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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Suedia rootpage-Suedia skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Irez a kontenajo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Chef-menuo" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Chef-menuo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Chef-menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">celez</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frontispico" title="Vizitez la chefpagino [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Chefpagino</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Komuneso-portalo" title="Pri la projeto, quon vu facus, ube trovus utilaji"><span>Portalo di la komunitato</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Aktualaji" title="Trovez informi pri nuna eventi"><span>Aktualajo</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:RecentaChanji" title="Listo di recenta chanji en la wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recenta chanji</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:HazardaPagino" title="Vizitez hazarda pagino [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Pagino hazarde</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Helpo" title="La loko por trovar ulo."><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Frontispico" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-io.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="La Libera Enciklopedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-io.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specala:Serchar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Serchuro</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Serchez en Wikipedio" aria-label="Serchez en Wikipedio" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specala:Serchar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Serchez</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personala utensili"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspekto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspekto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io" class=""><span>Donacaji</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=Suedia&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta" class=""><span>Krear konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=Suedia&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Enirar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plusa selekti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personala utensili" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personala utensili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Uzero-menuo" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io"><span>Donacaji</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Kontributar</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=Suedia&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krear konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=Suedia&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Enirar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagini por redakteri neenrejistrita <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Savez pluse pri quale redaktar"><span>lernez pluse</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:MeaDiskuti" title="Diskuto pri redakti de ca IP-adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Debatar per ca IP-adreso</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Videz la fonto/fonti por Suedia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ca artiklo existas nur en ca linguo. Ligez l'artiklo ad altra idiomi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Adjuntez idiomi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomaro"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Vidar la kontenajo di ca pagino [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artiklo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debato:Suedia&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la pagino di kontenajo (pagino ne existas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Debato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifikar linguala