">Klasė</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDinduoliai" title="Žinduoliai">Žinduoliai</a> <br /> <i>(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/12px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/18px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Mammalia">Mammalia</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C5%ABrys" title="Būrys">Būrys</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primatai" title="Primatai">Primatai</a> <br /> <i>(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/12px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/18px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Primates" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Primates">Primates</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0eima_(biologija)" title="Šeima (biologija)">Šeima</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hominidai" title="Hominidai">Hominidai</a> <br /> <i>(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/12px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/18px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Hominidae">Hominidae</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Gentis_(biologija)" title="Gentis (biologija)">Gentis</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDmon%C4%97s" title="Žmonės">Žmonės</a> <br /> <i>(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/12px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/18px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homo" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Homo">Homo</a>)</i> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%C5%A1is" title="Rūšis">Rūšis</a>: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neandertalietis</a> <br /> <i>(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/12px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/18px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Homo neanderthalensis">Homo neanderthalensis</a>)</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:pink"><a href="/wiki/Binarin%C4%97_nomenklat%C5%ABra" title="Binarinė nomenklatūra">Binomas</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;" valign="top"> <td><i><b>Homo neanderthalensis</b></i><br /><small><a href="/wiki/King" class="mw-disambig" title="King">King</a>, <a href="/wiki/1864" class="mw-redirect" title="1864">1864</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Range_of_NeanderthalsAColoured.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Range_of_NeanderthalsAColoured.png/250px-Range_of_NeanderthalsAColoured.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Range_of_NeanderthalsAColoured.png/375px-Range_of_NeanderthalsAColoured.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Range_of_NeanderthalsAColoured.png/500px-Range_of_NeanderthalsAColoured.png 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="463" /></a></span><br /><small>Neandertaliečio buvęs gyvenamasis arealas:<br /> <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> (melsva spl.), <br /><a href="/wiki/Artimieji_Rytai" title="Artimieji Rytai">Artimųjų Rytų</a> šiaurinė dalis (gelsva spl.), <br />pietryčių <a href="/wiki/Uzbekija" title="Uzbekija">Uzbekija</a> (žalsva spl.), <br /><a href="/wiki/Altajaus_kra%C5%A1tas" title="Altajaus kraštas">Altajaus kraštas</a> (violetinė spl.)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:%C4%AEk%C4%97limas&wpDestFile=Carte_Neandertaliens_anciens.jpg" class="new" title="Vaizdas:Carte Neandertaliens anciens.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="250">Vaizdas:Carte Neandertaliens anciens.jpg</span></a></span><br /><small>Ankstyvojo neandertaliečio iškastų <a href="/wiki/Fosilija" title="Fosilija">fosilijų</a><br /> vietos žemėlapyje</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:%C4%AEk%C4%97limas&wpDestFile=Carte_Neandertaliens.jpg" class="new" title="Vaizdas:Carte Neandertaliens.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="250">Vaizdas:Carte Neandertaliens.jpg</span></a></span><br /><small>Neandertaliečio iškastų <a href="/wiki/Fosilija" title="Fosilija">fosilijų</a><br /> vietos žemėlapyje</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Neandertalietis</b> (<i>Homo neanderthalensis</i>) – archainė <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDmon%C4%97s" title="Žmonės">žmonių</a> (<i>Homo</i>) genties rūšis,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> išnykusi maždaug prieš 40 000 metų. Panašu, kad jie atsirado Europoje, o po to išplito pietvakarių, centrinėje ir šiaurinėje Azijoje. Šiose teritorijose jie paliko šimtus akmeninių įrankių. Beveik visi senesni nei 160 000 metų įrankiai priskiriami <a href="/wiki/Mustj%C4%97_kult%C5%ABra" title="Mustjė kultūra">Mustjė kultūrai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Be plačiai priimtos neandertaliečių, kaip atskiros rūšies, sampratos, taip pat naudojamas pavadinimas <i>Homo sapiens neanderthalensis</i>, neandertaliečius laikant <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDmogus" title="Žmogus">žmonių</a> <i>Homo sapiens</i> porūšiu, o šiuolaikinius žmones vadinant <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg/200px-Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg/300px-Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg/400px-Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Neandartaliečio kaukolė iš <i>La Chapelle-aux-Saints</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzija" title="Prancūzija">Prancūzija</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison.jpg/200px-Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison.jpg/300px-Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison.jpg/400px-Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="923" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Kaukolės: šiuolaikinio <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDmogus" title="Žmogus">žmogaus</a> kairėje, neandertaliečio dešinėje</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paplitimo_geografija">Paplitimo geografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Paplitimo geografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Paplitimo geografija"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neandertaliečiai