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Ouyang</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Weijie Ouyang"> <meta name="keywords" content="Weijie Ouyang"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Weijie Ouyang"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 22</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Weijie Ouyang</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Smart Coating for Enhanced Corneal Healing via Delivering Progranulin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Yan">Dan Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunuo%20Zhang"> Yunuo Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhan%20Huang"> Yuhan Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weijie%20Ouyang"> Weijie Ouyang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cornea serves as a vital protective barrier for the eye; however, it is prone to injury and damage that can disrupt corneal epithelium and nerves, triggering inflammation. Therefore, understanding the biological effects and molecular mechanisms involved in corneal wound healing and identifying drugs targeting these pathways is crucial for researchers in this field. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of progranulin (PGRN) in treating corneal injuries. Our findings demonstrated that PGRN significantly enhanced corneal wound repair by accelerating corneal re-epithelialization and re-innervation. In vitro experiments with cultured epithelial cells and trigeminal ganglion cells further revealed that PGRN stimulated corneal epithelial cell proliferation and promoted axon growth in trigeminal ganglion cells. Through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and other experimental techniques, we discovered that PGRN exerted its healing effects by modulating the Wnt signaling pathway, which played a critical role in repairing epithelial cells and promoting axon regeneration in trigeminal neurons. Importantly, our study highlighted the anti-inflammatory properties of PGRN by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to decreased infiltration of macrophages. In conclusion, our findings underscored the potential of PGRN in facilitating corneal wound healing by promoting corneal epithelial cell proliferation, trigeminal ganglion cell axon regeneration, and suppressing ocular inflammation. These results suggest that PGRN could potentially expedite the healing process and improve visual outcomes in patients with corneal injuries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cornea" title="cornea">cornea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progranulin" title=" progranulin"> progranulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corneal%20epithelial%20cells" title=" corneal epithelial cells"> corneal epithelial cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigeminal%20ganglion%20cells" title=" trigeminal ganglion cells"> trigeminal ganglion cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183283/smart-coating-for-enhanced-corneal-healing-via-delivering-progranulin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Load Characteristics of Improved Howland Current Pump for Bio-Impedance Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Weijie">Zhao Weijie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Xinjian"> Lin Xinjian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Xiaojuan"> Liu Xiaojuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lihua"> Li Lihua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Howland current pump is widely used in bio-impedance measurement. Much attention has been focused on the output impedance of the Howland circuit. Here we focus on the maximum load of the Howland source and discuss the relationship between the circuit parameters at maximum load. We conclude that the signal input terminal of the feedback resistor should be as large as possible, but that the current-limiting resistor should be smaller. The op-amp saturation voltage should also be high. The bandwidth of the circuit is proportional to the bandwidth of the op-amp. The Howland current pump was simulated using multisim12. When the AD8066AR was selected as the op-amp, the maximum load was 11.5 kΩ, and the Howland current pump had a stable output ipp to 2mAp up to 200 kHz. However, with an OPA847 op-amp and a load of 6.3 kΩ, the output current was also stable, and the frequency was as high as 3 MHz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-impedance" title="bio-impedance">bio-impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved%20Howland%20current%20pump" title=" improved Howland current pump"> improved Howland current pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20characteristics" title=" load characteristics"> load characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioengineering" title=" bioengineering"> bioengineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3294/load-characteristics-of-improved-howland-current-pump-for-bio-impedance-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Poetics of Labor: A Study of Selected Contemporary Australian Aboriginal and Immigrant Poets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabeel%20Mohammed%20Ali">Nabeel Mohammed Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and significance of the study: This study focuses on the experiences, perspectives, and issues of the working-class Aboriginals and immigrants in Australia. In addition to dealing with their lives, struggles, and aspirations of working-class people, poetry of labor presents an insight into a neglected literary writing that goes beyond the social discourse of class distinction. In this contemporary context, it explores a broader spectrum of challenges and experiences, such as the complexities of modern labor, immigration, indigenous rights, social justice, multiculturalism, economic inequality, advocating for workers' rights and labor movements, the impact of globalization on local industries, and the evolution of labor in the digital age. Aims of the Study: The study will try to answer the following questions: What insights does poetics of labor provide to affect the literary creation of poetry at the time, as well as whether it can create a change in the social fabric of Australian diversity? What are the main themes and issues that Aboriginal and immigrant poets address in their works? How do they reflect the realities and challenges of working-class people in Australia? How do they use language, form, and style to convey their messages and emotions? How do the poets engage with and critique the dominant narratives and ideologies of Australian society and culture? How do they challenge or resist the stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination that they face? And how do they show solidarity or empathy with others who share similar struggles or aspirations? Methodology: The study will utilize traditional Marxist paradigms to analyze the poetry of the selected poets in the context of the evolving sociopolitical landscape of the 21st century. The Neo-Marxist literary criticism is used as a theoretical tool to analyze the texts. The concept of Power dynamics to analyze the intersectionality of race, labor and class. Findings: The poetry of contemporary Australian Aboriginal and immigrant poets labor, represents a critical, yet under-explored, discussion of the intersection of labor, class, and a multicultural identity. The study will deal with the poetry of the Aboriginal poet Ali Cobby Eckermann (1963- ) and the immigrant Chinese poet Ouyang Yu ( 1955- ). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aboriginals" title="aboriginals">aboriginals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigrants" title=" immigrants"> immigrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia" title=" Australia"> Australia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working-class" title=" working-class"> working-class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20eckermann" title=" Ali eckermann"> Ali eckermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ouyang%20Yu" title=" ouyang Yu"> ouyang Yu</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186521/poetics-of-labor-a-study-of-selected-contemporary-australian-aboriginal-and-immigrant-poets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Tenofovir-Amino Acid Conjugates Act as Polymerase Substrates: Implications for Avoiding Cellular Phosphorylation in the Discovery of Nucleotide Analogs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weijie%20Gu">Weijie Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Martinez"> Sergio Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoai%20Nguyen"> Hoai Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongtao%20Xu"> Hongtao Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piet%20Herdewijn"> Piet Herdewijn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20De%20Jonghe"> Steven De Jonghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalyan%20Das"> Kalyan Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nucleotide analogs are used for treating viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. To become polymerase substrates, a nucleotide analog must be phosphorylated by cellular kinases, which are rate-limiting. The goal of this study is to develop dNTP/NTP analogs directly from nucleotides. Tenofovir (TFV) analogs were synthesized by conjugating with natural or unnatural amino acids. It demonstrates that some conjugates act as dNTP analogs, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) catalytically incorporates the TFV part as the chain terminator. X-ray structures in complex with HIV-1 RT/dsDNA showed binding of the conjugates at the polymerase active site, however, in different modes in the presence of Mg²⁺ vs. Mn²⁺ ions. The adaptability of the compounds is seemingly essential for catalytic incorporation of TFV by RT. 4d with a carboxyl sidechain demonstrated the highest incorporation. 4e showed weak incorporation and rather behaved as a dNTP-competitive inhibitor. This result advocates the feasibility of designing NTP/dNTP analogs by chemical substitutions to nucleotide analogs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dNTP%20analogs" title="dNTP analogs">dNTP analogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleotide%20analogs" title=" nucleotide analogs"> nucleotide analogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase" title=" polymerase"> polymerase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tenofovir" title=" tenofovir"> tenofovir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20structure" title=" X-ray structure"> X-ray structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130804/tenofovir-amino-acid-conjugates-act-as-polymerase-substrates-implications-for-avoiding-cellular-phosphorylation-in-the-discovery-of-nucleotide-analogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Garden City in the Age of ICT: A Case Study of Dali</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luojie%20Tang">Luojie Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libin%20Ouyang"> Libin Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yihang%20Gao"> Yihang Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The natural landscape and urban-rural structure, with their attractiveness in the Dali area around Erhai Lake, exhibit striking similarities with Howard's Garden City. With the emergence of the unique phenomenon of the first large-scale gathering of digital nomads in China in Dali, an analysis of Dali's natural, economic, and cultural representations and structures reveals that the Garden City model can no longer fully explain the current overall human living environment in Dali. By interpreting the bottom-up local construction process in Dali based on landscape identity, the transformation of production and lifestyle under new technologies such as ICT(Information and Communication Technology), and the values and lifestyle reshaping embodied in the "reverse urbanization" phenomenon of the middle class in Dali, it is believed that Dali has moved towards a "contemporary garden city influenced by new technology." The article summarizes the characteristics and connotations of this Garden City and provides corresponding strategies for its continued healthy development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dali" title="dali">dali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural-urban%20relationship" title=" rural-urban relationship"> rural-urban relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garden%20city%20model" title=" garden city model"> garden city model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165369/garden-city-in-the-age-of-ict-a-case-study-of-dali" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Sampling Two-Channel Nonseparable Wavelets and Its Applications in Multispectral Image Fusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Liu">Bin Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weijie%20Liu"> Weijie Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Sun"> Bin Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yihui%20Luo"> Yihui Luo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to solve the problem of lower spatial resolution and block effect in the fusion method based on separable wavelet transform in the resulting fusion image, a new sampling mode based on multi-resolution analysis of two-channel non separable wavelet transform, whose dilation matrix is [1,1;1,-1], is presented and a multispectral image fusion method based on this kind of sampling mode is proposed. Filter banks related to this kind of wavelet are constructed, and multiresolution decomposition of the intensity of the MS and panchromatic image are performed in the sampled mode using the constructed filter bank. The low- and high-frequency coefficients are fused by different fusion rules. The experiment results show that this method has good visual effect. The fusion performance has been noted to outperform the IHS fusion method, as well as, the fusion methods based on DWT, IHS-DWT, IHS-Contourlet transform, and IHS-Curvelet transform in preserving both spectral quality and high spatial resolution information. Furthermore, when compared with the fusion method based on nonsubsampled two-channel non separable wavelet, the proposed method has been observed to have higher spatial resolution and good global spectral information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20fusion" title="image fusion">image fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-channel%20sampled%20nonseparable%20wavelets" title=" two-channel sampled nonseparable wavelets"> two-channel sampled nonseparable wavelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multispectral%20image" title=" multispectral image"> multispectral image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panchromatic%20image" title=" panchromatic image"> panchromatic image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15357/sampling-two-channel-nonseparable-wavelets-and-its-applications-in-multispectral-image-fusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> A Mixture Vine Copula Structures Model for Dependence Wind Speed among Wind Farms and Its Application in Reactive Power Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yibin%20Qiu">Yibin Qiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yubo%20Ouyang"> Yubo Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shihan%20Li"> Shihan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guorui%20Zhang"> Guorui Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Li"> Qi Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weirong%20Chen"> Weirong Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at exploring the impacts of high dimensional dependencies of wind speed among wind farms on probabilistic optimal power flow. To obtain the reactive power optimization faster and more accurately, a mixture vine Copula structure model combining the K-means clustering, C vine copula and D vine copula is proposed in this paper, through which a more accurate correlation model can be obtained. Moreover, a Modified Backtracking Search Algorithm (MBSA), the three-point estimate method is applied to probabilistic optimal power flow. The validity of the mixture vine copula structure model and the MBSA are respectively tested in IEEE30 node system with measured data of 3 adjacent wind farms in a certain area, and the results indicate effectiveness of these methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixture%20vine%20copula%20structure%20model" title="mixture vine copula structure model">mixture vine copula structure model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-point%20estimate%20method" title=" three-point estimate method"> three-point estimate method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20probability%20integral%20transform" title=" the probability integral transform"> the probability integral transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20backtracking%20search%20algorithm" title=" modified backtracking search algorithm"> modified backtracking search algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20power%20optimization" title=" reactive