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rel="canonical" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquina"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ca"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Canal de sindicació Atom Viquipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Canvis_recents&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Puquina rootpage-Puquina skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Puquina" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Puquina" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Puquina" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Puquina" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classificació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contacte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contacte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contacte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contacte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Puquina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 22 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_puquina" title="Idioma puquina - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma puquina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquina_aru" title="Puquina aru - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Puquina aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquinaeg" title="Puquinaeg - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Puquinaeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquina" title="Puquina - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Puquina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquina" title="Puquina - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Puquina" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquina_language" title="Puquina language - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Puquina language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pukvina_lingvo" title="Pukvina lingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pukvina lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_puquina" title="Idioma puquina - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma puquina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_puquina" title="Lingua puquina - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua puquina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquina_jezik" title="Puquina jezik - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Puquina jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_puquina" title="Lingua puquina - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua puquina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%B8%ED%82%A4%EB%82%98%EC%96%B4" title="푸키나어 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="푸키나어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquina_(taal)" title="Puquina (taal) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Puquina (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_pukina" title="Język pukina - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język pukina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_puquina" title="Lenga puquina - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga puquina" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_puquina" title="Língua puquina - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua puquina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pukina_simi" title="Pukina simi - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pukina simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Пукина (язык) - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пукина (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puquina" title="Puquina - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Puquina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pukina_dili" title="Pukina dili - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pukina dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Пукіна - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пукіна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%A5%87%E9%82%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="普奇那語 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="普奇那語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1207739#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Puquina" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Puquina" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Puquina"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Puquina"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Puquina" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Puquina" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&oldid=33065326" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Puquina&id=33065326&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPuquina"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPuquina"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Puquina"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Puquina&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de llengua"><img alt="Infotaula de llengua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/30px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>Puquina</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_morta" title="Llengua morta">llengua morta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llengua_no_classificada" title="Llengua no classificada">llengua no classificada</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38058796" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q38058796">llengua extinta</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207739?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="font-size:90%;"></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Classificació lingüística</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20162172" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20162172">llengua humana</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q645304" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q645304">llengua indígena</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amer%C3%ADndies" title="Llengües ameríndies">llengües ameríndies</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q54801970" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q54801970">llengües indígenes d'Amèrica del Sud</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207739?