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An Overview of Liquid Biopsy: Non-Invasive Approaches to Monitoring Tumour Condition

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>An Overview of Liquid Biopsy: Non-Invasive Approaches to Monitoring Tumour Condition</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://oxfordglobal.com/hubfs/OXFORD_GLOBAL-LOGO_SYMBOL.jpg"> <meta name="description" content="Liquid biopsy methods are increasingly being used to non-invasively monitor tumour state by assessing the condition of ctDNA and cfDNA."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta property="og:description" content="Liquid biopsy methods are increasingly being used to non-invasively monitor tumour state by assessing the condition of ctDNA and cfDNA."> <meta property="og:title" content="An Overview of Liquid Biopsy: Non-Invasive Approaches to Monitoring Tumour Condition"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Liquid biopsy methods are increasingly being used to non-invasively monitor tumour state by assessing the condition of ctDNA and cfDNA."> <meta name="twitter:title" content="An Overview of Liquid Biopsy: Non-Invasive Approaches to Monitoring Tumour Condition"> <style> a.cta_button{-moz-box-sizing:content-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box !important;box-sizing:content-box !important;vertical-align:middle}.hs-breadcrumb-menu{list-style-type:none;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px}.hs-breadcrumb-menu-item{float:left;padding:10px 0px 10px 10px}.hs-breadcrumb-menu-divider:before{content:'›';padding-left:10px}.hs-featured-image-link{border:0}.hs-featured-image{float:right;margin:0 0 20px 20px;max-width:50%}@media (max-width: 568px){.hs-featured-image{float:none;margin:0;width:100%;max-width:100%}}.hs-screen-reader-text{clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute !important;width:1px} </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://oxfordglobal.com/hs-fs/hub/8696823/hub_generated/template_assets/135726131582/1732113079147/git/og-stage/css/main.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.oxfordglobal.com/fontawesome/6.5.1/css/fontawesome.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.oxfordglobal.com/fontawesome/6.5.1/css/brands.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.oxfordglobal.com/fontawesome/6.5.1/css/solid.min.css"> <!-- Editor Styles --> <style id="hs_editor_style" type="text/css"> #hs_cos_wrapper_module_17019620504109 { display: block !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important } </style> <!-- Added by GoogleAnalytics4 integration --> <script> var _hsp = window._hsp = window._hsp || []; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} var useGoogleConsentModeV2 = true; var waitForUpdateMillis = 1000; if (!window._hsGoogleConsentRunOnce) { window._hsGoogleConsentRunOnce = true; gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': waitForUpdateMillis }); if (useGoogleConsentModeV2) { _hsp.push(['useGoogleConsentModeV2']) } else { _hsp.push(['addPrivacyConsentListener', function(consent){ var hasAnalyticsConsent = consent && (consent.allowed || (consent.categories && consent.categories.analytics)); var hasAdsConsent = consent && (consent.allowed || (consent.categories && consent.categories.advertisement)); gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_storage': hasAdsConsent ? 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Here, ctDNA from a malignant tumour circulates alongside healthy DNA in the bloodstream.&nbsp;</figcaption></figure> <!-- /wp:image --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>One of the chief advantages of liquid biopsies is their value as a non-invasive alternative to surgical biopsy – they have the potential of revealing the molecular signatures of tumours to aid in the individualisation of treatments.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Although most studies to date have been performed on patients with carcinomas and melanomas, CTCs have also been detected in the peripheral blood of patients with primary brain tumours despite the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Liquid biopsy assays are currently being validated for the early detection of cancer, with the aim of reducing cancer-related mortality.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>However, the use of liquid biopsy-based detection of the early stages of solid cancers remains a challenge.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>New blood-based biomarkers are currently being validated in clinical trials, including miRNAs, exosomes, and tumour-educated platelets.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2 id="h-technologies-for-the-detection-of-ctdna-and-cfdna"><strong>Technologies for the Detection of ctDNA and cfDNA&nbsp;</strong></h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Several different approaches exist for the detection of ctDNA and cfDNA in liquid biopsy analysis. Each has their own advantages and disadvantages which may lend themselves to a particular use case.