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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Tones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definite_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definite_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Definite articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definite_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indefinite_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indefinite_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Indefinite articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indefinite_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Word_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Word_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Word order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Word_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Tenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interrogative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interrogative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Interrogative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interrogative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inflection_for_person" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inflection_for_person"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Inflection for person</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inflection_for_person-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Case</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Writing systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rohingya_Hanifi_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rohingya_Hanifi_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rohingya Hanifi script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rohingya_Hanifi_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rohingya_Arabic_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rohingya_Arabic_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rohingya Arabic script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rohingya_Arabic_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rohingya_Latin_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rohingya_Latin_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Rohingya Latin script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rohingya_Latin_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sample text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rohingya language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الروهينغية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الروهينغية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰহিঙীয়া ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰহিঙীয়া ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohinca_dili" title="Rohinca dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rohinca dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="روهینجیا دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روهینجیا دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="রোহিঙ্গা ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোহিঙ্গা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingja_keel" title="Rohingja keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rohingja keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_rohiny%C3%A1" title="Idioma rohinyá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma rohinyá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohin%C4%9Da_lingvo" title="Rohinĝa lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rohinĝa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="زبان روهینگیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان روهینگیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_(langue)" title="Rohingya (langue) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rohingya (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rohingya" title="Lingua rohingya – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua rohingya" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%ED%9E%9D%EC%95%BC%EC%96%B4" title="로힝야어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로힝야어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोहिंग्या भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोहिंग्या भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rohingya" title="Bahasa Rohingya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Rohingya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rohingya" title="Lingua rohingya – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua rohingya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Рохингъя (кыв) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рохингъя (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohinj%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rohinjų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rohinjų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="റോഹിംഗ്യൻ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോഹിംഗ്യൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="روهینگیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روهینگیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rohingya" title="Bahasa Rohingya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Rohingya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ရိုဟင်ဂျာ ဘာသာစကား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရိုဟင်ဂျာ ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="ロヒンギャ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロヒンギャ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya" title="Rohingya – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rohingya" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰੋਹਿੰਗਿਆ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਹਿੰਗਿਆ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%81%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="روہنگیا بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روہنگیا بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_rohingya" title="Język rohingya – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język rohingya" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_ruainga" title="Língua ruainga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua ruainga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Рохинджа (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рохинджа (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rohingya language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya" title="Rohingya – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rohingya" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2" title="ภาษาโรฮีนจา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาโรฮีนจา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingyaca" title="Rohingyaca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rohingyaca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Рогінджа (мова) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рогінджа (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Rohingya" title="Tiếng Rohingya – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Rohingya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%88%88%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅興亞語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅興亞語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rohingya" title="Bahasa Rohingya – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Rohingya" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Rohingya</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1009643411">.mw-parser-output .script-Rohg{font-family:"Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya"}</style><span class="script-Rohg">𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝</span></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ</span>‎, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">رُآ࣪يڠۡگَࢬ</span>‎</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rohingya.png" class="mw-file-description" title="upright= Portrait of indigenous Rohingya family of Arakan"><img alt="upright= Portrait of indigenous Rohingya family of Arakan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rohingya.png/220px-Rohingya.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rohingya.png/330px-Rohingya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rohingya.png/440px-Rohingya.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="306" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">The word "Rohingya" written in the <a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya script</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Rakhine State</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Rakhine State (Myanmar) and southeastern <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Division" title="Chittagong Division">Chittagong Division</a> (Bangladesh)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2.5 million (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-e26_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e26-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Eastern Indo-Aryan languages">Eastern</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_languages" title="Bengali–Assamese languages">Bengali–Assamese</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Rohingya</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Perso-Arabic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet" title="Rohingya Arabic Alphabet">Rohingya Arabic Alphabet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (Rohingyalish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a> (rare)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/rhg" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:rhg">rhg</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/rohi1238">rohi1238</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rohingya_language_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rohingya_language_map.png/220px-Rohingya_language_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="462" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rohingya_language_map.png/330px-Rohingya_language_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rohingya_language_map.png/440px-Rohingya_language_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2520" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Traditional area of Rohingya speakers</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Rohingya_people" title="Category:Rohingya people">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya people</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rohingya_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rohingya_flag.svg/150px-Rohingya_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rohingya_flag.svg/225px-Rohingya_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rohingya_flag.svg/300px-Rohingya_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="267" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohingya culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rohingya_diaspora" title="Category:Rohingya diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Rohingya_people" title="Flag of the Rohingya people">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people#History" title="Rohingya people">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Homeland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rohingya_people" title="List of Rohingya people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people#Religion" title="Rohingya people">Religion</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims_in_Myanmar" title="Persecution of Muslims in Myanmar">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Genocide</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Rohingya_people" title="Category:Rohingya people">Category</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rohingya_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rohingya people">Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rohingya_people" title="Template:Rohingya people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Rohingya_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Rohingya people (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rohingya_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rohingya people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rohingya</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>-,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009643411"><span class="script-Rohg">𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝</span>, <span title="Rohingya-language romanization"><i lang="rhg-Latn">Ruáingga</i></span>,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ</span>‎,<sup id="cite_ref-fonna_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fonna-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[rʊˈɜiɲɟə]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan language</a> spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Rakhine State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Eastern Indo-Aryan languages">Eastern Indo-Aryan language</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_languages" title="Bengali–Assamese languages">Bengali–Assamese</a> branch, and is closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Chittagonian_language" title="Chittagonian language">Chittagonian language</a> spoken in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. The Rohingya and Chittagonian languages have a high degree of mutual intelligibility.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rohingya has primarily the following 25 native consonant phonemes. There are some other consonant phonemes which are from foreign languages such as Arabic, Bengali, Burmese and Urdu. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Rohingya consonants<sup id="cite_ref-website_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap consonant">Flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">lateral</a></span> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>A dental fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>]</span> may also be heard in words of Arabic origin.</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>]</span> is only used in words of foreign origin.</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>/</span> is heard as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a>]</span> when preceding <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʈ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɖ/</span>.