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code</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Gray code"> <meta name="keywords" content="Gray code"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Gray code"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1556</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Gray code</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1556</span> A Simple Recursive Framework to Generate Gray Codes for Weak Orders in Constant Amortized Time </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marsden%20Jacques">Marsden Jacques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20Wong"> Dennis Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A weak order is a way to rank n objects where ties are allowed. In this talk, we present a recursive framework to generate Gray codes for weak orders. We then describe a simple algorithm based on the framework that generates 2-Gray codes for weak orders in constant amortized time per string. This framework can easily be modified to generate other Gray codes for weak orders. We provide an example on using the framework to generate the first Shift Gray code for weak orders, also in constant amortized time, where consecutive strings differ by a shift or a symbol change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weak%20order" title="weak order">weak order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cayley%20permutation" title=" Cayley permutation"> Cayley permutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gray%20code" title=" Gray code"> Gray code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shift%20Gray%20code" title=" shift Gray code"> shift Gray code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118752/a-simple-recursive-framework-to-generate-gray-codes-for-weak-orders-in-constant-amortized-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1555</span> Skew Cyclic Codes over Fq+uFq+…+uk-1Fq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Li">Jing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiuli%20Li"> Xiuli Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies a special class of linear codes, called skew cyclic codes, over the ring <em>R</em>= <em>F<sub>q</sub></em>+<em>uF<sub>q</sub></em>+…+<em>u<sup>k-</sup></em><sup>1</sup><em>F<sub>q</sub></em>, where <em>q</em> is a prime power. A Gray map <em>ɸ</em> from <em>R</em> to <em>F<sub>q</sub></em> and a Gray map <em>ɸ'</em> from <em>R<sup>n</sup></em> to <em>F<sup>n</sup><sub>q</sub></em> are defined, as well as an automorphism <em>Θ</em> over <em>R</em>. It is proved that the images of skew cyclic codes over <em>R</em> under map <em>ɸ'</em> and <em>Θ</em> are cyclic codes over <em>F<sub>q</sub></em>, and they still keep the dual relation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skew%20cyclic%20code" title="skew cyclic code">skew cyclic code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20map" title=" gray map"> gray map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automorphism" title=" automorphism"> automorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20code" title=" cyclic code"> cyclic code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70707/skew-cyclic-codes-over-fqufquk-1fq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1554</span> Time Efficient Color Coding for Structured-Light 3D Scanner</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Hao%20Huang">Po-Hao Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Ju%20Chiang"> Pei-Ju Chiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structured light 3D scanner is commonly used for measuring the 3D shape of an object. Through projecting designed light patterns on the object, deformed patterns can be obtained and used for the geometric shape reconstruction. At present, Gray code is the most reliable and commonly used light pattern in the structured light 3D scanner. However, the trade-off between scanning efficiency and accuracy is a long-standing and challenging problem. The design of light patterns plays a significant role in the scanning efficiency and accuracy. Thereby, we proposed a novel encoding method integrating color information and Gray-code to improve the scanning efficiency. We will demonstrate that with the proposed method, the scanning time can be reduced to approximate half of the one needed by Gray-code without reduction of precision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray-code" title="gray-code">gray-code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structured%20light%20scanner" title=" structured light scanner"> structured light scanner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20shape%20acquisition" title=" 3D shape acquisition"> 3D shape acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20reconstruction" title=" 3D reconstruction"> 3D reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33773/time-efficient-color-coding-for-structured-light-3d-scanner" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1553</span> Enhancing the Network Security with Gray Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Adi%20Purnomo%20Sidhi">Thomas Adi Purnomo Sidhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, network is an essential need in almost every part of human daily activities. People now can seamlessly connect to others through the Internet. With advanced technology, our personal data now can be more easily accessed. One of many components we are concerned for delivering the best network is a security issue. This paper is proposing a method that provides more options for security. This research aims to improve network security by focusing on the physical layer which is the first layer of the OSI model. The layer consists of the basic networking hardware transmission technologies of a network. With the use of observation method, the research produces a schematic design for enhancing the network security through the gray code converter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title="network">network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security" title=" network security"> network security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20code" title=" grey code"> grey code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20layer" title=" physical layer"> physical layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41361/enhancing-the-network-security-with-gray-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1552</span> Code-Switching and Code Mixing among Ogba-English Bilingual Conversations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben-Fred%20Ohia">Ben-Fred Ohia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic behaviours that arise in a bilingual situation. They limit speakers in a conversation to decide which code they should use to utter particular phrases or words in the course of carrying out their utterance. Every human society is characterized by the existence of diverse linguistic varieties. The speakers of these varieties at some points have various degrees of contact with the non-speakers of their variety, which one of the outcomes of the linguistic contact is code-switching or code-mixing. The work discusses the nature of code-switching and code-mixing in Ogba-English bilinguals’ speeches. It provides a detailed explanation of the concept of code-switching and code-mixing and explains the typology of code-switching