Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist - Journal of Materials Chemistry C (RSC Publishing)

<!DOCTYPE html>   <html lang="en">  <head id="Head1"> <title> Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist - Journal of Materials Chemistry C (RSC Publishing) </title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-aaa897feae8feeca979","applicationID":"1313546638","transactionName":"M1wANxQFCEcDVU0PWgoWLzUlSyVbDEJcCEEnVgwXFAsKWAdEFgdHEFABDwMIB1oGX1cB","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":99,"agent":"","atts":""}</script><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1386013924",accountID:"2851366",trustKey:"1029994",xpid:"Vg4CUFVVDhABV1BRAgUBUFcJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-aaa897feae8feeca979",applicationID:"1313546638"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.rsc-cdn.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2d89ef"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <link href="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/webfonts/fonts.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/stylesheets/pubs-ui.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <meta name="dc.domain" content="pdf" /> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "The Royal Society of Chemistry" }, "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/tc/d2tc04869h" }, "headline": "Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist", "image": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/Image/GA/D2TC04869H", "isAccessibleForFree": "False", "hasPart": { "@type": "WebPageElement", "isAccessibleForFree": "False", "cssSelector": ".t-html" } } </script> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@JMaterChem" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/tc/d2tc04869h" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/Image/GA/D2TC04869H" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This report describes a liquid crystalline material that can be cured and patterned with green light and photoaligned with blue light. The liquid crystalline material consists of azobenzene repeat units that undergo photoisomerization between trans and cis isomers when irradiated with UV and visible light. A" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/tc/d2tc04869h" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Gregory T. Carroll" /> <meta content="Gregory T. Carroll" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA" name="citation_author_institution" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Kyung Min Lee" /> <meta content="Kyung Min Lee" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA" name="citation_author_institution" /><meta content="Azimuth Corporation, Dayton, OH, USA" name="citation_author_institution" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Michael E. McConney" /> <meta content="Michael E. McConney" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA" name="citation_author_institution" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Harris J. Hall" /> <meta content="Harris J. Hall" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA" name="citation_author_institution" /><meta name="DC.title" content="Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist" /> <meta name="DC.publisher" content="The Royal Society of Chemistry" /> <meta name="DC.issued" content="2023/01/16" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.1039/D2TC04869H" /> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /> <meta name="PPL.DocType" content="journals" /> <meta name="description" content="This report describes a liquid crystalline material that can be cured and patterned with green light and photoaligned with blue light. The liquid crystalline material consists of azobenzene repeat units that undergo photoisomerization between trans and cis isomers when irradiated with UV and visible light. A #MyFirstJMCC " /> <meta content="2050-7534" name="citation_issn" /> <meta content="Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="2023/01/16" name="citation_online_date" /><meta content="2023/02/09" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta content="Journal of Materials Chemistry C" name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="11" name="citation_volume" /> <meta content="6" name="citation_issue" /> <meta content="2177" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="2185" name="citation_lastpage" /> <meta content="10.1039/D2TC04869H" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/tc/d2tc04869h" name="citation_pdf_url" /> <meta content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/tc/d2tc04869h" name="citation_abstract_html_url" /> <meta content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2023/tc/d2tc04869h" name="citation_fulltext_html_url" /> <meta content="J. Mater. Chem. C" name="citation_journal_abbrev" /> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Multiresponsive polymers: nano-sized assemblies, stimuli-sensitive gels and smart surfaces; citation_author=G. Pasparakis; citation_author=M. Vamvakaki; citation_journal_title=Polym. Chem.; citation_volume=2; citation_pages=1234-1248;citation_publication_date=2011; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Topography from topology: photo-induced surface features generated in liquid crystal polymer networks; citation_author=M. E. McConney; citation_author=A. Martinez; citation_author=V. P. Tondiglia; citation_author=K. Lee; citation_author=D. Langley; citation_author=I. I. Smalyukh; citation_author=T. J. White; citation_journal_title=Adv. Mater.; citation_volume=25; citation_pages=5880-5885;citation_publication_date=2013; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Patterns in soft and biological matters; citation_author=D. V. Alexandrov; citation_author=A. Y. Zubarev; citation_journal_title=Philos. Trans. R. Soc., A; citation_volume=378; citation_pages=20200002;citation_publication_date=2020; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Smart materials and structures; citation_author=W. Cao; citation_author=H. H. Cudney; citation_author=R. Waser; citation_journal_title=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.; citation_volume=96; citation_pages=8330-8331;citation_publication_date=1999; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Electric fields control the orientation of peptides irreversibly immobilized on radical-functionalized surfaces; citation_author=L. J. Martin; citation_author=B. Akhavan; citation_author=M. M. M. Bilek; citation_journal_title=Nat. Commun.; citation_volume=9; citation_pages=357;citation_publication_date=2018; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photodeformable liquid crystalline polymers containing functional additives: toward photomanipulatable intelligent soft systems; citation_author=S. Huang; citation_author=Y. Huang; citation_author=Q. Li.; citation_journal_title=Small Struct.; citation_volume=2; citation_pages=2100038;citation_publication_date=2021; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Liquid crystals: versatile self-organized smart soft materials; citation_author=H. K. Bisoyi; citation_author=Q. Li; citation_journal_title=Chem. Rev.; citation_volume=122; citation_pages=4887-4926;citation_publication_date=2022; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Dynamic control of light direction enabled by stimuli-responsive liquid crystal gratings; citation_author=R. S. Zola; citation_author=H. K. Bisoyi; citation_author=H. Wang; citation_author=A. M. Urbas; citation_author=T. J. Bunning; citation_author=Q. Li; citation_journal_title=Adv. Mater.; citation_volume=31; citation_pages=1806172;citation_publication_date=2019; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Light-driven soft robot mimics caterpillar locomotion in natural scale; citation_author=M. Rogóż; citation_author=H. Zeng; citation_author=C. Xuan; citation_author=D. S. Wiersma; citation_author=P. Wasylczyk; citation_journal_title=Adv. Opt. Mater.; citation_volume=4; citation_pages=1689-1694;citation_publication_date=2016; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Self-regulating