</li> <li>Allophones of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡ/</span> can be heard as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[c,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɟ]</span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="In what context? (October 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>1st analysis<sup id="cite_ref-website_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>2nd analysis<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Short allophones of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e,<span class="wrap"> </span>a/</span> are heard as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ,<span class="wrap"> </span>æ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʌ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ə]</span>. Allophones of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i,<span class="wrap"> </span>u/</span> are heard as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊ]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There are six vowels and several diphthongs in the Rohingya language.<sup id="cite_ref-scribd_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They contrast between "open-o" (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>]</span>) and "closed-o" (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>]</span>) by using the different spellings <span class="nowrap">⟨o⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨ó⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨ou⟩</span>/<span class="nowrap">⟨óu⟩</span> respectively. According to another, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>]</span> is interpreted instead as a diphthong <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔu]</span>, leaving only 5 vowels.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tones">Tones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Accented vowels, marked with an <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a>, represent stressed (or "hard" vowels), and repeating a vowel lengthens it.<sup id="cite_ref-website_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, tonals are marked by arranging the location of a stressed vowel in a lengthened pair, like <span class="nowrap">⟨aá⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨áa⟩</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-website_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definite_articles">Definite articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Definite articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. If a noun ends with a vowel then the article is either <b>an</b> or <b>wa</b> if singular, or <b>un</b> or <b>in</b> if plural or uncountable.<br />Usually <b>wa</b> is used for round-fatty objects, and <b>an</b> for flat-thin objects. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">singular</th> <th colspan="2">plural </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kéti án</td> <td>(the farm)</td> <td>Kéti ún/ín</td> <td>(the farms) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fothú án</td> <td>(the photo)</td> <td>Fothú ún/ín</td> <td>(the photo) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fata wá</td> <td>(the leaf)</td> <td>Fata ún/ín</td> <td>(the leaves) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boro wá</td> <td>(the large tree)</td> <td>Boro ún/ín</td> <td>(the large trees) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Lou ún/ín</td> <td>(the blood) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>2. If a noun ends with a consonant then the article is the end-consonant plus <b>án</b> or <b>wá</b> for singular or <b>ún</b> or <b>ín</b> for plural. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Deba<b>l</b> <b>l</b>án</td> <td>(the wall)</td> <td>Deba<b>l</b> <b>l</b>ún/<b>l</b>ín</td> <td>(the walls) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Me<b>s</b> <b>s</b>án</td> <td>(the table)</td> <td>Me<b>s</b> <b>s</b>ún/<b>s</b>ín</td> <td>(the tables) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kita<b>p</b> <b>p</b>wá</td> <td>(the book)</td> <td>Kita<b>p</b> <b>p</b>ún/<b>p</b>ín</td> <td>(the books) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manúi<b>c</b> <b>c</b>wá</td> <td>(the man)</td> <td>Manúi<b>c</b> <b>c</b>ún/<b>c</b>ín</td> <td>(the men) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>3. If a noun ends with <b>r</b>, then the article is <b>g</b> plus <b>án</b> or <b>wá</b> for singular or <b>ún</b> or <b>ín</b> for plural.<br /> <b>gún</b> is used for human and <b>gín</b> for non-human. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Tar <b>g</b>án</td> <td>(the wire)</td> <td>Tar <b>g</b>ún/<b>g</b>ín</td> <td>(the wires) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Duar <b>g</b>án</td> <td>(the door)</td> <td>Duar <b>g</b>ún/<b>g</b>ín</td> <td>(the doors) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kuñir <b>g</b>wá</td> <td>(the dog)</td> <td>Kuñir <b>g</b>ún/<b>g</b>ín</td> <td>(the dogs) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Faár <b>g</b>wá</td> <td>(the mountain)</td> <td>Faár <b>g</b>ún/<b>g</b>ín</td> <td>(the mountains) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indefinite_articles">Indefinite articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Indefinite articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indefinite articles can be used either before or after the noun. <b>Uggwá</b> usually is used for roll/round/fatty shaped objects and <b>ekkán</b> is for thin/flat shaped objects. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">singular</th> <th colspan="2">plural </th></tr> <tr> <td>Uggwá fata</td> <td>(a leaf)</td> <td>Hodún fata</td> <td>(some leaves) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ekkán fothú</td> <td>(a picture)</td> <td>Hodún Fothú</td> <td>(some pictures) </td></tr> <tr class="center"> <td colspan="2">-or-</td> <td colspan="2">-or- </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fata uggwá</td> <td>(a leaf)</td> <td>Fata hodún</td> <td>(some leaves) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fothú ekkán</td> <td>(a picture)</td> <td>Fothú hodún</td> <td>(some pictures) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Word_order">Word order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Word order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rohingya word order-1 is <b>Subject–Object–Verb</b>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bát</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rice</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí bát hái</p><p style="display: none;">I rice eat.</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite</p><p style="margin: 0px;">He</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">TV</p><p style="margin: 0px;">TV</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">saá</p><p style="margin: 0px;">watches.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite TV saá</p><p style="display: none;">He TV watches.</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ibá</p><p style="margin: 0px;">She</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sairkél</p><p style="margin: 0px;">bicycle</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">soré</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rides.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ibá sairkél soré</p><p style="display: none;">She bicycle rides.</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Itará</p><p style="margin: 0px;">They</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ham ot</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to work</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">za</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Itará {ham ot} za</p><p style="display: none;">They {to work} go.</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Rohingya word order-2 is <b>Subject–Time-Place-Object–Verb</b>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ibá</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">beínna</p><p style="margin: 0px;">in the morning</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">gór ot</p><p style="margin: 0px;">at home</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bát</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rice</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ibá beínna {gór ot} bát há</p><p style="display: none;">I {in the morning} {at home} rice eat.</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tará</p><p style="margin: 0px;">They</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">biale</p><p style="margin: 0px;">at night</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">duan ot</p><p style="margin: 0px;">at shop</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">TV</p><p style="margin: 0px;">TV</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">saá</p><p style="margin: 0px;">watches.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tará biale {duan ot} TV saá</p><p style="display: none;">They {at night} {at shop} TV watches.</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite</p><p style="margin: 0px;">He</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sair gwá báze</p><p style="margin: 0px;">at 4pm</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hál hañsat</p><p style="margin: 0px;">at seaside</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sairkél</p><p style="margin: 0px;">bicycle</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">soré</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rides.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite {sair gwá báze} {hál hañsat} sairkél soré</p><p style="display: none;">He {at 4pm} {at seaside} bicycle rides.</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ítara</p><p style="margin: 0px;">They</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">nowá báze</p><p style="margin: 0px;">at 9 o'clock</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ofís ot</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to office</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ham ot</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to work</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">zaa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ítara {nowá báze} {ofís ot} {ham ot} zaa</p><p style="display: none;">They {at 9 o'clock} {to office} {to work} go.</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Rohingya word order-3 is <b>Subject–Time-[adjective]-Place-Object–[adverb]-Verb</b>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Subject</p><p style="margin: 0px;">You</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">aijja</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Time</p><p style="margin: 0px;">today</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">noya</p><p style="margin: 0px;">[Adjective]</p><p style="margin: 0px;">new</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">eskul ot</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Place</p><p style="margin: 0px;">at school</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">toratori/toratorigorí</p><p style="margin: 0px;">[Adverb]</p><p style="margin: 0px;">quickly</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">paathi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Object</p><p style="margin: 0px;">party</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">goró.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Verb</p><p style="margin: 0px;">make.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí aijja noya {eskul ot} toratori/toratorigorí paathi goró.</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Time [Adjective] Place [Adverb] Object Verb</p><p style="display: none;">You today new {at school} quickly party make.</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Rohingya word order-4 is <b>Subject–Time-[adjective]-Place-Object–[adverb]-Verb_1-Verb_2</b>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Subject</p><p style="margin: 0px;">You</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">aijja</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Time</p><p style="margin: 0px;">today</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">noya</p><p style="margin: 0px;">[Adjective]</p><p style="margin: 0px;">new</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">eskul ot</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Place</p><p style="margin: 0px;">at school</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">toratori/toratorigorí</p><p style="margin: 0px;">[Adverb]</p><p style="margin: 0px;">quickly</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">paathi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Object</p><p style="margin: 0px;">party</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">goittóu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Verb_1</p><p style="margin: 0px;">help</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">modot-goró.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Verb_2</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to make.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí aijja noya {eskul ot} toratori/toratorigorí paathi goittóu modot-goró.</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Time [Adjective] Place [Adverb] Object Verb_1 Verb_2</p><p style="display: none;">You today new {at school} quickly party help {to make}.</p><p style="clear: left;">You help to make party quickly at new school today.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>More on Time extension: </p> <ol><li>Aijja Januari 24 tarík ót, cón 2017 beínna 4 gwá báze 15 miníth 5 sekén ót.<br /><i>Today January dated 24, year 2017 in the morning at 4 o'clock 15 minutes 5 second.</i></li> <li>Hailla Januari 30 tarík ót, cón 2017 ázinna 5 swá báze 25 minith 7 sekén ót.<br /><i>Tomorrow January dated 30, year 2017 in the evening at 5 o'clock 25 minutes 7 second.</i></li> <li>Goto hailla Oktubor 10 tarík ót, cón 2018 rait or 10 cwá báze 35 miníth 50 sekén ot.<br /><i>Yesterday October dated 10, year 2018 in the night at 10 o'clock 35 minutes 50 second.</i></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenses">Tenses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rohingya distinguishes 3 <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_tense" title="Grammatical tense">tenses</a> and 4 <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_aspect" title="Grammatical aspect">aspects</a>, as shown in the examples below. In these tenses, the helping verb <b>félai</b> shows perfect action (comparable to English "has/have") and <b>félaat</b> shows perfect continuous action (compare English "has/have been"). The helping verb <b>táki</b> and <b>táikki</b> are comparable to English "be" and "been". </p><p>Verb-form-suffix (basic and/or helping verb) indicate both person and tense. The suffixes <b>~ir</b>, <b>~yi</b>, <b>~lám</b>, <b>~youm</b> are used for the first person, the suffixes <b>~or</b>, <b>~yó</b>, <b>~lá</b>, <b>~bá</b> for the 2nd person, and the suffixes <b>~ar</b>, <b>~ye</b>, <b>~l</b>, <b>~bou</b> for the 3rd person. </p><p>Similarly <b>~ir</b>, <b>~or</b>, <b>~ar</b> indicate present continuous tense, <b>~yi</b>, <b>~yó</b>, <b>~ye</b> present perfect tense, <b>~lám</b>, <b>~lá</b>, <b>~l</b> past tense, and <b>~youm</b>, <b>~bá</b>, <b>~bou</b> future tense. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th>1st person </th> <th>2nd person </th> <th>3rd person </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">present </th> <th>simple present </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái.</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hóo.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hó<b>s</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hóo.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hó<b>s</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You eat.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará há.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They eats/eats/eat.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>present progressive </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há<u>ir</u>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí há<u>ir</u>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I am eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hó<u>or</u>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hó<u>or</u>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hó<u>or</u>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hó<u>or</u>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You are eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">h<u>ár</u>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará h<u>ár</u>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They is/is/are eat<u>ing</u>.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">boi.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará hái boi.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They is/is/are eat<u>ing</u>.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>perfect </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>yi</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái félai<b>yi</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I have eaten.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>yó</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>yós</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hái félai<b>yó</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hái félai<b>yós</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You have eaten.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>ye</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará hái félai<b>ye</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They has/has/have eaten.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>perfect continuous </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>ir</u>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái féla<u>ir</u>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I have been eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félo<u>or</u>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félo<u>or</u>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hái félo<u>or</u>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hái félo<u>or</u>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You have been eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>ar</u>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará hái féla<u>ar</u>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They has/has/have been eat<u>ing</u>.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5">Past </th> <th>near past </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>yi</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái<b>yi</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I ate.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>yo</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>yós</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hái<b>yo</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hái<b>yós</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You ate.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">háai<b>ye</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará háai<b>ye</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They ate.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>far past </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">háai<b>lam</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí háai<b>lam</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I ate.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">háai<b>lá</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">háai<b>lí</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne háai<b>lá</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui háai<b>lí</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You ate.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">háai<b>l</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará háai<b>l</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They ate.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>past progressive </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táikki<b>lám</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí há<u>at</u> táikki<b>lám</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I was eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há<u>at</u></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táikki<b>lá</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táikki<b>lí</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne há<u>at</u> táikki<b>lá</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui há<u>at</u> táikki<b>lí</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You were eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táikki<b>l</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará há<u>at</u> táikki<b>l</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They was/was/were eat<u>ing</u>.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>perfect </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>lám</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái félai<b>lám</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I had eaten.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>lá</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>lí</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hái félai<b>lá</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hái félai<b>lí</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You had eaten.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>l</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará hái félai<b>l</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They had eaten.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>perfect continuous </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táikki<b>lám</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái féla<u>at</u> táikki<b>lám</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I had been eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>at</u></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táikki<b>lá</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táikki<b>lí</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hái féla<u>at</u> táikki<b>lá</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hái féla<u>at</u> táikki<b>lí</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You had been eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táikki<b>l</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará hái féla<u>at</u> táikki<b>l</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They had been eat<u>ing</u>.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Future </th> <th>simple future </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>youm</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái<b>youm</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I will eat.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>ba</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>bí</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hái<b>ba</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hái<b>bí</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You will eat.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>bou</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará hái<b>bou</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They <b>will</b> eat.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>future progressive </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táki<b>youm</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí há<u>at</u> táki<b>youm</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I will be eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>youm</b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">boi.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái<b>youm</b> boi.</p><p style="clear: left;">I will be eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há<u>at</u></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táki<b>bá</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táki<b>bí</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne há<u>at</u> táki<b>bá</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui há<u>at</u> táki<b>bí</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You will be eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>ba</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>bi</b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">goi.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">goi.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hái<b>ba</b> goi.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hái<b>bi</b> goi.</p><p style="clear: left;">You will be eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">há<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táki<b>bou</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará há<u>at</u> táki<b>bou</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They <b>will</b> be eat<u>ing</u>.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái<b>bou</b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">goi.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará hái<b>bou</b> goi.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They <b>will</b> be eat<u>ing</u>.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>perfect </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>youm</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái félai<b>youm</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I will have eaten.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>bá</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>bí</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hái félai<b>bá</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hái félai<b>bí</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You will have eaten.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">félai<b>bou</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará hái félai<b>bou</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They <b>will</b> has/has/have eaten.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>perfect continuous </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Añí</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táki<b>youm</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Añí hái féla<u>at</u> táki<b>youm</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">I will have been eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tuñí/Oñne</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tui</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>at</u></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táki<b>bá</b>.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táki<b>bí</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Tuñí/Oñne hái féla<u>at</u> táki<b>bá</b>.</p><p style="display: none;">Tui hái féla<u>at</u> táki<b>bí</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">You will have been eating.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ite/Ibá/Itará</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hái</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">féla<u>at</u></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">táki<b>bou</b>.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ite/Ibá/Itará hái féla<u>at</u> táki<b>bou</b>.</p><p style="clear: left;">He/She/They <b>will</b> has/has/have been eat<u>ing</u>.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:center">Number </th> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:center">Person </th> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:center">Gender </th> <th colspan="4">Pronouns </th> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:center">Possessive<br />adjectives </th></tr> <tr> <th>Subject</th> <th>Object</th> <th>Possessive</th> <th>Reflexive </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5" style="font-weight:normal">Singular </th> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">1st </th> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">m/f (<b>I</b>) </th> <td>añí, mui</td> <td>añáre, moré</td> <td>añár, mor</td> <td>añínize, muinize</td> <td>añár, mor </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">2nd </th> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">m/f (<b>you</b>) </th> <td>tuñí<br />tui<br />oñne</td> <td>tuáñre<br />toré<br />oñnoré</td> <td>tuáñr<br />tor<br />oñnor</td> <td>tuñínize<br />tuinize<br />oñnenize</td> <td>tuáñr<br />tor<br />oñnor </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">3rd </th> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">m (<b>he</b>) </th> <td>ite *<br />te *<br />uite **<br />íte **</td> <td>itaré<br />taré<br />uitaré<br />ítare</td> <td>itar<br />tar<br />uitar<br />ítar</td> <td>itenize<br />tenize<br />uitenize<br />ítenize</td> <td>itar<br />tar<br />uitar<br />ítar </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">m/f (<b>he/she</b>) </th> <td>ibá *<br />uibá **<br />íba **</td> <td>ibáre<br />uibáre<br />íbare</td> <td>ibár<br />uibár<br />íbar</td> <td>ibánize<br />uibánize<br />íbanize</td> <td>ibár<br />uibár<br />íbar </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">n (<b>it</b>) </th> <td>yián<br />ibá<br />yían **<br />íba **</td> <td>yiánóre<br />ibáre<br />yíanóre<br />íbare</td> <td>yiánór<br />ibár<br />yíanór<br />íbar</td> <td>yiánnize<br />ibánize<br />yíannize<br />íbanize</td> <td>yiánór<br />ibár<br />yíanór<br />íbar </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4" style="font-weight:normal">Plural </th> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">1st </th> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">m/f (<b>we</b>) </th> <td>añára</td> <td>añáráre</td> <td>añárar</td> <td>añáránize</td> <td>añárar </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">2nd </th> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">m/f (<b>you</b>) </th> <td>tuáñra</td> <td>tuáñráre</td> <td>tuáñrar</td> <td>tuáñránize</td> <td>tuáñrar </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">3rd </th> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">m/f (<b>they</b>) </th> <td>itará *<br />tará *<br />uitará **<br />ítara **</td> <td>itaráre<br />taráre<br />uitaráre<br />ítarare</td> <td>itarár<br />tarár<br />uitarár<br />ítarar</td> <td>itaránize<br />taránize<br />uitaránize<br />ítaranize</td> <td>itarár<br />tarár<br />uitarár<br />ítarar </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:center; font-weight:normal">n (<b>they</b>) </th> <td>iín *<br />íin **<br />uún<br />úun **<br />uuín **</td> <td>iínóre<br />íinóre<br />uúnóre<br />úunóre<br />uuínóre</td> <td>iínór<br />íinór<br />uúnór<br />úunór<br />uuínór</td> <td>iínnize<br />íinnize<br />uúnnize<br />úunnize<br />uuínnize</td> <td>iínór<br />íinór<br />uúnór<br />úunór<br />uuínór </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gender: m=<i>male</i>, f=<i>female</i>, n=<i>neuter</i>, *=<i>the person or object is near</i>, **=<i>the person or object is far</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interrogative">Interrogative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Interrogative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The interrogative is indicated by <b>né</b> at the end of the sentence. </p><p>Itattú gór ekkán asé <b>né</b>? [Does he have a house?]