and code-mixing and their manifestation in Ogba-English bilingual speakers’ speeches. The findings reveal that code-switching and code-mixing are functionally motivated and being triggered by various conversational contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinguals" title="bilinguals">bilinguals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-mixing" title=" code-mixing"> code-mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-switching" title=" code-switching"> code-switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogba" title=" Ogba"> Ogba</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122982/code-switching-and-code-mixing-among-ogba-english-bilingual-conversations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1551</span> Interaction of Non-Gray-Gas Radiation with Opposed Mixed Convection in a Lid-Driven Square Cavity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Cherifi">Mohammed Cherifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Benbrik"> Abderrahmane Benbrik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siham%20Laouar-Meftah"> Siham Laouar-Meftah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Lemonnier"> Denis Lemonnier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted to numerically investigate the interaction of non-gray-gas radiation with opposed mixed convection in a vertical two-sided lid-driven square cavity. The opposing flows are simultaneously generated by the vertical boundary walls which slide at a constant speed and the natural convection due to the gradient temperature of differentially heated cavity. The horizontal walls are thermally insulated and perfectly reflective. The enclosure is filled with air-H2O-CO2 gas mixture, which is considered as a non-gray, absorbing, emitting and not scattering medium. The governing differential equations are solved by a ﬁnite-volume method, by adopting the SIMPLER algorithm for pressure–velocity coupling. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved by the discrete ordinates method (DOM). The spectral line weighted sum of gray gases model (SLW) is used to account for non-gray radiation properties. Three cases of the effects of radiation (transparent, gray and non-gray medium) are studied. Comparison is also made with the parametric studies of the effect of the mixed convection parameter, Ri (0.1, 1, 10), on the fluid flow and heat transfer have been performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opposed%20mixed%20convection" title="opposed mixed convection">opposed mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-gray-gas%20radiation" title=" non-gray-gas radiation"> non-gray-gas radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-sided%20lid-driven%20cavity" title=" two-sided lid-driven cavity"> two-sided lid-driven cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20ordinate%20method" title=" discrete ordinate method"> discrete ordinate method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLW%20model" title=" SLW model"> SLW model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45398/interaction-of-non-gray-gas-radiation-with-opposed-mixed-convection-in-a-lid-driven-square-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1550</span> A Rapid Code Acquisition Scheme in OOC-Based CDMA Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keunhong%20Chae">Keunhong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seokho%20Yoon"> Seokho Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a code acquisition scheme called improved multiple-shift (IMS) for optical code division multiple access systems, where the optical orthogonal code is used instead of the pseudo noise code. Although the IMS algorithm has a similar process to that of the conventional MS algorithm, it has a better code acquisition performance than the conventional MS algorithm. We analyze the code acquisition performance of the IMS algorithm and compare the code acquisition performances of the MS and the IMS algorithms in single-user and multi-user environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20acquisition" title="code acquisition">code acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20CDMA" title=" optical CDMA"> optical CDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20orthogonal%20code" title=" optical orthogonal code"> optical orthogonal code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serial%20algorithm" title=" serial algorithm"> serial algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23348/a-rapid-code-acquisition-scheme-in-ooc-based-cdma-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1549</span> Optimization of Commercial Gray Space along the Street from the Perspective of Vitality Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengjiao%20Hu">Mengjiao Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, China's consumption pattern is entering the "experience era"; people's consumption behavior is no longer simply "buy, buy, buy" but the transition from "consumption in space" to "consumption of space". The street is a basic public product and an important public space in the city, and commerce along the street is an important space for people to consume in the "experience era". Therefore, in this way, it is particularly important to create the vitality of the gray space along the street. From the perspective of vitality construction, this paper takes Sha Zheng Street in Chongqing as the empirical object, combined with the theoretical knowledge of behavioral architecture, and based on the current situation of the commercial gray space along Sha Zheng Street, this paper explores the influence factors and the constraints behind the spatial vitality and then puts forward a general strategy to improve the spatial vitality of the commercial gray space along the street. The author hopes that through the exploration of the vitality of commercial gray space along the street, environmental design can be introduced into the integrated design vision of the urban public environment, and the urban designers can be inspired to create a street environment with a living atmosphere with a small start. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitality%20creation" title="vitality creation">vitality creation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20space" title=" gray space"> gray space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20commerce" title=" street commerce"> street commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sha%20zheng%20street" title=" sha zheng street"> sha zheng street</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170660/optimization-of-commercial-gray-space-along-the-street-from-the-perspective-of-vitality-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1548</span> Assessing Relationships between Glandularity and Gray Level by Using Breast Phantoms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Xuan%20Tang">Yun-Xuan Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Yuan%20Liu"> Pei-Yuan Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun-Mu%20Lu"> Kun-Mu Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Tsung%20Tseng"> Min-Tsung Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang-Kuang%20Chen"> Liang-Kuang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuh-Feng%20Tsai"> Yuh-Feng Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wen%20Lee"> Ching-Wen Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jay%20Wu"> Jay Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is