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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wyandot leader</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nicholas Orontony</b> (c. 1695–1750) was an 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Wyandot</a> leader who, in the years before the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>, tried to escape the domination of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> over Native people in the <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> region by resettling in the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio country">Ohio country</a> and forming an anti-French tribal coalition. His efforts at trying to organize armed resistance to a European power, culminating in events in 1747 sometimes known as the "Conspiracy of Nicholas", made him a forerunner of more famous Native leaders in the region such as <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontiac (person)">Pontiac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Jacket" title="Blue Jacket">Blue Jacket</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Orontony&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Little is known of Orontony's early life. He was probably born at the Huron village that along with the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a>-established <a href="/wiki/St._Ignace_Mission" title="St. Ignace Mission">St. Ignace Mission</a>, French and <a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa (Ottawa)</a> villages formed the <a href="/wiki/French-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Canadian">French-Canadian</a> settlement of <a href="/wiki/St._Ignace,_Michigan" title="St. Ignace, Michigan">St. Ignace</a>. The name "Orontony" (Huron: "Rontondi", rendered variously in French and English as "Rondoenie", "Wanduny", "Orontondi", etc.) was a title bestowed upon the leader of the Wyandot Turtle clan. This Orontony also received the name "Nicholas" after he was <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptized</a> by a French Catholic missionary at <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, perhaps Father <a href="/wiki/Armand_de_la_Richardie" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand de la Richardie">Armand de la Richardie</a>, sometime after 1728. </p><p>In the early 17th century, the Wyandots had settled near Detroit, but soon fell into conflict with the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa (tribe)">Ottawas</a>. In 1739, the Wyandot fearing for their lives, Orontony and two other leaders requested resettlement nearer the centre of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> and in 1740, Orontony pressed the request to <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_France" title="Governor of New France">Governor of New France</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_la_Boische,_Marquis_de_Beauharnois" title="Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois">Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois</a> in person. The authorities hesitated to act and some Wyandots made a unilateral relocation to "Little Lake Sandusky" (<a href="/wiki/Sandusky_Bay" title="Sandusky Bay">Sandusky Bay</a>, near the later city of <a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Ohio" title="Sandusky, Ohio">Sandusky</a>, Ohio). There, they came under the influence of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">traders</a> and of an established mixed ethnic population, including <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a>, settled on the <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_River" title="Cuyahoga River">Cuyahoga River</a>, near present <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>. </p><p>Increasing economic exploitation was bringing pressure and conflict to the region and the French sought to protect their assets against non-French traders, especially those from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. The tensions were exacerbated by Orontony's mistrust of the French. The outbreak of <a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a> in 1744 sparked open conflict and, in the spring of 1747 five French traders returning to Detroit were killed near <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Falls,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio">Cuyahoga</a>. Orontony's band were implicated, and the commander at Detroit, <a href="/wiki/Paul-Joseph_Le_Moyne_de_Longueuil" title="Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil">Paul-Joseph le Moyne de Longueuil, Chevalier de Longueuil</a>, reacted in fear of an escalating situation. </p><p>The British intervened to encourage Orontony's band, <a href="/wiki/George_Croghan" title="George Croghan">George Croghan</a> calling upon Pennsylvania for support. In November ten Iroquois warriors from the Ohio, responded and the government of Pennsylvania voted them a present of <a href="/wiki/GBP" class="mw-redirect" title="GBP">GBP</a> 150 and one of GBP 50 for the band at Cuyahoga. The Iroquois' declaration had fallen short of open war on the French but the garrison at Detroit was fearful. Orontony drew sympathy from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikinak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikinak (page does not exist)">Mikinak</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Potawatomis" class="mw-redirect" title="Potawatomis">Potawatomis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ojibwas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojibwas">Ojibwas</a> and relationships with the French became increasingly strained and disrupted. The British traders continued to court Orontony at Sandusky and he incited the <a href="/wiki/Miamis" class="mw-redirect" title="Miamis">Miamis</a> to destroy a French trading post. Orontony then conducted a mission to Detroit exhorting peace. However, while there, a party of Indians killed three Frenchmen near the fort and then took refuge on <a href="/wiki/Bois_Blanc_Island_(Michigan)" title="Bois Blanc Island (Michigan)">Bois Blanc Island</a>. </p><p>Detroit was strengthened by a convoy of reinforcements in September 1747 but to no avail. Orontony destroyed the fort and resettled his band at <a href="/wiki/Coshocton,_Ohio" title="Coshocton, Ohio">Coshocton, Ohio</a>. The remainder went farther east to build a new town at <a href="/wiki/Kuskusky" title="Kuskusky">Kuskusky</a>, near modern <a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Pennsylvania" title="New Castle, Pennsylvania">New Castle, Pennsylvania</a>. Orontony and his peers were further courted, among others by Pennsylvanian agent <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Weiser" title="Conrad Weiser">Conrad Weiser</a> in 1748. However, the agents failed to realise when Anglo-French hostilities ceased or when Orontony himself died, probably around 1750 as the victim of a smallpox epidemic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Orontony&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClifton1999" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Clifton, James A. (2 December 1999). "Orontony, Nicholas". <i><a href="/wiki/American_National_Biography_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="American National Biography Online">American National Biography Online</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Orontony%2C+Nicholas&rft.btitle=American+National+Biography+Online&rft.date=1999-12-02&rft.aulast=Clifton&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Orontony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter1974" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hunter, William A. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/orontony_3E.html">"Orontony"</a>. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Orontony&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Forontony_3E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Orontony" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Orontony&oldid=1242373332">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Orontony&oldid=1242373332</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1690s_births" title="Category:1690s births">1690s births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1750_deaths" title="Category:1750 deaths">1750 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_leaders" title="Category:Native American leaders">Native American leaders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wyandot_people" title="Category:Wyandot people">Wyandot people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_history_of_Ohio" title="Category:Native American history of Ohio">Native American history of Ohio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_St._Ignace,_Michigan" title="Category:People from St. Ignace, Michigan">People from St. Ignace, Michigan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_people_from_Michigan" title="Category:Native American people from Michigan">Native American people from Michigan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from August 2024">Articles lacking in-text citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 August 2024, at 14:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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