<br /> Itattú gór ekkán asé. [He has a house.]<br /> Ibá za <b>né</b>? [Does she go?]<br /> Ibá za. [She goes.]<br /> Itará giyé <b>né</b>? [Did they go?]<br /> Itará giyé. [They went.] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflection_for_person">Inflection for person</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Inflection for person"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rohingya verbs indicate person by suffixes. </p><p><b>Present Tense</b><br /> lek = write (command to you sg.)<br /> lekí = I/we write.<br /> lekó = write (command to you pl.)<br /> lekós = You write (sg./pl.).<br /> leké = He/she/they write(s). </p><p><b>Present Continuous Tense</b><br /> lekír = I/we am/are writing.<br /> lekór = You (sg./pl.) are writing.<br /> lekér = He/she/they is/are writing. </p><p><b>Present Perfect Tense</b><br /> lekífélaiyi = I/we have written.<br /> lekífélaiyo = You (sg./pl.) have written.<br /> lekífélaiyós = You (sg.) have written. (<i>used to very closed people</i>)<br /> lekífélaiye = He/she/they has/have written. </p><p><b>Future Tense</b><br /> lekíyóum = I/we will write.<br /> lekíbá = You (sg./pl.) will write.<br /> lekíbi = You (sg.) will write. (<i>used to very closed people</i>)<br /> lekíbóu = He/she/they will write. </p><p><b>Past Tense (Immediate/near past)</b><br /> leikkí = I/we wrote.<br /> leikkó = You (sg./pl.) wrote.<br /> leikkós = You (sg.) wrote. (<i>used to very closed people</i>)<br /> leikké = He/she/they wrote. </p><p><b>Past Tense (Remote past)</b><br /> leikkílám = I/we wrote long ago.<br /> leikkílá = You (sg./pl.) wrote long ago.<br /> leikkílí = You (sg.) wrote long ago. (<i>used to very closed people</i>)<br /> leikkíl = He/she/they wrote long ago. </p><p><b>Past Tense (If possibility)</b><br /> lekítám = I/we would have written.<br /> lekítá = You (sg./pl.) would have written.<br /> lekítí = You (sg.) would have written. (<i>used to very closed people</i>)<br /> lekítóu = He/she/they would have written. </p><p><b>Forming Noun, Doer, Tool, Action</b><br /> lek<b>óon</b> = act of writing.<br />         e.g. <i>Debalor uore <u>lekóon</u> gom noó.</i> Writing on wall is not good.<br /> lek<b>óya</b> = writer.<br />         e.g. <i>Itaráttú <u>lekóya</u> bicí.</i> They-have many writers.<br /> lek<b>óni</b> = thing with which you write.<br />         e.g. <i>Añártú honó <u>lekóni</u> nái.</i> I-have no any writing-thing (i.e. pen, pencil)<br /> lek<b>át</b> = in the action of writing.<br />         e.g. <i>Tui <u>lekát</u> asós.</i> You are busy-in-writing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Case">Case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of the case inflection are given below, using the singular forms of the Rohingya term for "hóliba (tailor)" which belongs to Rohingya's first declension class. </p> <ul><li><i>hóliba<b>ye</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Nominative_case" title="Nominative case">nominative</a>) "[the] hóliba" [as a subject] (e.g. <i>hólibaye tíai táikke éçe</i> – the tailor is standing there)</li> <li><i>hóliba<b>r</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive</a>) "[the] hóliba's / [of the] hóliba" (e.g. <i>hólibar nam Ahmed</i> – the tailor's name is Ahmed)</li> <li><i>hóliba<b>lla</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Dative_case" title="Dative case">dative</a>) "[to/for the] hóliba" [as an indirect object] (e.g. <i>hóliballa hádiya ekkán diyí</i> – I gave a present for the tailor)</li> <li><i>hóliba<b>re</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a>) "[the] hóliba" [as a direct object] (e.g. <i>Aññí hólibare deikkí</i> – I saw the tailor)</li> <li><i>hóliba<b>loi</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ablative_case" title="Ablative case">ablative</a>) "[by/with/from/in the] hóliba" [in various uses] (e.g. <i>Aññí hólibaloi duan ot giyí</i> – I went to the shop with the tailor).'</li> <li><b>óu</b><i> hóliba / hóliba <b>ya</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Vocative_case" title="Vocative case">vocative</a>) "[you] the hóliba" [addressing the object] (e.g. "<i>cúkuria tuáñre, óu hóliba (sáb)</i>" – thank you, tailor).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morphology">Morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seventy or more different forms are available in Rohingya. A hyphen (-) between letters is to be removed, it is used for initial understanding only — how the word is formed. </p> <dl><dt>Command</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek =write (sg.) <i>Tui yián ehón lek.</i> You write this right now.</li> <li>lek-ó =write (pl.) <i>Tuñí yián ehón lekó.</i> You write this right now.</li> <li>lek-á =cause to write <i>Tui/Tuñí John ór áta leká/lekó.</i> You ask John to write.</li> <li>lek-í-de =help to write <i>Tui/Tuñí ibáre lekíde/lekído.</i> You help John in writing.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Present</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-í =write (I) <i>Aññí hámicá gór ot lekí.</i> I always write at home.</li> <li>lek-ó =write (II) <i>Tuñí hámicá gór ot lekó.</i> You always write at home.</li> <li>lek-ó-s =write (IIa) <i>Tui hámicá gór ot lekós.</i> You always write at home.</li> <li>lek-é =write (III) <i>Tará hámicá gór ot leké.</i> They always write at home.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Continuous</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-í-r =writing (I) <i>Aññí ciñçí ekkán lekír.</i> I am writing a letter now.</li> <li>lek-ó-or =writing (II) <i>Tuñí/Tui ciñçí ekkán lekóor.</i> You are writing a letter now.</li> <li>lek-é-r =writing (III) <i>Tará ciñçí ekkán lekér.</i> They are writing a letter now.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Perfect</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-í-féla-iyi =have written (I) <i>Aññí ciñçí lekífélaiyi.</i> I have written a letter.</li> <li>lek-í-féla-iyo =have written (II) <i>Tuñí ciñçí lekífélaiyo.</i> You have written a letter.</li> <li>lek-í-féla-iyo-s =have written (IIa) <i>Tui ciñçí lekífélaiyos.</i> You have written a letter.</li> <li>lek-í-féla-iye =has/have written (III) <i>Tará ciñçí lekífélaiye.</i> They have written a letter.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Past</dt></dl> <ol><li>leik-kí =wrote (I) <i>Aññí ciñçí ekkán leikkí.</i> I wrote a letter.</li> <li>leik-kó =wrote (II) <i>Tuñí ciñçí ekkán leikkó.</i> You wrote a letter.</li> <li>leik-kó-s =wrote (IIa) <i>Tui ciñçí ekkán leikkós.</i> You wrote a letter.</li> <li>leik-ké =wrote (III) <i>Tará ciñçí ekkán leikké.</i> They wrote a letter.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Future</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-í-youm =will write (I) <i>Aññí ciñçí ekkán lekíyoum.</i> I will write a letter.</li> <li>lek-í-ba =will write (II) <i>Tuñí ciñçí ekkán lekíba.</i> You will write a letter.</li> <li>lek-í-bi =will write (IIa) <i>Tui ciñçí ekkán lekkíbi.</i> You will write a letter.</li> <li>lek-í-bou =will write (III) <i>Tará ciñçí ekkán lekíbou.</i> They will write a letter.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Alternative</dt></dl> <ol><li>leik-kyóum =will write (I) <i>Aññí ciñçí ekkán leikkyóum.</i> I will write a letter.</li> <li>leik-bá =will write (II) <i>Tuñí ciñçí ekkán leikbá.</i> You will write a letter.</li> <li>leik-bí =will write (IIa) <i>Tui ciñçí ekkán leikbí.</i> You will write a letter.</li> <li>leik-bóu =will write (III) <i>Tará ciñçí ekkán leikbóu.</i> They will write a letter.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Passive</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-á-giye =(passive I, II, III) <i>Ciñçí ekkán lekágiyé.</i> A letter is/was written.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Possibility</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-á-za =being writable <i>Ciñçí yián leká za.</i> This letter is writable.</li> <li>lek-á-za-ibou =being writable in future <span title="Rohingya-language romanization"><i lang="rhg-Latn">Ciñçí yián leká zaibou.</i></span> This letter will be writable.</li> <li>lek-á-di-ya-za =can be made writable <i>Ciñçí yián lekádiyaza.</i> This letter can be made writable.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Noun</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-á =writing <i>Leká yián bicí cúndor.</i> This writing is very beautiful.</li> <li>lek-ó-on =act of writing <i>Email beggún óttu lekóon saá.</i> All should write emails.</li> <li>lek-ó-ya =person who writes <i>Ahmed bála lekóya.</i> Ahmed is a good writer.</li> <li>lek-ó-ni =thing used to write <i>Añártu honó lekóni ciz nái.</i> I do not have anything to write with.</li> <li>lek-á-ni =tool used to write <i>Añártu honó lekáni boudh nái.</i> I do not have any writing board.</li> <li>lek-á-lekí =activities to write <i>Tuáñrár bútore lekáleki tákoon saá.</i> There should be writing between you.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Adjective</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-é-de =thing used for writing <i>Añártu honó lekéde ciz nái.</i> I do not have any writable thing.</li> <li>leik-kyá =of written <i>Kitab ibá fura leikká.</i> This book is fully written.</li> <li>leik-kyé-dé=of that written <i>Añártu honó leikkyéde juab nái.</i> I do not have any written answer.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Adverb</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-í lek-í =by writing & writing/while writing <i>Ite gór ottu lekí lekí aiyér.</i> He is coming from home while writing.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Immediate present</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-í-lam =acted to write (I) <i>Aññí habos sán lekílam.</i> I write the letter.</li> <li>lek-í-la =acted to write (II) <i>Tuñí habos sán lekíla.</i> You write the letter.</li> <li>lek-í-li =acted to write (II) <i>Tui habos sán lekíli.</i> You write the letter.</li> <li>lek-í-lou =acted to write (III) <i>Tará habos sán lekílou.</i> They write the letter.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Alternative</dt></dl> <ol><li>leik-lám =acted to write (I) <i>Aññí habos sán lekílam.</i> I write the letter.</li> <li>leik-lá =acted to write (II) <i>Tuñí habos sán lekíla.</i> You write the letter.</li> <li>leik-lí =acted to write (II) <i>Tui habos sán lekíli.</i> You write the letter.</li> <li>leik-lou =acted to write (III) <i>Tará habos sán lekílou.</i> They write the letter.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Long past</dt></dl> <ol><li>leik-kí-lam =had written (I) <i>Aññí habos sán leikkílam.</i> I had written this paper long ago.</li> <li>leik-kí-la =had written (II) <i>Tuñí habos sán leikkíla.</i> You had written this paper long ago.</li> <li>leik-kí-li =had written (II) <i>Tui habos sán leikkíli.</i> You had written this paper long ago.</li> <li>leik-kí-l =had written (III) <i>Tará habos sán leikkíl.</i> They had written this paper long ago.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Remote future</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-í-youm éri =will write later (I) <i>Aññí habos sán lekíyoum éri.</i> I will write the paper sometime later.</li> <li>lek-í-ba ri =will write later (II) <i>Tuñí habos sán lekíba ri.</i> You will write the paper sometime later.</li> <li>lek-í-bi ri =will write later (IIa) <i>Tui habos sán lekíbi ri.</i> You write the paper sometime later.</li> <li>lek-í-bou ri =will write later (III) <i>Tará habos sán lekíbou ri.</i> They will write the paper sometime later.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Conditional</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-í-tam =would have written (I) <i>Aññí email lán lekítam.</i> I would have written the email.</li> <li>lek-í-ta =would have written (II) <i>Tuñí email lán lekíta i.</i> You would have written the email.</li> <li>lek-í-ti =would have written (IIa) <i>Tui email lán lekíti.</i> You would have written the email.</li> <li>lek-í-tou =would have written (III) <i>Tará email lán lekítou.</i> They would have written the email.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Alternative</dt></dl> <ol><li>leik-tám =would have written (I) <i>Aññí email lán leiktám.</i> I would have written the email.</li> <li>leik-tá =would have written (II) <i>Tuñí email lán leiktá.</i> You would have written the email.</li> <li>leik-tí =would have written (IIa) <i>Tui email lán leiktí.</i> You would have written the email.</li> <li>leik-tóu =would have written (III) <i>Tará email lán leiktóu.</i> They would have written the email.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Request/allow</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-ó-na =please write <i>Meérbanigorí lekóna.</i> Please write the letter.</li> <li>lek-ó-goi =allowed to write <i>Tuñí lekó gói.</i> Let you write.</li></ol> <dl><dt>Alternative</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-se-ná =please write <i>Meérbanigorí leksená.</i> Please write the letter.</li> <li>lek-gói =allowed to write <i>Tui lek gói.</i> Let you write.</li></ol> <dl><dt>If</dt></dl> <ol><li>lek-í-le =if (I/II/III) person write <i>Tuñí lekíle gom óibou.