predominant of malignant tumors in females. The increase in the glandular density increases the risk of breast cancer. BI-RADS is a frequently used density indicator in mammography; however, it significantly overestimates the glandularity. Therefore, it is very important to accurately and quantitatively assess the glandularity by mammography. In this study, 20%, 30% and 50% glandularity phantoms were exposed using a mammography machine at 28, 30 and 31 kVp, and 30, 55, 80 and 105 mAs, respectively. The regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn to assess the gray level. The relationship between the glandularity and gray level under various compression thicknesses, kVp, and mAs was established by the multivariable linear regression. A phantom verification was performed with automatic exposure control (AEC). The regression equation was obtained with an R-square value of 0.928. The average gray levels of the verification phantom were 8708, 8660 and 8434 for 0.952, 0.963 and 0.985 g/cm3, respectively. The percent differences of glandularity to the regression equation were 3.24%, 2.75% and 13.7%. We concluded that the proposed method could be clinically applied in mammography to improve the glandularity estimation and further increase the importance of breast cancer screening. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammography" title="mammography">mammography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glandularity" title=" glandularity"> glandularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20value" title=" gray value"> gray value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BI-RADS" title=" BI-RADS"> BI-RADS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60797/assessing-relationships-between-glandularity-and-gray-level-by-using-breast-phantoms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1547</span> Conceptualizing Conflict in the Gray Zone: A Comparative Analysis of Diplomatic, Military and Political Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Hardy">John Hardy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Lushenko"> Paul Lushenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> he twenty-first century international security order has been fraught with challenges to the credibility and stability of the post-Cold War status quo. Although the American-led international system has rarely been threatened directly by dissatisfied states, an underlying challenge to the international security order has emerged in the form of a slow-burning abnegation of small but significant aspects of the status quo. Meanwhile, those security challenges which have threatened to destabilize order in the international system have not clearly belonged to the traditional notions of diplomacy and armed conflict. Instead, the main antagonists have been both states and non-state actors, the issues have crossed national and international boundaries, and contestation has occurred in a ‘gray zone’ between peace and war. Gray zone conflicts are not easily categorized as military operations, national security policies or political strategies, because they often include elements of diplomacy, military operations, and statecraft in complex combinations. This study applies three approaches to conceptualizing the gray zone in which many contemporary conflicts take place. The first approach frames gray zone conflicts as a form of coercive diplomacy, in which armed force is used to add credibility and commitment to political threats. The second approach frames gray zone conflicts as a form of discrete military operation, in which armed force is used sparingly and is limited to a specific issue. The third approach frames gray zones conflicts as a form of proxy war, in which armed force is used by or through third parties, rather than directly between belligerents. The study finds that each approach to conceptualizing the gray zone accounts for only a narrow range of issues which fall within the gap between traditional notions of peace and war. However, in combination, all three approaches are useful in explicating the gray zone and understanding the character of contemporary security challenges which defy simple categorization. These findings suggest that coercive diplomacy, discrete military operations, and proxy warfare provide three overlapping lenses for conceptualizing the gray zone and for understanding the gray zone conflicts which threaten international security in the early twenty-first century. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20zone" title="gray zone">gray zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20security" title=" international security"> international security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20operations" title=" military operations"> military operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95592/conceptualizing-conflict-in-the-gray-zone-a-comparative-analysis-of-diplomatic-military-and-political-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1546</span> Characterization of Onboard Reliable Error Correction Code FORSDRAM Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Pitcheswara%20Rao">N. Pitcheswara Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of conveying the information there may be a chance of signal being corrupted which leads to the erroneous bits in the message. The message may consist of single, double and multiple bit errors. In high-reliability applications, memory can sustain multiple soft errors due to single or multiple event upsets caused by environmental factors. The traditional hamming code with SEC-DED capability cannot be address these types of errors. It is possible to use powerful non-binary BCH code such as Reed-Solomon code to address multiple errors. However, it could take at least a couple dozen cycles of latency to complete first correction and run at a relatively slow speed. In order to overcome this drawback i.e., to increase speed and latency we are using reed-Muller code. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEC-DED" title="SEC-DED">SEC-DED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCH%20code" title=" BCH code"> BCH code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Solomon%20code" title=" Reed-Solomon code"> Reed-Solomon code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Muller%20code" title=" Reed-Muller code"> Reed-Muller code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33706/characterization-of-onboard-reliable-error-correction-code-forsdram-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1545</span> Characterization of Onboard Reliable Error Correction Code for SDRAM Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitcheswara%20Rao%20Nelapati">Pitcheswara Rao Nelapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of conveying the information there may be a chance of signal being corrupted which leads to the erroneous bits in the message. The message may consist of single, double and multiple bit errors. In high-reliability applications, memory can sustain multiple soft errors due to single or multiple event upsets caused by environmental factors. The traditional hamming code with SEC-DED capability cannot be address these types of errors. It is possible to use powerful non-binary BCH code such as Reed-Solomon code to address multiple errors. However, it could take at least a couple dozen cycles of latency to complete first correction and run at a relatively slow speed. In order to overcome this drawback i.e., to increase speed and latency we are using reed-Muller code. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEC-DED" title="SEC-DED">SEC-DED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCH%20code" title=" BCH code"> BCH code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Solomon%20code" title=" Reed-Solomon code"> Reed-Solomon code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reed-Muller%20code" title=" Reed-Muller code"> Reed-Muller code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32965/characterization-of-onboard-reliable-error-correction-code-for-sdram-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1544</span> Multilevel Gray Scale Image Encryption through 2D Cellular Automata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rupali%20Bhardwaj">Rupali Bhardwaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data; the data are converted into some other gibberish form, and then the encrypted data are transmitted. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide two levels of security through a two-step process, rather than transmitted the message bits directly, first encrypted it using 2D cellular automata and then scrambled with Arnold Cat Map transformation; it provides an additional layer of protection and reduces the chance of the transmitted message being detected. A comparative analysis on effectiveness of scrambling technique is provided by scrambling degree measurement parameters i.e. Gray Difference Degree (GDD) and Correlation Coefficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrambling" title="scrambling">scrambling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title=" cellular automata"> cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnold%20cat%20map" title=" Arnold cat map"> Arnold cat map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20of%20life" title=" game of life"> game of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20difference%20degree" title=" gray difference degree"> gray difference degree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20coefficient" title=" correlation coefficient"> correlation coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41177/multilevel-gray-scale-image-encryption-through-2d-cellular-automata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1543</span> A Resistant-Based Comparative Study between Iranian Concrete Design Code and Some Worldwide Ones </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Sadegh%20Naseralavi">Seyed Sadegh Naseralavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najmeh%20Bemani"> Najmeh Bemani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design in most counties should be inevitably carried out by their native code such as Iran. Since the Iranian concrete code does not exist in structural design software, most engineers in this country analyze the structures using commercial software but design the structural members manually. This point motivated us to make a communication between Iranian code and some other well-known ones to create facility for the engineers. Finally, this paper proposes the so-called interpretation charts which help specify the position of Iranian code in comparison of some worldwide ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam" title="beam">beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20code" title=" concrete code"> concrete code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpretation%20charts" title=" interpretation charts "> interpretation charts </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29241/a-resistant-based-comparative-study-between-iranian-concrete-design-code-and-some-worldwide-ones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1542</span> Data Hiding in Gray Image Using ASCII Value and Scanning Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Pateriya">R. K. Pateriya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Bharti"> Jyoti Bharti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an approach for data hiding methods which provides a secret communication between sender and receiver. The data is hidden in gray-scale images and the boundary of gray-scale image is used to store the mapping information. In this an approach data is in ASCII format and the mapping is in between ASCII value of hidden message and pixel value of cover image, since pixel value of an image as well as ASCII value is in range of 0 to 255 and this mapping information is occupying only 1 bit per character of hidden message as compared to 8 bit per character thus maintaining good quality of stego image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASCII%20value" title="ASCII value">ASCII value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20image" title=" cover image"> cover image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSNR" title=" PSNR"> PSNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel%20value" title=" pixel value"> pixel value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stego%20image" title=" stego image"> stego image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secret%20message" title=" secret message"> secret message</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50472/data-hiding-in-gray-image-using-ascii-value-and-scanning-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1541</span> Code-Switching in Facebook Chatting Among Maldivian Teenagers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaidha%20Hammad">Aaidha Hammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the phenomenon of code switching among teenagers in the Maldives while they carry out conversations through Facebook in the form of “Facebook Chatting”. The current study aims at evaluating the frequency of code-switching and it investigates between what languages code-switching occurs. Besides the study identifies the types of words that are often codeswitched and the triggers for code switching. The methodology used in this study is mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approach. In this regard, the chat log of a group conversation between 10 teenagers was collected and analyzed. A questionnaire was also administered through online to 24 different teenagers from different corners of the Maldives. The age of teenagers ranged between 16 and 19 years. The findings of the current study revealed that while Maldivian teenagers chat in Facebook they very often code switch and these switches are most commonly between Dhivehi and English, but some other languages are also used to some extent. It also identified the different types of words that are being often code switched among the teenagers. Most importantly it explored different reasons behind code switching among the Maldivian teenagers in Facebook chatting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-switching" title="code-switching">code-switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Facebook" title=" Facebook"> Facebook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Facebook%20chatting%20Maldivian%20teenagers" title=" Facebook chatting Maldivian teenagers"> Facebook chatting Maldivian teenagers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71159/code-switching-in-facebook-chatting-among-maldivian-teenagers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1540</span> Development