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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._T._Rajagopal&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="C. T. Rajagopal">C. T. Rajagopal</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian mathematician</div> <p> <b>Cadambur Tiruvenkatachari Rajagopal</b> (8 September 1903 – 25 April 1978) was an Indian <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadambathur_Tiruvenkatacharlu_Rajagopal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rajagopal was born in <a href="/wiki/Triplicane" title="Triplicane">Triplicane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a>. He was the first son of Tiruvenkatachari and Padmammal. He had two younger brothers, <a href="/wiki/C.T._Venugopal" title="C.T. Venugopal">C.T. Venugopal</a>, a distinguished civil servant, and <a href="/wiki/C._T._K._Chari" title="C. T. K. Chari">C. T. K. Chari</a>. They also had a young sister, Kamala. He studied at <a href="/wiki/Presidency_College,_Chennai" title="Presidency College, Chennai">Presidency College</a> and graduated with an Honours in mathematics in 1925. He was involved in the clerical service and then taught mathematics at <a href="/wiki/Annamalai_University" title="Annamalai University">Annamalai University</a>. Rajagopal taught mathematics at <a href="/wiki/Madras_Christian_College" title="Madras Christian College">Madras Christian College</a> from 1931 to 1951. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Ramanujan_Institute_for_Advanced_Study_in_Mathematics" title="Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics">Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics</a> in 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collaborating on the teaching of <a href="/wiki/Conic_section" title="Conic section">conic sections</a>, Rajagopal and Vaniyambadi Rajagopala Srinivasaraghavan wrote a <a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbook</a>, <i>An Introduction to Analytical Conics</i>, that was published in 1955 by <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> in India. A reviewer noted "a pleasing feature is the frequent reference to the history of the subject", and "the authors pursue the theory in great detail, proving a large number of subsidiary results."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rajagopal became Director of the <a href="/wiki/Ramanujan_Institute_for_Advanced_Study_in_Mathematics" title="Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics">Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics</a> in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He helped the Institute to become India's leading mathematics research centre. The Institute<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is now associated with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Madras" title="University of Madras">University of Madras</a>, after it was merged with the Department of Mathematics at the University in 1967.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Rajagopal conducted research on sequences, series, summability, and published more than 80 papers but is most noted for his work in the area of generalising and unifying <a href="/wiki/Abelian_and_tauberian_theorems" class="mw-redirect" title="Abelian and tauberian theorems">Tauberian theorems</a>. He also did research in many other mathematical topics.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Rajagopal also conducted research in the history of medieval Indian mathematics. He showed that the series for arctan x discovered by <a href="/wiki/James_Gregory_(mathematician)" title="James Gregory (mathematician)">James Gregory</a> and those for sin x and cos x discovered by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> were known to the Hindu mathematicians 150 years earlier. He identified <a href="/wiki/Madhava_of_Sangamagrama" title="Madhava of Sangamagrama">Madhava</a> as the first discoverer of these series.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadambathur_Tiruvenkatacharlu_Rajagopal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1949: (with M.S. Rangachari) "A Neglected Chapter of Hindu Mathematics", <a href="/wiki/Scripta_Mathematica" title="Scripta Mathematica">Scripta Mathematica</a> 15: 201–9</li> <li>1951: (with M.S. Rangachari) "On the Hindu proof of Gregory's series", <i>Scripta Mathematica</i> 17: 65–74.</li> <li>1949: (with A. Venkataraman) "The sine and cosine <a href="/wiki/Power_series" title="Power series">power series</a> in Hindu mathematics", <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal (Science)</i> 15: 1–13.</li> <li>1955: (with V. R. Srinivasaraghavan) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t38HGQAACAAJ">Introduction to Analytical Conics</a> via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li>1977/8: (with M. S. Rangachari) "An Untapped Source of Medieval Keralese Mathematics", <i>Archive for History of Exact Sciences</i> 18(2): 89–102.</li> <li>1986: (with M.S Rangachari) "On Medieval Kerala Mathematics" <a href="/wiki/Archive_for_History_of_Exact_Sciences" title="Archive for History of Exact Sciences">Archive for History of Exact Sciences</a> 35: 91–99 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00357622">10.1007/BF00357622</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadambathur_Tiruvenkatacharlu_Rajagopal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Ananda_Rau" title="K. Ananda Rau">K. Ananda Rau</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadambathur_Tiruvenkatacharlu_Rajagopal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Rajagopal/">"C T Rajagopal - Biography"</a>. <i>Maths History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maths+History&rft.atitle=C+T+Rajagopal+-+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FRajagopal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadambathur+Tiruvenkatacharlu+Rajagopal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.J.F. Primrose (1957) "Review: <i>An introduction to analytical conics</i> by Rajagopal & Srinivasaraghvan", <a href="/wiki/The_Mathematical_Gazette" title="The Mathematical Gazette">The Mathematical Gazette</a> 41 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3610142">10.2307/3610142</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imsc.res.in/~rao/ramanujan/newnow/riasm.htm">"RIASM History"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RIASM+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imsc.res.in%2F~rao%2Framanujan%2Fnewnow%2Friasm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadambathur+Tiruvenkatacharlu+Rajagopal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ddd.uab.cat/pub/fsunyercor/fsunyercor_556.pdf">"Letter from C.T.Rajagopal as Head of RIASM"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Letter+from+C.T.Rajagopal+as+Head+of+RIASM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fddd.uab.cat%2Fpub%2Ffsunyercor%2Ffsunyercor_556.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadambathur+Tiruvenkatacharlu+Rajagopal" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chennaibest.com/cityresources/education/institutes1.asp#raman">"RIASM merges with UM"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RIASM+merges+with+UM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chennaibest.com%2Fcityresources%2Feducation%2Finstitutes1.asp%23raman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadambathur+Tiruvenkatacharlu+Rajagopal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadambathur_Tiruvenkatacharlu_Rajagopal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Rajagopal.html">"Cadambathur Tiruvenkatacharlu Rajagopal"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cadambathur+Tiruvenkatacharlu+Rajagopal&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FRajagopal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadambathur+Tiruvenkatacharlu+Rajagopal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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