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style="display:none">Obsolete size class of laptops</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Notebook computer" redirects here. For the broader class of portable computer, see <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">Laptop</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NEC_UltraLite.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/NEC_UltraLite.JPG/220px-NEC_UltraLite.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/NEC_UltraLite.JPG/330px-NEC_UltraLite.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/NEC_UltraLite.JPG/440px-NEC_UltraLite.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4472" data-file-height="3432" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/NEC_UltraLite" title="NEC UltraLite">NEC UltraLite</a> defined the modern notebook on its release in 1988.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>notebook computer</b> or <b>notebook</b> is, historically, a <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptop</a> whose length and width approximate that of <a href="/wiki/Letter_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter paper">letter paper</a> (8.5 by 11 inches or 220 by 280 millimetres).<sup id="cite_ref-iso_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>notebook</i> was coined to describe slab-like <a href="/wiki/Portable_computer" title="Portable computer">portable computers</a> that had a letter-paper footprint, such as <a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Epson_HX-20" title="Epson HX-20">HX-20</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tandy_Corporation" title="Tandy Corporation">Tandy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/TRS-80_Model_100" title="TRS-80 Model 100">TRS-80 Model 100</a> of the early 1980s. The popularity of this <a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(design)" title="Form factor (design)">form factor</a> waned in the middle of the decade, as larger, <a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">clamshell</a>-style laptops offered far more capability. In 1988, <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/NEC_UltraLite" title="NEC UltraLite">UltraLite</a> defined a new category of notebook: it achieved <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibility</a>, making it technically as versatile as the largest laptops, while occupying a letter-paper footprint in a clamshell case. A handful of computer manufacturers followed suit with their own notebooks, including <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>, whose successful <a href="/wiki/Compaq_LTE" title="Compaq LTE">LTE</a> achieved full feature parity with laptops and spurred many others to produce their own notebooks. By 1991, the notebook industry was in full swing. </p><p>Notebooks and laptops occupied distinct market segments into the mid-1990s, but customer preference for larger screens led to notebooks <a href="/wiki/Technological_convergence" title="Technological convergence">converging</a> with laptops in the late 1990s. Since the early 2000s, the terms <i>laptop</i> and <i>notebook</i> are used interchangeably, irrespective of physical dimensions, with <i>laptop</i> being the more common term in English-speaking territories. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notebook_(laptop)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Epson-hx-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Epson-hx-20.jpg/220px-Epson-hx-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Epson-hx-20.jpg/330px-Epson-hx-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Epson-hx-20.jpg/440px-Epson-hx-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Epson_HX-20" title="Epson HX-20">Epson HX-20</a> from 1982 was the first portable computer to be called a "notebook".</figcaption></figure> <p>The terms <i>laptop</i> and <i>notebook</i> both trace their origins to the early 1980s, coined to describe <a href="/wiki/Portable_computer" title="Portable computer">portable computers</a> in a size class smaller than the contemporary mainstream units (so-called <a href="/wiki/Luggable_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Luggable computer">"luggables"</a>) but larger than <a href="/wiki/Pocket_computer" title="Pocket computer">pocket computers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-byte_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The etymologist <a href="/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire">William Safire</a> traced the origin of <i>laptop</i> to some time before 1984;<sup id="cite_ref-safire_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safire-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the earliest attestation of <i>laptop</i> found by the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> dates to 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word is modeled after the term <i>desktop</i>, as in <i><a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop computer</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-safire_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safire-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Notebook</i>, meanwhile, emerged earlier in 1982<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to describe <a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Epson_HX-20" title="Epson HX-20">HX-20</a> portable, whose dimensions roughly correspond to a <a href="/wiki/Letter_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter paper">letter</a>-sized <a href="/wiki/Notebook" title="Notebook">pad of paper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-byte_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notebook_(laptop)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1980s, notebooks and laptops came to represent differing <a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(design)" title="Form factor (design)">form factors</a> of portable computer in the technology press, with notebooks possessing simplified hardware and a slab-like appearance with exposed keyboard (typified by the HX-20 and the <a href="/wiki/TRS-80_Model_100" title="TRS-80 Model 100">TRS-80 Model 100</a>); and laptops possessing more advanced hardware and a <a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">clamshell case</a> to protect the keyboard.