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Característiques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Escriptura" title="Escriptura">Sistema d'escriptura</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_llat%C3%AD" title="Alfabet llatí">alfabet llatí</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207739?uselang=ca#P282" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Codis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-3</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=puq">puq</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207739?uselang=ca#P220" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/puqu1242">puqu1242</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207739?uselang=ca#P1394" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">puq <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207739?uselang=ca#P305" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Pukina_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Pukina_Map.png/220px-Pukina_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Pukina_Map.png/330px-Pukina_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Pukina_Map.png/440px-Pukina_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>Distribució del pukina al 1600 CE. </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Puquina</b> o <b>Pukina</b> és el nom d'una petita i hipotètica <a href="/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Família lingüística">família lingüística</a>, o bé d'una <a href="/wiki/Llengua_a%C3%AFllada" title="Llengua aïllada">llengua aïllada</a>. Segons la hipòtesi de la família, els membres són el puquina i el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kallawaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kallawaya (encara no existeix)">kallawaya</a>. Podrien ser relacionades amb les llengües qhapaq simi i <a href="/wiki/Leco" title="Leco">leco</a>. </p><p>Totes són llengües parlades per grups indígenes a la regió del llac Titicaca, a Perú i Bolívia. </p><p>El puquina sovint se suposa la llengua de l'antiga cultura <a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku" title="Tiwanaku">Tiwanaku</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Es poden trobar restes del puquina ancestral a les llengües quechuanes i l'espanyol del sud del Perú, així com a <a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvia" title="Bolívia">Bolívia</a>. </p><p>Algunes teories afirmen que el qhapaq simi (llengua críptica de la noblesa <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Inca" title="Imperi Inca">inca</a>), estava estretament relacionat amb el puquina.<sup id="cite_ref-Advances_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Advances-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>També s'argumenta que la llengua puquina influenciava el <a href="/wiki/Mapudungun" title="Mapudungun">mapudungun</a> del sud de Xile molt abans que ho fes l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Inca" title="Imperi Inca">Imperi Inca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moulianetal2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moulianetal2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquesta influència areal podria haver començat amb una migració causada per la fi de l'<a href="/wiki/Cultura_tiahuanaco" title="Cultura tiahuanaco">imperi Tiwanaku</a> cap a l'any 1000 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificació"><span id="Classificaci.C3.B3"></span>Classificació</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Classificació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No s'ha demostrat cap relació amb altres llengües de la regió andina. S'ha suggerit una relació amb les llengües <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak" title="Llengües arawak">arawakanes</a>, basada tradicionalment en el paradigma possessiu. Fa alguns anys, s'han trobat possibles cognats lèxics entre aquestes dues famílies. Per això, de vegades el puquina s'inclou al grup <a href="/wiki/Macroarawak" title="Macroarawak">macro-arawak</a>. Tanmateix, la hipòtesi encara manca d'evidència científica. </p><p>Si realment existeix una relació genètica entre les llengües <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak" title="Llengües arawak">arawak</a> i puquina, la separació d'aquestes s'hauria d'haver produït en un passat llunyà. </p><p>Jolkesky (2016) classifica Puquina com a llengua <a href="/wiki/Macroarawak" title="Macroarawak">macroarawak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contacte">Contacte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Contacte"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A causa del contacte, Jolkesky (2016) afirma que el puquina mostra similituds lèxiques amb les famílies <a href="/wiki/Aimara" title="Aimara">aimara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idiomes_kawapana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idiomes kawapana (encara no existeix)">kawapana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua" title="Quítxua">quechua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_pano" title="Llengües pano">pano</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idiomes_Uru-Chipaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idiomes Uru-Chipaya (encara no existeix)">uru-chipaya.</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jolkesky-2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolkesky-2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puquina&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Advances-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Advances_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Willem Adelaar</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726035652/http://52ica.etnolinguistica.org/adelaar">The Puquina and Leko languages</a>». <i>Symposium: Advances in Native South American Historical Linguistics, July 17-18, 2006, at the 52nd <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Congress_of_Americanists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Congress of Americanists (encara no existeix)">International Congress of Americanists</a>, Seville, Spain</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://52ica.etnolinguistica.org/adelaar">original</a> el 2011-07-26. [Consulta: 19 setembre 2007].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moulianetal2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Moulianetal2015_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMoulianCatrileoLandeo2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Moulian</span>, Rodrígo; <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Catrileo" class="mw-redirect" title="María Catrileo"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Catrileo</span>, María</a>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Landeo</span>, Pablo (en castellà) <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revista_de_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_te%C3%B3rica_y_aplicada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revista de lingüística teórica y aplicada (encara no existeix)">Revista de lingüística teórica y aplicada</a></i>, 53, 2, 2015. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4067%2FS0718-48832015000200004">10.4067/S0718-48832015000200004</a> [Consulta: 13 gener 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Dillehay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Dillehay (encara no existeix)">Dillehay, Tom D.