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href="#ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 155 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-155" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">155 ພາສາ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%AB_beuna" title="Ië beuna – ແອັກຊີເນັສ" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ië beuna" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ແອັກຊີເນັສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ບົດຄວາມດີເດັ່ນ"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsoenami" title="Tsoenami – ອາຟຣິການ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsoenami" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ອາຟຣິການ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ສະວິສ ເຈີແມນ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ສະວິສ ເຈີແມນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ອາຣາໂກເນັດ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ອາຣາໂກເນັດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="त्सूनामी – ແອນຈີກາ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="त्सूनामी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ແອນຈີກາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="تسونامي – ອາຣັບ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسونامي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ອາຣັບ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="تسونامي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تسونامي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="ছুনামি – ອັສຊາມີສ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছুনামি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ອັສຊາມີສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ອັສຕູຮຽນ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ອັສຕູຮຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunami" title="Sunami – ອາເຊີໄບຈານິ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sunami" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ອາເຊີໄບຈານິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="تسونامی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تسونامی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ບາຣກີ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ບາຣກີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ບາລີເນັດ" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ບາລີເນັດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunamis" title="Cunamis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Cunamis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolnop" title="Dolnop – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dolnop" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Цунамі – ເບລາຣັສຊຽນ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цунамі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ເບລາຣັສຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Цунамі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цунамі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ບັງກາຣຽນ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ບັງກາຣຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="सुनामी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सुनामी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="সুনামি – ເບັງກາລີ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুনামি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ເບັງກາລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ເບຣຕັນ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ເບຣຕັນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunami" title="Cunami – ບອສນຽນ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cunami" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ບອສນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ຄາຕາລານ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ຄາຕາລານ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81i-l%C3%A2ung" title="Hāi-lâung – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hāi-lâung" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="تسۆنامی – ໂຊຣານິ ເຄີດິຊ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تسۆنامی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ໂຊຣານິ ເຄີດິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ເຊກ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ເຊກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ຊູວາຊ" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ຊູວາຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ເວວ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ເວວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ແດນິຊ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ແດນິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ເຢຍລະມັນ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ເຢຍລະມັນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="सुनामी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सुनामी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9" title="Τσουνάμι – ກຣີກ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσουνάμι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ກຣີກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ອັງກິດ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ອັງກິດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunamo" title="Cunamo – ເອສປາຍ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cunamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ເອສປາຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ສະແປນນິຊ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ສະແປນນິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ເອສໂຕນຽນ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ເອສໂຕນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ບົດຄວາມດີເດັ່ນ"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ບັສກີ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ບັສກີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="سونامی – ເປີຊຽນ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سونامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ເປີຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ຟິນນິຊ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ຟິນນິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3%C3%B0aldur" title="Flóðaldur – ຟາໂຣສ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Flóðaldur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ຟາໂຣສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ຝຣັ່ງ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ຝຣັ່ງ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ຟຣີຊຽນເໜືອ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ຟຣີຊຽນເໜືອ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%BBnamy" title="Tsûnamy – ຟຣິຊຽນ ຕາເວັນຕົກ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsûnamy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ຟຣິຊຽນ ຕາເວັນຕົກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAn%C3%A1ma%C3%AD" title="Súnámaí – ໄອຣິສ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Súnámaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ໄອຣິສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%98%AF" title="海嘯 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="海嘯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ສະກັອດເກລິກ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ສະກັອດເກລິກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ກາລິຊຽນ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ກາລິຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%C3%A1mi" title="Sunámi – ກົວຣານີ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sunámi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ກົວຣານີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80" title="સુનામી – ກູຈາຣາຕິ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સુનામી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ກູຈາຣາຕິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3i-siau" title="Hói-siau – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hói-siau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99" title="צונאמי – ຮີບຣິວ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צונאמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ຮີບຣິວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="सूनामी – ຮິນດິ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूनामी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ຮິນດິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jwaarr_bhaata" title="Jwaarr bhaata – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jwaarr bhaata" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunami" title="Cunami – ໂຄຣເອທຽນ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cunami" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ໂຄຣເອທຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radmare" title="Radmare – ໄຮຕຽນ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Radmare" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ໄຮຕຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunami" title="Cunami – ຮັງກາຣຽນ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cunami" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ຮັງກາຣຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB" title="Ցունամի – ອາເມນຽນ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցունամի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ອາເມນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ອິນເຕີລິງລົວ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ອິນເຕີລິງລົວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ໄອບານ" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ໄອບານ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ອິນໂດເນຊຽນ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ອິນໂດເນຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ໄອໂລໂກ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ໄອໂລໂກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondego" title="Ondego – ອີໂດ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ondego" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ອີໂດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3%C3%B0bylgja" title="Flóðbylgja – ໄອສແລນດິກ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Flóðbylgja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ໄອສແລນດິກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maremoto" title="Maremoto – ອິຕາລຽນ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maremoto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ອິຕາລຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E6%B3%A2" title="津波 – ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="津波" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ຈາແວນີສ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ຈາແວນີສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ცუნამი – ຈໍຈຽນ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცუნამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ຈໍຈຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ກາໄບລ໌" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ກາໄບລ໌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunaami" title="Cunaami – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Cunaami" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ຄິຄູຢຸ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="ຄິຄູຢຸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ຄາຊັກ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ຄາຊັກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸುನಾಮಿ – ຄັນນາດາ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸುನಾಮಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ຄັນນາດາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC" title="지진해일 – ເກົາຫລີ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지진해일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ເກົາຫລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunam%C3%AE" title="Tsunamî – ເຄີດິສ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tsunamî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ເຄີດິສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ເກຍກີສ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ເກຍກີສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacyma" title="Megacyma – ລາຕິນ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Megacyma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ລາຕິນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ລັກເຊມບວກກິຊ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ລັກເຊມບວກກິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ລິມເບີກີຊ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ລິມເບີກີຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunamis" title="Cunamis – ລິທົວນຽນ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cunamis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ລິທົວນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunami" title="Cunami – ລັດວຽນ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cunami" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ລັດວຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ມີແນງກາບູ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ມີແນງກາບູ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ແມຊິໂດນຽນ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ແມຊິໂດນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="സുനാമി – ມາເລອາລຳ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുനാമി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ມາເລອາລຳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ມອງໂກເລຍ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ມອງໂກເລຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="त्सुनामी – ມາຣາທີ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="त्सुनामी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ມາຣາທີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ມາເລ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ມາເລ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B0%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE" title="ဆူနာမီ – ມຽນມາ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆူနာမီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ມຽນມາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ເຢຍລະມັນ ຕອນໃຕ້" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ເຢຍລະມັນ ຕອນໃຕ້" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vleuigolve" title="Vleuigolve – ຊາຊອນ ຕອນໄຕ" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vleuigolve" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ຊາຊອນ ຕອນໄຕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="सुनामी – ເນປາລີ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सुनामी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ເນປາລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="शुनामी – ນີວາຣິ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शुनामी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ນີວາຣິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ນີ່ອັດ" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ນີ່ອັດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ດັຊ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ດັຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flodb%C3%B8lgje" title="Flodbølgje – ນໍເວຈຽນ ນີນອກ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Flodbølgje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ນໍເວຈຽນ ນີນອກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ນໍເວຈຽນ ບັອກມອລ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ນໍເວຈຽນ ບັອກມອລ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3_nit%C3%A9%C3%A9l_nits%C3%A1go%CA%BC_ats%C3%A1g%C3%A1%C3%A1" title="Tó nitéél nitságoʼ atságáá – ນາວາໂຈ" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó nitéél nitságoʼ atságáá" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="ນາວາໂຈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ອັອກຊີຕານ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ອັອກຊີຕານ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunamis" title="Tsunamis – ໂອໂຣໂມ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tsunamis" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ໂອໂຣໂມ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF" title="ସୁନାମି – ໂອເດຍ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୁନାମି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ໂອເດຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80" title="ਸੁਨਾਮੀ – ປັນຈາບີ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਨਾਮੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ປັນຈາບີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ປາມເປຍເມັນໂທ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ປາມເປຍເມັນໂທ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ໂປລິຊ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ໂປລິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="سونامی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سونامی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%90" title="سونامې – ປາສໂຕ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سونامې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ປາສໂຕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsun%C3%A2mi" title="Tsunâmi – ປອກຕຸຍກິສ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tsunâmi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ປອກຕຸຍກິສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ໂຣແມນຽນ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ໂຣແມນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ລັດເຊຍ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ລັດເຊຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Цунамі – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Цунамі" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="सुनामी – ສັນສະກຣິດ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सुनामी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ສັນສະກຣິດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ຊາກາ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ຊາກາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱤ – ຊານທາລິ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ຊານທາລິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ຊີຊິລີນ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ຊີຊິລີນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ສກອດ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ສກອດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="سونامي – ສິນທິ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سونامي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ສິນທິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunami" title="Cunami – ເຊີໂບ-ໂກເຊຍ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cunami" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ເຊີໂບ-ໂກເຊຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92" title="සුනාමි – ສິນຫາລາ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සුනාමි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ສິນຫາລາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunami" title="Cunami – ສະໂລແວັກ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cunami" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ສະໂລແວັກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunami" title="Cunami – ສະໂລເວນຽນ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cunami" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ສະໂລເວນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ໂຊນາ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ໂຊນາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ໂຊມາລີ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ໂຊມາລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunami" title="Cunami – ອານບານຽນ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Cunami" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ອານບານຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ເຊີບຽນ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ເຊີບຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunami" title="Sunami – ຊຸນແດນນີສ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sunami" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ຊຸນແດນນີສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ສະວີດິຊ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ສະວີດິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ຊວາຮີລິ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ຊວາຮີລິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/pabalad" title="pabalad – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="pabalad" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="ஆழிப்பேரலை – ທາມິລ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆழிப்பேரலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ທາມິລ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF" title="సునామి – ເຕລູກູ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సునామి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ເຕລູກູ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4" title="สึนามิ – ໄທ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สึนามิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ໄທ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ຕາກາລອກ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ຕາກາລອກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ເທີຄິຊ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ເທີຄິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Цунами – ທາທາ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Цунами" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ທາທາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Цунамі – ຢູເຄຣນຽນ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цунамі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ຢູເຄຣນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="سونامی – ອູຣດູ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سونامی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ອູຣດູ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – ອຸສເບກ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ອຸສເບກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tsunami" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunami" title="Cunami – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Cunami" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3ng_th%E1%BA%A7n" title="Sóng thần – ຫວຽດນາມ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sóng thần" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ຫວຽດນາມ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humatol" title="Humatol – ວາເລ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Humatol" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ວາເລ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%98%AF" title="海嘯 – ຈີນອູ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="海嘯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ຈີນອູ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ცუნამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცუნამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99" title="צונאמי – ຢິວ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צונאמי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ຢິວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haij_Rongx" title="Haij Rongx – ຊວາງ" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Haij Rongx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ຊວາງ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%95%B8" title="海啸 – ຈີນ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海啸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ຈີນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%A4%E7%80%BE" title="濤瀾 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="濤瀾" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1i-ti%C3%B2ng" title="Hái-tiòng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hái-tiòng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lo" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:2004-tsunami.