gyveno viduriniojo <a href="/wiki/Paleolitas" title="Paleolitas">paleolito</a> periode maždaug prieš 300 000–28 000 metų vakarų, pietų ir vidurio <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europoje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artimieji_Rytai" title="Artimieji Rytai">Artimųjų Rytų</a> šiaurėje ir dalyje <a href="/wiki/Vidurin%C4%97_Azija" title="Vidurinė Azija">Vidurinės Azijos</a>, ryčiausia populiacija gyveno <a href="/wiki/Altajaus_kra%C5%A1tas" title="Altajaus kraštas">Altajaus krašte</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilmė"><span id="Kilm.C4.97"></span>Kilmė</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Kilmė" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kilmė"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manoma, kad tiek neandertaliečiai, tiek šiuolaikiniai žmonės išsivystė iš <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i>. Pirmosios migracijos iš <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikos</a> į <a href="/wiki/Eurazija" title="Eurazija">Euraziją</a> metu <i>Homo erectus</i> paliko Afriką (greičiausiai per <a href="/wiki/Levantas" title="Levantas">Levantą</a>) ir pasiekė <a href="/wiki/Gruzija" title="Gruzija">Gruziją</a> (Dmanisi fosilijos). Homininai pasiekė Kiniją prieš 1,7 mln. m.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ir Iberijos pusiasalį prieš 1,4 mln. m.<sup id="cite_ref-Toro-Moyano_2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toro-Moyano_2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaulų fragmentų, rastų Ispanijoje ir datuojamų laikotarpiu prieš 1,2 mln. m., atradėjai teigia, kad šie homininai (priskiriami <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">Homo antecessor</a></i> rūšiai) buvo neandertaliečių bei <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a></i>, senesnės homininų rūšies, protėviai. Dauguma antropologų šią interpretaciją atmeta.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daugelio <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetinių tyrimų</a> duomenimis, neandertaliečių ir išuolaikinių žmonių linijos atsišakojo laikotarpiu prieš 800 000 ir 400 000 metų.<sup id="cite_ref-KringsStone1997_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KringsStone1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OvchinnikovGötherström2000_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OvchinnikovGötherström2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GreenMalaspinas2008_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenMalaspinas2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remdamiesi šiais duomenimis, dauguma tyrinėtojų laikosi pozicijos, kad neandertaliečiai kilo (per <i>Homo heidelbergensis</i>) iš vėlesnės <i>Homo erectus</i> populiacijos, migravusios iš Afrikos per minėtą laikotarpį. Tuo tarpu dalis Afrikoje likusios <i>Homo erectus</i> populiacijos evoliucionavo (galbūt per tarpinę <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homo_rhodesiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homo rhodesiensis (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Homo rhodesiensis</a></i> rūšį) į šiuolaikinius žmones prieš 200 000 metų ar anksčiau. </p><p>Neandertaliečiams būdingi bruožai aptinkami <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a></i> rūšies atstovuose, datuojamuose laikotarpiu prieš 600 000 ir 350 000 metų.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BischoffShamp2003_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BischoffShamp2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kol kas Europoje nerasta homininų fosilijų, datuojamų laikotarpiu prieš 300 000 ir 243 000 metų.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean1998_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean1998-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dėl to susitarta homininus, datuojamus vėlesniu nei 243 000 metų laikotarpiu, vadinti neandertaliečiais.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean1998_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean1998-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Žymiai daugiau ir geriau išsilaikiusių fosilijų aptinkama, pradedant laikotarpiu prieš 130 000 metų.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neandertaliečių rūšies atstovai, datuojami vėlesniu nei minėtas laikotarpis, sudaro didžiąją dalį žinomų neandertaliečių skeletų, jie buvo pirmieji, kurių anatomija detaliai ištirta. Šie individai įvardijami kaip tipiniai arba klasikiniai neandertaliečiai.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morfologiniuose tyrimuose pastarasis terminas dar kartais vartojamas siauresne prasme, juo įvardinant neandertaliečius, priskiriamus vėlesniam nei 71 000 metų laikotarpiui.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean1998_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean1998-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pagal laikotarpius neandertaliečiai klasifikuojami į:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>ankstyvieji neandertaliečiai, maždaug nuo 300 000 metų p.m.e.</li> <li>tipiniai neandertaliečiai, maždaug nuo 128 000 metų p.m.e.</li> <li>vėlyvieji neandertaliečiai, maždaug nuo 43 000 metų p.m.e. ir iki 26 000 metų p.m.e.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfologija_ir_fiziologija">Morfologija ir fiziologija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Morfologija ir fiziologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Morfologija ir fiziologija"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balso stygos buvo pakankamai išsivysčiusios artikuliuotai <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">kalbai</a>. Jie gyveno šalia žmonių ir, tikėtina, galėjo juos suprasti. <a href="/wiki/Slov%C4%97nija" title="Slovėnija">Slovėnijoje</a> rasta neandertaliečiui priskiriama <a href="/wiki/Fleita" title="Fleita">fleita</a> – 12 cm ilgio iš jauno lokio šlaunikaulio su skylutėmis 4-iems pirštams. Tai gali rodyti abstraktaus mąstymo ir vaizduotės faktus. </p><p>Neandertaliečiai turėjo 13 % didesnes smegenis (1500 mililitrų) lyginant su šiuolaikinio žmogaus (1400 ml). Jie buvo nepaprastai fiziškai stiprūs. Vyrų ūgis buvo apie 175 cm, moterų – 160 cm. Akiduobių dydis liudija turėjus dideles akis. Dėl stambesnių kaulų ir didesnės raumenų masės turėjo sverti apie 10 kg daugiau nei šiuolaikiniai žmonės. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neandertaliečiai_ir_žmonės"><span id="Neandertalie.C4.8Diai_ir_.C5.BEmon.C4.97s"></span>Neandertaliečiai ir žmonės</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Neandertaliečiai ir žmonės" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Neandertaliečiai ir žmonės"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yra keletas neandertaliečių išnykimo teorijų. Viena jų teigia, kad ši žmogaus rūšis pasiekė natūralią „<a href="/wiki/Evoliucija" title="Evoliucija">evoliucijos</a> aklavietę“, nesugebėjusi prisitaikyti prasidėjus paskutiniajam <a href="/wiki/Ledynmetis" title="Ledynmetis">ledynmečiui</a>. Pagal kitą teoriją neandertaliečiai, neturėdami gausios <a href="/wiki/Populiacija" title="Populiacija">populiacijos</a>, buvo išstumti žmonių (<i>homo sapiens sapiens</i>). </p><p>Pagal naujausių tyrinėjimų išvadas, skaičiuojant nuo XXI amžiaus pradžios, maždaug prieš 37 000–86 000 metų neandertaliečiai ir <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDmogus" title="Žmogus">žmonės</a> (<i>Homo sapiens</i>) kryžminosi.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dabartiniai žmonės, kurie kilę iš <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europos</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">Azijos</a>, turi dalį X <a href="/wiki/Chromosoma" title="Chromosoma">chromosomų</a>, paveldėtų iš neandertaliečių. Žmonės paveldėję mažiausiai 20 procentų neandertaliečių <a href="/wiki/Deoksiribonukleor%C5%ABg%C5%A1tis" title="Deoksiribonukleorūgštis">DNR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paskutiniais apytiksliais apskaičiavimais, DNR aptinkama iki 1–4 procente dabartinės <a href="/wiki/Eurazija" title="Eurazija">Eurazijos</a> kilmės žmonių populiacijos <a href="/wiki/Genomas" title="Genomas">genome</a>. </p><p>Afrikos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negridas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negridas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">negridams</a>, kurie su neandertaliečiais kontaktų neturėjo, bet kontaktavo su iki šiol nežinomomis kitomis <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikoje</a> gyvenusiomis <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDmon%C4%97s" title="Žmonės">žmonių</a> (<i>Homo</i>) genties rūšimis – neanderatalietiškos <a href="/w/index.php?title=X_chromosoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X chromosoma (puslapis neegzistuoja)">X chromosomos</a> nebūdingos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neandertalietiški_požymiai_žmonėse"><span id="Neandertalieti.C5.A1ki_po.C5.BEymiai_.C5.BEmon.C4.97se"></span>Neandertalietiški požymiai žmonėse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Neandertalietiški požymiai žmonėse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Neandertalietiški požymiai žmonėse"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Žmonėse neandertaliečių požymiai gali būti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strazdana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strazdana (puslapis neegzistuoja)">strazdanos</a>, paraudę <a href="/wiki/Skruostas" title="Skruostas">skruostai</a>, šviesi <a href="/wiki/Oda" title="Oda">oda</a>, raudoni, tiesūs ir stori <a href="/wiki/Plaukas" title="Plaukas">plaukai</a>, didelės <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDmogaus_akis" title="Žmogaus akis">akys</a> palyginus su <a href="/wiki/Veidas" title="Veidas">veido</a> forma, pailga <a href="/wiki/Kaukol%C4%97" title="Kaukolė">kaukolė</a> (žvelgiant iš šono), išryškėjęs <a href="/wiki/Nosikaulis" title="Nosikaulis">nosikaulis</a> (kuprelė), trumpas, neryškus <a href="/wiki/Smakras" title="Smakras">smakras</a>, plati <a href="/wiki/Ranka" title="Ranka">rankos</a> <a href="/wiki/Pla%C5%A1taka" title="Plaštaka">plaštaka</a>, padidėjusi rizika <a href="/wiki/Krono_liga" title="Krono liga">krono ligoms</a>, rizika susirgti antriniu <a href="/wiki/Cukrinis_diabetas" title="Cukrinis diabetas">cukriniu diabetu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemin%C4%97_raudonoji_vilklig%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sisteminė raudonoji vilkligė (puslapis neegzistuoja)">sistemine raudonąja vilklige</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirmin%C4%97_biliarin%C4%97_kepen%C5%B3_ciroz%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirminė biliarinė kepenų cirozė (puslapis neegzistuoja)">pirmine biliarine kepenų ciroze</a>, taip pat padidėjusi rizika į ilgalaikę <a href="/wiki/Depresija" class="mw-redirect" title="Depresija">depresiją</a>. Vienas iš neandertaliečių požymių yra ir rūkančių priklausomybė nuo <a href="/wiki/Nikotinas" title="Nikotinas">nikotino</a>, kuomet sunku mesti rūkyti.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materialinė_kultūra"><span id="Materialin.C4.97_kult.C5.ABra"></span>Materialinė kultūra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Materialinė kultūra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Materialinė kultūra"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neandertaliečiai naudojosi <a href="/wiki/Ugnis" title="Ugnis">ugnimi</a> pasišildyti bei maistui gaminti. Dėvėjo kūno apdangalus ir gaminosi <a href="/wiki/Ginklai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginklai">ginklus</a> – rasti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ietigaliai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ietigaliai (puslapis neegzistuoja)">ietigaliai</a>. Taip pat gaminosi akmeninius žeberklus ir medines ietis ugnimi sustiprintais smaigaliais. <a href="/wiki/Laidojimas" class="mw-redirect" title="Laidojimas">Laidojo</a> mirusius, todėl galima teigti, kad jau egzistavo <a href="/wiki/Ritualas" title="Ritualas">ritualų</a> užuomazgos bei <a href="/wiki/Mirtis" title="Mirtis">mirties</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Pomirtinis_pasaulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomirtinis pasaulis">pomirtinio gyvenimo</a> suvokimas. Irako oloje rasta gėlių likučių – rūpinimasis mirusiaisiais. Tyrimai rodo jas turėjus gydomųjų savybių. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neandertaliečiai_žmonių_kultūroje"><span id="Neandertalie.C4.8Diai_.C5.BEmoni.C5.B3_kult.C5.ABroje"></span>Neandertaliečiai žmonių kultūroje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Neandertaliečiai žmonių kultūroje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Neandertaliečiai žmonių kultūroje"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atradus neandertalietį, Ernst'as Haeckel'is <a href="/wiki/1866_m." title="1866 m.">1866 m.</a> pasiūlė vadinti <i>Homo stupidus</i>, tai yra „kvailas žmogus“. Apie neandertaliečius nemažai medžiagos galima rasti grožinėje ir mokslinėje literatūroje, yra sukurtos komedijos. Dar <a href="/wiki/XXI_am%C5%BEius" title="XXI amžius">XXI a.</a> pradžioje juos pašaipiai ar klaidingai vaizduodavo pabaisomis, tankiais plaukais apaugusiu kūnu, žemo ir raumeningo kūno sudėjimo, grubaus charakterio, tamsios išvaizdos sutvėrimais, <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%BEd%C5%BEion%C4%97s" title="Beždžionės">beždžionėmis</a> ir t. t. Norint įžeisti kitą žmogų, anksčiau ir šiais laikais, asmuo sulyginamas su neandertaliečiu – neva kvailokas ir negražus. </p><p>Su paskutiniais mokslo atradimais, seni mąstymo nusistatymai prieš juos keičiasi, nyksta neigiami kategoriškumai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pavadinimo_kilmė"><span id="Pavadinimo_kilm.C4.97"></span>Pavadinimo kilmė</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Pavadinimo kilmė" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Pavadinimo kilmė"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pavadinimas „neandertalietis“ kilęs nuo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalis_(sl%C4%97nis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neandertalis (slėnis) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Neandertalio</a> nedidelio slėnio esančio <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_Reinas-Vestfalija" title="Šiaurės Reinas-Vestfalija">Šiaurės Reino-Vestfalijos</a> žemėje (<a href="/wiki/Vokietija" title="Vokietija">Vokietijoje</a>), dviejų kaimų – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erkratas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erkratas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Erkrato</a> ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metmanas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metmanas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Metmano</a> teritorijoje, netoli <a href="/wiki/Diuseldorfas" title="Diuseldorfas">Diuseldorfo</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Vupertalis" title="Vupertalis">Vupertalio</a>. Neandertaliečio kaulai ten rasti <a href="/wiki/1866_m." title="1866 m.">1866 m.</a> Dar anksčiau, <a href="/wiki/1829_m." title="1829 m.">1829 m.</a> neandertaliečių kaulų buvo rasta <a href="/wiki/Belgija" title="Belgija">Belgijoje</a>, bet jie tuomet nebuvo identifikuoti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neandertaliečio_sinonimai"><span id="Neandertalie.C4.8Dio_sinonimai"></span>Neandertaliečio sinonimai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Neandertaliečio sinonimai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Neandertaliečio sinonimai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Be dabar naudojamo oficialaus <a href="/wiki/Lotyn%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lotynų kalba">lotynų kalba</a> pavadinimo <i>Homo neanderthalensis</i>, dar yra šie dabar nenaudotini: </p> <ul><li><i>Homo mousteriensis</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerija">Galerija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Galerija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Galerija"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Neandertal_vs_Sapiens.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Žmonių genties kaukolių palyginimas: dabartinio žmogaus kairėje ir neandertaliečio kaukolė dešinėje"><img alt="Žmonių genties kaukolių palyginimas: dabartinio žmogaus kairėje ir neandertaliečio kaukolė dešinėje" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Neandertal_vs_Sapiens.jpg/84px-Neandertal_vs_Sapiens.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Neandertal_vs_Sapiens.jpg/126px-Neandertal_vs_Sapiens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Neandertal_vs_Sapiens.jpg/168px-Neandertal_vs_Sapiens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1142" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDmon%C4%97s" title="Žmonės">Žmonių</a> <a href="/wiki/Gentis_(biologija)" title="Gentis (biologija)">genties</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaukol%C4%97" title="Kaukolė">kaukolių</a> palyginimas: dabartinio <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDmogus" title="Žmogus">žmogaus</a> kairėje ir neandertaliečio kaukolė dešinėje</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="8–11 m amžiaus neandertaliečių vaiko kaukolė rasta Tešiktašo urve (Uzbekija). Tai viena geriausiai išsilaikiusių kaukolių į rytus nuo Irako."><img alt="8–11 m amžiaus neandertaliečių vaiko kaukolė rasta Tešiktašo urve (Uzbekija). Tai viena geriausiai išsilaikiusių kaukolių į rytus nuo Irako." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg/89px-Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg/134px-Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg/179px-Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="1882" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">8–11 m amžiaus neandertaliečių vaiko kaukolė rasta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Te%C5%A1ikta%C5%A1o_urvas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tešiktašo urvas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Tešiktašo urve</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uzbekija" title="Uzbekija">Uzbekija</a>). Tai viena geriausiai išsilaikiusių kaukolių į rytus nuo <a href="/wiki/Irakas" title="Irakas">Irako</a>. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Neanderthalensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neandartaliečio griaučiai iš Amerikos gamtos muziejaus (American Museum of Natural History) (JAV)"><img alt="Neandartaliečio griaučiai iš Amerikos gamtos muziejaus (American Museum of Natural History) (JAV)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Neanderthalensis.jpg/56px-Neanderthalensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="56" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Neanderthalensis.jpg/84px-Neanderthalensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Neanderthalensis.jpg/113px-Neanderthalensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neandartaliečio griaučiai iš <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikos_gamtos_muziejus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amerikos gamtos muziejus (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Amerikos gamtos muziejaus</a> (<i>American Museum of Natural History</i>) (<a href="/wiki/JAV" class="mw-redirect" title="JAV">JAV</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Map_of_classic_Neandertal_fossil_sites.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neandertaliečio iškastų fosilijų ir kaulų vietos žemėlapyje. Daugiausia jų aptinkama vakarų ir pietvakarių Europos dalyse."><img alt="Neandertaliečio iškastų fosilijų ir kaulų vietos žemėlapyje. Daugiausia jų aptinkama vakarų ir pietvakarių Europos dalyse." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_classic_Neandertal_fossil_sites.jpg/120px-Map_of_classic_Neandertal_fossil_sites.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_classic_Neandertal_fossil_sites.jpg/180px-Map_of_classic_Neandertal_fossil_sites.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_classic_Neandertal_fossil_sites.jpg/240px-Map_of_classic_Neandertal_fossil_sites.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4156" data-file-height="2502" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neandertaliečio iškastų <a href="/wiki/Fosilija" title="Fosilija">fosilijų</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Kaulas" title="Kaulas">kaulų</a> vietos žemėlapyje. Daugiausia jų aptinkama vakarų ir pietvakarių Europos dalyse. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Šaltiniai"><span id=".C5.A0altiniai"></span>Šaltiniai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Šaltiniai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Šaltiniai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Rimantas_Jankauskas" title="Rimantas Jankauskas">Rimantas Jankauskas</a>. Neandertalietis (Homo neanderthalensis)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija</a>, T. XVI (Naha-Omuta). – Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2009. 164 psl.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7182515">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFShawJameson1999" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Ian; Jameson, Robert, eds. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=8HKDtlPuM2oC&pg=PA408&dq=mousterian+40,000#v=onepage&q=mousterian%2040%2C000&f=false"><i>A Dictionary of Archaeology</i></a>. Blackwell. p. 408. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/0-631-17423-0" title="Specialus:Knygų šaltiniai/0-631-17423-0"><bdi>0-631-17423-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nuoroda tikrinta <span class="nowrap">2016-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Archaeology&rft.pages=408&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-631-17423-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D8HKDtlPuM2oC%26pg%3DPA408%26dq%3Dmousterian%2B40%2C000%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmousterian%252040%252C000%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFRightmire2001" class="citation journal cs1">Rightmire, G.P. (2001). „Patterns of hominid evolution and dispersal in the Middle Pleistocene“. <i>Quaternary International</i>. <b>75</b> (1): 77–84. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001QuInt..75...77R">2001QuInt..75...77R</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1040-6182%2800%2900079-3">10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00079-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1040-6182">1040-6182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+International&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+hominid+evolution+and+dispersal+in+the+Middle+Pleistocene&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=77-84&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=1040-6182&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1040-6182%2800%2900079-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001QuInt..75...77R&rft.aulast=Rightmire&rft.aufirst=G.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toro-Moyano_2013-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Toro-Moyano_2013_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFToro-Moyano2013" class="citation journal cs1">Toro-Moyano, I. (2013). „The oldest human fossil in Europe, from Orce (Spain)“. <i>Journal of Human Evolution</i>. <b>65</b> (1): 1–9. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2013.01.012">10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23481345">23481345</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Evolution&rft.atitle=The+oldest+human+fossil+in+Europe%2C+from+Orce+%28Spain%29&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2013.01.012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23481345&rft.aulast=Toro-Moyano&rft.aufirst=I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFWayman2012" class="citation web cs1">Wayman, Erin (2012 m. lapkričio 26 d). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/homo-antecessor-common-ancestor-of-humans-and-neanderthals-143357767/">„Homo antecessor: Common Ancestor of Humans and Neanderthals?“</a>. Smithsonian Institution<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nuoroda tikrinta <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homo+antecessor%3A+Common+Ancestor+of+Humans+and+Neanderthals%3F&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.date=2012-11-26&rft.aulast=Wayman&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fscience-nature%2Fhomo-antecessor-common-ancestor-of-humans-and-neanderthals-143357767%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KringsStone1997-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KringsStone1997_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFKringsStoneSchmitzKrainitzki1997" class="citation journal cs1">Krings, Matthias; Stone, Anne; Schmitz, Ralf W; Krainitzki, Heike; Stoneking, Mark; Pääbo, Svante (1997). „Neandertal DNA Sequences and the Origin of Modern Humans“. <i>Cell</i>. <b>90</b> (1): 19–30. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980310-4">10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80310-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0092-8674">0092-8674</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9230299">9230299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=Neandertal+DNA+Sequences+and+the+Origin+of+Modern+Humans&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-30&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0092-8674&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9230299&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980310-4&rft.aulast=Krings&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft.au=Stone%2C+Anne&rft.au=Schmitz%2C+Ralf+W&rft.au=Krainitzki%2C+Heike&rft.au=Stoneking%2C+Mark&rft.au=P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo%2C+Svante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFM._Krings1999" class="citation journal cs1">M. 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(2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/32408282/2009-Briggs-et-a_main_text_1_Supporting_materials.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1505013440&Signature=75VM%2F6dzkhoCWXigfX4uG2wuNZY%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DTargeted_Retrieval_and_Analysis_of_Five.pdf">„Targeted Retrieval and Analysis of Five Neandertal mtDNA Genomes“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science</i>. <b>325</b> (5938): 318–21. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...325..318B">2009Sci...325..318B</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1174462">10.1126/science.1174462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Targeted+Retrieval+and+Analysis+of+Five+Neandertal+mtDNA+Genomes&rft.volume=325&rft.issue=5938&rft.pages=318-21&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1174462&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Sci...325..318B&rft.au=R.E.+Green&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Facademia.edu.documents%2F32408282%2F2009-Briggs-et-a_main_text_1_Supporting_materials.pdf%3FAWSAccessKeyId%3DAKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%26Expires%3D1505013440%26Signature%3D75VM%252F6dzkhoCWXigfX4uG2wuNZY%253D%26response-content-disposition%3Dinline%253B%2520filename%253DTargeted_Retrieval_and_Analysis_of_Five.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablonas:Cite_journal" title="Šablonas:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|author2=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagalba:CS1_klaidos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagalba:CS1 klaidos (puslapis neegzistuoja)">pagalba</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFP._EndicottS.Y.W._HoC._Stringer2010" class="citation journal cs1">P. Endicott; S.Y.W. Ho; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Stringer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Stringer (puslapis neegzistuoja)">C. Stringer</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910083818/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/765c/3085e645dcffed53ac50d47a67b7cb168c67.pdf">„Using genetic evidence to evaluate four palaeoanthropological hypotheses for the timing of Neanderthal and modern human origins“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Human Evolution</i>. <b>59</b> (1): 87–95. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2010.04.005">10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.04.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20510437">20510437</a>. Suarchyvuotas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/765c/3085e645dcffed53ac50d47a67b7cb168c67.pdf">originalas</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> 2017-09-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nuoroda tikrinta <span class="nowrap">2018-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Evolution&rft.atitle=Using+genetic+evidence+to+evaluate+four+palaeoanthropological+hypotheses+for+the+timing+of+Neanderthal+and+modern+human+origins&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-95&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2010.04.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20510437&rft.au=P.+Endicott&rft.au=S.Y.W.+Ho&rft.au=C.+Stringer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2F765c%2F3085e645dcffed53ac50d47a67b7cb168c67.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFA._Rieux2014" class="citation journal cs1">A. Rieux (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166928">„Improved calibration of the human mitochondrial clock using ancient genomes“</a>. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>31</b> (10): 2780–92. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsu222">10.1093/molbev/msu222</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Laisva prieiga"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166928">4166928</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25100861">25100861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Improved+calibration+of+the+human+mitochondrial+clock+using+ancient+genomes&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2780-92&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4166928%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25100861&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsu222&rft.au=A.+Rieux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4166928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFCookson2014" class="citation web cs1">Cookson, Clive (2014 m. birželio 27 d). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/c8260378-fc36-11e3-98b8-00144feab7de.html">„Palaeontology: How Neanderthals evolved“</a>. Financial Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nuoroda tikrinta <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palaeontology%3A+How+Neanderthals+evolved&rft.pub=Financial+Times&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft.aulast=Cookson&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F2%2Fc8260378-fc36-11e3-98b8-00144feab7de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BischoffShamp2003-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BischoffShamp2003_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFBischoffShamp2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bischoff, James L.; Shamp; et al. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/A_Aranburu/publication/234091077_The_Sima_De_Los_Huesos_Hominids_Date_to_Beyond_UTh_Equilibrium_350_Kyr_and_Perhaps_to_400-500_Kyr_New_Radiometric_Dates/links/02bfe50efc36048a2b000000/The-Sima-De-Los-Huesos-Hominids-Date-to-Beyond-U-Th-Equilibrium-350-Kyr-and-Perhaps-to-400-500-Kyr-New-Radiometric-Dates.pdf">„The Sima de los Huesos Hominids Date to Beyond U/Th Equilibrium (>350kyr) and Perhaps to 400–500kyr: New Radiometric Dates“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>30</b> (3): 275–80. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fjasc.2002.0834">10.1006/jasc.2002.0834</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=The+Sima+de+los+Huesos+Hominids+Date+to+Beyond+U%2FTh+Equilibrium+%28%3E350kyr%29+and+Perhaps+to+400%E2%80%93500kyr%3A+New+Radiometric+Dates&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=275-80&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fjasc.2002.0834&rft.aulast=Bischoff&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft.au=Shamp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FA_Aranburu%2Fpublication%2F234091077_The_Sima_De_Los_Huesos_Hominids_Date_to_Beyond_UTh_Equilibrium_350_Kyr_and_Perhaps_to_400-500_Kyr_New_Radiometric_Dates%2Flinks%2F02bfe50efc36048a2b000000%2FThe-Sima-De-Los-Huesos-Hominids-Date-to-Beyond-U-Th-Equilibrium-350-Kyr-and-Perhaps-to-400-500-Kyr-New-Radiometric-Dates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablonas:Cite_journal" title="Šablonas:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|first2=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagalba:CS1_klaidos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagalba:CS1 klaidos (puslapis neegzistuoja)">pagalba</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFStringer2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Stringer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Stringer (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Stringer, Chris</a> (2011). <i>The Origin of our Species</i>. Penguin. pp. 26–29, 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/978-0-141-03720-2" title="Specialus:Knygų šaltiniai/978-0-141-03720-2"><bdi>978-0-141-03720-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+our+Species&rft.pages=26-29%2C+202&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-141-03720-2&rft.aulast=Stringer&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite id="CITEREFJohanssonEdgar2006" class="citation book cs1">Johansson, Donald; Edgar, Blake (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromlucytolangua2006joha"><i>From Lucy to Language</i></a>. Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromlucytolangua2006joha/page/38">38</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/978-0-7432-8064-8" title="Specialus:Knygų šaltiniai/978-0-7432-8064-8"><bdi>978-0-7432-8064-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Lucy+to+Language&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-8064-8&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.au=Edgar%2C+Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromlucytolangua2006joha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ANeandertalietis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dean1998-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dean1998_18-0">18,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dean1998_18-1">18,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dean1998_18-2">18,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Dean; J.-J. Hublin; R. Holloway; R. Ziegler (1998). "On the phylogenetic position of the pre-Neandertal specimen from Reilingen, Germany". Journal of Human Evolution. 34 (5). p. 485–508.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stringer, C.; Gamble, C. (1993). In Search of the Neanderthals. London: Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/9780500050705" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0500050705</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Vandermeersch; M.D. Garralda (2011). S. Condemi; G.-C. Weniger, eds. "Continuity or Discontinuity in the Peopling of Europe: One Hundred and Fifty Years of Neanderthal Study". Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer Netherlands. p. 113–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N.J. Conard; J. Richter, eds. (2011). "2". Neanderthal Lifeways, Subsistence and Technology. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. 19. Springer. pp. 7–14. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">australianmuseum.net.au / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://australianmuseum.net.au/homo-neanderthalensis"><i>Homo neanderthalensis</i> – The Neanderthals</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">livescience.com / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/23730-neanderthals-modern-humans-interbreeding.html">Humans Broke Off Neanderthal Sex After Discovering Eurasia</a> | by Charles Q. Choi, Live Science Contributor, October 04, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">livescience.com / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/42933-humans-carry-20-percent-neanderthal-genes.html">At least 20% of Neanderthal DNA Is in Humans</a>, By Charles Q. Choi, Live Science Contributor | January 29, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">abroadintheyard.com / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abroadintheyard.com/20-physical-traits-inherited-from-neanderthal/">20 physical traits you may have inherited from a Neanderthal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180123131626/http://www.abroadintheyard.com/20-physical-traits-inherited-from-neanderthal/">Archyvuota kopija</a> 2018-01-23 iš <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> projekto., by John Worthington</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">books.google.co.uk / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jj1iftPqCssC&pg=PA92&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Ecce Homo!: A Lexicon of Man</a>; By Luigi Romeo (1979); Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/9027220069" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9027220069</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">books.google.co.uk / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mR_cxcxO8h8C&pg=PA556&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Bibliography of Fossil Vertebrates 1954-1958</a>; By C.L. Camp, H.J. Allison, and R.H. Nichols; New York: The Geological Society of America, Inc. p. 556. <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/9780813710921" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780813710921</a>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuorodos">Nuorodos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Nuorodos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Nuorodos"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" align="right" width="250" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homo+neanderthalensis&uselang=lt"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/80px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td><div class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis?&uselang=lt">Vikiteka: Neandertalietis</a></b> – vaizdinė ir garsinė medžiaga </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>discovery.com / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.discovery.com/human/genetics-neanderthal-110718.html">ALL NON-AFRICANS PART NEANDERTHAL, GENETICS CONFIRM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117043242/http://news.discovery.com/human/genetics-neanderthal-110718.html">Archyvuota kopija</a> 2012-11-17 iš <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> projekto., July 18, 2011 | <i><a href="/wiki/Angl%C5%B3_kalba" title="Anglų kalba">anglų k.</a></i></li> <li>bbc.co.uk / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17179608">DNA reveals Neanderthal extinction clues</a>, By Paul Rincon Science editor, 28 February 2012 | <i>anglų k.</i></li> <li>ecotao.com / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecotao.com/holism/hu_neand.htm">NEANDERTHALS</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:I%C5%A1orin%C4%97s_nuorodos" title="Vikipedija:Išorinės nuorodos">[neveikianti nuoroda]</a></sup> | <i>anglų k.</i></li> <li>bbc.co.uk / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/neanderthal_prog_summary.shtml">Neanderthal</a> | <i>anglų k.</i></li> <li>dailymail.co.uk / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1273904/Neanderthal-DNA-reveals-ancestors-DID-interbreed-extinct-species.html">How there’s a bit of Neanderthal in all of us: DNA link to cavemen revealed</a>, 7 May 2010 | <i>anglų k.</i></li> <li>bbc.co.uk / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8660940.stm">Neanderthal genes 'survive in us'</a>, 6 May 2010 | <i>anglų k.</i></li> <li>bbc.co.uk / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8671643.stm">So we’re part Neanderthal. What now?</a>, 10 May 2010 | <i>anglų k.</i></li> <li>bbc.co.uk / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8674068.stm">To mate, or not to mate: The Neanderthal question</a>, 11 May 2010 | <i>anglų k.</i></li> <li>nationalgeographic.com / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/search/?site=default_collection&client=default_frontend&proxystylesheet=default_frontend&output=xml_no_dtd&oe=utf-8&search=neanderthal&btnG=">Neanderthal</a> | <i>anglų k.</i></li> <li>nationalgeographic.com / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/10/neanderthals/hall-text">Neanderthals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080918012543/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/10/neanderthals/hall-text">Archyvuota kopija</a> 2008-09-18 iš <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> projekto., October 2008 | <i>anglų k.</i></li> <li>nationalgeographic.com / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/05/100506-science-neanderthals-humans-mated-interbred-dna-gene/">Neanderthals, Humans Interbred–First Solid DNA Evidence</a>, May 08, 2010 | <i>anglų k.</i></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rodomas puslapis "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&oldid=7349417">https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neandertalietis&oldid=7349417</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Kategorijos" title="Specialus:Kategorijos">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C5%BDmogaus_evoliucija" title="Kategorija:Žmogaus evoliucija">Žmogaus evoliucija</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Paslėptos kategorijos: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_klaidos:_explicit_use_of_et_al." title="Kategorija:CS1 klaidos: explicit use of et al.">CS1 klaidos: explicit use of et al.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Webarchive_%C5%A1ablono_Wayback_nuorodos" title="Kategorija:Webarchive šablono Wayback nuorodos">Webarchive šablono Wayback nuorodos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Puslapiai,_naudojantys_ISBN_magi%C5%A1kas_nuorodas" title="Kategorija:Puslapiai, naudojantys ISBN magiškas nuorodas">Puslapiai, naudojantys ISBN magiškas nuorodas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Puslapiai_su_neteisingomis_nuorodomis_%C4%AF_failus" title="Kategorija:Puslapiai su neteisingomis nuorodomis į failus">Puslapiai su neteisingomis nuorodomis į failus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Straipsniai_su_neveikian%C4%8Diomis_nuorodomis" title="Kategorija:Straipsniai su neveikiančiomis nuorodomis">Straipsniai su neveikiančiomis nuorodomis</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šis puslapis paskutinį kartą keistas 1 rugpjūčio 2024 16:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekstas pateikiamas pagal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike Licenciją</a>; gali būti taikomos papildomos sąlygos. 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