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-winter_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winter-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These early notebooks were all but discontinued by 1987, with laptops gaining favor due to their increased versatility.<sup id="cite_ref-winter_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winter-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp_PC-4641.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sharp_PC-4641.jpg/220px-Sharp_PC-4641.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sharp_PC-4641.jpg/330px-Sharp_PC-4641.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sharp_PC-4641.jpg/440px-Sharp_PC-4641.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4064" data-file-height="3890" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> PC-4641, a laptop released in the same month as the UltraLite. Larger laptops continued to be marketed alongside notebooks for several years.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toshiba_DynaBook_J-3100SS_Laptop_computer_(Notebook_computer),_Perspective_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Toshiba_DynaBook_J-3100SS_Laptop_computer_%28Notebook_computer%29%2C_Perspective_view.jpg/220px-Toshiba_DynaBook_J-3100SS_Laptop_computer_%28Notebook_computer%29%2C_Perspective_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Toshiba_DynaBook_J-3100SS_Laptop_computer_%28Notebook_computer%29%2C_Perspective_view.jpg/330px-Toshiba_DynaBook_J-3100SS_Laptop_computer_%28Notebook_computer%29%2C_Perspective_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Toshiba_DynaBook_J-3100SS_Laptop_computer_%28Notebook_computer%29%2C_Perspective_view.jpg/440px-Toshiba_DynaBook_J-3100SS_Laptop_computer_%28Notebook_computer%29%2C_Perspective_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Toshiba's <a href="/wiki/DynaBook" class="mw-redirect" title="DynaBook">DynaBook</a> J-3100SS was cited by the company as the "first notebook PC"</figcaption></figure> <p>By this point, however, laptops were gaining hardware features faster than the industry could <a href="/wiki/Miniaturization" title="Miniaturization">miniaturize</a> their parts, leading to very heavy laptops—some upwards of 20 pounds (9.1 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-fd_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1988, <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> released the <a href="/wiki/NEC_UltraLite" title="NEC UltraLite">UltraLite</a>, the first notebook-sized clamshell laptop <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">compatible with the IBM PC</a>. The term <i>notebook</i> was promptly revived by journalists to describe the new class of laptop that the UltraLite had invented.<sup id="cite_ref-fd_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsj_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Competitors soon came out with competing models, and while initial entries like the UltraLite made concessions in terms of data storage compatibility,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Compaq_LTE" title="Compaq LTE">LTE</a> line of notebooks in 1989 was the first to have full feature parity with the heaviest laptops of the time and jumpstarted the industry for these new notebooks, with scores of other manufacturers announcing their own notebooks.<sup id="cite_ref-doesitagain_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doesitagain-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a> in 1989 released the <a href="/wiki/Dynabook_Inc." title="Dynabook Inc.">DynaBook</a> in Japan, the "world's first <a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">A4</a> <a href="/wiki/Binder_clip" title="Binder clip">binder</a> size" notebook computer.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In direct response to Compaq,<sup id="cite_ref-managing_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-managing-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 59">: 59 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blue_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blue-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 75">: 75 </span></sup> both <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, top players in the computer industry, made their hotly anticipated entries in the notebook market in 1991, respectively, with the <a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a> and the <a href="/wiki/PS/2_Note" class="mw-redirect" title="PS/2 Note">PS/2 Note</a> (a predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/ThinkPad" title="ThinkPad">ThinkPad</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the aegis of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Technology_Research_Institute" title="Industrial Technology Research Institute">Industrial Technology Research Institute</a>, dozens of Taiwanese computer manufacturers formed a consortium to mass manufacture notebook computers starting in 1991. These Taiwanese notebook computers soon flooded the West, bringing the cost of notebooks down on the low end of the market.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laptops and notebooks continued to occupy discrete market segments into the mid-1990s, with unit sales tracked separately by research firms such as <a href="/wiki/Gartner_Dataquest" class="mw-redirect" title="Gartner Dataquest">Dataquest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vowels_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vowels-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notebooks were seen as having a footprint exactly that of or smaller than letter paper (8.5 by 11 inches or 22 by 28 centimetres),<sup id="cite_ref-iso_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while laptops were larger.<sup id="cite_ref-vowels_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vowels-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This distinction was considered important to business buyers, whose <a href="/wiki/Attach%C3%A9_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Attaché case">attaché cases</a> often had a compartment exactly that size.<sup id="cite_ref-be_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-be-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional distinction was weight, with 8 pounds (3.6 kg) a loose upper limit for what journalists would accept as a "notebook" in the press.