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR)</strong></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The detection rate of ddPCR for genomic material can be as low as 0.01 to 0.1%, and the approach is useful for identifying potentially rare mutations, as well as calculating copy number variants. However, it can only be used to evaluate the presence of characterised sequences.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>Beads, Emulsion, Amplification, and Magnetics (BEAMing)</strong></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Similarly to ddPCR, BEAMing is a relatively sensitive and inexpensive method of screening for known mutations. It combines PCR with flow cytometry, and can detect alterations in genomic material at concentrations as low as 0.01%, with excellent concordance to tissue testing.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>Cancer Personalised Profiling by Deep Sequencing (CAPP-Seq)&nbsp;</strong></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>CAPP-Seq identifies alterations in ctDNA and cfDNA by utilising large genomic libraries and individual patient sample sequence signatures. It can identify major mutation types such as insertions and copy variants, but it cannot identify fusions.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>Tagged Amplicon Deep Sequencing (TAm-Seq)</strong></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>TAm-Seq allows for a very specific and sensitive analysis of approximately 97% and can detect DNA levels as low as 2% by using primers to tag and identify genomic sequences. It has a high sequencing flux, a reduced sequencing time and cost, and can simultaneously sequence millions of DNA molecules.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)</strong></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Whole exome sequencing provides characterisation and analysis of all present tumour mutations, meaning it can be used to identify potential oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. However, its sensitivity may be lower than other methods as it includes exomic alterations.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)&nbsp;</strong></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Whole genome sequencing evaluates the entire tumour genome to determine characterised and deleterious alterations, along with variants of unknown significance. It has great potential for a comprehensive evaluation of all tumour mutations, but is limited by quality assurance, ethical issues, time, and cost.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS-Seq)</strong></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>WGBS-Seq is the gold standard in DNA methylation analysis: it provides a single cytosine measurement and has a high degree of accuracy. While it can discover partially methylated domains in cancer cells, DNA must exist in varying degrees of degradation. As such, this method may have reduced sensitivity.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2><strong>How do Liquid Biopsies Supplement Diagnostic Approaches?</strong></h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Solid biopsies are still the gold standard for tumour diagnosis, but they only represent a static and spatially constrained representation of tumour condition from the time of surgery.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Liquid biopsy approaches offer a more holistic assessment of tumour condition and state, allowing for continuous monitoring of cancer state and spread.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --> <ul><!-- wp:list-item --> <li><a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/resources/dpcr-market-trends-and-predictions-for-future-development/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dPCR Market Trends and Predictions for Future Development</a></li> <!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --> <li><a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/resources/ddpcr-exploring-the-progress-of-pcr-technology-and-novel-applications/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Exploring the Progress of PCR Technology and Novel Applications</a></li> <!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --> <li><a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/resources/microfluidic-droplet-based-pcr-a-tool-to-solve-challenges-in-personalised-medicine-and-cancer-detection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Solving Challenges in Cancer Detection Using Droplet-Based PCR</a></li> <!-- /wp:list-item --></ul> <!-- /wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Liquid biopsies also avoid significant clinical risks such as wounding or infection that accompany solid tumour biopsies, which can be a particular concern for immunosuppressed patients.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>While liquid biopsy is unlikely to fully replace or directly compete with solid biopsy as a diagnostic approach in the near future, some predict that liquid biopsy will be fully integrated alongside solid biopsies in the clinic in the next five years.