of Fem Code for 2-D Elasticity Problems Using Quadrilateral and Triangular Elements </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umar%20Kiani">Muhammad Umar Kiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Sakawat"> Waseem Sakawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the development of FEM code using Quadrilateral 4-Node (Q4) and Triangular 3-Node (T3) elements. Code is formulated using MATLAB language. Instead of using both elements in the same code, two separate codes are written. Quadrilateral element is difficult to handle directly, that is why natural coordinates (eta, ksi) are used. Due to this, Q4 code includes numerical integration (Gauss quadrature). In this case, complete numerical integration is performed using 2 points. On the other hand, T3 element can be modeled directly, by using direct stiffness approach. Axially loaded element, cantilever (special constraints) and Patch test cases were analyzed using both codes and the results were verified by using Ansys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20code" title="FEM code">FEM code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20integration" title=" numerical integration"> numerical integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title=" ANSYS"> ANSYS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2344/development-of-fem-code-for-2-d-elasticity-problems-using-quadrilateral-and-triangular-elements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1539</span> Code Switching: A Case Study Of Lebanon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassim%20Bekai">Wassim Bekai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Code switching, as its name states, is altering between two or more languages in one sentence. The speaker tends to use code switching in his/her speech for better clarification of his/her message to the receiver. It is commonly used in sociocultural countries such as Lebanon because of the various cultures that have come across its lands through history, considering Lebanon is geographically located in the heart of the world, and hence between many cultures and languages. In addition, Lebanon was occupied by Turkish authorities for about 400 years, and later on by the French mandate, where both of these countries forced their languages in official papers and in the Lebanese educational system. In this paper, the importance of code switching in the Lebanese workplace will be examined, stressing the efficiency and amount of the production resulting from code switching in the workplace (factories, universities among other places) in addition to exploring the social, education, religious and cultural factors behind this phenomenon in Lebanon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20switching" title="code switching">code switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lebanon" title=" Lebanon"> Lebanon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural" title=" cultural"> cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title=" factors"> factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143945/code-switching-a-case-study-of-lebanon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1538</span> Features of Testing of the Neuronetwork Converter Biometrics-Code with Correlation Communications between Bits of the Output Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20S.%20Akhmetov">B. S. Akhmetov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Ivanov"> A. I. Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Kartbayev"> T. S. Kartbayev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Y.%20Malygin"> A. Y. Malygin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mukapil"> K. Mukapil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Tolybayev"> S. D. Tolybayev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article examines the testing of the neural network converter of biometrics code. Determined the main reasons that prevented the use adopted in the works of foreign researchers classical a Binomial Law when describing distribution of measures of Hamming "Alien" codes-responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title="biometrics">biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testing" title=" testing"> testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=converter%20of%20biometrics-code" title=" converter of biometrics-code"> converter of biometrics-code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamming%27s%20measure" title=" Hamming's measure"> Hamming's measure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20893/features-of-testing-of-the-neuronetwork-converter-biometrics-code-with-correlation-communications-between-bits-of-the-output-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1537</span> Optical Multicast over OBS Networks: An Approach Based on Code-Words and Tunable Decoders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Sliti">Maha Sliti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Abdallah"> Walid Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Boudriga"> Noureddine Boudriga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the frame of this work, we present an optical multicasting approach based on optical code-words. Our approach associates, in the edge node, an optical code-word to a group multicast address. In the core node, a set of tunable decoders are used to send a traffic data to multiple destinations based on the received code-word. The use of code-words, which correspond to the combination of an input port and a set of output ports, allows the implementation of an optical switching matrix. At the reception of a burst, it will be delayed in an optical memory. And, the received optical code-word is split to a set of tunable optical decoders. When it matches a configured code-word, the delayed burst is switched to a set of output ports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20multicast" title="optical multicast">optical multicast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20burst%20switching%20networks" title=" optical burst switching networks"> optical burst switching networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20code-words" title=" optical code-words"> optical code-words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunable%20decoder" title=" tunable decoder"> tunable decoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20optical%20memory" title=" virtual optical memory"> virtual optical memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11614/optical-multicast-over-obs-networks-an-approach-based-on-code-words-and-tunable-decoders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">607</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1536</span> Quick Response(QR) Code for Vehicle Registration and Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Malarvizhi">S. Malarvizhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sadiq%20Basha"> S. Sadiq Basha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Santhosh%20Kumar"> M. Santhosh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Saravanan"> K. Saravanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sasikumar"> R. Sasikumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Satheesh"> R. Satheesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This is a web based application