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from size and weight considerations, notebooks were also seen as more sleek and stylish than the bulkier laptops.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to notebooks, however, laptops saw quicker improvements in processing speed and memory; featured better upgradability; and were less easy to <a href="/wiki/Laptop_theft" title="Laptop theft">steal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the earliest notebooks had monochrome-only <a href="/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">LCDs</a>, whereas laptops had color LCDs since 1989 (with NEC's <a href="/wiki/NEC_ProSpeed" title="NEC ProSpeed">ProSpeed CSX</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pcu_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcu-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others still preferred laptops for their keyboards, which featured fuller-sized layouts and often superior build quality; journalists evaluated the keyboard poorly in most early notebooks.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The year 1991 saw the first notebooks with color displays,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Subnotebook" title="Subnotebook">subnotebooks</a>, which occupy a size class in between notebooks and <a href="/wiki/Palmtop_PC" title="Palmtop PC">palmtop PCs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By late 1992, the higher-end notebooks had run into the same miniaturization issues that laptops had encountered in the 1980s, with some notebooks weighing as much as 14 pounds (6.4 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 1997, screen sizes in notebook computers began increasing rapidly, fueled by consumer preference toward larger displays over compactness.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emergence of LCD panels larger than 12.1 inches diagonally in early 1997 led to the breaking of the 8.5-by-11-inch size barrier.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1999, portable manufacturers had started integrating 13-, 14-, and even 15-inch LCD panels on their notebooks.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Ergonomic</a> considerations, as well the integration of <a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing devices</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Touchpad" title="Touchpad">touchpads</a>, also necessitated increasing the size of laptops to accommodate a larger <a href="/wiki/Palm_rest" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm rest">palm rest</a> area. These developments led to the distinction between and laptops and notebooks <a href="/wiki/Technological_convergence" title="Technological convergence">becoming blurred</a> by the early 2000s. In English-speaking territories, <i>laptop</i> is now the more common term to describe any clamshell portable computer—notebook-sized or otherwise—likely because of the lack of ambiguity with actual paper <a href="/wiki/Notebook" title="Notebook">notebooks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mueller_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mueller-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notebook_(laptop)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynabook" title="Dynabook">Dynabook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netbook" title="Netbook">Netbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartbook" title="Smartbook">Smartbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrabook" title="Ultrabook">Ultrabook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_workstation" title="Mobile workstation">Mobile workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza-box_form_factor" title="Pizza-box form factor">Pizza-box form factor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notebook_(laptop)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iso-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iso_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iso_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In countries observing <a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">ISO 216</a>, <a href="/wiki/A4_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="A4 paper">A4</a>-sized paper (210 by 297 millimetres or 8.27 by 11.7 inches) was used as the benchmark for the dimensions of notebooks.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, the <a href="/wiki/NEC_UltraLite" title="NEC UltraLite">UltraLite</a> as shipped supported only proprietary solid-state <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">RAM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a> cartridges to exchange data, as opposed to the standard (for the time) <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-doesitagain_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doesitagain-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notebook_(laptop)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHartJohn_Stapleton2012" class="citation book cs1">Hart, Norman; John Stapleton (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ArBgAAQBAJ"><i>The CIM Marketing Dictionary</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136008344" title="Special:BookSources/9781136008344"><bdi>9781136008344</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+CIM+Marketing+Dictionary&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781136008344&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.au=John+Stapleton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq5ArBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotebook+%28laptop%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid1988" class="citation news cs1">Reid, T. R. (October 10, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240505050802/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/10/10/the-latest-wave-in-personal-computers-is-small-but-fast/1f947411-c060-43e2-aa57-9ee496eaca9b/">"The Latest Wave in Personal Computers Is Small but Fast"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. p. F28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/10/10/the-latest-wave-in-personal-computers-is-small-but-fast/1f947411-c060-43e2-aa57-9ee496eaca9b/">the original</a> on May 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Latest+Wave+in+Personal+Computers+Is+Small+but+Fast&rft.pages=F28&rft.date=1988-10-10&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=T.