power optimization"> reactive power optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66356/a-mixture-vine-copula-structures-model-for-dependence-wind-speed-among-wind-farms-and-its-application-in-reactive-power-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> To Investigate Quality of Life in Elderly Persons with Dementia Residing in Assisting Living Facility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Chuan%20Hsu">Ya-Chuan Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Chen%20Ouyang"> Wen-Chen Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Siang%20Huang"> Wei-Siang Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problem/Background: With constantly increasing aged populations, quality of life (QOL) in persons with dementia has become a significant research concern. The Alzheimer’s Related Quality of Life (ADRQL) is a high-validated, theory-derived, and multidimensional instrument. It has widely utilized in many countries, except in Taiwan. However, diverse results of quality of life from different countries by using the same measurement can provide the potential to help understand the impact of cultural contributor on QOL. Objective: To investigate the extent to which quality of life on older adults with dementia in Taiwan. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted in an assisting living facility affiliated with a daycare center in southern Taiwan. A purposeful sample of 34 participants was recruited. Inclusion criteria included those who were at least 65 years old, able to communicate, and diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia. The QOL was measured by Chinese version ADRQL. This observational instrument consists of 30 items that is divided into five subscales with the full range of each subscale scores from 0 to 100.0. Higher scores indicate better QOL. Results: The means for subscale of the Social Interaction, Awareness of Self, Feelings and Mood, Enjoyment of Activities, and Response to Surroundings were 87.9, 74.7, 91.3, 64.5, and 90.3, respectively. The overall mean for the ADQOL was 0.83. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the level of Enjoyment of Activities is the lowest and may convey information about a need of evaluation on arrangement of facility’s activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dementia" title="dementia">dementia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elders" title=" elders"> elders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20related%20quality%20of%20life" title=" Alzheimer’s related quality of life"> Alzheimer’s related quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57654/to-investigate-quality-of-life-in-elderly-persons-with-dementia-residing-in-assisting-living-facility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Performance of an Optical Readout Gas Chamber for Charged Particle Track </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Hu">Jing Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoping%20Ouyang"> Xiaoping Ouyang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We develop an optical readout gas chamber based on avalanche-induced scintillation for energetic charged particles track. The gas chamber is equipped with a Single Anode Wires (SAW) structure to produce intensive electric field when the measured particles are of low yield or even single. In the presence of an intensive electric field around the single anode, primary electrons, resulting from the incident charged particles when depositing the energy along the track, accelerate to the anode effectively and rapidly. For scintillation gasses, this avalanche of electrons induces multiplying photons comparing with the primary scintillation excited directly from particle energy loss. The electric field distribution for different shape of the SAW structure is analyzed, and finally, an optimal one is used to study the optical readout performance. Using CF4 gas and its mixture with the noble gas, the results indicate that the optical readout characteristics of the chamber are attractive for imaging. Moreover, images of particles track including single particle track from 5.485MeV alpha particles are successfully acquired. The track resolution is quite well for the reason that the electrons undergo less diffusion in the intensive electric field. With the simple and ingenious design, the optical readout gas chamber has a high sensitivity. Since neutrons can be converted to charged particles when scattering, this optical readout gas chamber can be applied to neutron measurement for dark matter, fusion research, and others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20readout" title="optical readout">optical readout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chamber" title=" gas chamber"> gas chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charged%20particle%20track" title=" charged particle track"> charged particle track</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avalanche-induced%20scintillation" title=" avalanche-induced scintillation"> avalanche-induced scintillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20measurement" title=" neutron measurement"> neutron measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61618/performance-of-an-optical-readout-gas-chamber-for-charged-particle-track" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Numerical Investigation of the Transverse Instability in Radiation Pressure Acceleration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Q.%20Shao">F. Q. Shao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Q.%20Wang"> W. Q. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Yin"> Y. Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20P.%20Yu"> T. P. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20B.%20Zou"> D. B. Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Ouyang"> J. M. Ouyang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Radiation Pressure Acceleration (RPA) mechanism is very promising in laser-driven ion acceleration because of high laser-ion energy conversion efficiency. Although some experiments have shown the characteristics of RPA, the energy of ions is quite limited. The ion energy obtained in experiments is only several MeV/u, which is much lower than theoretical prediction. One possible limiting factor is the transverse instability incited in the RPA process. The transverse instability is basically considered as the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability, which is a kind of interfacial instability and occurs when a light fluid pushes against a heavy fluid. Multi-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations show that the onset of transverse instability will destroy the acceleration process and broaden the energy spectrum of fast ions during the RPA dominant ion acceleration processes. The evidence of the RT instability driven by radiation pressure has been observed in a laser-foil interaction experiment in a typical RPA regime, and the dominant scale of RT instability is close to the laser wavelength. The development of transverse instability in the radiation-pressure-acceleration dominant laser-foil interaction is numerically examined by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. When a laser interacts with a foil with modulated surface, the internal instability is quickly incited and it develops. The linear growth and saturation of the transverse instability are observed, and the growth rate is numerically diagnosed. In order to optimize interaction parameters, a method of information entropy is put forward to describe the chaotic degree of the transverse instability. With moderate modulation, the transverse instability shows a low chaotic degree and a quasi-monoenergetic proton beam is produced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20entropy" title="information entropy">information entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20pressure%20acceleration" title=" radiation pressure acceleration"> radiation pressure acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh-Taylor%20instability" title=" Rayleigh-Taylor instability"> Rayleigh-Taylor instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transverse%20instability" title=" transverse instability"> transverse instability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46130/numerical-investigation-of-the-transverse-instability-in-radiation-pressure-acceleration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> HIV Incidence among Men Who Have Sex with Men Measured by Pooling Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Its