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Pino_Quivira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Pino Quivira (encara no existeix)">Pino Quivira, Mario</a>; Bonzani, Renée; Silva, Claudia; Wallner, Johannes; Le Quesne, Carlos (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dendrocronologia.cl/pubs/2007_Dillehay(AncientCultivatedWetlands).pdf">Cultivated wetlands and emerging complexity in south-central Chile and long distance effects of climate change</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiquity_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiquity (journal) (encara no existeix)">Antiquity</a></i> 81 (2007): 949–960</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/21671">Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122152416/https://www.repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/21671">Arxivat</a> 2022-01-22 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>. Doutorado em Linguística. Universidade de Brasília.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jolkesky-2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jolkesky-2016_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF2016"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etnolinguistica.org/tese:jolkesky-2016-arqueoecolinguistica"><i></i></a> (Tesi), 2016.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etnolinguistica.org%2Ftese%3Ajolkesky-2016-arqueoecolinguistica"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Llengües_ameríndies_de_Sud-amèrica_(basat_en_la_classificació_de_Campbell_2012)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Sud-am%C3%A8rica" title="Plantilla:Llengües de Sud-amèrica"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Llengües_ameríndies_de_Sud-amèrica_(basat_en_la_classificació_de_Campbell_2012)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amer%C3%ADndies" title="Llengües ameríndies">Llengües ameríndies</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sud-am%C3%A8rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Sud-amèrica">Sud-amèrica</a> <br /><small>(basat en la classificació de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Classificaci%C3%B3_de_les_lleng%C3%BCes_ind%C3%ADgenes_d%27Am%C3%A8rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classificació de les llengües indígenes d'Amèrica (encara no existeix)">Campbell 2012</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Famílies lingüístiques <br />i aïllades</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak" title="Llengües arawak">Arawak</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AA-tup%C3%AD-carib" title="Gê-tupí-carib">Gê-tupí-carib</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_carib" title="Llengües carib">Carib</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tup%C3%AD" title="Llengües tupí">Tupí</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Macro-Gê" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_macro-g%C3%AA" title="Llengües macro-gê">Macro-Gê</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_g%C3%AA" title="Llengües gê">Gê</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_jabutianes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües jabutianes (encara no existeix)">Jabutianes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_kamak%C3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües kamakã (encara no existeix)">Kamakã</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_karaj%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües karajá (encara no existeix)">Karajá</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_krenakanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües krenakanes (encara no existeix)">Krenakanrd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_maxakalianes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües maxakalianes (encara no existeix)">Maxakalianes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaik%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaikó (encara no existeix)">Jaikó</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ofay%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ofayé (encara no existeix)">Ofayé</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rikbakts%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rikbaktsá (encara no existeix)">Rikbaktsá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano" title="Chiquitano">Chiquitano</a></i></li> <li>? <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guat%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guató (encara no existeix)">Guató</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brasil Oriental</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_karir%C3%AD" title="Llengües karirí">Karirí</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_pur%C3%ADanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües puríanes (encara no existeix)">Puríanes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taruma" title="Taruma">Taruma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gamela" title="Gamela">Gamela</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baenan (encara no existeix)">Baenan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katembri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katembri (encara no existeix)">Katembri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nat%C3%BA" title="Natú">Natú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pankarar%C3%BA" title="Pankararú">Pankararú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarairi%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarairiú (encara no existeix)">Tarairiú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tux%C3%A1" title="Tuxá">Tuxá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wamo%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wamoé (encara no existeix)">Wamoé</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xok%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xokó (encara no existeix)">Xokó</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_xukuruanes" title="Llengües xukuruanes">Xukurú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yat%C3%A9" title="Yaté">Yaté</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ot%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otí (encara no existeix)">Otí</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80rees_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstiques_d%27Am%C3%A8rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Àrees lingüístiques d'Amèrica (encara no existeix)">Orinoco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Vene%C3%A7uela" title="Llengües de Veneçuela">Veneçuela</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ianomami" title="Llengües ianomami">Ianomami</a></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arutani-sap%C3%A9" title="Llengües arutani-sapé">Arutani–Sapé</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arutani" title="Arutani">Arutani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sap%C3%A9" title="Sapé">Sapé</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ku" class="mw-redirect" title="Máku">Máku</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warao" title="Warao">Warao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guamo" title="Guamo">Guamo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_otomacoanes" title="Llengües otomacoanes">Otomacoan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaruro" title="Yaruro">Yaruro</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="?