</i> It will be good if you write.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_systems">Writing systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Writing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rohingya_Hanifi_script">Rohingya Hanifi script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rohingya Hanifi script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya script</a> is a unified script for the Rohingya language. Rohingya was first written in the 19th century with a version of the <a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a>. In 1975, an orthographic Arabic script was developed, based on the <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu alphabet</a>. </p><p>In the 1980s, (Maolana) <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hanif_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Hanif (scholar)">Mohammad Hanif</a> and his colleagues created the suitable <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonetic script">phonetic script</a> based on Arabic letters; it has been compared to the <a href="/wiki/N%E2%80%99ko" class="mw-redirect" title="N’ko">N’ko</a> script. The script also includes a set of decimal numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-omniglot_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omniglot-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rohingya-Keyboard-online.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rohingya-Keyboard-online.jpg/375px-Rohingya-Keyboard-online.jpg" decoding="async" width="375" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rohingya-Keyboard-online.jpg/563px-Rohingya-Keyboard-online.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rohingya-Keyboard-online.jpg/750px-Rohingya-Keyboard-online.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Layout of the Rohingya virtual keyboard.</figcaption></figure> <p>A virtual keyboard was developed by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> for the Rohingya language in 2019 and allows users to type in the Rohingya script. Ahkter Husin, a Rohingya software developer developed a keyboard for Android phones which is available on Google Play Store.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahkter Husin and Kyaw Zay Ya Lin Tun also developed a keyboard app for IOS.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rohingya programmers also developed an online Unicode keyboard converter.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Characters">Characters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rohingya Hanifi script consonants -29 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴇𐴥𐴡𐴌𐴟𐴉𐴢<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:200%;"> <td>𐴅</td> <td>𐴄</td> <td>𐴃</td> <td>𐴂</td> <td>𐴁</td> <td>𐴀 </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:200%;"> <td>𐴋</td> <td>𐴊</td> <td>𐴉</td> <td>𐴈</td> <td>𐴇</td> <td>𐴆 </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:200%;"> <td>𐴑</td> <td>𐴐</td> <td>𐴏</td> <td>𐴎</td> <td>𐴍</td> <td>𐴌 </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:200%;"> <td>𐴗</td> <td>𐴖</td> <td>𐴕</td> <td>𐴔</td> <td>𐴓</td> <td>𐴒 </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:200%;"> <td></td> <td>𐴜</td> <td>𐴛</td> <td>𐴚</td> <td>𐴙</td> <td>𐴘 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rohingya Hanifi script vowels -7 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴀𐴝𐴉𐴡𐴌 𐴀𐴞𐴉𐴡𐴌𐴢 </th></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:200%;"> <td>𐴢</td> <td>𐴡</td> <td>𐴠</td> <td>𐴟</td> <td>𐴞</td> <td>𐴝 </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:200%;"> <td></td> <td>◌𐴧</td> <td>◌𐴦</td> <td>◌𐴥</td> <td>◌𐴤</td> <td>𐴣 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rohingya Hanifi script numerals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10">𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴓𐴡𐴔𐴁𐴡𐴌𐴢 </th></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:200%;"> <td>𐴰</td> <td>𐴱</td> <td>𐴲</td> <td>𐴳</td> <td>𐴴</td> <td>𐴵</td> <td>𐴶</td> <td>𐴷</td> <td>𐴸</td> <td>𐴹 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rohingya_Arabic_script">Rohingya Arabic script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rohingya Arabic script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Rohingya language texts, written in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>, are claimed to be more than 200 years old, though there is no concrete evidence about it.<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Arakan</a> was under British rule (1826–1948), the Rohingya people used mainly English and Urdu for written communication. Since independence in 1948, Burmese has been used in all official communications. Since the early 1960s, Rohingya scholars have started to realise the need for a writing system suited to their own language. </p><p>Later in 1975, Rohingya community leaders in Myanmar have chosen to use the Arabic script for modern usage as well. This modern use of the script is called “<a href="/wiki/Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet" title="Rohingya Arabic Alphabet">Rohingya Fonna</a>”. The Rohingya Fonna script is essentially this historic script, but with some extra symbols as the unmodifed Arabic script is unsuited to the Rohingya language. While there is minimal literature using Rohingya Fonna, it does have the approval of the community leaders. One of the most significant advocates of Rohingya Arabic script has been <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Hla_Aung" title="Kyaw Hla Aung">Kyaw Hla Aung</a>, a world-renowned lawyer and civil rights activist.<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At present, a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/rohingyafonna/">Rohingya Unicode font</a> is available. It is based on Arabic letters (since those are far more understood by the people) with additional tone signs.<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pandey_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandey-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tests that have been conducted suggest that this script can be learned in a matter of hours if the reader has learned Arabic in a <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrassa">madrassa</a>. </p><p>The script includes 3 Arabic vowel diacritics, as well as 3 additional diacritics. Six "double diacritics" representing nasal vowels are also present. In addition, Rohingya Fonna also has 3 tone markers. Tone markers act as "modifiers" of vowel diacritics. In simpler words, they are "diacritics for the diacritics". They are written "outside" of the word, meaning that they are written above the vowel diacritic if the diacritic is written above the word, and they are written below the diacritic if the diacritic is written below the word. They are only ever written where there are vowel diacritics. This is important to note, as without the diacritic present, there is no way to distinguish between tone markers and <i>I‘jām</i> i.e. dots that are used for purpose of phonetic distinctions of consonants. </p><p>The Rohingya Fonna Unicode keyboard layout as well as a free font can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/rhg/">here</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" dir="rtl"> <caption>Rohingya Arabic script consonants - 39 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6"><sup id="cite_ref-proposal_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fonna_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fonna-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-siegel_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siegel-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>ب</td> <td>پ</td> <td>ت</td> <td>ٹ </td> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">ث </td> <td>ج </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>چ</td> <td>ح</td> <td>خ</td> <td>د</td> <td>ڈ </td> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">ذ </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>ر </td> <td bgcolor="#d0dead">ࢪ </td> <td>ڑ</td> <td>ز</td> <td>س</td> <td>ش </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">ص </td> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">ض </td> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">ط </td> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">ظ </td> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">ع </td> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">غ </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>ڠ </td> <td>ف </td> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">ڤ </td> <td bgcolor="#FFEFD5">ق </td> <td>‌ ک‌</td> <td>گ </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>‌ ل</td> <td>م</td> <td>ن</td> <td>ں</td> <td>و </td> <td bgcolor="#d0dead">ࢫ </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>ه </td> <td>ي </td> <td bgcolor="#d0dead">ࢬ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Letters in yellow boxes are solely used in loanwords. Letters in green boxes are uniquely Rohingya. </p> <table class="wikitable" dir="rtl"> <caption>Rohingya Arabic script vowels - 6<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fonna_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fonna-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-siegel_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siegel-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Short vowels </th></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>◌َ </td> <td bgcolor="#d0dead">◌ࣤ </td> <td>◌ِ </td> <td bgcolor="#d0dead">◌ࣦ </td> <td>◌ُ </td> <td bgcolor="#d0dead">◌ࣥ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Postnasalized vowels </th></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>◌ً </td> <td bgcolor="#d0dead">◌ࣧ </td> <td>◌ٍ </td> <td bgcolor="#d0dead">◌ࣩ </td> <td>◌ࣱ </td> <td bgcolor="#d0dead">◌ࣨ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6"> </th></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>◌ۡ </td> <td>◌ّ </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" dir="rtl"> <caption>Rohingya Arabic script tone markers - 3<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fonna_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fonna-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-siegel_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siegel-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center" style="font-size:150%;"> <td>◌࣪ / ◌࣭ </td> <td>◌࣫ / ◌࣮‎ </td> <td>◌࣬ / ◌࣯‎ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rohingya_Latin_script">Rohingya Latin script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rohingya Latin script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999 E.M. Siddique Basu was able to simplify the Rohingya writing using Latin letters. It is an intuitive writing system which can be learnt easily and is known as Rohingyalish or Rohingya Fonna that uses only 26 Roman letters, five accented vowels, and two additional Latin characters for retroflex and nasal sounds. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rohingya Character Set-28 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>A a</td> <td>B b</td> <td style="background:#ffdead;">C c</td> <td style="background:#d0dead;">Ç ç</td> <td>D d</td> <td>E e</td> <td>F f </td></tr> <tr> <td>G g</td> <td>H h</td> <td>I i</td> <td>J j</td> <td>K k</td> <td>L l</td> <td>M m </td></tr> <tr> <td>N n</td> <td style="background:#d0dead;">Ñ ñ</td> <td>O o</td> <td>P p</td> <td>Q q</td> <td>R r</td> <td>S s </td></tr> <tr> <td>T t</td> <td>U u</td> <td>V v</td> <td>W w</td> <td>X x</td> <td>Y y</td> <td>Z z </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Q, V, and X are used only for loan-words.<sup id="cite_ref-Omniglot_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omniglot-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The character set table of the Rohingya writing system uses the Latin letters shown above (ç and ñ with green background). The vowels are written both unaccented (aeiou) and accented (áéíóú). The use of c, ç and <a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">ñ</a> is adapted to the language; c represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> (English <i>sh</i>), ç is the <a href="/wiki/Retroflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex">retroflex</a> r (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a>]</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-proposal_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ñ indicates a <a href="/wiki/Nasalised" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasalised">nasalised</a> vowel (e.g., <i>fañs</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/fãs/</span> 'five'). Crucially, these can all be accessed from an English keyboard, for example by using the <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#US-International" title="Keyboard layout">English (US) International</a> keyboard. </p><p><b>Names and pronunciation of letters</b><br /> The names of the letters of the Latin Rohingya alphabet are similar to the names of the letters of the English alphabet. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Basic letters<sup id="cite_ref-Omniglot_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omniglot-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a> </th> <th>Pronunciation </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <th>a </th> <td>/a/ </td> <td>ee </td></tr> <tr> <th>b </th> <td>/b/ </td> <td>bii </td></tr> <tr> <th>c </th> <td>/ʃ/ </td> <td>cii </td></tr> <tr> <th>ç </th> <td>/ɽ/ </td> <td>çii </td></tr> <tr> <th>d </th> <td>/d̪/ </td> <td>dii </td></tr> <tr> <th>e </th> <td>/e/ </td> <td>ii </td></tr> <tr> <th>f </th> <td>/f/ </td> <td>ef </td></tr> <tr> <th>g </th> <td>/g/ </td> <td>jii </td></tr> <tr> <th>h </th> <td>/h, x/ </td> <td>eech </td></tr> <tr> <th>i </th> <td>/i/ </td> <td>ai </td></tr> <tr> <th>j </th> <td>/ɟ/ </td> <td>jee </td></tr> <tr> <th>k </th> <td>/k/ </td> <td>kee </td></tr> <tr> <th>l </th> <td>/l/ </td> <td>el </td></tr> <tr> <th>m </th> <td>/m/ </td> <td>em </td></tr> <tr> <th>n </th> <td>/n/ </td> <td>en </td></tr> <tr> <th>ñ </th> <td>/◌̃/ (<a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalization</a>) </td> <td>añ </td></tr> <tr> <th>o </th> <td>/ɔ/ </td> <td>oou </td></tr> <tr> <th>p </th> <td>/p/ </td> <td>pii </td></tr> <tr> <th>q </th> <td>/q/ </td> <td>kyuu </td></tr> <tr> <th>r </th> <td>/r/ </td> <td>er </td></tr> <tr> <th>s </th> <td>/s/ </td> <td>es </td></tr> <tr> <th>t </th> <td>/t̪/ </td> <td>tii </td></tr> <tr> <th>u </th> <td>/u/ </td> <td>yuu </td></tr> <tr> <th>v </th> <td>/v/ </td> <td>vii </td></tr> <tr> <th>w </th> <td>/w/ </td> <td>dblyuu </td></tr> <tr> <th>x </th> <td>/ks/ </td> <td>eks </td></tr> <tr> <th>y </th> <td>/j/ </td> <td>way </td></tr> <tr> <th>z </th> <td>/z/ </td> <td>zed </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Digraphs<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a> </th> <th>Pronunciation </th></tr> <tr> <th>ch </th> <td>/c/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>dh </th> <td>/ɖ/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>dz </th> <td>/d̪/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>h' </th> <td>/h/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>kh </th> <td>/x/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>ng </th> <td>/ŋ/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>ny </th> <td>/ɲ/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>ou </th> <td>/o/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>th </th> <td>/ʈ/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>ts </th> <td>/t̪/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Long vowels in Rohingyalish are spelled with double vowels: for example, a long <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ/</span> is spelled as "oo", while a long <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> is spelled as "oou".