Comparison with HIV Incidence Estimated by BED-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Observed in a Prospective Cohort</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei%20Han">Mei Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinkou%20Zhao"> Jinkou Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20Yao"> Yuan Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liangui%20Feng"> Liangui Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianbin%20Ding"> Xianbin Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guohui%20Wu"> Guohui Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Zhou"> Chao Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Ouyang"> Lin Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongrong%20Lu"> Rongrong Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Zhang"> Bo Zhang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To compare the HIV incidence estimated using BED capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (BED-CEIA) and observed in a cohort against the HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) measured by pooling polymerase chain reaction (pooling-PCR). A total of 617 MSM subjects were included in a respondent driven sampling survey in Chongqing in 2008. Among the 129 that were tested HIV antibody positive, 102 were defined with long-term infection, 27 were assessed for recent HIV infection (RHI) using BED-CEIA. The remaining 488 HIV negative subjects were enrolled to the prospective cohort and followed-up every 6 months to monitor HIV seroconversion. All of the 488 HIV negative specimens were assessed for acute HIV infection (AHI) using pooling-PCR. Among the 488 negative subjects in the open cohort, 214 (43.9%) were followed-up for six months, with 107 person-years of observation and 14 subjects seroconverted. The observed HIV incidence was 12.5 per 100 person-years (95% CI=9.1-15.7). Among the 488 HIV negative specimens, 5 were identified with acute HIV infection using pooling-PCR at an annual rate of 14.02% (95% CI=1.73-26.30). The estimated HIV-1 incidence was 12.02% (95% CI=7.49-16.56) based on BED-CEIA. The HIV incidence estimated with three different approaches was different among subgroups. In the highly HIV prevalent MSM, it costs US$ 1724 to detect one AHI case, while detection of one case of RHI with BED assay costs only US$ 42. Three approaches generated comparable and high HIV incidences, pooling PCR and prospective cohort are more close to the true level of incidence, while BED-CEIA seemed to be the most convenient and economical approach for at-risk population’s HIV incidence evaluation at the beginning of HIV pandemic. HIV-1 incidences were alarmingly high among MSM population in Chongqing, particularly within the subgroup under 25 years of age and those migrants aged between 25 to 34 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BED-CEIA" title="BED-CEIA">BED-CEIA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incidence" title=" incidence"> incidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pooled%20PCR" title=" pooled PCR"> pooled PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospective%20cohort" title=" prospective cohort"> prospective cohort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75145/hiv-incidence-among-men-who-have-sex-with-men-measured-by-pooling-polymerase-chain-reaction-and-its-comparison-with-hiv-incidence-estimated-by-bed-capture-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay-and-observed-in-a-prospective-cohort" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Relative Entropy Used to Determine the Divergence of Cells in Single Cell RNA Sequence Data Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An%20Chengrui">An Chengrui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin%20Zi"> Yin Zi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Bingbing"> Wu Bingbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%20Yuanzhu"> Ma Yuanzhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Kaixiu"> Jin Kaixiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Xiao"> Chen Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouyang%20Hongwei"> Ouyang Hongwei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) is one of the effective tools to study transcriptomics of biological processes. Recently, similarity measurement of cells is Euclidian distance or its derivatives. However, the process of scRNA-seq is a multi-variate Bernoulli event model, thus we hypothesize that it would be more efficient when the divergence between cells is valued with relative entropy than Euclidian distance. In this study, we compared the performances of Euclidian distance, Spearman correlation distance and Relative Entropy using scRNA-seq data of the early, medial and late stage of limb development generated in our lab. Relative Entropy is better than other methods according to cluster potential test. Furthermore, we developed KL-SNE, an algorithm modifying t-SNE whose definition of divergence between cells Euclidian distance to Kullback–Leibler divergence. Results showed that KL-SNE was more effective to dissect cell heterogeneity than t-SNE, indicating the better performance of relative entropy than Euclidian distance. Specifically, the chondrocyte expressing Comp was clustered together with KL-SNE but not with t-SNE. Surprisingly, cells in early stage were surrounded by cells in medial stage in the processing of KL-SNE while medial cells neighbored to late stage with the process of t-SNE. This results parallel to Heatmap which showed cells in medial stage were more heterogenic than cells in other stages. In addition, we also found that results of KL-SNE tend to follow Gaussian distribution compared with those of the t-SNE, which could also be verified with the analysis of scRNA-seq data from another study on human embryo development. Therefore, it is also an effective way to convert non-Gaussian distribution to Gaussian distribution and facilitate the subsequent statistic possesses. Thus, relative entropy is potentially a better way to determine the divergence of cells in scRNA-seq data analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Single%20cell%20RNA%20sequence" title="Single cell RNA sequence">Single cell RNA sequence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Similarity%20measurement" title=" Similarity measurement"> Similarity measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Relative%20Entropy" title=" Relative Entropy"> Relative Entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KL-SNE" title=" KL-SNE"> KL-SNE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=t-SNE" title=" t-SNE"> t-SNE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63441/relative-entropy-used-to-determine-the-divergence-of-cells-in-single-cell-rna-sequence-data-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Land Layout and Urban Design of New Cities in Underdeveloped Areas of China: A Case Study of Xixian New Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libin%20Ouyang">Libin Ouyang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China has experienced a very fast urbanization process in the past two decades. Due to the uncoordinated characteristics of regional development in China, a large number of people from rural areas or small towns have flooded into regional central cities, which are building new cities around them due to the shortage of construction land or the need for urban development. However, the construction of some new cities has not achieved the expected effect, the absorption capacity of industry and population is limited, and the phenomenon of capital and land waste is obvious. This paper takes the Xixian New Area in Shaanxi Province, an inland region in Northwest China, as an example, and tries to analyse the reasons for the lack of vitality in the current situation of the Xixian New Area from the perspective of site layout and urban design, analyses the practical experience of the construction of new city cores in developed countries and regions, and studies how to optimise at the level of site layout planning and urban design to improve the vitality and attractiveness of the new city, decongest the population of large cities, effectively solve the problems of large cities, and promote The study will also examine how to optimise land use planning and urban design to enhance the vitality and attractiveness of new cities, relieve the population of large cities, effectively solve the problems of large cities and promote sustainable development of new cities. The study can serve as a reference for urban planners and policy makers, provide theoretical assistance for new city construction in other less developed regions of China, and provide some case references for urban construction in other developing countries undergoing rapid urbanisation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20city" title="new city">new city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20layout" title=" land use layout"> land use layout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attraction" title=" attraction"> attraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165771/land-layout-and-urban-design-of-new-cities-in-underdeveloped-areas-of-china-a-case-study-of-xixian-new-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> All-Optical Gamma-Rays and Positrons Source by Ultra-Intense Laser Irradiating an Al Cone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20P.