varianto" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ido</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Apari"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Suedia"><span>Lektar</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suedia&veaction=edit" title="Redaktar ica pagino [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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Ol havas kom vicini [[Norvegia]] norde e weste, e [[Finlando]] nord-este. Sude jacas [[Baltika Maro]]. La [[ponto di Øresund]] ligas Suedia a [[Dania]], sude. Kun {{formatnum:450295}} km² Suedia esas la 3ma maxim vasta stato di [[Europa]]. En 2016 ol havis cirkume 10 milion habitanti, di qui 98% havis aceso al interreto. '''Bazala fakti pri Suedia.''' ==Historio == {{PA|Historio di Suedia}} {{PA|Listo pri monarki di Suedia|Regnanto di Suedia}} [[Vikingo|Vikinga]] rejio di Suedia duris de cirkume la [[8ma yarcento|8ma]] til la [[11ma yarcento]]. Probable dum ta periodo, Suedi expansis su adsude la teritorio. On kredas ke Vikingi expansis a [[Baltiko|Baltika]] regiono, [[Rusia]], [[Bielorusia]] ed [[Ukraina]] til la [[Nigra maro]], o mem posible til [[Baghdad]]. Vikingi judikesas kom la patri di [[Kiiva Rusia]]. Lia historio skribesis en runi. Santa Ansgar od Oskar introduktis [[kristanismo]] en Suedia en [[829]], ma [[paganismo]] erste desaparis komplete de la regiono dum la [[12ma yarcento]]. Tamen, on povas konsiderar Suedia, inkluzite parto de la nuna [[Finlando]], kristana lando depos [[1050]]. Ecepte en la provinco [[Skania]], kontrolita da [[Dania|Dani]] dum ta periodo, [[feudismo]] ne developis en Suedia simile en formo ad altra Europana landi<ref>Franklin D. Scott, ''Sweden: The Nation's History'' (University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, 1977) p. 58</ref>. Konseque, dum granda parto di Sueda historio rurani restis precipue libera agrokultivisti. [[Sklaveso]] ne esis frequa en Suedia.<ref>[http://runeberg.org/nfcj/0106.html ''Träldom'' Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 30. Tromsdalstind - Urakami /159-160, 1920] (en Sueda linguo)</ref> Sklaveso e serfeso abolisesis dum la regno di [[Magnus Eriksson]] en [[1335]]. Ex-sklavi ofte absorbesis en rurala socio o divenis libera laboristi en urbi ed urbeti. Dum la [[14ma yarcento]], eventis epidemio di [[bubono-pesto]] en Suedia, e lua habitantaro decimacesis<ref>Scott, pp. 56-57.</ref>. Dum ta periodo, Sueda urbi aquiris plura yuri, e recevis forta influi de Germana komercisti de [[Hanso-uniono]]. En [[1319]], lora rejulo [[Magnus Eriksson]] unigis Suedia e [[Norvegia]], ed en [[1397]], rejino [[Margrethe la 1ma di Dania|Margrethe la 1ma]] unigis [[Dania]], Norvegia e Suedia e kreis [[Kalmar-uniono]]. En [[1520]], lora rejulo [[Christian la 2ma di Dania]] imperis masakro kontre Sueda nobeleso, evento konocata kom la "sango-balno di Stockholm". Ta masakro incitis Sueda nobeleso rezistar, ed ye la [[6ma di junio]] [[1523]] Sueda nobeli aklamis [[Gustaf la 1ma Vasa]] kom lia rejulo. Balde pose, li rejektis religio [[katolikismo|katolika]]. Pri [[ekonomio]], Gustaf Vasa ruptis komercala monopolo di [[Hanso-uniono]]. [[Arkivo:Swedish_Empire_(1560-1815)_en2.png|thumb|left|320px|Sueda imperio de 1560 til 1815.]] Dum la [[17ma yarcento]] Suedia divenis povoza lando. Ante ke ol divenis imperio, ol esis povra e havis poka habitanti, poka povo e poka reputo. Ol kaptis teritorii de Rusia e de [[Polonia-Lituania]] per diversa militi, inkluzite la [[Milito di Triadek Yari]]. Dum la [[milito di Triadek Yari]], Suedia konquestis preske la duimo di Santa Romana stati. [[Gustaf la 2ma Adolf]] deziris divenar la nova Santa Romana imperiestro, e guvernar ambe Skandinavia e Santa Romana stati, tamen ilu mortis dum la [[batalio di Lützen]] en [[1632]]. Pos la batalio di Nördlingen (la sola importanta vinkeso Sueda dum la milito), sentimento favorebla a Suedi desaparis gradope en Germana stati. Suedia nur mantenis poka teritorii en la nordo di la nuna Germania, exemple Sueda Pomerania, Bremen-Verden e Wismar. En [[1696]] devastinta [[famino]] viktimigis [[Finlando]] e mortigis 1/3 ek lua habitantaro. La famino anke atingis Suedia e viktimigis 10% de lua habitanti<ref>{{Extera ligilo|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6oOCfHxQDtwC&pg=PA153 |titulo="Finding the family in medieval and early modern Scotland"|autoro=Elizabeth Ewan, Janay Nugent|publikigita ye=2008}}</ref>. En [[1700]], pos la [[batalio di Narva]] [[Rusa imperio|Rus]] armeo preske destruktesis, ma lora rejulo [[Karl la 12ma di Suedia]] decidis pose atakar [[Polonia-Lituania]], e vinkis Polona rejulo August la 2ma. To posibligis Rusa imperio modernigar sua armeo. En [[1709]], kande Suedia atakis Rusia, Rusi vinkis la [[batalio di Poltava]]. To esis la komenco dil fino por Sueda imperio. [[Arkivo:Norway-Sweden_1905.svg|thumb|250px|[[Suedia-Norvegia]] en 1905.]] En [[1809]], l'esto dil imperio cedesis a Rusia e divenis l'autonoma [[Finlando|Granda Princio Finlando]]. Dum [[Napoléon la 1ma|Napoleonal epoko]] Suedia kombatis kontre [[Francia]] e, pos vinkir la [[batalio di Leipzig]], ol koaktis [[Dania-Norvegia]] cedar [[Norvegia]]na teritorio ye la [[14ma di januaro]] [[1814]]. L'uniono [[Suedia-Norvegia]] duris til [[1905]], kande Norvegia [[nedependo|nedependanteskis]]. De [[1850]] til [[1910]] plua kam 1 milion Suedi ekmigris vers [[Usa]]. Multi establisis su en [[Minnesota]]. De [[1870]] til [[1914]], la lando gradope transformesis en [[industrio|industrial ekonomio]]. En [[1889]], Sueda social-demokrata partiso fondesis. En [[1917]] [[komunismo|komunista]] revolto faliis, e la [[demokratio]] duris expansar. Suedia restis neutra dum la du [[mondomilito|mondomiliti]], ma lua [[neutreso]] esis kontroversa.<ref>Nordstrom, p. 315: "Sweden's government attempted to maintain at least a semblance of neutrality while it bent to the demands of the prevailing side in the struggle. Although effective in preserving the country's sovereignty, this approach generated criticism at home from many who believed the threat to Sweden was less serious than the government claimed, problems with the warring powers, ill feelings among its neighbours, and frequent criticism in the postwar period."</ref> Dum la [[duesma mondomilito]] la lando restis sub influo de [[nacional-socialista Germania]]. Quankam furnisero di [[stalo]] a Germania dum la milito ol suportis [[Norvegia]]na rezisto, ed en [[1943]] ol helpis [[Dania|Dana]] [[judo|judi]] eskapar deporto a [[koncentreyo|koncentreyi]]. Sueda diplomacisto [[Raoul Wallenberg]] e lua kunlaborinti helpis salvar plua kam 100.000 judi de Hungaria.<ref>{{Extera ligilo|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/wallenberg.html |autoro=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org |titulo="Raoul Wallenberg"|vidita ye=13ma di marto 2013}}</ref> Suedia anke restis neutra dum la konkurso inter la [[Nord-Atlantikal Uniono]] e la [[Pakto di Warszawa]]. Tamen ol mantenis forta relati kun [[Usa]]. Ye la [[1ma di januaro]] [[1995]], la lando membreskis [[Europana Uniono]]. Nun, Suedia havas un ek la maxim granda [[Indexo pri homala developeso]] de la mondo. ==Politiko == [[Arkivo:King and Queen of Sweden.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Karl la 16ma Gustaf]] e [[Silvia de Suedia]].]] Suedia esas [[konstitucala monarkio]]. La nomizita "[[konstituco]]" di Suedia ne esas singla dokumento, ma fakte konsistas ek quar fundamentala legi: guvernala lego (''Regeringsformen'') de 1974, sucedo-lego (''Successionsordningen'', pri la sucedo en la trono Sueda) de 1810, la Lego pri Libereso por Amas-komunikado (''Tryckfrihetsförordningen'') de 1949, e la lego pri libereso di parolado (''Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen'') de 1991. Emendar o revizar ta legi ne esas tam facila kam modifikar altra legi: la parlamento mustas aprovar la modifiki du foyi, e mustas eventar general elekto inter la du aprobi. Altra lego, pri l'organizuro di legifala povo (''Riksdagsordningen''), establisesis en [[1974]]. Ol ne judikesas kom fundamentala lego, ma kelka parti di ol ank esas nefacila por modifikar. La lego pri funcionado dil [[parlamento]] (''Riksdagsordningen'') ne judikesas kom fundamentala lego, tamen kelka parti de ol ne povas facile modifikesar. L'[[exekutiva povo]] konsistas ek la rejo, la chefministro e la ministraro. La rejo esas la [[chefo di stato]], ma nur havas ceremoniala povi. La [[chefministro]] esas la [[chefo di guvernerio]], e nominas la cetera ministri. De pos 1976, la chefministro elektesas dal Parlamento. [[Arkivo:Riksdagen June 2011.jpg|thumb|left|320px|L'edifico dil Parlamento (''Riksdag'').]] La Parlamento (''Riksdag'') esas la supra autoritato dil guvernerio, segun la [[konstituco]]. Ol esas singlachambra e havas 