_Duho" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">? <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_duho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües duho (encara no existeix)">Duho</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_salibanes" title="Llengües salibanes">Sáliban</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Betoi" title="Betoi">Betoi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoti" title="Hoti">Hoti</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ticuna-yuri" title="Llengües ticuna-yuri">Ticuna–Yuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andes (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Col%C3%B2mbia" title="Llengües de Colòmbia">Colòmbia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Vene%C3%A7uela" title="Llengües de Veneçuela">Veneçuela</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cof%C3%A1n" title="Cofán">Cofán</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Llengua_cams%C3%A0" title="Llengua camsà">Camsá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andaqu%C3%AD" title="Andaquí">Andaquí</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ez" title="Páez">Páez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tiniguanes" title="Llengües tiniguanes">Tiniguanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_timote-cuica" title="Llengües timote-cuica">Timoteanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_jirajaranes" title="Llengües jirajaranes">Jirajaran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amaz%C3%B2niques" title="Llengües amazòniques">Amazones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Col%C3%B2mbia" title="Llengües de Colòmbia">Colòmbia</a>, àrea <a href="/wiki/Riu_Japur%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Riu Japurá">Japurá</a>–<a href="/wiki/Riu_Vaup%C3%A9s" title="Riu Vaupés">Vaupés</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tucanes" title="Llengües tucanes">Tucano</a></b></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bora%E2%80%93witoto" title="Llengües bora–witoto">Bora–Witoto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bora" title="Llengües bora">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_witoto" title="Llengües witoto">Witoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_andoque-urequena" title="Llengües andoque-urequena">Andoque-Urequena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_guahibanes" title="Llengües guahibanes">Guahibanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_nadahup" title="Llengües nadahup">Nadahup</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Llengua_puinave" title="Llengua puinave">Puinave</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Costa del Pacífic (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Col%C3%B2mbia" title="Llengües de Colòmbia">Colòmbia</a> i Equador)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_txibtxa" title="Llengües txibtxa">Txibtxa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_choc%C3%B3" title="Llengües chocó">Chocó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_barbacoanes" title="Llengües barbacoanes">Barbacoanes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yurumangu%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yurumanguí (encara no existeix)">Yurumanguí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esmeralde%C3%B1o" title="Esmeraldeño">Esmeraldeño</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Costa del Pacífic (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Llengües del Perú">Perú</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tall%C3%A1n-sechura" title="Llengües tallán-sechura">Sechura–Catacao</a></li> <li>? <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_chimuanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües chimuanes (encara no existeix)">Chimuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ca%C3%B1ari%E2%80%93puruh%C3%A1" title="Llengües cañari–puruhá">Cañari–Puruhá</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Llengua_mochica" title="Llengua mochica">Mochica</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amaz%C3%B2niques" title="Llengües amazòniques">Amazones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Llengües del Perú">Perú</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_pano-tacanes" title="Llengües pano-tacanes">Pano–Tacana</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_hibito-chol%C3%B3n" title="Llengües hibito-cholón">Hibito–Cholon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_cahuapanes" title="Llengües cahuapanes">Cahuapana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_j%C3%ADvaro" title="Llengües jívaro">Jivaro</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Candoshi-Shapra" class="mw-redirect" title="Candoshi-Shapra">Candoshi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omurano" title="Omurano">Omurano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munichi" title="Munichi">Munichi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waorani" class="mw-redirect" title="Waorani">Waorani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taushiro" title="Taushiro">Taushiro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urarina" title="Urarina">Urarina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tequiraca" title="Tequiraca">Tequiraca</a></i></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_saparo-yawan" title="Llengües saparo-yawan">Saparo–Yawan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_peba%E2%80%93yaguan" title="Llengües peba–yaguan">Peba–Yagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_zaparoanes" title="Llengües zaparoanes">Zaparoanes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amaz%C3%B2niques" title="Llengües amazòniques">Amazones</a> (Brasil centre-oriental)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>? <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_har%C3%A1kmbut%E2%80%93catuquines" title="Llengües harákmbut–catuquines">Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawanes" title="Llengües arawanes">Arawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_har%C3%A1kmbut" title="Llengües harákmbut">Harákmbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_catuquines" title="Llengües catuquines">Katukinan</a></li></ul></li> <li>? Mura–Matanawí <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_muranes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües muranes (encara no existeix)">Muran</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matanaw%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matanawí (encara no existeix)">Matanawí</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truma%C3%AD" title="Trumaí">Trumaí</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80rea_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Àrea lingüística Mamoré–Guaporé (encara no existeix)">Mamoré–Guaporé</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_chapacura-wa%C3%B1am" title="Llengües chapacura-wañam">Chapacuran</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mure (encara no existeix)">Mure</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_nambikwares" title="Llengües nambikwares">Nambikwara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_bororoanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües bororoanes (encara no existeix)">Bororoan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cayuvava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cayuvava (encara no existeix)">Cayuvava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Itonama" title="Itonama">Itonama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Movima" title="Movima">Movima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canichana" title="Canichana">Canichana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_mosetenes" title="Llengües mosetenes">Moseten</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuracar%C3%A9" title="Yuracaré">Yuracaré</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leco" title="Leco">Leco</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aikan%C3%A3" title="Aikanã">Aikanã</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kano%C3%AA" title="Kanoê">Kanoê</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kwaz%C3%A1" title="Kwazá">Kwazá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irantxe" title="Irantxe">Irantxe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andes (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Llengües del Perú">Perú</a>, Bolívia, i Xile)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Culle" title="Culle">Culle</a></i></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Quechumara" title="Quechumara">Quechumara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua" title="Quítxua">Quítxua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_aimara" title="Llengües aimara">Aimara</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puquina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_uru-chipaya" title="Llengües uru-chipaya">Uru–Chipaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunza (encara no existeix)">Kunza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mapudungun" title="Mapudungun">Mapudungun</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80rea_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_del_Chaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Àrea lingüística del Chaco (encara no existeix)">Chaco</a>–Pampas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>? <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_mataco%E2%80%93guaicur%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües mataco–guaicurú (encara no existeix)">Mataco–Guaicuru</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_matacoanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües matacoanes (encara no existeix)">Matacoanes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_guaicuruanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües guaicuruanes (encara no existeix)">Guaicuruanes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guach%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guachí (encara no existeix)">Guachí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Payagu%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Payaguá (encara no existeix)">Payaguá</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_mascoyanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües mascoyanes (encara no existeix)">Mascoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zamucoanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües zamucoanes (encara no existeix)">Zamucoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_charruanes" title="Llengües charruanes">Charrua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_huarpes" title="Llengües huarpes">Huarpes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_lule%E2%80%93vilelanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües lule–vilelanes (encara no existeix)">Lule–Vilelan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_chon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües chon (encara no existeix)">Chon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extrem sud (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Xile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües de Xile (encara no existeix)">Xile</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_qawasqaranes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües qawasqaranes (encara no existeix)">Qawasqaran</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaghan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaghan (encara no existeix)">Yaghan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chono" class="mw-redirect" title="Chono">Chono</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Famílies proposades</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_duho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües duho (encara no existeix)">Duho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macroandines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macroandines (encara no existeix)">Macroandines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroarawak" title="Macroarawak">Macroarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrotxibtxa" title="Macrotxibtxa">Macrotxibtxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_macro-g%C3%AA" title="Llengües macro-gê">Macrogê</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macroj%C3%ADbaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macrojíbaro (encara no existeix)">Macrojíbaro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro-Otom%C3%A1koan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macro-Otomákoan (encara no existeix)">Macro-Otomákoan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro-Paesan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macro-Paesan (encara no existeix)">Macro-Paesan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro-Panoan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macro-Panoan (encara no existeix)">Macro-Panoan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro-Puinavean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macro-Puinavean (encara no existeix)">Macro-Puinavean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro-Warpean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macro-Warpean (encara no existeix)">Macro-Warpean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_arutani%E2%80%93sape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües arutani–sape (encara no existeix)">Arutani–Sape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bora%E2%80%93witoto" title="Llengües bora–witoto">Bora–Witoto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_esmeralda%E2%80%93yaruroanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües esmeralda–yaruroanes (encara no existeix)">Esmeralda–Yaruroan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_hibito%E2%80%93cholon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües hibito–cholon (encara no existeix)">Hibito–Cholon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_g%C3%AA%E2%80%93tup%C3%AD%E2%80%93carib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües gê–tupí–carib (encara no existeix)">Je–Tupi–Carib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_Katembri%E2%80%93Taruma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües Katembri–Taruma (encara no existeix)">Katembri–Taruma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_Mataco%E2%80%93Guaicuru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües Mataco–Guaicuru (encara no existeix)">Mataco–Guaicuru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_Maya%E2%80%93Yunga%E2%80%93Chipaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües Maya–Yunga–Chipaya (encara no existeix)">Maya–Yunga–Chipayan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_Moseten%E2%80%93Chonan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües Moseten–Chonan (encara no existeix)">Moseten–Chonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechumara" title="Quechumara">Quechumara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_saparo-yawan" title="Llengües saparo-yawan">Saparo–Yawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tequiraca%E2%80%93canichana" title="Llengües tequiraca–canichana">Tequiraca–Canichana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_wamo%E2%80%93chapakura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües wamo–chapakura (encara no existeix)">Wamo–Chapakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amer%C3%ADndies" title="Llengües ameríndies">Amerindies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80rees_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstiques_d%27Am%C3%A8rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Àrees lingüístiques d'Amèrica (encara no existeix)">Àrees lingüístiques</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80rea_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_del_Chaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Àrea lingüística del Chaco (encara no existeix)">Chaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80rea_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Àrea lingüística Mamoré–Guaporé (encara no existeix)">Mamoré–Guaporé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amaz%C3%B2niques" title="Llengües amazòniques">Amazones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Països</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_de_l%27Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües de l'Argentina (encara no existeix)">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Bol%C3%ADvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües de Bolívia (encara no existeix)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Brasil" title="Llengües del Brasil">Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Col%C3%B2mbia" title="Llengües de Colòmbia">Colòmbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_ind%C3%ADgenes_de_Xile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües indígenes de Xile (encara no existeix)">Xile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_l%27Equador" title="Llengües de l'Equador">Equador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Paraguai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües de Paraguai (encara no existeix)">Paraguai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Llengües del Perú">Perú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Vene%C3%A7uela" title="Llengües de Veneçuela">Veneçuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Guyana" title="Llengües de Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Surinam" title="Llengües de Surinam">Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_de_la_Guaiana_Francesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües de la Guaiana Francesa (encara no existeix)">Guaiana Francesa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Perú_Llengües_del_Perú_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Perú" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Plantilla:Llengües del Perú"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Perú_Llengües_del_Perú_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Perú" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perú"><img alt="Perú" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Llengües del Perú">Llengües del Perú</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perú"><img alt="Perú" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_peru%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà peruà (encara no existeix)">Varietats castellanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_amaz%C3%B2nic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà amazònic (encara no existeix)">Amazònic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_and%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà andí (encara no existeix)">Andí</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_costaner_peru%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà costaner peruà (encara no existeix)">Costaner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_equatorial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà equatorial (encara no existeix)">Equatorial</a> <small>(Tumbes)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loncco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loncco (encara no existeix)">Loncco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües<br />indígenes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak" title="Llengües arawak">Arawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_campa" title="Llengües campa">Campa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashaninca_(llengua)" title="Ashaninca (llengua)">Ashaninca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash%C3%A9ninka" title="Ashéninka">Ashéninka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axininca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axininca (encara no existeix)">Axininca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caquinte" title="Caquinte">Caquinte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiguenga" title="Machiguenga">Machiguenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanti" title="Nanti">Nanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomatsiguenga" title="Nomatsiguenga">Nomatsiguenga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_piro" title="Llengües