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fbusiness%2F1988%2F10%2F10%2Fthe-latest-wave-in-personal-computers-is-small-but-fast%2F1f947411-c060-43e2-aa57-9ee496eaca9b%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotebook+%28laptop%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byte-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-byte_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byte_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1982" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Gregg (April 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1982-04/page/n105/">"The First <i>Byte</i>-Sized Computer"</a>. <i>Byte</i>. <b>7</b> (4). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1992/04/06/honey-they-shrunk-the-computer-again/506a265e-e91b-49fe-9767-9c0726abab43/">the original</a> on May 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Honey%2C+They+Shrunk+the+Computer%E2%80%94Again&rft.pages=F18&rft.date=1992-04-06&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=T.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fbusiness%2F1992%2F04%2F06%2Fhoney-they-shrunk-the-computer-again%2F506a265e-e91b-49fe-9767-9c0726abab43%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotebook+%28laptop%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick1992" class="citation journal cs1">McCormick, John (August 31, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A12531546/GPS?sid=wikipedia">"Fast Notebook Computers"</a>. <i>Government Computer News</i>. <b>11</b> (18). 1105 Media: 77 <i>et seq</i> – via Gale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+Computer+News&rft.atitle=Fast+Notebook+Computers&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=77+%27%27et+seq%27%27&rft.date=1992-08-31&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FA12531546%2FGPS%3Fsid%3Dwikipedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotebook+%28laptop%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStriegler1997" class="citation journal cs1">Striegler, Thomas D. (May 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A19555338/GPS?sid=wikipedia">"The Asian LCD Market"</a>. <i>Solid State Technology</i>. <b>40</b> (5). PennWell Publishing: 62 <i>et seq</i> – via Gale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solid+State+Technology&rft.atitle=The+Asian+LCD+Market&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=62+%27%27et+seq%27%27&rft.date=1997-05&rft.aulast=Striegler&rft.aufirst=Thomas+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FA19555338%2FGPS%3Fsid%3Dwikipedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotebook+%28laptop%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApril1996" class="citation journal cs1">April, Carolyn A. (December 16, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FjoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA29">"Big screens coming to little notebooks"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. <b>18</b> (51). IDG Publications: 29 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Big+screens+coming+to+little+notebooks&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1996-12-16&rft.aulast=April&rft.aufirst=Carolyn+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFjoEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotebook+%28laptop%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiCarlo1996" class="citation journal cs1">DiCarlo, Lisa (July 22, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A18502602/GPS?sid=wikipedia">"Obstacles delay adoption of 13.3-inch notebook screen"</a>. <i>PC Week</i>. <b>13</b> (29). Ziff-Davis: 27 – via Gale. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'It violates a form factor', said Tuan Tran, product manager in Hewlett-Packard Co.'s mobile computing division, in Corvallis, Ore. 'The 12.1-inch screens fit into an 8.5-by-11-inch package. But this will fundamentally change the size of notebooks'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Week&rft.atitle=Obstacles+delay+adoption+of+13.3-inch+notebook+screen&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1996-07-22&rft.aulast=DiCarlo&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FA18502602%2FGPS%3Fsid%3Dwikipedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotebook+%28laptop%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims1999" class="citation journal cs1">Sims, Calvin (September 28, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527105409/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/28/business/asia-fires-its-rounds-in-the-flat-screen-war-get-in-line-for-those-notebook-pc-s.html">"Asia Fires Its Rounds in the Flat-Screen War"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>: 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/28/business/asia-fires-its-rounds-in-the-flat-screen-war-get-in-line-for-those-notebook-pc-s.html">the original</a> on May 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Asia+Fires+Its+Rounds+in+the+Flat-Screen+War&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1999-09-28&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F09%2F28%2Fbusiness%2Fasia-fires-its-rounds-in-the-flat-screen-war-get-in-line-for-those-notebook-pc-s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotebook+%28laptop%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mueller-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mueller_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller2004" class="citation book cs1">Mueller, Scott (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xCXVGneKwScC"><i>Upgrading and Repairing Laptops</i></a>. Que. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780789728005" title="Special:BookSources/9780789728005"><bdi>9780789728005</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Upgrading+and+Repairing+Laptops&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Que&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780789728005&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxCXVGneKwScC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotebook+%28laptop%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notebook_(laptop)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notebooks_2">"Notebooks" (1992)</a>, episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Chronicles" title="Computer Chronicles">Computer Chronicles</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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