<sup id="cite_ref-Omniglot_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omniglot-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a sample text in Rohingya of Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> with English, contrasted with versions of the text in Bengali and Assamese.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Rohingya in Rohingya Latin alphabet</b> </th> <td>:Manúic beggún azad hísafe, ar izzot arde hók ókkol ót, fúainna hísafe foida óiye. Fottí insán óttu honó forók sára elan ot aséde tamám hók ókkol arde azadi ókkol loi fáaida goróon ór hók asé. Ar, taráre dil arde demak diyé. Ótolla, taráttu ekzon loi arekzon bái hísafe maamela goróon saá. </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Rohingya in Hanifi Script</b> </th> <td dir="rtl">.<span title="Rohingya-language text"><span lang="rhg" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">𐴔𐴝𐴕𐴟𐴤𐴞𐴐 𐴁𐴠𐴒𐴧𐴟𐴤𐴕 𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠,. 𐴝𐴌 𐴞𐴎𐴧𐴡𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴡𐴤𐴃, 𐴉𐴟𐴤𐴝𐴞𐴕𐴧𐴝 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴉𐴡𐴞𐴊𐴝 𐴡𐴤𐴞𐴘𐴠. 𐴉𐴡𐴃𐴧𐴞𐴤 𐴞𐴕𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴕 𐴡𐴤𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴇𐴡𐴕𐴡𐴤 𐴉𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴤𐴑. 𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴌𐴝 𐴠𐴓𐴝𐴕 𐴡𐴃 𐴀𐴏𐴠𐴤𐴊𐴠 𐴃𐴝𐴔𐴝𐴤𐴔 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊𐴞 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴓𐴡𐴞 𐴉𐴝𐴥𐴞𐴊𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴥𐴕 𐴡𐴤𐴌 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴝𐴌, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴤𐴌𐴠, 𐴊𐴞𐴓 𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴊𐴠𐴔𐴝𐴑 𐴊𐴞𐴘𐴠𐴤. 𐴡𐴤𐴃𐴡𐴓𐴧𐴝, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴤𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴓𐴡𐴞. 𐴝𐴌𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴁𐴝𐴤𐴞 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴔𐴝𐴧𐴔𐴠𐴓𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴥𐴕 𐴏𐴝𐴦.</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Rohingya in Rohingya Arabic Script</b> </th> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:150%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">مَنُ࣪شۡ بࣦگُّ࣪نۡ اَزَدۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ، اَرۡ عِزّࣤتۡ اَرۡدࣦ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اࣤ࣪تۡ، فُ࣪وَ࣪نَّ࣪ࢬ حِ࣭سَفࣦ فࣤيۡدَ اࣤ࣪يّࣦ. فࣤتِّ اِنۡسَ࣪نۡ اࣤ࣪تُّ هࣤنࣤ࣪ فࣤرࣤ࣪كۡ سَ࣪رَ࣪ عࣦلَنۡ اࣤتۡ اَسࣦ࣭دࣦ تَمَ࣪مۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اَرۡدࣦ اَزَدِ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ لࣤيۡ فَ࣫يۡدَ࣪ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ اࣤ࣪رۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اَسࣦ࣭. اَرۡ، تَرَ࣪رࣦ࣭ دِلۡ اَرۡدࣦ دࣦمَكۡ دِيࣦ࣭ اࣤ࣪تࣤ࣪لَّ، تَرَ࣪تُّ࣪ اࣦك زࣤنۡ لࣤيۡ اَرۡ اࣦكۡزࣤنۡ بَ࣪يۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ مَامَلَ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ سَ࣬.</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>English original:</b> </th> <td>"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Bengali in Latin script</b> </th> <td>Shômosto manush shadhinbhabe shôman môrjada ebong odhikar niye jônmogrohon kôre. Tãder bibek ebong buddhi achhe; shutorang shôkoleri êke ôporer proti bhratrittoshulobh mônobhab niye achôron kôra uchit. </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Assamese in Latin script</b> </th> <td>Xôkôlû manuhê sadhinbhawê xôman môrzôda aru ôdhikar lôi zônmôgrôhôn kôrê. Xihôtôr bibêk aru buddhi asê aru xihôtê pôrôspôr bhratrittôrê asôrôn kôribô lagê. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e26-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e26_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rhg">Rohingya</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fonna-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fonna_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fonna_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fonna_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fonna_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIbrahim2013" class="citation book cs1">Ibrahim, Muhammad (2013). <i>رُحَ࣪ڠۡگِ࣭ࢬ فࣤنَّ࣪رۡ كِتَفۡ لࣤمۡبࣤ࣪رۡ (١)</i> [<i>Rohingya Text Book I</i>]. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinero/2019/09/13/the-linguistic-innovation-emerging-from-rohingya-refugees/">the original</a> on 5 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Linguistic+Innovation+Emerging+From+Rohingya+Refugees&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft.aulast=Ro&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fchristinero%2F2019%2F09%2F13%2Fthe-linguistic-innovation-emerging-from-rohingya-refugees%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-website-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-website_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612180010/http://rohingyalanguagefoundation.com/language_rules_landscape.html">"Rohingya Language Rules"</a>. <i>Rohingya Language Foundation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rohingyalanguagefoundation.com/language_rules_landscape.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rohingya+Language+Foundation&rft.atitle=Rohingya+Language+Rules&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frohingyalanguagefoundation.com%2Flanguage_rules_landscape.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learnrohingya.com/references/a-brief-grammar-of-rohingya/">"A brief grammar of Rohingya"</a>. <i>Learn Rohingya</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Learn+Rohingya&rft.atitle=A+brief+grammar+of+Rohingya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearnrohingya.com%2Freferences%2Fa-brief-grammar-of-rohingya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scribd-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scribd_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazi_Mujibuddin_bin_Abul_khair" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kazi Mujibuddin bin Abul khair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/21180958"><i>روهنغيا قائده</i></a> (in Arabic) – via Scribd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D9%87&rft.au=Kazi+Mujibuddin+bin+Abul+khair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F21180958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-omniglot-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-omniglot_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/rohingya.htm">"Rohingya alphabets, pronunciation and language"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Omniglot" title="Omniglot">Omniglot</a></i>. Simon Ager<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Omniglot&rft.atitle=Rohingya+alphabets%2C+pronunciation+and+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Frohingya.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2012" class="citation web cs1">James, Ian (5 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyknowledge.com/rohingya.htm">"Hanifi alphabet for Rohingya"</a>. <i>Sky Knowledge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+Knowledge&rft.atitle=Hanifi+alphabet+for+Rohingya&rft.date=2012-07-05&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskyknowledge.com%2Frohingya.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ahkter.rohingya_keyboard_pro">Rohingya Keyboard Pro</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.apple.com/ph/app/rohingya-keyboard/id1623030565">Rohingya Keyboard</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/rhg/">Rohingya Virtual Keyboard</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807184130/https://rohingyazuban.com/">"Rohingya Language Academy"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3882.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+add+Arabic+script+characters+for+African+and+Asian+languages&rft.pages=13-18%2C+34-37&rft.date=2010-08-12&rft.aulast=Priest&rft.aufirst=Lorna+A&rft.au=Hosken%2C+Martin&rft.au=SIL+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn3882.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pandey-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pandey_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandey2012" class="citation web cs1">Pandey, Anshuman (20 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226053648/http://unicode.org/L2/L2012/12214-rohingya.pdf">"Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Rohingya Script"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Expanding Unicode</i>. Anshuman Pandey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/L2/L2012/12214-rohingya.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Expanding+Unicode&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Proposal+to+Encode+the+Rohingya+Script&rft.date=2012-06-20&rft.aulast=Pandey&rft.aufirst=Anshuman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2FL2%2FL2012%2F12214-rohingya.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siegel-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-siegel_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siegel_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siegel_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfram Siegel (19 February 2022) <i>Rohingya Scripts</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/charts/rohingya.pdf">https://omniglot.com/charts/rohingya.pdf</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230801145127/https://www.omniglot.com/charts/rohingya.pdf">Archived</a> 2023-08-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Omniglot-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Omniglot_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Omniglot_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Omniglot_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/rohingya.htm">"Rohingya alphabets, pronunciation and language"</a>. <i>www.omniglot.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Rohingya+alphabets%2C+pronunciation+and+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Frohingya.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/rohingya">"OHCHR | Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Rohingya"</a>. <i>OHCHR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OHCHR&rft.atitle=OHCHR+%7C+Universal+Declaration+of+Human+Rights+-+Rohingya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fhuman-rights%2Funiversal-declaration%2Ftranslations%2Frohingya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARohingya+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohingya_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/rhg" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/rhg">Rohingya language test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">For a list of words relating to Rohingya language, see the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Rohingya_language" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:Rohingya language"><i><b>Rohingya language</b></i> category of words</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rohingya_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rohingya language">Rohingya language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rohingyazuban.com/">Rohingya Language Academy website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rohingyalanguage.com/">Rohingya Language Foundation website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rohingyalanguage.com/Dic-A2Z">English–Rohingya Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rohingyazuban.com/font">Rohingya font download</a></li> <li>Tri-orthographic dictionary application <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bengalcreativemedia.rhg.rohingya">Google Playstore</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Myanmar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Template:Languages of Myanmar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Template talk:Languages of Myanmar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Myanmar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Myanmar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Languages of Myanmar">Languages of Myanmar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_English" title="Myanmar English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semiofficial language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_English" title="Myanmar English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages<br />(by <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Administrative divisions of Myanmar">state or region</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chin_State" title="Chin State">Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Northern Kuki-Chin languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falam_language" title="Falam language">Falam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Siyin language">Siyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedim_language" title="Tedim language">Tedim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_language" title="Zou language">Zo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Central Kuki-Chin languages">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakha_Chin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakha Chin language">Hakha Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawn_language" title="Ngawn language">Ngawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawr_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawr language">Tawr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maraic_languages" title="Maraic languages">Maraic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lautu_language" title="Lautu