iris based on light-actuated liquid crystal elastomer; citation_author=H. Zeng; citation_author=O. M. Wani; citation_author=P. Wasylczyk; citation_author=R. Kaczmarek; citation_author=A. Priimagi; citation_journal_title=Adv. Mater.; citation_volume=29; citation_pages=1701814;citation_publication_date=2017; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Soft Lithography; citation_author=Y. Xia; citation_author=G. M. Whitesides; citation_journal_title=Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.; citation_volume=28; citation_pages=153-184;citation_publication_date=1998; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=‘Dip-Pen’ Nanolithography; citation_author=R. D. Piner; citation_author=J. Zhu; citation_author=F. Xu; citation_author=S. Hong; citation_author=C. A. Mirkin; citation_journal_title=Science; citation_volume=29; citation_pages=661-663;citation_publication_date=1999; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Spontaneous generation and patterning of chiral polymeric surface toroids; citation_author=G. T. Carroll; citation_author=M. G. M. Jongejan; citation_author=D. Pijper; citation_author=B. L. Feringa; citation_journal_title=Chem. Sci.; citation_volume=1; citation_pages=469-472;citation_publication_date=2010; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photoisomerization-induced patterning of ion-pairing materials based on anionic azobenzene and its complex with a fluorescent pi-electron system; citation_author=R. Yamakado; citation_author=I. Kitamura; citation_author=M. Hara; citation_author=S. Nagano; citation_author=T. Seki; citation_author=H. Maeda; citation_journal_title=Chem. Commun.; citation_volume=57; citation_pages=4287-4290;citation_publication_date=2021; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photochemical Immobilization of Polymers on a Surface: Controlling Film Thickness and Wettability; citation_author=G. T. Carroll; citation_author=N. J. Turro; citation_author=A. Mammana; citation_author=J. T. Koberstein; citation_journal_title=Photochem. Photobiol.; citation_volume=93; citation_pages=1165-1169;citation_publication_date=2017; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystal photoresist; citation_author=K. Yamashita; citation_author=S. Kyo; citation_author=T. Miyagawa; citation_author=M. Nango; citation_author=K. Tsuda; citation_journal_title=J. Appl. Polym. Sci.; citation_volume=52; citation_pages=577-581;citation_publication_date=1994; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Isotropic “islands” in a cholesteric “sea”: patterned thermal expansion for responsive surface topologies; citation_author=M. E. Sousa; citation_author=D. J. Broer; citation_author=C. W. Bastiaansen; citation_author=L. B. Freund; citation_author=G. P. Crawford; citation_journal_title=Adv. Mater.; citation_volume=18; citation_pages=1842-1845;citation_publication_date=2006; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=External stimulus driven variable-step grating in a nematic elastomer; citation_author=E. Sungur; citation_author=M.-H. Li; citation_author=G. Taupier; citation_author=A. Boeglin; citation_author=M. Romeo; citation_author=S. Méry; citation_author=P. Keller; citation_author=K. D. Dorkenoo; citation_journal_title=Opt. Express; citation_volume=15; citation_pages=6784-6789;citation_publication_date=2007; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=High-resolution 3D direct laser writing for liquid-crystalline elastomer microstructures; citation_author=H. Zeng; citation_author=D. Martella; citation_author=P. Wasylczyk; citation_author=G. Cerretti; citation_author=J. C. G. Lavocat; citation_author=C. H. Ho; citation_author=D. S. Wiersma; citation_journal_title=Adv. Mater.; citation_volume=26; citation_pages=2319-2322;citation_publication_date=2014; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Voxelated molecular patterning in three-dimensional freeforms; citation_author=M. Tabrizi; citation_author=T. H. Ware; citation_author=M. R. Shankar; citation_journal_title=ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces; citation_volume=11; citation_pages=28236-28245;citation_publication_date=2019; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Molecular-scale soft imprint lithography for alignment layers in liquid crystal devices; citation_author=R. Lin; citation_author=J. A. Rogers; citation_journal_title=Nano Lett.; citation_volume=7; citation_pages=1613-1621;citation_publication_date=2007; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A., & M. Ozaki Local liquid crystal alignment on patterned micrograting structures photofabricated by two photon excitation direct laser writing; citation_author=C. H. Lee; citation_author=H. Yoshida; citation_author=Y. Miura; citation_author=A. Fujii; citation_journal_title=Appl. Phys. Lett.; citation_volume=93; citation_pages=173509;citation_publication_date=2008; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Compartmentalized liquid crystal alignment induced by sparse polymer ribbons with surface relief gratings; citation_author=Z. Ji; citation_author=X. Zhang; citation_author=B. Shi; citation_author=W. Li; citation_author=W. Luo; citation_author=I. Drevensek-Olenik; citation_author=J. Xu; citation_journal_title=Opt. Lett.; citation_volume=41; citation_pages=336-339;citation_publication_date=2016; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Alignment engineering in liquid crystalline elastomers: Free-form microstructures with multiple functionalities; citation_author=H. Zeng; citation_author=P. Wasylczyk; citation_author=G. Cerretti; citation_author=D. Martella; citation_author=C. Parmeggiani; citation_author=D. S. Wiersma; citation_journal_title=Appl. Phys. Lett.; citation_volume=106; citation_pages=111902;citation_publication_date=2015; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Optical patterning of multi-domain liquid-crystal displays with wide viewing angles; citation_author=M. Schadt; citation_author=H. Seiberle; citation_author=A. Schuster; citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_volume=381; citation_pages=212-215;citation_publication_date=1996; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photomodulation of liquid crystal orientations for photonic applications; citation_author=T. Ikeda; citation_journal_title=J. Mater. Chem.; citation_volume=13; citation_pages=2037-2057;citation_publication_date=2003; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Characterization of optically imprinted polarization gratings; citation_author=S. R. Nersisyan; citation_author=N. V. Tabiryan; citation_author=D. M. Steeves; citation_author=B. R. Kimball; citation_journal_title=Appl. Opt.; citation_volume=48; citation_pages=4062-4067;citation_publication_date=2009; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A practical guide to versatile photoalignment with azobenzenes; citation_author=Y. Folwill; citation_author=Z. Zeitouny; citation_author=J. Lall; citation_author=H. Zappe; citation_journal_title=Liq. Cryst.; citation_volume=48; citation_pages=862-872;citation_publication_date=2020; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Spiropyran-based dynamic materials; citation_author=R. Klajn; citation_journal_title=Chem. Soc. Rev.; citation_volume=43; citation_pages=148-184;citation_publication_date=2014; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Diarylethenes for Memories and Switches; citation_author=M. Irie; citation_journal_title=Chem. Rev.; citation_volume=100; citation_pages=1685-1716;citation_publication_date=2000; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Spectroscopic study of the pH dependence of the optical properties of a water-soluble molecular photo-switch; citation_author=J. Fitz; citation_author=A. Mammana; citation_journal_title=Spectrochim. Acta, Part A; citation_volume=227; citation_pages=117576;citation_publication_date=2020; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Art of Building Small: From Molecular Switches to