349 membri, qui elektesas direte dal populo por 4-yara periodo. La propozo di nova legi povas facesar ambe dal parlamentani e da la ministraro. Modifikuri en la fundamentala legi povos facesar se ol aprobesos da absoluta majoritato en du separata votadi. Inter ca du votadi mustas eventar general elekto. [[Arkivo:Bondeska_palatset_Högsta_domstolen_söderut.jpg|thumb|320px|Palaco ''Bonde'', sideyo di la Supra Korto.]] La [[Judiciala povo]] konsistas ek 48 administrala korti (en [[Sueda linguo|Sueda]] ''tingsrätt'', korti di unesma instanco), l'administrala apelo-korti (Sueda ''hovrätt''), e la Supra Judiciala Korto ('' Högsta domstolen''), la triesma e maxim alta korto di la lando kun 16 membri. Sueda legaro influesis da legari Germana, Romana ed Angla-Usana, e ne esas tante kodexigita kam olta di Franca, e ne tante dependanta de judiciala praktiki e de antea judiciadi kam olta di Usa. En [[1999]], aprobesis lego qua separas l'eklezio de la stato. Pos ta lego, la filii di membri del Eklezio di Suedia naskinta pos 1999 ne pluse judikesas automatale kom membri de ta eklezio pos nasko. ===Plebiciti === Til 2022, eventis sis plebiciti depos la introdukto di olia yurala provizo en 1922. L'unesma, ye la 27ma di agosto 1922, esis plebicito, ne-obligiva por la guvernerio, pri interdikto di [[Alkoholoza drinkaji|alkoholo]]. To iniciesis da sobresala societi en Suedia. Lor, 55,1% votis, de ti qui darfis votar; e 51% ek li votis kontre la propozo. Segun sexuo, 59% de homini votis por la propozo, e 59% de homuli votis kontre. La maxim recenta plebicito, en 2003, koncernis la adopto di la [[Euro]] kom Sueda monetaro. To refuzesis da 55,9% de la votanti. ==Geografio == [[Arkivo:Map of Sweden Cities (polar stereographic).png|thumb|250px|Provinci, precipua urbi e lagi di Suedia.]] [[Arkivo:Kebnekaise_viewed_from_Tarfala_valley_-_narrower_crop.jpg|thumb|left|320px|Monto ''Kebnekaise''.]] Suedia okupas l'esto di Skandinaviana peninsulo. Weste, montaro nomizita ''Skanderna'', anke konocata kom "Skandinavian Alpi" separas la lando de [[Norvegia]]. Suedia okupas teritorii inter [[latitudo|latitudi]] 55°N til 70°N, e [[longitudo|longitudi]] 10°E til 25°E. La maxim alta monto di Suedia esas ''Kebnekaise'', kun {{formatnum:2111}} metri di [[altitudo]], jacanta norde de la lando e poke distanta de la frontiero kun Norvegia. Granda parto di la teritorio Sueda esas plana kun multa [[lago|lagi]], qui kovras 1,8% de lua surfaco. La lago Vänern esas la maxim granda de Suedia e la 3ma maxim granda de [[Europa]]. Lua precipua fluvii esas Klarälven, longa de 660 km, Torne, longa de 570 km, e Dal, longa de 541,7 km. Sude de Suedia jacas Dana insulo [[Bornholm]] . [[Arkivo:Lapporten 2.jpg|thumb|320px|left|Paso Lapporten, en [[Laponia]].]] On povas dividar Suedia en tri regioni: Norrland (an la nordo, qua okupas plu kam la duimo di la lando e havas poka habitanti), Svealand (centro-sude) e [[Götaland]] (sude de la lando, ube koncentresas la habitantaro). La maxima temperaturi dum [[somero]] en la regioni Svealand e Götland varias de 20°C til 25°C, e la mezavalora temperaturo dum [[vintro]] varias de-6°C til 2°C<ref>{{Extera ligilo|url=http://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/temperatur/1.3976 |titulo=«Normal medeltemperaturs för januari»|autoro=SMHI.se}}</ref>. Cirkume 15% de Sueda teritorio jacas super la [[Polala Arktika Cirklo]]. La mezavalora [[pluvo-quanto]] di Suedia varias de 500 mm til 800 mm omnayare. La sud-westo di la lando recevas 1.000 til 1.200 mm di pluvi, dum ke en la montoza regioni del nordo povas pluvar cirkume 2.000 mm omnayare. [[Nivo]] falas de decembro til marto en Götland, de novembro til aprilo en Svealand, e de oktobro til mayo en Norrland. Suedia subdividesas en 21 provinci ([[län]]). ==Ekonomio == {{PA|Ekonomio di Suedia}} La moderna Sueda [[ekonomio]] mixas statal entraprezi e privata kompanii e orientizas su vers exportacaji ed internaciona [[komerco]]. La lando havas bona sistemi di chosei e di [[telekomuniko|telekomuniki]], e laboro-povo bone instruktita: ek lua 4.9 milion laboristi, 1/3 kompletigis [[universitato|universitatala studii]]. ==Demografio == [[Arkivo:Kungstradg rden (2560839047).jpg|320px|thumb|Cirkume 88% de la habitantaro di Suedia decendas de Germanala populi.]] [[Arkivo:Four Swedish Saami women from Wirijaure Staloluokta outside the shop in Furulund.jpg|thumb|left|320px|Mulieri di etnio Sami kun tradicionala vestaro, 1916.]] Segun statistiki de 2022, Suedia havis {{formatnum:10483647}} habitanti.