language">Lautu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_language" title="Mara language">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senthang_language" title="Senthang language">Senthang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zotung_language" title="Zotung language">Zotung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyphe_language" title="Zyphe language">Zyphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Southern Kuki-Chin languages">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daai_language" title="Daai language">Daai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaang_language" title="Kaang language">Kaang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khumi_language" title="Khumi language">Khumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCch%C3%B2_language" title="Kʼchò language">Kʼchò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nga_La_language" title="Nga La language">Nga La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%B6_language" title="Shö language">Shö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songlai_language" title="Songlai language">Songlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumtu_language" title="Sumtu language">Sumtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaiphum_language" title="Thaiphum language">Thaiphum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welaung_language" title="Welaung language">Welaung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anu-Hkongso_language" title="Anu-Hkongso language">Anu-Hkongso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kachin_State" title="Kachin State">Kachin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achang_language" title="Achang language">Achang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derung_language" title="Derung language">Drung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hpon_language" title="Hpon language">Hpon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_language" title="Jingpo language">Jingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashi_language" title="Lashi language">Lashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhao_Vo_language" title="Lhao Vo language">Lhao Vo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusu_language" title="Nusu language">Nusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawang_language" title="Rawang language">Rawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_language" title="Khamti language">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_language_(Tai)" title="Nùng language (Tai)">Nùng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_language" title="Palaung language">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Laing_language" title="Tai Laing language">Tai Laing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayah_State" title="Kayah State">Kayah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayaw_language" title="Kayaw language">Kayaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_language" title="Karenni language">Karenni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayin_State" title="Kayin State">Kayin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bwe_Karen_language" title="Bwe Karen language">Bwe Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_Karen_language" title="Geba Karen language">Geba Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen_languages" title="Pwo Karen languages">Pwo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Pwo_language" title="Eastern Pwo language">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pwo_language" title="Western Pwo language">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">S’gaw Karen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magway_Region" title="Magway Region">Magway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rungtu" class="mw-redirect" title="Rungtu">Rungtu</a> (Taungtha)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mon_State" title="Mon State">Mon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_language" title="Mon language">Mon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Rakhine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_language" title="Rakhine language">Rakhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_language" title="Chakma language">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laitu_language" title="Laitu language">Laitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mro-Khimi_language" title="Mro-Khimi language">Mro-Khimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sak_language" title="Sak language">Sak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sagaing_Region" title="Sagaing Region">Sagaing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_language" title="Khiamniungan language">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leinong_language" title="Leinong language">Leinong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makyam_language" title="Makyam language">Makyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponyo_language" title="Ponyo language">Ponyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sak_language" title="Sak language">Sak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akyaung_Ari_language" title="Akyaung Ari language">Akyaung Ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal language">Anal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koki_language" title="Koki language">Koki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makury_language" title="Makury language">Makury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Phuri_language" title="Long Phuri language">Long Phuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para_language" title="Para language">Para</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shan_State" title="Shan State">Shan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blang_language" title="Blang language">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danau_language" title="Danau language">Danau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_language" title="Palaung language">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riang_language" title="Riang language">Riang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Loi_language" title="Tai Loi language">Tai Loi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_language" title="Wa language">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akeu_language" title="Akeu language">Akeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_language" title="Akha language">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Danu language">Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geko_Karen" class="mw-redirect" title="Geko Karen">Geko Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intha_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Intha dialect">Intha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahta_language" title="Lahta language">Lahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_language" title="Lahu language">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27O_language" title="Pa'O language">Pa’o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padaung_language" title="Padaung language">Padaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyen_language" title="Pyen language">Pyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavoyan_dialects" title="Tavoyan dialects">Taungyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern Mandarin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCn_language" title="Khün language">Khün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_language" title="Shan language">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nuea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong Njua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tanintharyi_Region" title="Tanintharyi Region">Tanintharyi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moken_language" title="Moken language">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moklen_language" title="Moklen language">Moklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">S’gaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavoyan_dialects" title="Tavoyan dialects">Tavoyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Immigrant language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_sign_language" title="Burmese sign language">Burmese sign language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indo-Aryan_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Template:Indo-Aryan languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Template talk:Indo-Aryan languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-Aryan languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indo-Aryan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dardic_languages" title="Dardic languages">Dardic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kashmiri</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwari" title="Kishtwari">Kishtwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokskat" title="Brokskat">Brokskat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language" title="Kundal Shahi language">Kundal Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkoti_language" title="Kalkoti language">Kalkoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushoji_language" title="Ushoji language">Ushoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palula_language" title="Palula language">Palula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)" title="Sawi language (Dardic)">Sawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pashayi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_languages" title="Pashayi languages">Pashayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kunar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dameli_language" title="Dameli language">Dameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language" title="Gawar-Bati language">Gawar-Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangalami_language" title="Nangalami language">Nangalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumashti_language" title="Shumashti language">Shumashti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotapuri-Katarqalai_language" title="Wotapuri-Katarqalai language">Wotapuri-Katarqalai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chitral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-mun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalasha-mun">Kalasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar" title="Khowar">Khowar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hazara Division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Kohistani" title="Indus Kohistani">Indus Kohistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateri_language" title="Bateri language">Bateri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilisso_language" title="Chilisso language">Chilisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowro_language" title="Gowro language">Gowro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalami language">Kalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirahi_language" title="Tirahi language">Tirahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankiyali_language" title="Mankiyali language">Mankiyali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Northern Indo-Aryan languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doteli" title="Doteli">Doteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumli_language" title="Jumli language">Jumli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_language" title="Kumaoni language">Kumaoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Pahari" title="Western Pahari">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangri_language" title="Kangri language">Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadarwahi_language" title="Bhadarwahi language">Bhadarwahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churahi" title="Churahi">Churahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhateali" title="Bhateali">Bhateali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilaspuri" title="Bilaspuri">Bilaspuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambeali" title="Chambeali">Chambeali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddi_language" title="Gaddi language">Gaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangwali" title="Pangwali">Pangwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandeali" title="Mandeali">Mandeali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasu_Pahari" title="Mahasu Pahari">Mahasu Pahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaunsari_language" title="Jaunsari language">Jaunsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kullui" title="Kullui">Kullui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari_Kinnauri_language" title="Pahari Kinnauri language">Pahari Kinnauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduri_language" title="Hinduri language">Hinduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirmauri_language" title="Sirmauri language">Sirmauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarazi_language" title="Sarazi language">Sarazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwestern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Punjabi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_language" title="Sansi language">Sansi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lahnda" title="Lahnda">Lahnda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inku_language" title="Inku language">Inku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khetrani_language" title="Khetrani language">Khetrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_languages" title="Sindhi languages">Sindhi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholosi_language" title="Kholosi language">Kholosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutchi_language" title="Kutchi language">Kutchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwati_language" title="Luwati language">Luwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoni_language" title="Memoni language">Memoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_languages" title="Gujarati languages">Gujarati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_language" title="Aer language">Aer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisan_ud-Dawat" title="Lisan ud-Dawat">Lisan ud-Dawat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jandavra_language" title="Jandavra language">Jandavra</a></li> <li>Koli <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kachi_Koli_language" title="Kachi Koli