which provides authorization for the vehicle identification and registration. It also provides mutual authentication between the police and users in order to avoid misusage. The QR code generation in this application overcomes the difficulty in the manual registration of the vehicle documents. This generated QR code is placed in the number plates of the vehicles. The QR code is scanned using the QR Reader installed in the smart devices. The police officials can check the vehicle details and file cases on accidents, theft and traffic rules violations using QR code. In addition to vehicle insurance payments and renewals, the renewal alert is sent to the vehicle owner about payment deadline. The non-permitted vehicles can be blocked in the next check-post by sending the alert messages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QR%20code" title="QR code">QR code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QR%20reader" title=" QR reader"> QR reader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=registration" title=" registration"> registration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentication" title=" authentication"> authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idenfication" title=" idenfication"> idenfication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1704/quick-responseqr-code-for-vehicle-registration-and-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1535</span> Analyzing the Impact of Code Commenting on Software Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thulya%20Premathilake">Thulya Premathilake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tharushi%20Perera"> Tharushi Perera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hansi%20Thathsarani"> Hansi Thathsarani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tharushi%20Nethmini"> Tharushi Nethmini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilshan%20De%20Silva"> Dilshan De Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piyumika%20Samarasekara"> Piyumika Samarasekara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most efficient ways to assist developers in grasping the source code is to make use of comments, which can be found throughout the code. When working in fields such as software development, having comments in your code that are of good quality is a fundamental requirement. Tackling software problems while making use of programs that have already been built. It is essential for the intention of the source code to be made crystal apparent in the comments that are added to the code. This assists programmers in better comprehending the programs they are working on and enables them to complete software maintenance jobs in a more timely manner. In spite of the fact that comments and documentation are meant to improve readability and maintainability, the vast majority of programmers place the majority of their focus on the actual code that is being written. This study provides a complete and comprehensive overview of the previous research that has been conducted on the topic of code comments. The study focuses on four main topics, including automated comment production, comment consistency, comment classification, and comment quality rating. One is able to get the knowledge that is more complete for use in following inquiries if they conduct an analysis of the proper approaches that were used in this study issue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20commenting" title="code commenting">code commenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20code" title=" source code"> source code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20quality" title=" software quality"> software quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title=" quality assurance"> quality assurance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166697/analyzing-the-impact-of-code-commenting-on-software-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1534</span> Lowering Error Floors by Concatenation of Low-Density Parity-Check and Array Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cinna%20Soltanpur">Cinna Soltanpur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ghamari"> Mohammad Ghamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Momahed%20Heravi"> Behzad Momahed Heravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Zare"> Fatemeh Zare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been shown to deliver capacity approaching performance; however, problematic graphical structures (e.g. trapping sets) in the Tanner graph of some LDPC codes can cause high error floors in bit-error-ratio (BER) performance under conventional sum-product algorithm (SPA). This paper presents a serial concatenation scheme to avoid the trapping sets and to lower the error floors of LDPC code. The outer code in the proposed concatenation is the LDPC, and the inner code is a high rate array code. This approach applies an interactive hybrid process between the BCJR decoding for the array code and the SPA for the LDPC code together with bit-pinning and bit-flipping techniques. Margulis code of size (2640, 1320) has been used for the simulation and it has been shown that the proposed concatenation and decoding scheme can considerably improve the error floor performance with minimal rate loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concatenated%20coding" title="concatenated coding">concatenated coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%E2%80%93density%20parity%E2%80%93check%20codes" title=" low–density parity–check codes"> low–density parity–check codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20code" title=" array code"> array code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20floors" title=" error floors"> error floors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60058/lowering-error-floors-by-concatenation-of-low-density-parity-check-and-array-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1533</span> Exploiting JPEG2000 into Reversible Information</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Te-Jen%20Chang">Te-Jen Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-Hui%20Pan"> I-Hui Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuang-Hsiung%20Tan"> Kuang-Hsiung Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shan-Jen%20Cheng"> Shan-Jen Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Wu%20Lan"> Chien-Wu Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Chan%20Hu"> Chih-Chan Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the event of multimedia age in order to protect data not to be tampered, damaged, and faked, information hiding technologies are proposed. Information hiding means important secret information is hidden into cover multimedia and then camouflaged media is produced. This camouflaged media has the characteristic of natural protection. Under the undoubted situation, important secret information is transmitted out.Reversible information hiding technologies for high capacity is proposed in this paper. The gray images are as cover media in this technology. We compress gray images and compare with the original image to produce the estimated differences. By using the estimated differences, expression information hiding is used, and higher information capacity can be achieved. According to experimental results, the proposed technology can be approved. For these experiments, the whole capacity of