Motors; citation_author=B. L. Feringa; citation_journal_title=Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.; citation_volume=56; citation_pages=11060-11078;citation_publication_date=2017; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A Chiroptical Photoswitchable DNA Complex; citation_author=A. Mammana; citation_author=G. T. Carroll; citation_author=B. L. Feringa; citation_journal_title=J. Phys. Chem. B; citation_volume=115; citation_pages=11581-11587;citation_publication_date=2011; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photoalignment and Liquid Crystal Systems; citation_author=K. Ichimura; citation_journal_title=Chem. Rev.; citation_volume=100; citation_pages=1847-1874;citation_publication_date=2000; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photoswitchable Macroscopic Solid Surfaces Based On Azobenzene-Functionalized Polydopamine/Gold Nanoparticle Composite Materials: Formation, Isomerization and Ligand Exchange; citation_author=A. Kunfi; citation_author=R. B. Vlocsko; citation_author=Z. Keresztes; citation_author=M. Mohai; citation_author=I. Bertoti; citation_author=A. Abraham; citation_author=E. Kiss; citation_author=G. London; citation_journal_title=ChemPlusChem; citation_volume=85; citation_pages=797-805;citation_publication_date=2020; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photoisomerization in different classes of azobenzene; citation_author=H. M. D. Bandara; citation_author=S. C. Burdette; citation_journal_title=Chem. Soc. Rev.; citation_volume=41; citation_pages=1809-1825;citation_publication_date=2012; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Contactless, photoinitiated snap-through in azobenzene-functionalized polymers; citation_author=M. R. Shankar; citation_author=M. L. Smith; citation_author=V. P. Tondiglia; citation_author=K. Lee; citation_author=M. E. McConney; citation_author=D. H. Wang; citation_author=L.-S. Tan; citation_author=T. J. White; citation_journal_title=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.; citation_volume=110; citation_pages=18792-18797;citation_publication_date=2013; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Spectroscopic study of the pH dependent interaction of an achiral molecular photo-switch with poly-Glutamic acid; citation_author=J. Fitz; citation_author=A. Mammana; citation_journal_title=J. Photochem. Photobiol., A; citation_volume=388; citation_pages=112146;citation_publication_date=2020; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Optical Switching and Image Storage by Means of Azobenzene Liquid Crystal Films; citation_author=T. Ikeda; citation_author=O. Tsutsumi; citation_journal_title=Science; citation_volume=268; citation_pages=1873-1875;citation_publication_date=1995; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Directed bending of a polymer film by light; citation_author=Y. Yu; citation_author=M. Nakano; citation_author=T. Ikeda; citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_volume=425; citation_pages=145;citation_publication_date=2003; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photomobile polymer materials: towards light-driven plastic motors; citation_author=M. Yamada; citation_author=M. Kondo; citation_author=J.-I. Mamiya; citation_author=Y. Yu; citation_author=M. Kinoshita; citation_author=C. J. Barrett; citation_author=T. Ikeda; citation_journal_title=Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.; citation_volume=47; citation_pages=4986-4988;citation_publication_date=2008; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Fast liquid-crystal elastomer swims into the dark; citation_author=M. Camacho-Lopez; citation_author=H. Finkelmann; citation_author=P. Palffy-Muhoray; citation_author=M. Shelley; citation_journal_title=Nat. Mater.; citation_volume=3; citation_pages=307-310;citation_publication_date=2004; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Large amplitude light-induced motion in high elastic modulus polymer actuators; citation_author=K. D. Harris; citation_author=R. Cuypers; citation_author=P. Scheibe; citation_author=C. L. van Oosten; citation_author=C. W. M. Bastiaansen; citation_author=J. Lub; citation_author=D. J. Broer; citation_journal_title=J. Mater. Chem.; citation_volume=15; citation_pages=5043-5048;citation_publication_date=2005; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Fluorinated Azobenzenes for Shape-Persistent Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks; citation_author=S. Lamsaard; citation_author=E. Anger; citation_author=S. J. ABhoff; citation_author=A. Depauw; citation_author=S. P. Fletcher; citation_author=N. Katsonis; citation_journal_title=Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.; citation_volume=55; citation_pages=9908-9912;citation_publication_date=2016; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Light-driven Side-On Nematic Elastomer Actuators; citation_author=M.-H. Li; citation_author=P. Keller; citation_author=B. Li; citation_author=X. Wang; citation_author=M. Brunet; citation_journal_title=Adv. Mater.; citation_volume=15; citation_pages=569-572;citation_publication_date=2003; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A New Opto-Mechanical Effect in Solids; citation_author=H. Finkelmann; citation_author=E. Nishikawa; citation_author=G. G. Pereira; citation_author=M. Warner; citation_journal_title=Phys. Rev. Lett.; citation_volume=87; citation_pages=015501;citation_publication_date=2001; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Anisotropic Bending and Unbending Behavior of Azobenzene Liquid-Crystalline Gels by Light Exposure; citation_author=T. Ikeda; citation_author=M. Nakano; citation_author=Y. Yu; citation_author=O. Tsutsumi; citation_author=A. Kanazawa; citation_journal_title=Adv. Mater.; citation_volume=15; citation_pages=201-205;citation_publication_date=2003; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=How Does the Initial Alignment of Mesogens Affect the Photoinduced Bending Behavior of Liquid-Crystalline Elastomers?; citation_author=M. Kondo; citation_author=Y. Yu; citation_author=T. Ikeda; citation_journal_title=Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.; citation_volume=45; citation_pages=1378-1382;citation_publication_date=2006; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Enhancing the signal contrast ratio and stability of liquid crystal-based sensors by using fine grids made by photolithography of photoresists.; citation_author=J. J. Chang; citation_author=J. W. Huang; citation_author=C.-F. Lin; citation_author=S. W. Liu; citation_author=C. H. Chen; citation_journal_title=Analyst; citation_volume=146; citation_pages=3834-3840;citation_publication_date=2021; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Flat cholesteric liquid crystal polymeric lens with low f-number; citation_author=Y. Li; citation_author=T. Zhan; citation_author=S.-T. Wu; citation_journal_title=Opt. Express; citation_volume=28; citation_pages=5875-5882;citation_publication_date=2020; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photoactive additives for cross-linking polymer films: Inhibition of dewetting in thin polymer films; citation_author=G. T. Carroll; citation_author=M. Sojka; citation_author=L. Xuegong; citation_author=N. J. Turro; citation_author=J. T. Koberstein; citation_journal_title=Langmuir; citation_volume=22; citation_pages=7748-7754;citation_publication_date=2006; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photogeneration of Gelatinous Networks from Pre-existing Polymers; citation_author=G. T. Carroll; citation_author=L. D. Triplett; citation_author=A. Moscatelli; citation_author=J. T. Koberstein; citation_author=N. J. Turro; citation_journal_title=J. Appl. Polym. Sci.; citation_volume=122; citation_pages=168-174;citation_publication_date=2011; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Programmable Liquid Crystal Elastomers Prepared by Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization; citation_author=T. H. Ware; citation_author=Z. P. Perry; citation_author=C. M. Middleton; citation_author=S. T. Iacono; citation_author=T. J. White; citation_journal_title=ACS Macro