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2004-tsunami.jpg/220px-2004-tsunami.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2004-tsunami.jpg/330px-2004-tsunami.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2004-tsunami.jpg/440px-2004-tsunami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption> ຄື້ນສຶນາມິ ມະຫາສະໝຸດອິນເດຍ ປີ 2004 ທີ່ ອ່າວນາງ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88" title="ຈັງຫວັດກະບີ່">ແຂວງກະບີ່</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97" title="ປະເທດໄທ">ປະເທດໄທ</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm/220px--NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="88" data-mwtitle="NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm/NOAA_Tsunami_Animation-2016.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption> ພາບເຄື່ອນໄຫວ 3D ຊູນາມິ</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ຊູນາມິ</b> (tsunami) ແມ່ນຄື້ນຟອງໃນຕົວນ້ຳທີ່ເກີດຈາກການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຂອງນ້ຳປະລິມານຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່, ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປໃນມະຫາສະຫມຸດຫຼື ທະເລສາບຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່ . <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9C%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7" title="ແຜ່ນດິນໄຫວ">ແຜ່ນດິນໄຫວ</a>, ການລະເບີດຂອງພູເຂົາໄຟ ແລະ ການລະເບີດໃຕ້ນ້ໍາ (ລວມທັງການລະເບີດ, ດິນເຈື່ອນ, calvings glacier, ຜົນກະທົບຂອງ meteorite ແລະສິ່ງລົບກວນອື່ນໆ) ຂ້າງເທິງຫຼືລຸ່ມນ້ໍາມີທ່າແຮງທີ່ຈະສ້າງຄື້ນຟອງຊູນາມິ.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ບໍ່ເຫມືອນກັບ ຄື້ນຟອງມະຫາສະຫມຸດປົກກະຕິ, ທີ່ເກີດຈາກລົມ, ຫຼື tides, ທີ່ເກີດຈາກ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ກາວິທັດ">ການດຶງແຮງໂນ້ມຖ່ວງ</a> ຂອງ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ດວງຈັນ">ດວງຈັນ</a> ແລະ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ຕາເວັນ">ແສງຕາເວັນ</a>, ຊູນາມິແມ່ນເກີດມາຈາກການຍົກຍ້າຍຂອງນ້ໍາຈາກເຫດການຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່. </p><p>ຄື້ນສຶນາມິບໍ່ຄືກັບກະແສນ້ຳໃຕ້ທະເລທຳມະດາ ຫຼື ຄື້ນທະເລ ເພາະວ່າ ຄວາມຍາວຂອງຄື້ນ ແມ່ນຍາວກວ່າ.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ແທນທີ່ຈະປະກົດວ່າເປັນ ຄື້ນຟອງທະເລ, ຊູນາມິໃນເບື້ອງຕົ້ນອາດຈະແທນທີ່ຈະຄ້າຍຄື ນ້ໍາ ທີ່ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຢ່າງວ່ອງໄວ.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ສໍາລັບເຫດຜົນນີ້, ມັນມັກຈະຖືກເອີ້ນວ່າເປັນ <b>ຄື້ນ tidal</b>, <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າການນໍາໃຊ້ນີ້ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບການສະຫນັບສະຫນູນຈາກຊຸມຊົນວິທະຍາສາດເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າມັນອາດຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຄວາມປະທັບໃຈທີ່ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງຂອງຄວາມສໍາພັນທາງສາເຫດລະຫວ່າງ tides ແລະ tsunami.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຄື້ນຊູນາມິໂດຍທົ່ວໄປແລ້ວປະກອບດ້ວຍຄື້ນຟອງ, ມີ ໄລຍະເວ ລາຈາກນາທີເຖິງຊົ່ວໂມງ, ເຂົ້າມາໃນອັນທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ " ລົດໄຟຄື້ນ ".<sup id="cite_ref-Fradin_2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fradin_2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຄວາມສູງຂອງຄື້ນສິບແມັດສາມາດສ້າງໄດ້ໂດຍເຫດການຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່. ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າຜົນກະທົບຂອງຄື້ນສຶນາມິແມ່ນຈໍາກັດຢູ່ຕາມເຂດແຄມທະເລ, ແຕ່ພະລັງງານທໍາລາຍຂອງພວກມັນສາມາດມີຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່, ແລະພວກມັນສາມາດສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ອ່າງມະຫາສະຫມຸດທັງຫມົດ. ຄື້ນສຶນາມິ ມະຫາສະໝຸດອິນເດຍ ປີ 2004 ເປັນໄພພິບັດທາງທຳມະຊາດທີ່ຕາຍຕົວທີ່ສຸດໃນປະຫວັດສາດຂອງມະນຸດ ໂດຍມີຜູ້ເສຍຊີວິດຢ່າງໜ້ອຍ 230,000 ຄົນ ຫຼືຫາຍສາບສູນຢູ່ໃນ 14 ປະເທດທີ່ມີຊາຍແດນຕິດກັບ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D" title="ມະຫາສະໝຸດອິນເດຍ">ມະຫາສະໝຸດອິນເດຍ</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ"><span id=".E0.BB.80.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.AD.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B5.E0.BA.87"></span>ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="ແກ້ໄຂພາກ: ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ"><span>ດັດແກ້</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r110408">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1">"When icebergs capsize, tsunamis may ensue".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=When+icebergs+capsize%2C+tsunamis+may+ensue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Cite_journal" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408"><cite class="citation web cs1">"NASA Finds Japan Tsunami Waves Merged, Doubling Power".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Finds+Japan+Tsunami+Waves+Merged%2C+Doubling+Power&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Cite_web" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408"><cite class="citation web cs1">"Tsunami 101".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tsunami+101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Cite_web" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408"><cite class="citation web cs1">"Definition of Tidal Wave".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+Tidal+Wave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Cite_web" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408"><cite class="citation web cs1">"What does "tsunami" mean?".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+does+%22tsunami%22+mean%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Cite_web" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:CS1 errors (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fradin_2008-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fradin_2008_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408"><cite class="citation book cs1">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://shop.nationalgeographic.com/ngs/product/books/kids-books-and-atlases/animals-and-nature/witness-to-disaster%3A-tsunamis">http://shop.nationalgeographic.com/ngs/product/books/kids-books-and-atlases/animals-and-nature/witness-to-disaster%3A-tsunamis</a>". <i>Witness to Disaster: Tsunamis</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=http%3A%2F%2Fshop.nationalgeographic.com%2Fngs%2Fproduct%2Fbooks%2Fkids-books-and-atlases%2Fanimals-and-nature%2Fwitness-to-disaster%253A-tsunamis&rft.btitle=Witness+to+Disaster%3A+Tsunamis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Cite_book" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External 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