information payload and image quality can be satisfied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20media" title="cover media">cover media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camouflaged%20media" title=" camouflaged media"> camouflaged media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversible%20information%20hiding" title=" reversible information hiding"> reversible information hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20image" title=" gray image"> gray image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58909/exploiting-jpeg2000-into-reversible-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1532</span> UNIX Source Code Leak: Evaluation and Feasible Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gu%20Dongxing">Gu Dongxing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Yuxuan"> Li Yuxuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nong%20Tengxiao"> Nong Tengxiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burra%20Venkata%20Durga%20Kumar"> Burra Venkata Durga Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since computers are widely used in business models, more and more companies choose to store important information in computers to improve productivity. However, this information can be compromised in many cases, such as when it is stored locally on the company's computers or when it is transferred between servers and clients. Of these important information leaks, source code leaks are probably the most costly. Because the source code often represents the core technology of the company, especially for the Internet companies, source code leakage may even lead to the company's core products lose market competitiveness, and then lead to the bankruptcy of the company. In recent years, such as Microsoft, AMD and other large companies have occurred source code leakage events, suffered a huge loss. This reveals to us the importance and necessity of preventing source code leakage. This paper aims to find ways to prevent source code leakage based on the direction of operating system, and based on the fact that most companies use Linux or Linux-like system to realize the interconnection between server and client, to discuss how to reduce the possibility of source code leakage during data transmission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20transmission" title="data transmission">data transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linux" title=" Linux"> Linux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20code" title=" source code"> source code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20system" title=" operating system"> operating system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153161/unix-source-code-leak-evaluation-and-feasible-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1531</span> Code Refactoring Using Slice-Based Cohesion Metrics and AOP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagannath%20Singh">Jagannath Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Durga%20Prasad%20Mohapatra"> Durga Prasad Mohapatra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software refactoring is very essential for maintaining the software quality. It is an usual practice that we first design the software and then go for coding. But after coding is completed, if the requirement changes slightly or our expected output is not achieved, then we change the codes. For each small code change, we cannot change the design. In course of time, due to these small changes made to the code, the software design decays. Software refactoring is used to restructure the code in order to improve the design and quality of the software. In this paper, we propose an approach for performing code refactoring. We use slice-based cohesion metrics to identify the target methods which requires refactoring. After identifying the target methods, we use program slicing to divide the target method into two parts. Finally, we have used the concepts of Aspects to adjust the code structure so that the external behaviour of the original module does not change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20refactoring" title="software refactoring">software refactoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=program%20slicing" title=" program slicing"> program slicing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AOP" title=" AOP"> AOP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion%20metrics" title=" cohesion metrics"> cohesion metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20restructure" title=" code restructure"> code restructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AspectJ" title=" AspectJ"> AspectJ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10366/code-refactoring-using-slice-based-cohesion-metrics-and-aop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1530</span> Maximum Distance Separable b-Symbol Repeated-Root γ-Constacylic Codes over a Finite Chain Ring of Length 2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Laaouine">Jamal Laaouine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Elhassani%20Charkani"> Mohammed Elhassani Charkani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let p be a prime and let b be an integer. MDS b-symbol codes are a direct generalization of MDS codes. The γ-constacyclic codes of length pˢ over the finite commutative chain ring Fₚm [u]/ < u² > had been classified into four distinct types, where is a nonzero element of the field Fₚm. Let C₃ be a code of Type 3. In this paper, we obtain the b-symbol distance db(C₃) of the code C₃. Using this result, necessary and sufficient conditions under which C₃ is an MDS b-symbol code are given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constacyclic%20code" title="constacyclic code">constacyclic code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repeated-root%20code" title=" repeated-root code"> repeated-root code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20distance%20separable" title=" maximum distance separable"> maximum distance separable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDS%20codes" title=" MDS codes"> MDS codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=b-symbol%20distance" title=" b-symbol distance"> b-symbol distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20chain%20rings" title=" finite chain rings"> finite chain rings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131201/maximum-distance-separable-b-symbol-repeated-root-gh-constacylic-codes-over-a-finite-chain-ring-of-length-2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1529</span> Bitplanes Gray-Level Image Encryption Approach Using Arnold Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Abdrhman%20M.