language">Kachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadiyara_Koli_language" title="Wadiyara Koli language">Wadiyara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_language" title="Saurashtra language">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaghri_language" title="Vaghri language">Vaghri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goaria_language" title="Goaria language">Goaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loarki_language" title="Loarki language">Loarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhundari_language" title="Dhundari language">Dhundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harauti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Harauti language">Harauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvi_language" title="Malvi language">Malvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewati_language" title="Mewati language">Mewati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekhawati_language" title="Shekhawati language">Shekhawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhatki_language" title="Dhatki language">Dhatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_language" title="Od language">Od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimadi_language" title="Nimadi language">Nimadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bhil_languages" title="Bhil languages">Bhil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhili_language" title="Bhili language">Bhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilali_language" title="Bhilali language">Bhilali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chodri_language" title="Chodri language">Chodri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhodia%E2%80%93Kukna_language" title="Dhodia–Kukna language">Dhodia–Kukna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanki_language" title="Dhanki language">Dhanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubli_language" title="Dubli language">Dubli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauria_language" title="Bauria language">Bauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilori_language" title="Bhilori language">Bhilori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawchi_language" title="Mawchi language">Mawchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magari_language" title="Magari language">Magari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palya_Bareli_language" title="Palya Bareli language">Palya Bareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauri_Bareli_language" title="Pauri Bareli language">Pauri Bareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathwi_Bareli_language" title="Rathwi Bareli language">Rathwi Bareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardhi_language" title="Pardhi language">Pardhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamit_language" title="Gamit language">Gamit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalto_language" title="Kalto language">Kalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasavi_language" title="Vasavi language">Vasavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagdi" title="Wagdi">Wagdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaagri_Booli_language" title="Vaagri Booli language">Vaagri Booli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khandeshi_language" title="Khandeshi language">Khandeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_language" title="Dawoodi language">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Romani_languages" title="Template:Romani languages">list of languages</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Central Indo-Aryan languages">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braj_Bhasha" title="Braj Bhasha">Braj Bhasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeli_language" title="Bundeli language">Bundeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kauravi_dialect" title="Kauravi dialect">Kauravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinglish" title="Hinglish">Hinglish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Urdish" title="Urdish">Urdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Urdu" title="Judeo-Urdu">Judeo-Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_Urdu" title="Hyderabadi Urdu">Hyderabadi Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhta" title="Rekhta">Rekhta</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannauji_language" title="Kannauji language">Kannauji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_language" title="Sansi language">Sansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhukkadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhukkadi">Sadhukkadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagheli_language" title="Bagheli language">Bagheli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language" title="Chhattisgarhi language">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Fiji Hindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Eastern Indo-Aryan languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bihari_languages" title="Bihari languages">Bihari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bhojpuric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Caribbean Hindustani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magahi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magahi_language" title="Magahi language">Magahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khortha_language" title="Khortha language">Khortha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maithili</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angika" title="Angika">Angika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sadanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Sadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmali_language" title="Kurmali language">Kurmali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tharuic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tharu_languages" title="Tharu languages">Tharu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kochila_Tharu" title="Kochila Tharu">Kochila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buksa_language" title="Buksa language">Buksa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhi_language" title="Majhi language">Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musasa_language" title="Musasa language">Musasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumhali_language" title="Kumhali language">Kumhali</a></li> <li>Kuswaric <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bote-Darai_language" title="Bote-Darai language">Bote-Darai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danwar_language" title="Danwar language">Danwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gauda%E2%80%93Kamarupa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda–Kamarupa languages">Gauda–<br />Kamarupa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bengali</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_dialects" title="Bengali dialects">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharia_Thar_language" title="Kharia Thar language">Kharia Thar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmukar_language" title="Kurmukar language">Kurmukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Paharia_language" title="Mal Paharia language">Mal Paharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhailla_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Noakhailla language">Noakhailla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_language" title="Tanchangya language">Tanchangya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kamarupic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamrupi_dialects" title="Kamrupi dialects">Kamrupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalpariya_dialects" title="Goalpariya dialects">Goalpariya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajbanshi_language_(Nepal)" title="Rajbanshi language (Nepal)">Rajbanshi (Nepal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpuri_language" title="Rangpuri language">Rangpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surjapuri_language" title="Surjapuri language">Surjapuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chittagonian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagonian_language" title="Chittagonian language">Chittagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_language" title="Chakma language">Chakma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rohingya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Odia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_language" title="Sambalpuri language">Sambalpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desia_language" title="Desia language">Desia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatri_language" title="Bhatri language">Bhatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_Parja_language" title="Bodo Parja language">Bodo Parja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reli_language" title="Reli language">Reli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupia_language" title="Kupia language">Kupia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Halbic_languages" title="Halbic languages">Halbic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halbi_language" title="Halbi language">Halbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamar_language" title="Kamar language">Kamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhunjia_language_(Halbic)" title="Bhunjia language (Halbic)">Bhunjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahari_language" title="Nahari language">Nahari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marathi-Konkani_languages" title="Marathi-Konkani languages">Marathi–<br />Konkani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marathic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andh_language" title="Andh language">Andh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berar-Deccan_Marathi" title="Berar-Deccan Marathi">Berar Deccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varli_language" title="Varli language">Varli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phudagi_language" title="Phudagi language">Phudagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katkari_language" title="Katkari language">Katkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadodi_language" title="Kadodi language">Kadodi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konkanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtrian Konkani">Maharashtrian Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarese_Konkani" title="Canarese Konkani">Canarese Konkani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_language" title="Maldivian language">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit" title="Vedic Sanskrit">Vedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Sanskrit">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_superstrate_in_Mitanni" title="Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni">Mitanni superstrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Middle Indo-Aryan languages">Middle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Prakrit" title="Ashokan Prakrit">Ashokan Prakrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardhamagadhi_Prakrit" title="Ardhamagadhi Prakrit">Early Ardhamagadhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle (<a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Hybrid_Sanskrit" title="Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit">Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Prakrit" title="Dramatic Prakrit">Dramatic Prakrits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardhamagadhi_Prakrit" title="Ardhamagadhi Prakrit">Ardhamagadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadhi_Prakrit" title="Magadhi Prakrit">Magadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtri_Prakrit" title="Maharashtri Prakrit">Maharashtri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shauraseni_Prakrit" title="Shauraseni Prakrit">Shauraseni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhari_language" title="Gandhari language">Gāndhārī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudi_Prakrit" title="Gaudi Prakrit">Gaudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paishachi" title="Paishachi">Paishachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late (<a href="/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Apabhraṃśa">Apabhraṃśa</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abahattha" title="Abahattha">Abahattha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Apabhraṃśa">Apabhraṃśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elu" title="Elu">Elu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarupi_Prakrit" title="Kamarupi Prakrit">Kamarupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasa_Prakrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khasa Prakrit language">Khasa Prakrit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proto-<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian language">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Aryan_language" title="Proto-Indo-Aryan language">Proto-Indo-Aryan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi" title="Badeshi">Badeshi</a> (unknown further classification)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazigar_language" title="Bazigar language">Bazigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinali%E2%80%93Lahul_languages" title="Chinali–Lahul languages">Chinali–Lahul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinali_language" title="Chinali language">Chinali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahul_Lohar_language" title="Lahul Lohar language">Lahul Lohar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhgal" title="Sheikhgal">Sheikhgal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pidgins<br />and creoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Creole_Hindi" title="Andaman Creole Hindi">Andaman Creole Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Hindi" title="Bombay Hindi">Bombay Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haflong_Hindi" title="Haflong Hindi">Haflong Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamese_creole" title="Nagamese creole">Nagamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefamese" title="Nefamese">Nefamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda_language" title="Vedda language">Vedda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian languages</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani languages</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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