Lett.; citation_volume=4; citation_pages=942-946;citation_publication_date=2015; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Effect of Cross-linking Density on Photo-induced Bending Behavior of Oriented Liquid-Crystalline Network Films Containing Azobenzene; citation_author=Y. Yu; citation_author=M. Nakano; citation_author=A. Shishido; citation_author=T. Shiono; citation_author=T. Ikeda; citation_journal_title=Chem. Mater.; citation_volume=16; citation_pages=1637-1643;citation_publication_date=2004; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photomechanical mechanism and structure-property considerations in the generation of photomechanical work in glassy, azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks; citation_author=K. M. Lee; citation_author=N. Tabyrian; citation_author=T. J. Bunning; citation_author=T. J. White; citation_journal_title=J. Mater. Chem.; citation_volume=22; citation_pages=691-698;citation_publication_date=2012; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Novel Photoalignment Method Based on Low-Molecular-Weight Azobenzene Dyes and Its Application for High-Dichroic-Ratio Polarizers; citation_author=S. Pan; citation_author=J. Y. Ho; citation_author=V. G. Chigrinov; citation_author=H. S. Kwok; citation_journal_title=ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces; citation_volume=10; citation_pages=9032-9037;citation_publication_date=2018; " /> <meta content=" This report describes a liquid crystalline material that can be cured and patterned with green light and photoaligned with blue light. The liquid crystalline material consists of azobenzene repeat units that undergo photoisomerization between trans and cis isomers when irradiated with UV and visible light. A formulation containing an azobenzene diacrylate mesogen was spin-coated and cured with green light through a photomask to generate a patterned film. Unexposed regions of the film were rinsed away. Exposure of the pattern to UV light to generate a cis enriched film greatly enhances the film's propensity to photoalign when exposed to polarized blue light. The orientations of the mesogenic repeat units are characterized with polarized UV-Vis spectroscopy and birefringence measurements. Photochemical switching between cis and trans conformations of the azobenzene chromophore is characterized with UV-Vis spectroscopy. " name="citation_abstract" /> <meta name="fragment" content="!" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/consent/4858ece2-d985-4da2-982d-42219fead606/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="4858ece2-d985-4da2-982d-42219fead606"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5HVSFVCN');</script>  </head> <body id="pagetop" class="oxy-ui pubs-ui alp-page ">  <noscript> <iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5HVSFVCN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div data-id="pnlAccSkipLinks" class="skipto-control"> <a href="#maincontent" class="skipto__link"> <div class="viewport r-gutter"> Jump to main content <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right-o-light.png" width="24" class="ver-m" alt=""> </div> </a> <a href="#SearchText" class="skipto__link"> <div class="viewport r-gutter"> Jump to site search <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right-o-light.png" width="24" class="ver-m" alt=""> </div> </a> </div> <header role="banner" data-id="pnlGlobalHeader" class="pubs-header"> <div class="viewport"> <div class="pubs-header__wrapper"> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--menu"> <a href="#" role="button" id="btnHamburgerMainNav" class="pubs-header__btn pubs-header__btn--open" aria-label="Open site menu"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/menu-light.png" width="24" alt=""></a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--home"> <a href="/" class="pubs-header__link pubs-header__link--home" title="Publishing home page" aria-label="Publishing home page">Publishing</a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--nav"> <nav class="pubs-header__nav"> <ul> <li class="pubs-header__nav-item"><a href="/en/journals?key=title&value=current" class="pubs-header__link" target="_self">Journals</a></li> <li class="pubs-header__nav-item"><a href="https://books.rsc.org/books/search-results?fl_SiteID=5&page=1&f_ContentType=Book&sort=Date+-+Newest+First" class="pubs-header__link" target="_blank">Books</a></li> <li class="pubs-header__nav-item"><a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/databases-literature-updates/" class="pubs-header__link" target="_blank">Databases</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--search-mobile"> <a href="#" class="pubs-header__btn" aria-label="Search" id="mobileSearchTrigger"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/search-light.png" width="24" alt="" id="mobileSearchIcon"></a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--search"> <div class="pubs-search-control"> <form action="/en/results" aria-label="Sitewide" id="SimpleSearch-form" method="post" role="search"> <label for="SearchText" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input autocomplete="off" class="pubs-search__input" id="SearchText" name="SearchText" type="search" value="" /> <div class="pubs-search__actions"> <button class="input__search-submit" type="submit" aria-label="Search" id="btnNavSearchInput"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right.png" width="32" alt=""></button> <a class="pubs-search__adv-link" href="/en/search/advancedsearch" aria-label="Advanced search" id="advancedLink">Advanced</a> </div> <span class="pubs-search__icon"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--login"> <a href="/en/account/logon" class="pubs-header__btn" aria-label="Log in or register"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/user-light.png" width="24" alt="" id="userIcon"></a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--trolley"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/basket/shoppingcart/orderitems?returnurl=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/tc/d2tc04869h" class="pubs-header__btn" aria-label="View your basket"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/trolley-light.png" width="24" alt="" id="trolleyIcon"></a> <span class="badge badge--count" style="display: none;"></span> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--logo"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org" class=""><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/rsc-logo-rev-pubs.svg" height="40" alt="Royal Society of Chemistry homepage"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-search" id="mobileSearchPanel"> <div class="viewport"> <div class=""> <div class="autopad--h fixpadt--l"> <form action="/en/results" aria-label="Sitewide" id="SimpleSearch-formMobile" method="post" role="search"> <label for="SearchTextMobile" class="sr-only">Search</label> <div class="input__search"> <i class="icon--search"></i> <input autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search term, doi, title, author" type="search" class="input__field input__field--basic input__label--block" id="SearchTextMobile" name="SearchText"> <button class="input__search-submit" name="search" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right.png" width="32" alt="" class="input__submit-icon"> </button> </div> <div class="input--error" id="errSimpleSearchMobileText">You must enter a search term</div> <div class="fixpadv--m"> <a class="pubs-search__adv-link " href="/en/search/advancedsearch" aria-label="Advanced search" id="advancedLink">Advanced search</a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="auth-header" data-id="pnlAuthHeader"> <div data-id="pnlSignIn"></div> <div class="viewport"> <div class="auth-header__institute-access"> <div class="auth-header__institute-messaging"> <span id="divWelcomeUser"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <noscript> <div class="viewport autopad--h fixpadb--m"> <div class="plate plate--warning"> You do not have JavaScript enabled. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site or access our <a href="/en/home/nonjavascriptversion">non-JavaScript page</a>. </div> </div> </noscript> <div id="maincontent"> <div id="a11y-announcer" class="sr-only" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/pubs_journal_tc_mpu_1', [300, 250], 'div-dfp-ad-1').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/pubs_journal_tc_mpu_2', [300, 250], 'div-dfp-ad-2').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/pubs_journal_tc_mpu_3', [300, 250], 'div-dfp-ad-3').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <input type="hidden" id="clicked_GetPatents" value="false" /> <input id="pageNumberTab" type="hidden" /> <input id="CitedByPN" type="hidden" /> <br> <div class="viewport"> <div class="layout-control"> <div class="layout__panel layout__panel--primary layout__panel--60 layout__panel--filled"> <section class="layout__content layout__content--padded"> <div class="article-nav"> <div class="article-nav__issue autopad--h"> <a href="/en/journals/journal/tc?issueid=tc011006&type=current&issnprint=2050-7526" aria-label="From Issue 6, 2023. Click to view all articles in this issue." title="Issue 6, 2023">Issue 6, 2023</a> </div> <nav aria-label="Article"> <ul class="article-nav__bar"> <li> <a href="/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2023/TC/D2TC04418H"> Previous <span class="v-mobile-hide--inline">Article</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2023/TC/D2TC04702K"> Next <span class="v-mobile-hide--inline">Article</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="list-control"> <div class="list__collection--image"> <div class="list__item"> <a href="/en/journals/journal/tc" class="list__item-link"> <div class="list__image-col"> <img src="/en/Image/Get?imageInfo.ImageType=CoverIssue&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.SerCode=TC&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.IssueId=TC011006" id="imgLoader" alt="" class="list__item-img" height="88"> </div> <div class="list__text-col"> <div class="list__item-label"> <span class="page-head__context">From the journal:</span> <h3 class="h--heading3 no-heading">Journal of Materials Chemistry C</h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <br> </div> <article class="article-control"> <div class="article__title"> <h2 class="capsule__title fixpadv--m"> Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist<a href="#fn1" title="Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc04869h">†</a> </h2> <div class="fixpadv--m crossmark-button"> <button type="button" data-target="crossmark"><img width="150" height="32" src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/logos/CROSSMARK_Color_horizontal.svg" alt="Check for updates" /></button> </div> </div> <div class="article__authors"> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AGregory%20T.%20Carroll">Gregory T. Carroll</a>, <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Gregory T. Carroll (orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-4976) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-4976"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <a href="#fn2" title="Present Address: Aerobioitix, Inc., Miamisburg, OH, USA.">‡</a>*<span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span>   </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AKyung%20Min%20Lee">Kyung Min Lee</a>,<span><sup><i>bc</i></sup></span>   </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AMichael%20E.%20McConney">Michael E. McConney</a><span><sup><i>b</i></sup></span>  and  </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AHarris%20J.%20Hall">Harris J. Hall</a> <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Harris J. Hall (orcid.org/0000-0003-4400-8656) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4400-8656"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span>   </span> </div> <div class="drawer-control fixpadv--m"> <a href="#" role="button" id="btnAuthorAffiliations" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="pnlAuthorAffiliations" class="drawer__handle"> <span class="drawer__icon"></span> Author affiliations </a> <div class="drawer__content" id="pnlAuthorAffiliations" aria-labelledby="btnAuthorAffiliations"> <div> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> * </span> <span> Corresponding authors </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>a</sup> </span> <span> Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA <br /> <b>E-mail:</b> <a href="mailto:gcarroll@aerobiotix.com" title="gcarroll@aerobiotix.com">gcarroll@aerobiotix.com</a> </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>b</sup> </span> <span> Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>c</sup> </span> <span> Azimuth Corporation, Dayton, OH, USA </span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="h--heading3 article-abstract__heading">Abstract</h3> <div class="capsule__column-wrapper"> <div class="capsule__text"> <p xmlns="http://www.rsc.org/schema/rscart38">This report describes a liquid crystalline material that can be cured and patterned with green light and photoaligned with blue light. The liquid crystalline material consists of azobenzene repeat units that undergo photoisomerization between <em>trans</em> and <em>cis</em> isomers when irradiated with UV and visible light. A formulation containing an azobenzene diacrylate mesogen was spin-coated and cured with green light through a photomask to generate a patterned film. Unexposed regions of the film were rinsed away. Exposure of the pattern to UV light to generate a <em>cis</em> enriched film greatly enhances the film's propensity to photoalign when exposed to polarized blue light. The orientations of the mesogenic repeat units are characterized with polarized UV-Vis spectroscopy and birefringence measurements. Photochemical switching between <em>cis</em> and <em>trans</em> conformations of the azobenzene chromophore is characterized with UV-Vis spectroscopy.</p> </div> <div class="capsule__article-image fixpadv--s"> <img src="/en/Image/Get?imageInfo.ImageType=GA&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.ManuscriptID=D2TC04869H&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.Year=2023" alt="Graphical abstract: Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist" /> </div> </div> <p></p> <div class="pnl pnl--border pnl--drop"> <div class="list-control"> <ul class="list__collection"> <li class="list__item"> This article is part of the themed collection: <a href="/en/journals/articlecollectionlanding?sercode=tc&themeid=05db058b-9f0c-4c1c-9b3b-e19e6eddc3ba">#MyFirstJMCC</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="pnlArticleAccess" class="article-access fixpadt--xxl" style="display: none; border: 0;"> <div class="article-access__inner" style="background-color: #F1F1F3;"> <div class="article-access__head fixpad--s"> You have access to this article </div> <div class="fixpad--xl"> <div id="pnlViewFullArticleButton" class="paywall__body text--centered"> <div id="pnlArticleLoading"> <span id="thtmlLoadingMessage"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" class="ver-m" /> Please wait while we load your content... </span> <span id="thtmlErrorMessage" style="display: none;"> Something went wrong. <a href="#" id="btnTryAgain">Try again?</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="pnlArticleContent" class="t-html"> <div id="pnlArticleContentLoaded"> </div> </div> </article> </section> </div> <div class="layout__panel layout__panel--secondary layout__panel--40 layout__panel--filled"> <section class="layout__content"> <input id="contentType" name="contentType" type="hidden" value="" /> <div class="tab-control"> <div class="tab__nav" role="tablist" aria-label="Article"> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlAbstract" class="tab__btn selected" role="tab" id="btnAbstract" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="pnlAbstract">About</a> </div> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlCitation" class="tab__btn" role="tab" id="btnCitation" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlCitation">Cited by</a> </div> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlRelatedContent" class="tab__btn" role="tab" id="btnRelatedContent" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlRelatedContent">Related</a> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel open" role="tabpanel" id="pnlAbstract" aria-hidden="false" aria-labelledby="btnAbstract" data-loaded="true"> <div class="fixpadv--m"> <div id="divAbout"> <div id="DownloadOption" class="autopad--h fixpadv--l" style="min-height: 150px;"> <div class="text--centered"> <a href="#" class="btn btn--cta btn--disabled btn--block btn--stack btn-icon btn-icon--loading"> Download options <span class="btn-info">Please wait...