piro">Piro</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1apari" title="Iñapari">Iñapari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashco_Piro" title="Mashco Piro">Mashco Piro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yine" title="Yine">Yine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak_de_l%27Alt_Amazones" title="Llengües arawak de l'Alt Amazones">Alt Amazones</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Res%C3%ADgaro" title="Resígaro">Resígaro</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occidental</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamicuro" title="Chamicuro">Chamicuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanesha%27" title="Yanesha'">Yanesha'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_aimara" title="Llengües aimara">Aimara</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimara" title="Aimara">Aimara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaqaru" title="Jaqaru">Jaqaru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bora%E2%80%93witoto" title="Llengües bora–witoto">Bora–Witoto</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bora_(llengua)" title="Bora (llengua)">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minica_huitoto" title="Minica huitoto">Minica huitoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murui_huitoto" title="Murui huitoto">Murui huitoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCpode_huitoto" title="Nüpode huitoto">Nüpode huitoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocaina" title="Ocaina">Ocaina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_cahuapanes" title="Llengües cahuapanes">Cahuapanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chayahuita" title="Chayahuita">Chayahuita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebero" title="Jebero">Jebero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_j%C3%ADvaro" title="Llengües jívaro">Jívaro</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguaruna" title="Aguaruna">Aguaruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huambisa" title="Huambisa">Huambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achuar" title="Achuar">Shiwiar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_pano" title="Llengües pano">Pano</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_amahuaca" title="Llengua amahuaca">Amawaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskonawa" title="Iskonawa">Iskonawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashibo" title="Kashibo">Kashibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashinawa" title="Kashinawa">Kashinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mats%C3%A9s" title="Matsés">Matsés</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisabo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisabo (encara no existeix)">Pisabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipibo" title="Shipibo">Shipibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawanawa" title="Yawanawa">Yaminawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua" title="Quítxua">Quítxua</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Cajamarca%E2%80%93Ca%C3%B1aris" title="Quítxua de Cajamarca–Cañaris">Cajamarca–Cañaris</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Cajamarca" title="Quítxua de Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Lambayeque" title="Quítxua de Lambayeque">Lambayeque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_d%27Ancash" title="Quítxua d'Ancash">Ancash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Hu%C3%A1nuco" title="Quítxua de Huánuco">Huánuco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Huallaga" title="Quítxua de Huallaga">Huallaga</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Pacaraos" title="Quítxua de Pacaraos">Pacaraos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_Wanka" title="Quítxua Wanka">Wanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_Yaru" title="Quítxua Yaru">Yaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_Yauyos%E2%80%93Chincha" title="Quítxua Yauyos–Chincha">Yauyos–Chincha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_les_terres_baixes_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Quítxua de les terres baixes del Perú">Terres Baixes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Chachapoyas" title="Quítxua de Chachapoyas">Chachapoyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_lamista" title="Quítxua lamista">Lamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichwa" title="Kichwa">Kichwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_meridional" title="Quítxua meridional">Meridional</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_d%27Ayacucho" title="Quítxua d'Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Cusco" title="Quítxua de Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Cusco%E2%80%93Collao" title="Quítxua de Cusco–Collao">Cusco–Collao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Puno" title="Quítxua de Puno">Puno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tucanes" title="Llengües tucanes">Tucanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orej%C3%B3n" title="Orejón">Orejón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secoya" title="Secoya">Secoya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tup%C3%AD" title="Llengües tupí">Tupí</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocama" title="Cocama">Cocama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omagua" title="Omagua">Omagua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_zaparoanes" title="Llengües zaparoanes">Zaparoanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabela" title="Arabela">Arabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuarano" title="Cahuarano">Cahuarano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iquito" title="Iquito">Iquito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aïllades i altres</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candoshi-Shapra" class="mw-redirect" title="Candoshi-Shapra">Candoshi-Shapra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culle" title="Culle">Culle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ese_ejja" title="Ese ejja">Ese ejja</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tacanes" title="Llengües tacanes">família tacana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_amarakaeri" title="Llengua amarakaeri">Harákmbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culina" title="Culina">Culina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawanes" title="Llengües arawanes">família arawana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynas" title="Maynas">Maynas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_mochica" title="Llengua