%20Yu">T. P. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20J.%20Liu"> J. J. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20L.%20Zhu"> X. L. Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Yin"> Y. Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Q.%20Wang"> W. Q. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Ouyang"> J. M. Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Q.%20Shao"> F. Q. Shao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A strong electromagnetic field with E>1015V/m can be supplied by an intense laser such as ELI and HiPER in the near future. Exposing in such a strong laser field, laser-matter interaction enters into the near quantum electrodynamics (QED) regime and highly non-linear physics may occur during the laser-matter interaction. Recently, the multi-photon Breit-Wheeler (BW) process attracts increasing attention because it is capable to produce abundant positrons and it enhances the positron generation efficiency significantly. Here, we propose an all-optical scheme for bright gamma rays and dense positrons generation by irradiating a 1022 W/cm2 laser pulse onto an Al cone filled with near-critical-density plasmas. Two-dimensional (2D) QED particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations show that, the radiation damping force becomes large enough to compensate for the Lorentz force in the cone, causing radiation-reaction trapping of a dense electron bunch in the laser field. The trapped electrons oscillate in the laser electric field and emits high-energy gamma photons in two ways: (1) nonlinear Compton scattering due to the oscillation of electrons in the laser fields, and (2) Compton backwardscattering resulting from the bunch colliding with the reflected laser by the cone tip. The multi-photon Breit-Wheeler process is thus initiated and abundant electron-positron pairs are generated with a positron density ~1027m-3. The scheme is finally demonstrated by full 3D PIC simulations, which indicate the positron flux is up to 109. This compact gamma ray and positron source may have promising applications in future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BW%20process" title="BW process">BW process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron-positron%20pairs" title=" electron-positron pairs"> electron-positron pairs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20rays%20emission" title=" gamma rays emission"> gamma rays emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-intense%20laser" title=" ultra-intense laser"> ultra-intense laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46218/all-optical-gamma-rays-and-positrons-source-by-ultra-intense-laser-irradiating-an-al-cone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Experimental Research on the Effect of Activating Temperature on Combustion and Nox Emission Characteristics of Pulverized Coal in a Novel Purification-combustion Reaction System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziqu%20Ouyang">Ziqu Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Su"> Kun Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel efficient and clean coal combustion system, namely the purification-combustion system, was designed by the Institute of Engineering Thermal Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, in 2022. Among them, the purification system was composed of a mesothermal activating unit and a hyperthermal reductive unit, and the combustion system was composed of a mild combustion system. In the purification-combustion system, the deep in-situ removal of coal-N could be realized by matching the temperature and atmosphere in each unit, and thus the NOx emission was controlled effectively. To acquire the methods for realizing the efficient and clean coal combustion, this study investigated the effect of the activating temperature (including 822 °C, 858 °C, 933 °C, 991 °C), which was the key factor affecting the system operation, on combustion and NOx emission characteristics of pulverized coal in a 30 kW purification-combustion test bench. The research result turned out that the activating temperature affected the combustion and NOx emission characteristics significantly. As the activating temperature increased, the temperature increased first and then decreased in the mild combustion unit, and the temperature change in the lower part was much higher than that in the upper part. Moreover, the main combustion region was always located at the top of the unit under different activating temperatures, and the combustion intensity along the unit was weakened gradually. Increasing the activating temperature excessively could destroy the reductive atmosphere early in the upper part of the unit, which wasn’t conducive to the full removal of coal-N in the reductive coal char. As the activating temperature increased, the combustion efficiency increased first and then decreased, while the NOx emission decreased first and then increased, illustrating that increasing the activating temperature properly promoted the efficient and clean coal combustion, but there was a limit to its growth. In this study, the optimal activating temperature was 858 °C. Hence, this research illustrated that increasing the activating temperature properly could realize the mutual matching of improving the combustion efficiency and reducing the NOx emission, and thus guaranteed the clean and efficient coal combustion well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activating%20temperature" title="activating temperature">activating temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20characteristics" title=" combustion characteristics"> combustion characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nox%20emission" title=" nox emission"> nox emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purification-combustion%20system" title=" purification-combustion system"> purification-combustion system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164482/experimental-research-on-the-effect-of-activating-temperature-on-combustion-and-nox-emission-characteristics-of-pulverized-coal-in-a-novel-purification-combustion-reaction-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Kinematical Analysis of Normal Children in Different Age Groups during Gait </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawaf%20Al%20Khashram">Nawaf Al Khashram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20Arnold"> Graham Arnold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weijie%20Wang"> Weijie Wang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background—Gait classifying allows clinicians to differentiate gait patterns into clinically important categories that help in clinical decision making. Reliable comparison of gait data between normal and patients requires knowledge of the gait parameters of normal children's specific age group. However, there is still a lack of the gait database for normal children of different ages. Objectives—The aim of this study is to investigate the kinematics of the lower limb joints during gait for normal children in different age groups. Methods—Fifty-three normal children (34 boys, 19 girls) were recruited in this study. All the children were aged between 5 to 16 years old. Age groups were defined as three types: young child aged (5-7), child (8-11), and adolescent (12-16). When a participant agreed to take part in the project, their parents signed a consent form. Vicon® motion capture system was used to collect gait data. Participants were asked to walk at their comfortable speed along a 10-meter walkway. Each participant walked up to 20 trials. Three good trials were analyzed using the Vicon Plug-in-Gait model to obtain parameters of the gait, e.g., walking speed, cadence, stride length, and joint parameters, e.g. joint angle, force, moments, etc. Moreover, each gait cycle was divided into 8 phases. The range of motion (ROM) angle of pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle joints in three planes of both limbs were calculated using an in-house program. Results—The temporal-spatial variables of three age groups of normal children were compared between each other; it was found that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups. The step length and walking speed were gradually increasing from young child to adolescent, while cadence was gradually decreasing from young child to adolescent group. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the step length of young child, child and adolescent groups were 0.502 ± 0.067 m, 0.566 ± 0.061 m and 0.672 ± 0.053 m, respectively. The mean and SD of the cadence of the young child, child and adolescent groups were 140.11±15.79 step/min, 129±11.84 step/min, and a 115.96±6.47 step/min, respectively. Moreover, it was observed that there were significant differences in kinematic parameters, either whole gait cycle or each phase. For example, RoM of knee angle in the sagittal plane in whole cycle of young child group is (65.03±0.52 deg) larger than child group (63.47±0.47 deg). Conclusion—Our result showed that there are significant differences between each age group in the gait phases and thus children walking performance changes with ages. Therefore, it is important for the clinician to consider age group when analyzing the patients with lower limb disorders before any clinical treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20group" title="age group">age group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait%20analysis" title=" gait analysis"> gait analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics" title=" kinematics"> kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20children" title=" normal children"> normal children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116583/kinematical-analysis-of-normal-children-in-different-age-groups-during-gait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Kinematical Analysis of Tai Chi Chuan Players during Gait and Balance Test and Implication in Rehabilitation Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bijad%20Alqahtani">Bijad Alqahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20Arnold"> Graham Arnold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weijie%20Wang"> Weijie Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background—Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a type of traditional Chinese martial art and is considered a benefiting physical fitness. Advanced techniques of motion analysis have been routinely used in the clinical assessment. However, so far, little research has been done on the biomechanical assessment of TCC players in terms of gait and balance using motion analysis. Objectives—The aim of this study was to investigate whether TCC improves the lower limb conditions and balance ability using the state of the art motion analysis technologies, i.e. motion capture system, electromyography and force platform. Methods—Twenty TCC (9 male, 11 female) with age between (42-77) years old and weight (56.2-119 Kg), and eighteen Non-TCC participants (7 male, 11 female), weight (50-110 Kg) with age (43- 78) years old at the matched age as a control group were recruited in this study. Their gait and balance were collected using Vicon Nexus® to obtain the gait parameters, and kinematic parameters of hip, knee, and ankle joints in three planes of both limbs. Participants stood on force platforms to perform a single leg balance test. Then, they were asked to walk along a 10 m walkway at their comfortable speed. Participants performed 5 trials of single-leg balance for the dominant side. Also, the participants performed 3 trials of four square step balance and 10 trials of walking. From the recorded trials, three good ones were analyzed using the Vicon Plug-in-Gait model to obtain gait parameters, e.g. walking speed, cadence, stride length, and joint parameters, e.g. joint angle, force, moments, etc. Result— The temporal-spatial variables of TCC subjects were compared with the Non-TCC subjects, it was found that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups. Moreover, it was observed that participants of TCC have significant differences in ankle, hip, and knee joints’ kinematics in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes such as ankle angle (19.90±19.54 deg) for TCC while (15.34±6.50 deg) for Non-TCC, and knee angle (14.96±6.40 deg) for TCC while (17.63±5.79 deg) for Non-TCC in the transverse plane. Also, the result showed that there was a significant difference between groups in the single-leg balance test, e.g. maintaining single leg stance time in the TCC participants showed longer duration (20.85±10.53 s) in compared to Non-TCC people group (13.39±8.78 s). While the result showed that there was no significant difference between groups in the four square step balance. Conclusion—Our result showed that there are significant differences between Tai Chi Chuan and Non-Tai Chi Chuan participants in the various aspects of gait analysis and balance test, as a consequence of these findings some of biomechanical parameters such as joints kinematics, gait parameters and single leg stance balance test, the Tai Chi Chuan could improve the lower limb conditions and could reduce a risk of fall for the elderly with ageing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait%20analysis" title="gait analysis">gait analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics" title=" kinematics"> kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20leg%20stance" title=" single leg stance"> single leg stance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tai%20Chi%20Chuan" title=" Tai Chi Chuan"> Tai Chi Chuan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116564/kinematical-analysis-of-tai-chi-chuan-players-during-gait-and-balance-test-and-implication-in-rehabilitation-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Experimental Study on Different Load Operation and Rapid Load-change Characteristics of Pulverized Coal Combustion with Self-preheating Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongliang%20Ding">Hongliang Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziqu%20Ouyang"> Ziqu Ouyang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the basic national conditions that the energy structure is dominated by coal, it is of great significance to realize deep and flexible peak shaving of boilers in pulverized coal power plants, and maximize the consumption of renewable energy in the power grid, to ensure China's energy security and scientifically achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. With the promising self-preheating combustion technology, which had the potential of broad-load regulation and rapid response to load changes, this study mainly investigated the different load operation and rapid load-change characteristics of pulverized coal combustion. Four effective load-stabilization bases were proposed according to preheating temperature, coal gas composition (calorific value), combustion temperature (spatial mean temperature and mean square temperature fluctuation coefficient), and flue gas emissions (CO and NOx concentrations), on the basis of which the load-change rates were calculated to assess the load response characteristics. Due to the improvement of the physicochemical properties of pulverized coal after preheating, stable ignition and combustion conditions could be obtained even at a low load of 25%, with a combustion efficiency of over 97.5%, and NOx emission reached the lowest at 50% load, with the concentration of 50.97 mg/Nm3 (@6%O2). Additionally, the load ramp-up stage displayed higher load-change rates than the load ramp-down stage, with maximum rates of 3.30 %/min and 3.01 %/min, respectively. Furthermore, the driving force formed by high step load was conducive to the increase of load-change rate. The rates based on the preheating indicator attained the highest value of 3.30 %/min, while the rates based on the combustion indicator peaked at 2.71 %/min. In comparison, the combustion indicator accurately described the system’s combustion state and load changes, whereas the preheating indicator was easier to acquire, with a higher load-change rate, hence the appropriate evaluation strategy should depend on the actual situation. This study verified a feasible method for deep and flexible peak shaving of coal-fired power units, further providing basic data and technical supports for future engineering applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20coal%20combustion" title="clean coal combustion">clean coal combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load-change%20rate" title=" load-change rate"> load-change rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20shaving" title=" peak shaving"> peak shaving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-preheating" title=" self-preheating"> self-preheating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164487/experimental-study-on-different-load-operation-and-rapid-load-change-characteristics-of-pulverized-coal-combustion-with-self-preheating-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Coulomb-Explosion Driven Proton Focusing in an Arched CH Target</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Q.