</span> </a> </div> </div> <h2 class="autopad--h h--heading3">Supplementary files</h2> <div class="list-control"> <ul class="list__collection"> <li class="list__item--dashed"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/d2/tc/d2tc04869h/d2tc04869h1.pdf" class="list__item-link" target="_blank"> <span class="list__item-label"> Supplementary information <span class="list__item-additional"> PDF (1397K)</span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="list__item--dashed"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/d2/tc/d2tc04869h/d2tc04869h2.mp4" class="list__item-link" target="_blank"> <span class="list__item-label"> Supplementary movie <span class="list__item-additional"> MP4 (46701K)</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="autopad--h"> <h2 class="h--heading3">Article information</h2> <dl class="definition-list"> <div class="c doi-link"> <dt class="sr-only">DOI</dt> <dd class="c__24"><a class="text--small" title="Link to landing page via DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC04869H">https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC04869H</a></dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l line-separator"> <dt class="c__10"><strong>Article type</strong></dt> <dd class="c__14">Paper</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <dt class="c__10">Submitted</dt> <dd class="c__14">16 Nov 2022</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <dt class="c__10">Accepted</dt> <dd class="c__14">16 Jan 2023</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <dt class="c__10">First published</dt> <dd class="c__14">16 Jan 2023</dd> </div> </dl> <div class="c fixpadt--l line-separator"> <div class="c__10"> <h3 class="definition-label"> <label for="ResultAbstractFormat"><span class="sr-only">Download</span> Citation</label> </h3> </div> <div class="c__14"> <i><strong>J. Mater. Chem. C</strong></i>, 2023,<span style='padding-right:2px'></span><strong>11</strong>, 2177-2185 <br> <form action="/en/content/getformatedresult/d2tc04869h?downloadtype=article" method="post"> <div class="select-basic"> <span> <select class="select-field" id="ResultAbstractFormat" name="ResultAbstractFormat"><option>BibTex</option> <option>EndNote</option> <option>MEDLINE</option> <option>ProCite</option> <option>ReferenceManager</option> <option>RefWorks</option> <option>RIS</option> </select> </span> <span> <input type="submit" name="go" id="Submit1" value="Go" class="btn btn--tiny" /> </span> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="alp-request-permissions" style="display: block;"> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <div class="c__10"><h3 class="definition-label">Permissions</h3></div> <div class="c__14"> <a class="alp-request-permissions__open-btn" id="requestPermission" role="button" rel="license" href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Request permissions: Click to open."> Request permissions </a> </div> </div> <div class="alp-request-permissions__content scrollbar--slim"> <a href="#" class="alp-request-permissions__close-btn btn__enter-popup" aria-label="You are in the 'Request permissions' pop up window. Click enter to close, or tab to continue."> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/cross.png" class="icon" width="24" alt=""> </a> <h3 class="h--heading3"> Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist </h3> <p> G. T. Carroll, K. M. Lee, M. E. McConney and H. J. Hall, <i>J. Mater. Chem. C</i>, 2023, <strong>11</strong>, 2177 <strong>DOI: </strong> 10.1039/D2TC04869H </p> <p> To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the <a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/10.1039%2fD2TC04869H">Copyright Clearance Center request page</a>. </p> <p> If you are <b>an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission</b> provided correct acknowledgement is given. </p> <p> If you are <b>the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams</b> provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the <a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/10.1039%2fD2TC04869H">Copyright Clearance Center request page</a>. </p> <p> Read more about <a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/journal-authors-reviewers/licences-copyright-permissions/#acknowledgements">how to correctly acknowledge RSC content</a>. </p> <a href="#" class="alp-request-permissions__close-btn btn__exit-popup" aria-label="You are at the end of the 'Request permissions' pop up window. Click enter to close, or tab to continue."><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/cross.png" class="icon" width="24" alt=""></a> </div> </div> <script> function downloadJSAtOnload() { var element = document.createElement("script"); element.src = "https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/altmetric_badges-8f271adb184c21cc5169a7f67f7fe5ab.js"; element.id = "altmetric-embed-js"; document.body.appendChild(element); } if (window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener("load", downloadJSAtOnload, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent("onload", downloadJSAtOnload); } else { window.onload = downloadJSAtOnload; } </script> <div class="c fixpadv--l"> <div class="c__10"><h3 class="definition-label">Social activity</h3></div> <div class="c__14"><div data-badge-type="2" data-doi="10.1039/D2TC04869H" data-condensed="true" class="altmetric-embed"></div></div> </div> <div class="c c--gap-xs fixpadb--xl"> <div class="c__12 c--fixed"> <a class="btn btn--small btn--block btn--social btn--twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=Optical+control+of+alignment+and+patterning+in+an+azobenzene+liquid+crystal+photoresist+-+now+published+in+Journal+of+Materials+Chemistry+C&url=https%3a%2f%2fpubs.rsc.org%2fen%2fcontent%2farticlelanding%2f2023%2ftc%2fd2tc04869h" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/twitter.svg" alt="" /> <span class="ver-m">Tweet</span> </a> </div> <div class="c__12 c--fixed"> <a class="btn btn--small btn--block btn--social btn--wechat" href="/en/Image/GetQrCode?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.rsc.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Farticlelanding%2F2023%2Ftc%2Fd2tc04869h" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/wechat.svg" alt="" /> <span class="ver-m">Share</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <form action="/en/results/searchbyauthor" aria-label="Author" id="SearchByAuthor" method="post" role="search"> <div class="autopad"> <h2 class="h--heading3">Search articles by author</h2> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="1" data-givenname="Gregory T." data-familyname="Carroll"> <label for="1" class="input__label">Gregory T. Carroll</label> </div> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="2" data-givenname="Kyung Min" data-familyname="Lee"> <label for="2" class="input__label">Kyung Min Lee</label> </div> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="3" data-givenname="Michael E." data-familyname="McConney"> <label for="3" class="input__label">Michael E. McConney</label> </div> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="4" data-givenname="Harris J." data-familyname="Hall"> <label for="4" class="input__label">Harris J. Hall</label> </div> </div> <input type="submit" name="go" id="Search" value="Go" title="Go" class="btn btn--tiny"> <input id="DOI" name="DOI" type="hidden" value="D2TC04869H" /> <input id="selectedAuthors" name="selectedAuthors" type="hidden" value="" /> </div> </form> <input id="authors" name="authors" type="hidden" value="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" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel" role="tabpanel" id="pnlCitation" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="btnCitation" data-loaded="false"> <div class="autopad--h fixpadv--m"> <div id="divCitation"> <p> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" style="float:left" /> Fetching data from CrossRef.