<ref name=CIA/> Cirkume 98% de lua habitantaro rezidas en urbala zoni. La maxim multa habitanti esas Suedi, populo de Germanala origino. [[Finlando|Finlandani]] e Sami esas minoritati. Existas multa enmigranti, nome de [[Siria]], [[Irak]], [[Polonia]], [[Iran]] e del anciena [[Yugoslavia]]. En 2007, 16,7% de la habitantaro (1,53 milion individui) havis adminime 1 parento qua naskis exterlande, nome en altra [[Skandinavia]]na landi.<ref>{{Extera ligilo |titulo=Sveriges belfolkning 31 december 2006. Kommunala jämförelsetal|url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/BE/BE0101/2006A01/Be0101KomJmfBef_2006.xls |editero=SCB.se |vidita ye=11ma di decembro 2010|autoro=SCB|publikigita ye=2006 |idiomo={{sv}}|formato=XLS}}</ref> L'oficala linguo di la lando esas [[Sueda linguo|Sueda]]. Finlandana, la linguo Sami, Yidisha, Romani, Meankieli ank esas minoritala lingui oficala en kelka regjoni.<ref name=CIA/> La [[religio]] kun maxim granda nombro di adepti esas [[Luteranismo]]: 63% ek la habitantaro. Altra religii (Katolikismo, Ortodoxa kristanismo, Baptisti, Mohamedani, Judi e Budisti) esis 17% en 2016.<ref name=CIA/> {{10 maxim grand urbi | regiono=Suedia | dato=2012 | nomo1 =Stockholm | hab1 =1293176 | nomo2 =Göteborg | hab2 =549839 | nomo3 =Malmö | hab3 =269549 | nomo4 =Uppsala | hab4 =135367 | nomo5 =Västerås | hab5 =109092 | nomo6 =Örebro | hab6 =101614 | nomo7 =Linköping | hab7 =101031 | nomo8 =Helsingborg | hab8 =95886 | nomo9 =Jönköping | hab9 =87549 | nomo10 =Norrköping | hab10=84322 | imajo1 =Riddarholmen from Stockholm City Hall tower.jpg | imajo2 =View of Göteborg from Älvsborgsbron 2009-10-02 a.jpg | fonto=<ref name=ciudades>{{Extera ligilo|titulo=Suecia - las ciudades más importantes |vidita ye=26ma di januaro 2012|url=http://population-statistics.com/wg.php?x=1263119881&men=gcis&lng=es&des=gamelan&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-189|publikigita ye=2012|editero=Population-Statistics.com |autoro=World Gazetteer}}</ref> }} ==Kulturo == [[Arkivo:Portrait of August Strindberg by Richard Bergh 1905.jpg|thumb|250px|[[August Strindberg]]]] [[Arkivo:Transtroemer.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Tomas Tranströmer]]]] La tradicionala [[kulturo]] di Suedia influesis da [[katolikismo]], da Luteranismo, e da kulturi Germana, Franca ed Angla-parolanta dum lua historio. La lando havas 14 loki judikata kom Mondala Patrimonio di la Homaro dal [[UNESKO]]. Existas 330 biblioteki e plu kam 200 muzei en la lando, la maxim multa en [[Stockholm]] ed en altra importanta urbi. La maxim anciena skripturo trovita en Suedia esis [[runo]] taliita da Vikingi cirkume la yaro 800. Pos ke la lando konvertesis a [[Kristanismo]] cirkume la yaro 1100, monaki preferis uzar la [[Latina linguo|Latina]] por skribar texti. La [[literaturo]] en Sueda fakte developesis erste pos la traduko di la [[Biblo]] a ca idiomo, publikigita en 1541. Gradope, kun la plubonigo dil eduko dum la 17ma yarcento aparis importanta skriptisti, exemple klasika poeto [[Georg Stiernhielm]], e prozisto [[Johan Henric Kellgren]]. Dum la fino dil 18ma yarcento, [[Carl Michael Bellman]] unesmafoye skribis busleska romanci en la Sueda. Ye la fino dil 19ma yarcento, l'aktoro e skriptisto [[August Strindberg]] obtenis internaciona agnosko, pro ilua [[realismo|realista]] dramati. Dum la yari 1900a, [[Hjalmar Söderberg]] esis un ek la maxim importanta novelisti di la lando. Til nun, ok Sueda skriptisti recevis la [[Listo di Nobel-laureati pri literaturo|Nobel-premio]] pri [[Literaturo]]: [[Selma Lagerlöf]] en 1909, [[Verner von Heidenstam]] en 1916, [[Erik Axel Karlfeldt]] en 1931 [[Pär Lagerkvist]] en 1951, [[Harry Martinson]] e [[Eyvind Johnson]] en 1974, e [[Tomas Tranströmer]] en 2013. Pri pikturo, la maxim konocata Sueda artisti esas [[Carl Larsson]] ed [[Anders Zorn]]. Lua maxim konocata [[skulto|skultisti]] esas [[Tobias Sergel]] e [[Carl Milles]]. De la yari 1920a til la 1980a, Sueda filmifisto [[Ingmar Bergman]] ed aktorini [[Greta Garbo]] ed [[Ingrid Bergman]] divenis internacione konocata. [[Arkivo:ABBA_-_TopPop_1974_1.png|thumb|250px|[[ABBA]].]] [[Muziko|Muzikala tradiciono]] di Suedia esas richa, de la folklora muziki til [[hip hop]]. Quankam