%20Wang">W. Q. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Yin"> Y. Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20B.%20Zou"> D. B. Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20P.%20Yu"> T. P. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Ouyang"> J. M. Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Q.%20Shao"> F. Q. Shao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-energy-density state, i.e., matter and radiation at energy densities in excess of 10^11 J/m^3, is related to material, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and geophysics. Laser-driven particle beams are better suited to heat the matter as a trigger due to their unique properties of ultrashort duration and low emittance. Compared to X-ray and electron sources, it is easier to generate uniformly heated large-volume material for the proton and ion beams because of highly localized energy deposition. With the construction of state-of-art high power laser facilities, creating of extremely conditions of high-temperature and high-density in laboratories becomes possible. It has been demonstrated that on a picosecond time scale the solid density material can be isochorically heated to over 20 eV by the ultrafast proton beam generated from spherically shaped targets. For the above-mentioned technique, the proton energy density plays a crucial role in the formation of warm dense matter states. Recently, several methods have devoted to realize the focusing of the accelerated protons, involving externally exerted static-fields or specially designed targets interacting with a single or multi-pile laser pulses. In previous works, two co-propagating or opposite direction laser pulses are employed to strike a submicron plasma-shell. However, ultra-high pulse intensities, accurately temporal synchronization and undesirable transverse instabilities for a long time are still intractable for currently experimental implementations. A mechanism of the focusing of laser-driven proton beams from two-ion-species arched targets is investigated by multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. When an intense linearly-polarized laser pulse impinges on the thin arched target, all electrons are completely evacuated, leading to a Coulomb-explosive electric-field mostly originated from the heavier carbon ions. The lighter protons in the moving reference frame by the ionic sound speed will be accelerated and effectively focused because of this radially isotropic field. At a 2.42×10^21 W/cm^2 laser intensity, a ballistic proton bunch with its energy-density as high as 2.15×10^17 J/m^3 is produced, and the highest proton energy and the focusing position agree well with that from the theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coulomb%20explosion" title="Coulomb explosion">Coulomb explosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focusing" title=" focusing"> focusing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-energy-density" title=" high-energy-density"> high-energy-density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20acceleration" title=" ion acceleration"> ion acceleration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46064/coulomb-explosion-driven-proton-focusing-in-an-arched-ch-target" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> An Introduction to the Radiation-Thrust Based on Alpha Decay and Spontaneous Fission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiyi%20He">Shiyi He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Xia"> Yan Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoping%20Ouyang"> Xiaoping Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Chen"> Liang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongbing%20Zhang"> Zhongbing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinlu%20Ruan"> Jinlu Ruan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the key system of the spacecraft, various propelling system have been developing rapidly, including ion thrust, laser thrust, solar sail and other micro-thrusters. However, there still are some shortages in these systems. The ion thruster requires the high-voltage or magnetic field to accelerate, resulting in extra system, heavy quantity and large volume. The laser thrust now is mostly ground-based and providing pulse thrust, restraint by the station distribution and the capacity of laser. The thrust direction of solar sail is limited to its relative position with the Sun, so it is hard to propel toward the Sun or adjust in the shadow.In this paper, a novel nuclear thruster based on alpha decay and spontaneous fission is proposed and the principle of this radiation-thrust with alpha particle has been expounded. Radioactive materials with different released energy, such as 210Po with 5.4MeV and 238Pu with 5.29MeV, attached to a metal film will provides various thrust among 0.02-5uN/cm2. With this repulsive force, radiation is able to be a power source. With the advantages of low system quantity, high accuracy and long active time, the radiation thrust is promising in the field of space debris removal, orbit control of nano-satellite array and deep space exploration. To do further study, a formula lead to the amplitude and direction of thrust by the released energy and decay coefficient is set up. With the initial formula, the alpha radiation elements with the half life period longer than a hundred days are calculated and listed. As the alpha particles emit continuously, the residual charge in metal film grows and affects the emitting energy distribution of alpha particles. With the residual charge or extra electromagnetic field, the emitting of alpha particles performs differently and is analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, three more complex situations are discussed. Radiation element generating alpha particles with several energies in different intensity, mixture of various radiation elements, and cascaded alpha decay are studied respectively. In combined way, it is more efficient and flexible to adjust the thrust amplitude. The propelling model of the spontaneous fission is similar with the one of alpha decay, which has a more complex angular distribution. A new quasi-sphere space propelling system based on the radiation-thrust has been introduced, as well as the collecting and processing system of excess charge and reaction heat. The energy and spatial angular distribution of emitting alpha particles on unit area and certain propelling system have been studied. As the alpha particles are easily losing energy and self-absorb, the distribution is not the simple stacking of each nuclide. With the change of the amplitude and angel of radiation-thrust, orbital variation strategy on space debris removal is shown and optimized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpha%20decay" title="alpha decay">alpha decay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angular%20distribution" title=" angular distribution"> angular distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emitting%20energy" title=" emitting energy"> emitting energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20variation" title=" orbital variation"> orbital variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation-thruster" title=" radiation-thruster"> radiation-thruster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86729/an-introduction-to-the-radiation-thrust-based-on-alpha-decay-and-spontaneous-fission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Luminescent Properties of Plastic Scintillator with Large Area Photonic Crystal Prepared by a Combination of Nanoimprint Lithography and Atomic Layer Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinlu%20Ruan">Jinlu