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><em>Get your weekly dose of industry news and announcements </em><a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/omics/news/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>here</em></a><em>, or head over to our </em><a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/omics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Omics portal</em></a><em> to catch up with the latest advances in tumour analysis. To learn more about our upcoming NextGen Omics UK conference in London, </em><a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/nextgen-omics-series-uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>click here</em></a><em> to download an agenda or register your interest.</em>&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <div class="content-body-footer"> </div> </div> <div class="content-sidebar"> <div class="related-event"> <h3 class="center">Related Events</h3> For more on this topic, you may be interested in our upcoming <a href="/precision-medicine/events/nextgen-multi-omics-2025">7th Annual Digital PCR Congress</a> </div> <div class="related-articles"> <h3 class="center">Related Resources</h3> <div class="article"> <a href="/precision-medicine/resources/liquid-biopsy-solutions-for-circulating-tumor-cell-and-rare-cell-analysis"> <div class="cover-graphic"> <img src="https://oxfordglobal.com/hubfs/Website/Images/Resources/Omics/Welcome-to-the-RNAscope-Experience-1.jpg" class="cover-graphic-image"> </div> </a><div class="content"><a href="/precision-medicine/resources/liquid-biopsy-solutions-for-circulating-tumor-cell-and-rare-cell-analysis"> <h4> Liquid Biopsy Solutions for Circulating Tumor Cell and Rare Cell Analysis </h4> <div class="abstract"> </div> <div class="read-more"> <a href="/precision-medicine/resources/liquid-biopsy-solutions-for-circulating-tumor-cell-and-rare-cell-analysis" class="read-more-link">Read More</a> </div></a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <a href="/precision-medicine/resources/dpcr-market-trends-and-predictions-for-future-development"> <div class="cover-graphic"> <img src="https://oxfordglobal.com/hubfs/Website/Images/Resources/Omics/dPCR-Market-Trends-and-Predictions-for-2032.jpg" class="cover-graphic-image"> </div> </a><div class="content"><a href="/precision-medicine/resources/dpcr-market-trends-and-predictions-for-future-development"> <h4> dPCR Market Trends and Predictions for Future Development </h4> <div class="abstract"> The applications and opportunities offered by digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) technology have provided new techniques for molecular diagnostics. With an estimated global market value of USD $1bn by 2032, the future looks promising for dPCR approaches. </div> <div class="read-more"> <a href="/precision-medicine/resources/dpcr-market-trends-and-predictions-for-future-development" class="read-more-link">Read More</a> </div></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="newsletter-cta"> <h2 class="heading">Subscribe to our newsletter</h2> <div class="message"> Sign up for our monthly Newsletter to keep up with all things Precision Medicine </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="button hs-cta-trigger-button hs-cta-trigger-button-177053686110">Newsletter Sign-Up</a> </div> </div> </main> <div data-global-resource-path="git/og-stage/templates/partials/footer.html"><footer class="website-footer flex flex-column g-20"> <div class="footer-columns"> <div class="footer-column"> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com" class="site-logo-link"> <img src="https://oxfordglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Oxford-Global-Logo-Stacked-Websize.png" class="site-logo"> </a> </div> <div class="footer-column"> <h3>Brands</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="/precision-medicine/">Precision Medicine</a> </li> <li> <a href="/discovery-development/">Discovery &amp; Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="/nextgen-biomed/">NextGen Biomed</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-column"> <h3>Services</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/in-person-services/"> In-Person Services </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/digital-marketing-services/"> Digital Marketing Services </a> </li> </ul> <h3>Upcoming Events</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/calendar/"> Event Calendar </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-column"> <h3>Company</h3> <ul> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/about-us/"> About </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/vacancies/"> Vacancies </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/csr-policy/"> CSR Policy </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="javascript:postMessage({type:'HS_DISPLAY_CALL_TO_ACTION',id:130207947529});"> Contact </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-column"> <p> <a href="tel:+441865248455">+44 1865 248 455</a><br> <a href="mailto:help@oxfordglobal.com">help@oxfordglobal.com</a> </p> <p> <strong>Our UK Address:</strong><br> Godstow Court<br> Minns Business Park<br> Botley<br> Oxford, OX2 0JB </p> <p> <strong>Our US Address:</strong><br> 100 Cambridge Street<br> 14th Floor<br> Boston<br> MA 02114 </p> </div> </div> <div class="footer-bottom grid g-20"> <div class="span8 span12-sm span12-md flex flex-column g-10"> <div class="copyright"> © Oxford Global Marketing Ltd. 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