%20Ukasha">Ali Abdrhman M. Ukasha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data security needed in data transmission, storage, and communication to ensure the security. The single step parallel contour extraction (SSPCE) method is used to create the edge map as a key image from the different Gray level/Binary image. Performing the X-OR operation between the key image and each bit plane of the original image for image pixel values change purpose. The Arnold transform used to changes the locations of image pixels as image scrambling process. Experiments have demonstrated that proposed algorithm can fully encrypt 2D Gary level image and completely reconstructed without any distortion. Also shown that the analyzed algorithm have extremely large security against some attacks like salt & pepper and JPEG compression. Its proof that the Gray level image can be protected with a higher security level. The presented method has easy hardware implementation and suitable for multimedia protection in real time applications such as wireless networks and mobile phone services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSPCE%20method" title="SSPCE method">SSPCE method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20compression-salt-%20peppers%20attacks" title=" image compression-salt- peppers attacks"> image compression-salt- peppers attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitplanes%20decomposition" title=" bitplanes decomposition"> bitplanes decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnold%20transform" title=" Arnold transform"> Arnold transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lossless%20image%20encryption" title=" lossless image encryption"> lossless image encryption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14573/bitplanes-gray-level-image-encryption-approach-using-arnold-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1528</span> The Development, Validation, and Evaluation of the Code Blue Simulation Module in Improving the Code Blue Response Time among Nurses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Rajaah%20Binti%20Sayed%20Sultan">Siti Rajaah Binti Sayed Sultan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Managing the code blue event is stressful for nurses, the patient, and the patient's families. The rapid response from the first and second responders in the code blue event will improve patient outcomes and prevent tissue hypoxia that leads to brain injury and other organ failures. Providing 1 minute for the cardiac massage and 2 minutes for defibrillation will significantly improve patient outcomes. As we know, the American Heart Association came out with guidelines for managing cardiac arrest patients. The hospital must provide competent staff to manage this situation. It can be achieved when the staff is well equipped with the skill, attitude, and knowledge to manage this situation with well-planned strategies, i.e., clear guidelines for managing the code blue event, competent staff, and functional equipment. The code blue simulation (CBS) was chosen in the training program for code blue management because it can mimic real scenarios. Having the code blue simulation module will allow the staff to appreciate what they will face during the code blue event, especially since it rarely happens in that area. This CBS module training will help the staff familiarize themselves with the activities that happened during actual events and be able to operate the equipment accordingly. Being challenged and independent in managing the code blue in the early phase gives the patient a better outcome. The CBS module will help the assessor and the hospital management team with the proper tools and guidelines for managing the code blue drill accordingly. As we know, prompt action will benefit the patient and their family. It also indirectly increases the confidence and job satisfaction among the nurses, increasing the standard of care, reducing the complication and hospital burden, and enhancing cost-effective care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20blue%20simulation%20module" title="code blue simulation module">code blue simulation module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20of%20code%20blue%20simulation%20module" title=" development of code blue simulation module"> development of code blue simulation module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20blue%20response%20time" title=" code blue response time"> code blue response time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20blue%20drill" title=" code blue drill"> code blue drill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiorespiratory%20arrest" title=" cardiorespiratory arrest"> cardiorespiratory arrest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=managing%20code%20blue" title=" managing code blue"> managing code blue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183021/the-development-validation-and-evaluation-of-the-code-blue-simulation-module-in-improving-the-code-blue-response-time-among-nurses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1527</span> The Gray Dance - An Analysis of Ageism in Dance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Higa">Paula Higa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper briefly examines age and its impact on a dancer’s performance career. An investigation into the possible reasons why audiences don’t regularly see veteran dancers on stage (termed as the Gray Dancer) supports the research. This analysis reflects some of the social dynamics that shape perceptions of the aging body in the U.S., as well as the correlation between the meaning of old and decay in Western culture. The primary question addressed in this research asks, who has the prerogative to determine when a dancer should stop dancing - society or the dancer themselves The aging process can significantly shorten a performer's professional career. The body has less endurance and is more susceptible to injuries, fatigue, etc. It also becomes less flexible and loses muscular strength and tone. A reduction in physical skills may usher gray dancers to embrace an ideology of shorter careers. However, in today’s age of diversity, equity, and inclusion, the realm of dance performance should reflect the times in which it is rooted; a multi-generational environment where people interact and participate in all of life's events. Overall, this study champions the inclusion of gray dancers as representations of mastery and wisdom akin to those traits associated with age and experience across various professions. Dance is an art form that transcends the assumptions of youthful beauty and physical ability. It serves as a conduit for conveying a lifetime of experiences, emotions, and ideas through the expressive vehicle of the body. Furthermore, it presents audiences with a medium to perceive and comprehend both themselves and life itself, echoing Noverre's insightful contemplation. The essay underscores the importance of valuing, sensing, and appreciating the richness that gray dancers bring to the stage by delving into segments of dance history and analyzing the possible influence of curators, directors, audiences, and society in general on ageism in dance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dance" title="dance">dance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ageism" title=" ageism"> ageism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics%20in%20dance" title=" politics in dance"> politics in dance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curatorial%20process" title=" curatorial process"> curatorial process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173294/the-gray-dance-an-analysis-of-ageism-in-dance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gray%20code&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gray%20code&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gray%20code&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gray%20code&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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