<br /> This may take some time to load. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel" role="tabpanel" id="pnlRelatedContent" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="btnRelatedContent" data-loaded="false"> <div class="autopad--h fixpadv--m"> <div id="divRelatedContent"> <p> <span class="sr-only">Loading related content</span> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" /> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout__content layout__content--padded text--centered"> <h3 class="h--heading4">Spotlight</h3> <div id='div-dfp-ad-1' class="dfp-ad__slot--mpu"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-dfp-ad-1'); });</script> </div> <h3 class="h--heading4">Advertisements</h3> <div id='div-dfp-ad-2' class="dfp-ad__slot--mpu"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-dfp-ad-2'); });</script> </div> <div id='div-dfp-ad-3' class="dfp-ad__slot--mpu"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-dfp-ad-3'); });</script> </div> </section> <section id="pbgrd-mpur-c" class="layout__content layout__content--padded text--centered"></section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div data-id="pnlGlobalFooter"> <div class="rsc-ui">  <footer class="rsc-footer"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <div class="viewport"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ul> <li class="extra"><a href="https://www.rsc.org">rsc.org</a></li> <li> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/chevron-right.png" width="8" height="8" alt="" /> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/" class="selected">Journals, books & databases</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class='nav' id='pnlSiteMap'> <div class='viewport'> <div class='rsc-logo'> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/rsc-logo-rev-pubs.svg" alt="Royal Society of Chemistry homepage"> </div> <div class='links'> <ul> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/'>Home</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/about-us/'>About us</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/membership-and-community/'>Membership & professional community</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/campaigning-outreach/'>Campaigning & outreach</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/'>Journals, books & databases</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/teaching-and-learning/'>Teaching & learning</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/news-events/'>News & events</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/locations-contacts/'>Locations & contacts</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/careers/'>Careers</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/awards-funding/'>Awards & funding</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/advertise/'>Advertise</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/'>Help & legal</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/legal/privacy/'>Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/legal/terms-conditions/'>Terms & conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr class='clear'> </div> </div> <div class='baseline'> <div class='viewport'> <div class='social-icons'> <a href='https://www.facebook.com/RoyalSocietyofChemistry' class='facebook'><span class='sr-only'>Facebook</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/facebook-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> <a href='https://twitter.com/RoySocChem' class='twitter'><span class='sr-only'>Twitter</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/twitter-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> <a href='https://www.linkedin.com/company/23105' class='linkedin'><span class='sr-only'>LinkedIn</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/linkedin-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> <a href='https://www.youtube.com/user/wwwRSCorg' id='lastLinkOnPage' class='youtube'><span class='sr-only'>YouTube</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/youtube-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> </div> <div class='copyright'> © Royal Society of Chemistry 2024<br>Registered charity number: 207890 </div> </div> </div> <hr class='clear'> </footer>  <div class="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer"> <div id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-non-br">This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. <span id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-global"> See how this site uses <a href="/en/content/cookies" title="See how this site uses cookies" aria-label="See how this site uses cookies">Cookies</a>. </span> <span id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-ca" style="display: none;"> <a href="/en/content/cookies" title="Do not sell my personal data" aria-label="Do not sell my personal data">Do not sell my personal data</a>. </span> </div> <div id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-br" style="display: none;"> Este site coleta cookies para oferecer uma melhor experiência ao usuário. <span> Veja como este site usa <a href="/en/content/cookies" title="Veja como este site usa cookies" aria-label="Veja como este site usa cookies">Cookies</a>. </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal__canvas modal__canvas--clickclose"> </div> <div class="pubs-nav-drawer" aria-hidden="true"> <nav class="pubs-nav-control" aria-label="Site menu"> <div class="pubs-nav__header"> <a href="#" role="button" class="pubs-header__btn pubs-nav__close nav-item-first" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Close site menu"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/cross-light.png" width="24" alt=""></a> <a href="/" class="pubs-header__link--home pubs-nav__title" tabindex="-1" title="Publishing home page" aria-label="Publishing home page">Publishing</a> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__body scrollbar--slim"> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">Journals</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/journals?key=title&value=current" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Current Journals</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/journals?key=title&value=archive" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Archive Journals</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/journals?key=title&value=all" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">All Journals</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">Books</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://books.rsc.org/books/search-results?fl_SiteID=5&page=1&f_ContentType=Book&sort=Date+-+Newest+First" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Browse Books</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://books.rsc.org/books/collections/series" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Series</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/book-authors/propose-book-idea/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">For Authors and Editors</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/book-authors/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">About</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">Databases</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/databases-literature-updates/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Literature