la muziko pre-Kristana desaparis dum la historio, muzikala instrumenti de Viking-epoko trovita en arkeologiala loki posibligis "rikrear" ol. Inter l'anciena instrumenti esas ''lur'' (simile a [[trumpeto]]), diversa [[fluto|fluti]], tamburi e kordo-instrumenti simpla. Moderne, [[rock]] e [[jazo]] esas importanta muzikala stili en Suedia. La muzikala grupo [[ABBA]] populareskis en tota mondo dum la [[yari 1970a]]. Altra notora [[pop]]-grupi de Suedia esas [[Roxette]], [[Ace of Base]], Europe e [[The Cardigans]]. ===Sporto=== Cirkume la duimo di Suediana habitantaro praktikas sporti reguloze. La maxim praktikata esas [[futbalo]], ''floorball'' (sorto di [[hokeo]] por 5 luderi), [[kavalk-arto]], [[handbalo]], [[golfo]], [[gimnastiko]] ed [[atletismo]]. La maxim prizata da spektanti esas futbalo, [[hokeo sur glacio]], [[handbalo]], ''bandy'', [[golfo]], [[automobilismo]] e [[motorciklismo]], ed [[atletismo]]. Pri futbalo, kelka ludisti Sueda obtenis internaciona aklamo, exemple [[Emil Forsberg]], [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]], [[Victor Lindelöf]], e tri futbalisti de la yari 1940a e 1950a, konocata kom "Gre-No-Li": Gunnar Gren, Gunnar Nordahl e Nils Liedholm. La tri helpis Suedia obtenar l'ora medalio pri futbalo dum l'[[Olimpiala Ludi en London, 1948]]. ==Referi == {{reflist}} {{Template:EU-stati}} [[Kategorio:Suedia| ]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Shabloni uzata en ica pagino: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:10_maxim_grand_urbi" title="Shablono:10 maxim grand urbi">Shablono:10 maxim grand urbi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:10_maxim_grand_urbi&action=edit" title="Shablono:10 maxim grand urbi">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Blazono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shablono:Blazono (pagino ne existas)">Shablono:Blazono</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Blazono&action=edit" class="new" title="Shablono:Blazono (pagino ne existas)">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Center" title="Shablono:Center">Shablono:Center</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Center&action=edit" title="Shablono:Center">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:EU-stati" title="Shablono:EU-stati">Shablono:EU-stati</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:EU-stati&action=edit" title="Shablono:EU-stati">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Extera_ligilo" title="Shablono:Extera ligilo">Shablono:Extera ligilo</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Extera_ligilo&action=edit" title="Shablono:Extera ligilo">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Landi" title="Shablono:Landi">Shablono:Landi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Landi&action=edit" title="Shablono:Landi">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:PA" title="Shablono:PA">Shablono:PA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:PA&action=edit" title="Shablono:PA">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Reflist" title="Shablono:Reflist">Shablono:Reflist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Reflist&action=edit" title="Shablono:Reflist">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Sv" title="Shablono:Sv">Shablono:Sv</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Sv&action=edit" title="Shablono:Sv">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modulo:No_globals" title="Modulo:No globals">Modulo:No globals</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:No_globals&action=edit" title="Modulo:No globals">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modulo:Wikidata" title="Modulo:Wikidata">Modulo:Wikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:Wikidata&action=edit" title="Modulo:Wikidata">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:Wikidata/i18n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modulo:Wikidata/i18n (pagino ne existas)">Modulo:Wikidata/i18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:Wikidata/i18n&action=edit" class="new" title="Modulo:Wikidata/i18n (pagino ne existas)">redaktar</a>) </li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Retrovenar a la pagino di <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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