Ruan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Chen"> Liang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Liu"> Bo Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoping%20Ouyang"> Xiaoping Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhichao%20Zhu"> Zhichao Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongbing%20Zhang"> Zhongbing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiyi%20He"> Shiyi He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengxuan%20Xu"> Mengxuan Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastic scintillators play an important role in the measurement of a mixed neutron/gamma pulsed radiation, neutron radiography and pulse shape discrimination technology. In some research, these luminescent properties are necessary that photons produced by the interactions between a plastic scintillator and radiations can be detected as much as possible by the photoelectric detectors and more photons can be emitted from the scintillators along a specific direction where detectors are located. Unfortunately, a majority of these photons produced are trapped in the plastic scintillators due to the total internal reflection (TIR), because there is a significant light-trapping effect when the incident angle of internal scintillation light is larger than the critical angle. Some of these photons trapped in the scintillator may be absorbed by the scintillator itself and the others are emitted from the edges of the scintillator. This makes the light extraction of plastic scintillators very low. Moreover, only a small portion of the photons emitted from the scintillator easily can be detected by detectors effectively, because the distribution of the emission directions of this portion of photons exhibits approximate Lambertian angular profile following a cosine emission law. Therefore, enhancing the light extraction efficiency and adjusting the emission angular profile become the keys for improving the number of photons detected by the detectors. In recent years, photonic crystal structures have been covered on inorganic scintillators to enhance the light extraction efficiency and adjust the angular profile of scintillation light successfully. However, that, preparation methods of photonic crystals will deteriorate performance of plastic scintillators and even destroy the plastic scintillators, makes the investigation on preparation methods of photonic crystals for plastic scintillators and luminescent properties of plastic scintillators with photonic crystal structures inadequate. Although we have successfully made photonic crystal structures covered on the surface of plastic scintillators by a modified self-assembly technique and achieved a great enhance of light extraction efficiency without evident angular-dependence for the angular profile of scintillation light, the preparation of photonic crystal structures with large area (the diameter is larger than 6cm) and perfect periodic structure is still difficult. In this paper, large area photonic crystals on the surface of scintillators were prepared by nanoimprint lithography firstly, and then a conformal layer with material of high refractive index on the surface of photonic crystal by atomic layer deposition technique in order to enhance the stability of photonic crystal structures and increase the number of leaky modes for improving the light extraction efficiency. The luminescent properties of the plastic scintillator with photonic crystals prepared by the mentioned method are compared with those of the plastic scintillator without photonic crystal. The results indicate that the number of photons detected by detectors is increased by the enhanced light extraction efficiency and the angular profile of scintillation light exhibits evident angular-dependence for the scintillator with photonic crystals. The mentioned preparation of photonic crystals is beneficial to scintillation detection applications and lays an important technique foundation for the plastic scintillators to meet special requirements under different application backgrounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angular%20profile" title="angular profile">angular profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20layer%20deposition" title=" atomic layer deposition"> atomic layer deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20extraction%20efficiency" title=" light extraction efficiency"> light extraction efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20scintillator" title=" plastic scintillator"> plastic scintillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal" title=" photonic crystal"> photonic crystal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87289/luminescent-properties-of-plastic-scintillator-with-large-area-photonic-crystal-prepared-by-a-combination-of-nanoimprint-lithography-and-atomic-layer-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Autophagy Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration in vitro and in vivo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changhan%20%20Ouyang">Changhan Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhonglin%20Xie"> Zhonglin Xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In response to proatherosclerotic factors such as oxidized lipids, or to therapeutic interventions such as angioplasty, stents, or bypass surgery, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migrate from the media to the intima, resulting in intimal hyperplasia, restenosis, graft failure, or atherosclerosis. These proatherosclerotic factors also activate autophagy in VSMCs. However, the functional role of autophagy in vascular health and disease remains poorly understood. In the present study, we determined the role of autophagy in the regulation of VSMC migration. Autophagy activity in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and mouse carotid arteries was measured by Western blot analysis of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (LC3B) and P62. The VSMC migration was determined by scratch wound assay and transwell migration assay. Ex vivo smooth muscle cell migration was determined using aortic ring assay. The in vivo SMC migration was examined by staining the carotid artery sections with smooth muscle alpha actin (alpha SMA) after carotid artery ligation. To examine the relationship between autophagy and neointimal hyperplasia, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to carotid artery ligation. Seven days after injury, protein levels of Atg5, Atg7, Beclin1, and LC3B drastically increased and remained higher in the injured arteries three weeks after the injury. In parallel with the activation of autophagy, vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia as estimated by increased intima/media ratio. The en face staining of carotid artery showed that vascular injury enhanced alpha SMA staining in the intimal cells as compared with the sham operation. Treatment of HASMCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), one of the major factors for vascular remodeling in response to vascular injury, increased Atg7 and LC3 II protein levels and enhanced autophagosome formation. In addition, aortic ring assay demonstrated that PDGF treated aortic rings displayed an increase in neovessel formation compared with control rings. Whole mount staining for CD31 and alpha SMA in PDGF treated neovessels revealed that the neovessel structures were stained by alpha SMA but not CD31. In contrast, pharmacological and genetic suppression of autophagy inhibits VSMC migration. Especially, gene silencing of Atg7 inhibited VSMC migration induced by PDGF. Furthermore, three weeks after ligation, markedly decreased neointimal formation was found in mice treated with chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy. Quantitative morphometric analysis of the injured vessels revealed a marked reduction in the intima/media ratio in the mice treated with chloroquine. Conclusion: Autophagy activation increases VSMC migration while autophagy suppression inhibits VSMC migration. These findings suggest that autophagy suppression may be an important therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title="autophagy">autophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vascular%20smooth%20muscle%20cell" title=" vascular smooth muscle cell"> vascular smooth muscle cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neointimal%20formation" title=" neointimal formation"> neointimal formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50840/autophagy-promotes-vascular-smooth-muscle-cell-migration-in-vitro-and-in-vivo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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