Updates</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.chemspider.com/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">ChemSpider</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/merck-index" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">The Merck Index*</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://marinlit.rsc.org/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">MarinLit</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">More</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/resources-tools/research-tools/#access" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">For Members</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/librarian/home" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">For Librarians</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/journal-email-alerts-service/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Subscribe</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/ealerts/rssfeed" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">RSS Feeds</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="http://blogs.rsc.org/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Chemistry World</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://edu.rsc.org/eic" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Education in Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/open-access/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Open Access</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.rsc.org/historical-collection" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Historical Collection</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <script> var eCommerceGetOrderItemCountUrl = 'https://www.rsc.org/basket/shoppingcart/getorderitemcount'; var hideNotificationMessageUrl = '/en/home/HideNotificationMessage'; var brandingBarUrl = '/en/home/branding_New'; </script> <script src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/Scripts/dist/vendor.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/Scripts/dist/pubs-ui.min.js"></script> <script> var Model = { IsEnableRelatedContentTab: true, DownloadOptionAsync: '/en/content/checkaccess?msid=d2tc04869h&type=article&pubyear=2023&sercode=tc&publicationdate=2023-01-16&pubstatus=prt&doi=10.1039%2Fd2tc04869h&ispdfexist=True&title=optical%20control%20of%20alignment%20and%20patterning%20in%20an%20azobenzene%20liquid%20crystal%20photoresist&fulltext=xml&checkFullText=True&totalPages=9', ArticleTitleFull: 'optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist - d2tc04869h - sercode=tc' }; var ALPTabs = { "Abstract": { hash: "divAbstract", link: "#btnAbstract", panel: "#pnlAbstract", content: "#divAbout", remoteUrl: "", }, "Citation": { hash: "divCitation", link: "#btnCitation", panel: "#pnlCitation", content: "#divCitation", remoteUrl: '/en/content/forwardlinks?doi=10.1039%2Fd2tc04869h', }, "RelatedContent": { hash: "divRelatedContent", link: "#btnRelatedContent", panel: "#pnlRelatedContent", content: "#divRelatedContent", remoteUrl: '/en/content/relatedarticleschapters/d2tc04869h?title=optical%20control%20of%20alignment%20and%20patterning%20in%20an%20azobenzene%20liquid%20crystal%20photoresist&journalname=Journal%20of%20Materials%20Chemistry%20C&doctype=Paper&journalthemesCount=1&authorscount=4', subTabs: { "articles": { radio: "articles", links: "#RelatedArticle", content: "#RelatedArticles", hasContent: "hasRelatedArticles" }, "chapters": { radio: "chapters", links: "#RelatedBookChapter", content: "#RelatedBookChapters", hasContent: "hasRelatedBookChapters", }, "themes": { radio: "themes", links: "", content: "#themeIssueNWebcollection", hasContent: "hasRelatedThemes" } } } }; var CheckArticleHtmlButton = function CheckArticleHtmlButton() { var ahtmlBtn = $("a[href*='/content/articlehtml']"), ahtmlBtnText = $.trim(ahtmlBtn.text()), ahtmlBtnHref; if (ahtmlBtnText === "Article HTML") { ahtmlBtnHref = ahtmlBtn.attr("href"); $("#pnlArticleAccess").show(); BindRetryButton(ahtmlBtnHref); LoadArticleHtml(ahtmlBtnHref); } }; var LoadArticleHtml = function LoadArticleHtml(ahtmlUrl) { $.ajax({ url: ahtmlUrl, data: { t2: "y" }, success: function (data) { $("#pnlArticleAccess").remove(); $("#pnlArticleContentLoaded").html(data); LazyLoadImages(); StyleHeadings(); StyleTables(); }, error: function () { $("#thtmlLoadingMessage").hide(); $("#thtmlErrorMessage").show(); }, dataType: "html" }); }; var BindRetryButton = function BindRetryButton(ahtmlUrl) { $("#btnTryAgain").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); $("#thtmlLoadingMessage").show(); $("#thtmlErrorMessage").hide(); LoadArticleHtml(ahtmlUrl); }); }; var OpenPopupWindow = function OpenPopupWindow(url, width, height) { var left = (screen.width / 2) - (width / 2), top = (screen.height / 2) - (height / 2); window.open( url, "", "menubar=no,toolbar=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,width=" + width + ",height=" + height + ",top=" + top + ",left=" + left ); } var LazyLoadImages = function LazyLoadImages() { $("img[data-original]").lazyload({ effect: "fadeIn", threshold: 200 }); }; var StyleHeadings = function StyleHeadings() { $(".t-html h5.h--heading5").each(function (idx, el) { if ($(this).next().is("h6")) { $(this).css("display", "block").next().css("margin-top", "0"); } }); }; var StyleTables = function StyleTables() { $(".t-html table.table").each(function (idx, el) { var tw = $(this).width(); $(this).parent().css("min-width", tw * 0.8 + "px"); }); }; var ShowALPTab = function ShowALPTab(tabName) { if (ALPTabs.hasOwnProperty(tabName)) { var tab = ALPTabs[tabName], tabPanel = $(tab.panel), tabContent = $(tab.content); // Requires jQuery Address Plugin v1.5 (scripts/jquery.address-1.5.min.js) $.address.value(tab.hash); // If tab was not yet shown if (tabPanel.attr("data-loaded") === "false") { if (tab.remoteUrl) { pubsui.$handler.announcer.update(tabContent.text()); tabContent.load(tab.remoteUrl); } tabPanel.attr("data-loaded", "true"); } } }; $(document).ready(function () { var currentHash = window.location.hash, tabProps, subTabProps, $contentType = $("#contentType"); // Requires jQuery Address Plugin v1.5 (scripts/jquery.address-1.5.min.js) $.address.crawlable(true); $.address.strict(false); $(".btn-icon--loading").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); }); $("#DownloadOption").load(Model.DownloadOptionAsync, CheckArticleHtmlButton); // Bind all tabs $(".tab__btn").on("click", function () { ShowALPTab($(this).attr("id").substring(3)); }); // Bind social sharing buttons $(".btn--social").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); OpenPopupWindow($(this).attr("href"), 800, 600); }); // Override the initial tab selection if the URL hash matches an available tab for (tab in ALPTabs) { tabProps = ALPTabs[tab]; if (currentHash.indexOf(tabProps.hash) !== -1 && $(tabProps.link).length) { $(tabProps.link).trigger("click"); } } if (Model.IsEnableRelatedContentTab) { for (subTab in ALPTabs.RelatedContent.subTabs) { subTabProps = ALPTabs.RelatedContent.subTabs[subTab]; if (currentHash.indexOf(subTabProps.radio) !== -1) { $contentType.val(subTabProps.radio); } } } // Crossmark 'Check for updates' button if (!$("html").hasClass("ie8") && $(".crossmark-button").length) { $.ajax({ url: "https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/widget.js", dataType: "script", cache: true }).done(function() { $(".crossmark-button").addClass("visible"); }); } // Search articles by author form $("#Search").click(function () { var authorList = ''; var checkboxeschecked = ''; $('input[type=checkbox][data-givenname][data-familyname]').each(function () { if (this.checked) { checkboxeschecked = 'true'; authorList = $(this).data("givenname") + ":" + $(this).data("familyname") + "|" + authorList; } }); authorList = authorList.slice(0, authorList.length - 1); $("#selectedAuthors").attr("value", authorList); if (checkboxeschecked != 'true') { alert('Please select at least one author'); return false; } }); }); </script> <script src="https://cdn.pbgrd.com/core-rsc.js" async></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist - Journal of Materials Chemistry C (RSC Publishing)