mochica">Mochica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichi" title="Munichi">Munichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omurano" title="Omurano">Omurano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taushiro" title="Taushiro">Taushiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticuna" title="Ticuna">Ticuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urarina" title="Urarina">Urarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagua" title="Yagua">Yagua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües de signes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_peruana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes peruana (encara no existeix)">Llengua de signes peruana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_Inmaculada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes Inmaculada (encara no existeix)">Llengua de signes Inmaculada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_de_signes_Sivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengua de signes Sivia (encara no existeix)">Llengua de signes Sivia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Bolívia_Llengües_de_Bolívia_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Bolívia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Bol%C3%ADvia" title="Plantilla:Llengües de Bolívia"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Bolívia_Llengües_de_Bolívia_border&#124;enllaç=&#124;23x20px&#124;Bolívia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bolívia"><img alt="Bolívia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Bol%C3%ADvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llengües de Bolívia (encara no existeix)">Llengües de Bolívia</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bolívia"><img alt="Bolívia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bolivia_%28state%2C_3-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengua nacional</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castell%C3%A0_bolivi%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellà bolivià (encara no existeix)">Castellà</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües<br />indígenes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak" title="Llengües arawak">Arawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baure" title="Baure">Baure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moje%C3%B1o-ignaciano" title="Mojeño-ignaciano">Ignaciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1apari" title="Iñapari">Iñapari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxo" title="Moxo">Moxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauna" title="Pauna">Pauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moje%C3%B1o-trinitario" title="Mojeño-trinitario">Trinitario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yine" title="Yine">Yine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_pano-tacanes" title="Llengües pano-tacanes">Pano–Tacana</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araona" title="Araona">Araona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavine%C3%B1o" title="Cavineño">Cavineño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakobo_(llengua)" title="Chakobo (llengua)">Chakobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ese_ejja" title="Ese ejja">Ese ejja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maropa" title="Maropa">Reyesano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacana" title="Tacana">Tacana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toromona" title="Toromona">Toromona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawanawa" title="Yawanawa">Yaminawa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiriba" title="Chiriba">Chiriba</a></i> (†)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua" title="Quítxua">Quítxua</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_de_Cusco%E2%80%93Collao" title="Quítxua de Cusco–Collao">Quítxua de Cusco–Collao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_nordbolivi%C3%A0" title="Quítxua nordbolivià">Quítxua nordbolivià</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxua_sudbolivi%C3%A0" title="Quítxua sudbolivià">Quítxua sudbolivià</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tup%C3%AD" title="Llengües tupí">Tupí</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD" title="Guaraní">Guaraní</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_bolivi%C3%A0_oriental" title="Guaraní bolivià oriental">Bolivià oriental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guarayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guarayu (encara no existeix)">Guarayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirion%C3%B3" title="Sirionó">Sirionó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirion%C3%B3" title="Sirionó">Yuki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_mosetenes" title="Llengües mosetenes">Mosetenes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsiman%C3%A9" title="Tsimané">Tsimané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moset%C3%A9n" title="Mosetén">Mosetén</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_uru-chipaya" title="Llengües uru-chipaya">Uru-chipaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uru" title="Uru">Uru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipaya" title="Chipaya">Chipaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Altres</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimara" title="Aimara">Aimara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoreo" title="Ayoreo">Ayoreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano" title="Chiquitano">Chiquitano</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canichana" title="Canichana">Canichana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayubaba" title="Cayubaba">Cayubaba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itonama" title="Itonama">Itonama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leco" title="Leco">Leco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kallawaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kallawaya (encara no existeix)">Kallawaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A9" title="Moré">Moré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movima" title="Movima">Movima</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puquina</a></i></li> <li>Tonalla</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=War%C3%A1zu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warázu (encara no existeix)">Warázu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wich%C3%AD_Lhamt%C3%A9s_Nocten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wichí Lhamtés Nocten (encara no existeix)">Weenhayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuracar%C3%A9" title="Yuracaré">Yuracaré</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llengües de signes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> 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