CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133985b2cf24828',cH: '8UkVHrgYSYDOD3GbZlORxsdegURq5QZ4_awQ7pEDfZw-1739772425-1.2.1.1-r5.GHxCss5F1YeykxkUl6_GjRGfIJChD22ZKxm3tyUe3x4iGdg1OKS70FYjuR7GA',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/193434\/meiosis-museum-specimens-shed-light-in-biodiversity-shrinkage?__cf_chl_tk=OhQzUN0PvmkUzhKaearMn9DQPsYEjCzQmK0mNzX4pFg-1739772425-1.0.1.1-x0VfZf3kL6hp2qI7_7MSRqR_4rb0Hl6DqCvZkWZlAOc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739772425',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/193434\/meiosis-museum-specimens-shed-light-in-biodiversity-shrinkage?__cf_chl_f_tk=OhQzUN0PvmkUzhKaearMn9DQPsYEjCzQmK0mNzX4pFg-1739772425-1.0.1.1-x0VfZf3kL6hp2qI7_7MSRqR_4rb0Hl6DqCvZkWZlAOc",md: "e1zMq2lkeDy.MZCzKcuYKYPDvRY3XtuMJz.aNmRGXt4-1739772425-1.2.1.1-S3bzClRuO75MSZWTE0fYND_2t3J_G6WuzZkwzyRSDd3dglJIE4YBTG7BSVm8ojsq1McUb9Kg2OU9RqPD683kKcGqikPvOTBiMIS0mswB9amJRhLLJebp7JdDw3ZwswaT_HkZWuB7_nkjkyOQGm31yzvOr1NAoCu1z2p3qNbSwSDApzEEOztU4mcZAFaWF19Mp1dgZGz.MIQfBOC8AXgYJ_0Ceqdkge.8ndTlGrxEn6MsnuGhI6zz4dgjSJ6MSZHcW8mNRKM45Jq2qBdVBU0Ycf4rBHuhG93iQaV3QDDRiXz8evflGWy6ciHzZJELgJRi0gVIfwK5M4PJbLqpAFAS0s..jB5UV.zlc1zK6w00MaqcpKxiTPhmmjzxvUDEnnHwit3Nm_.wN2qOYVYZ1YKevK0EaUpOsfYDI1WyXwXXI2.hcymG8tDah8sI0zGBaBE9QCSJG07VLWOyJE9vQG37FGW19v7Lhmvys3xJv.BjneGLejFwmjFpkE.ZI4XkIXVmSAllY5_3ftioQxwLB.7e.4obfJnIO6j8nfsB6F45Tzqw8i0FfvgvW8NrT6h4hOt6U6RRLIYAWS3cuo30T9OmBjQuKTABFNH9sDhSaNgduM82s0X.ymI5VhoEXOizOr1zzEwucRF3pWqS3Oa7dVi3v9WNhIcWqndcz817kun3_l3HJ_XIyKdSCVIydPoI794CLihmrxbLdQPiP3HST_bvt2MyvAexvDwIlwCV6Er589aUyUu.dPkGPQSwAAt3mOwi1mPilH1on709dDZrY9.jkFNMc5omkH7Jozm60B3yisdEZJpWGpYcG3AeKLOYNBmvskJ878eZgX03WAl7Xf4FEWnX1MVZq5WEv6iuTi4S5crENCUeKgK7UoJId7UJG16NclHbce_Mcsc2UfJaZDJeAyJ21Ib5qcyrVXlV7RnD.Oi70iIv.tN9UDzqVW1YMxWzJcSnObdXq0oQXBDnQDaxip0I5M.TaR5X8dcTFhTlI2Qn6.HdYX11ssbVV7R.mqJXttUf8G.pNMsR3.FzUCxvzAC3mnBdSyliI.HFvSWKfZQ7ka0OqhrM8b9H.jHAtzYyDyzOZkkcbOIwXW5recrhx4GGHfObv49mFXgWQWuybXPZLxVSjS97ObFPNg2LZOi6uMZKBlxshCt.RalyDJHpnF6zqsZJTCAIypBnh..OT4cwe9EhntaNe7M4XoG2ECT.uM0lUcaIjUGxdkqxfPNFVdhcD8RU8wu020AFzckcxU7sDd55nLEW3xA4ZRNaE58P5Hd1AzG76WVuLdApMl7xwmbqpbcs55ALTYIb_IVWAvXm10gS8oxqX3PSl5w_GQ1EHpkNu3jWmahfbsz7JKQDXyBV_vpB_O1aBE.D5q691RPqzOfW5F58.7D3FooHkT4PPfbpYGeW4Dg5FupXedgViVvcbtmyllOHzp6zHjN5gb43j_qGsiGps6getmBEh0iQVSdbAfNwNSLMLs9hah.DOZDLTvbbzbYj9uSQgQpOCOvpFCma5B6ycPgxVF5EoeLiJhFn.6aOE45JJuYhBcmUepxHHgTeVtlFtQib_RbnpXoJ5WZ43DexEw.pFM3wI314Pc2t2N3MVU4yXsif8J0jXbwWRogvyuoruQ.0OFNCAHiJeB4RbPmfOT0MZYbMLF_MeMrPWBLWd6f6LRf0Jli9xyLJVr.KWqcVfBfgsiP1.7RManhs_.ZcvOJepMvND1OEA1KUraxD5qr4k9nlptBbdqkSM4EHF0tj_ujyuQdbzom6hgr4FCp4dszaKFUvbHvYT5Lo9bxUFoT9BIR2hZijdmkxutyzEz.iqYCEXgZfwFrsATU80o2Rfwi8HG_JE25TAp_LFF1xliDpEKGWJoC2BcScM6XNvRvtKoe8CBWIgqIsdazrm8YTHRwxVsPmAHTdLrAyCR6eEVXAyYGbgn5e45.2bC2FLfFPs.BaI507Bd1mJ2p6xRfNOCkJNDjjTKZLgXoLdbEuJ70.G1SDEg.TS1217gdnxp86.wes2CyQlPWzxc_zKlOO1d5qUqs455uQw9IvuX58K3OAvuMYwWZwag",mdrd: "8v1eDAobvbIdsP2inx1hr6qgsOySgDMDsgbG.WdrNgI-1739772425-1.2.1.1-iE4hTQj5Z1NhG8ZcOz0Kak958TS_JTvfbhFf6QmJqUUdrr951XoJ__wV1ulXrdW5sUm412RriK4OZazLPlcD1LMZ7RPRkw5R8QnEtVCUBxNcGNmC.rqCsgdS6lOGmRfTEKYDoHbgRPdvs6yEpU8Xul2BU5yQAw5hTUJzr1FSR8msirHhoJ2STRFSdaPY3fU1AvSYobDKh43u8nBujQr4diZ6qXiUCo.F0RdVPFT1ekIabowKASPR1qeWN46i87E_e.JN5fSauMmqTOYCqrP.TQ6GCTLwTIdk7vHybRpjpvMtc_l67pROfxCKc279x8O5uPw0JQLXmyrAecG9ehFAka.Cqkhe4kuZhiChXOAuoubD38ZIacVy7bA.x4dTbMnTLNTTZUQWnxrSUJsMFJIif7nSVROmFWqQ0kpqA0IqeuZ1D3.BWQfUZllpq4OJHvtzp1m7YoZgCZJDG.Vw65.yJj_rM75uKW.XblA2vMg3yBwU9KeNMoQUrXuaI12nMzf5dPrzV.51zOH.RvS_hjiyR.ypJjON6hlThdKv94vjcSKVnf1ixizezNwrDpnqS5WX55A8JW7dd5DcNTBdx1c4ZDJAL_QUSyntI6aRJ4sq0HvGI7fqXENrv1HS..2oUVvd5wNmioJeKCzgb9QGAsd_SX0OY.rPvMxda784ccIqVqH1MruElml.Y8uFn_45po_O8RScg7nmwNZg9jUcyosTinUgkd3VqbQx1.Rcg6LB6IZ5yp.Fa6XFNRtbT99kOAuwS2Zz0tUSBo4Gqsu9RTRhY.AnjPKFakDm2suGU89A3MPwXdHPKb_w4eILMJH31g4r7DECm0CyUXubQ9Yfz07iOp5xrlfNCF1lmGWgr5OVyoiEw2i6a1BRs3VqjRqpljyncUzXRMhj_YlMa_XxG6gKoU7o5Uc3cgf8Uh3F5NNuCjMTramg2CJBkK1ZkyLHzZcyr6emOjuilVNVyVERvbXjg2pbIznNedHdvno4m2z9zwgjEwBPsoxdHB7JHAHUyrpgyWYCuAdrGPcVHBoQBcSTjx1Q1OU4fUfMSGIWKjTDbFTck0XtwhquOCDGrG6ZR7JwbfllsecQRaiKnv6ymnAoBEnPPqBpAztG6guohc0bCaY_FcQq8bOAHF8o1QcFFmD2phoNAWaavmuDlTevFewMd7xTs8eeiTMpcK5TuyhADEiz4XhDqiiQ2U6pQOWezGPYG68M33vYNYrSayi.IxIVHLHe0QNepwnH1eREjznsHt7j1wL0OFjlDuwdefwBjX8W3Nlzb6_x0fRzwFP709UfkDtZWdtle7F0xQjnVQ8vYlYKiO_fH_Y88lGlw9fEW_cA.RamX_brGnz6kVB6ip75VnCBfKbttDQZlhcvHIMRtnvaziVC38EYptyEelJSaxCfH3uKoSZ57KyDDQm0xYd4G4oIdfYo3RQaRwLqppPb8u4TG4PuSQ0c9b43qoT7ErKuO7mfXuyYKlyuehFmGullTFIX6BqcCwRO.ID5sH7bqxjZFGrxYuQiWSKDUYoSukSyr7uyb9tVyr1OM1IoklhYGay6uPFutiopZRle9Wxu54IH9nydrZ3HrpRRvoagU2Ubeo8oZ8OhWmMSCxLoWU9WO53TIdXD8YYJjYMYJRvgL..tf6uHlMN1hjUiHjx7wclFMbg4CQDsbI0Ttq4GNYqFMosUOBx9rXAc9u.gz.BIv7yIBXqV2zQIwd8NFwfhfqDPRLzcltk_vvbdQHUJT8.vzIFro6PkjKf1SAvJ0dfiuEy0DSq6OnZLu77CFhK2FZds0QV7sJULGAsaCmc5ySFR7jEB03zomZrldigjc9EEGDyBj5VdWNBVWwaEV95w9zpuIQS85svcb.QiS0uGiKj684C2HW_lA.1fkT7ZvyNBaRUTsa0lm3uP_auggCCGEDPNcQz26LEglf8JSbeBE_HwK3mdFOZTstNPMMDydcLmf2CEKoGjNG9OVIyiliCE1SsZ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133985b2cf24828';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/193434\/meiosis-museum-specimens-shed-light-in-biodiversity-shrinkage?__cf_chl_rt_tk=OhQzUN0PvmkUzhKaearMn9DQPsYEjCzQmK0mNzX4pFg-1739772425-1.0.1.1-x0VfZf3kL6hp2qI7_7MSRqR_4rb0Hl6DqCvZkWZlAOc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>