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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparison_of_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_of_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Comparison of types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_of_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skeletal_muscle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skeletal_muscle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Skeletal muscle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skeletal_muscle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smooth_muscle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smooth_muscle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Smooth muscle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smooth_muscle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cardiac_muscle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardiac_muscle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cardiac muscle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardiac_muscle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skeletal_muscle_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skeletal_muscle_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Skeletal muscle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skeletal_muscle_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smooth_muscle_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smooth_muscle_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Smooth muscle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smooth_muscle_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cardiac_muscle_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardiac_muscle_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Cardiac muscle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardiac_muscle_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invertebrate_muscle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invertebrate_muscle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Invertebrate muscle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invertebrate_muscle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muscle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 140 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-140" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">140 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spier" title="Spier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskel" title="Muskel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Muskel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%A1%E1%8A%95%E1%89%BB" title="ጡንቻ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጡንቻ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9" title="عضلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عضلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclo" title="Musclo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Musclo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%98%DC%A9%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܥܘܩܒܪܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܘܩܒܪܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80" title="পেশী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পেশী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculu" title="Músculu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Músculu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ччорбал – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ччорбал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fz%C9%99l%C9%99" title="Əzələ – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əzələ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80" title="পেশী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পেশী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin-bah" title="Kin-bah – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kin-bah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мускулдар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мускулдар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Мускулы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мускулы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Цягліцы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цягліцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="मांसपेशी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मांसपेशी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamnan" title="Kalamnan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kalamnan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мускул – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мускул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Mišić – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mišić" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigenn" title="Kigenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kigenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Балсан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Балсан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAscul" title="Múscul – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Múscul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Сенкерле – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сенкерле" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sval" title="Sval – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sval" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyhyr" title="Cyhyr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyhyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskel" title="Muskel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muskel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A3%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A9" title="ݣلضمة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ݣلضمة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deahkki" title="Deahkki – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Deahkki" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskel" title="Muskel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muskel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihas" title="Lihas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lihas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%82" title="Μυς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μυς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo" title="Músculo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Músculo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskolo" title="Muskolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muskolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskulu" title="Muskulu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Muskulu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%87" title="ماهیچه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماهیچه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Muscle" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muscle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spier" title="Spier – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spier" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A1n" title="Matán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Matán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo" title="Músculo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Músculo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EC%9C%A1" title="근육 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근육" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մկաններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մկաններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="पेशी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेशी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Mišić – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mišić" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskulo" title="Muskulo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Muskulo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piskel" title="Piskel – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Piskel" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Otot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculo" title="Musculo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Musculo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6%C3%B0vi" title="Vöðvi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vöðvi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscolo" title="Muscolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muscolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8" title="שריר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שריר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Otot" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimvi%C9%96e" title="Nimviɖe – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nimviɖe" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81" title="ಸ್ನಾಯು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ನಾಯು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კუნთები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კუნთები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8E%DA%98%DA%BE" title="مَژھ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مَژھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Бұлшық ет – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бұлшық ет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musuli" title="Musuli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Musuli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misk" title="Misk – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Misk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousk" title="Mousk – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mousk" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas%C3%BBlke" title="Masûlke – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Masûlke" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%87%D1%83%D2%A3" title="Булчуң – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Булчуң" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Биши – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Биши" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ກ້າມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກ້າມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus" title="Musculus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Musculus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musku%C4%BCi" title="Muskuļi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Muskuļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskel" title="Muskel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Muskel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raumuo" title="Raumuo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Raumuo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spier" title="Spier – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Spier" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montung%C3%A1" title="Montungá – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Montungá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculo" title="Musculo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Musculo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscol" title="Muscol – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Muscol" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izom" title="Izom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мускул – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мускул" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hozatra" title="Hozatra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hozatra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF" title="പേശി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പേശി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="स्नायू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्नायू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Otot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Otot" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-n%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Gṳ̆ng-nṳ̆k – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gṳ̆ng-nṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Булчин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Булчин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကြွက်သား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြွက်သား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masela" title="Masela – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Masela" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spier_(anatomie)" title="Spier (anatomie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spier (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%8B%E8%82%89" title="筋肉 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="筋肉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Дилха – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дилха" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskel" title="Muskel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muskel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskel" title="Muskel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Muskel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Muscle" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Чогашыл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чогашыл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskullar" title="Muskullar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muskullar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੱਠਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਠਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman" title="Laman – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Laman" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DA%88%DB%92_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D9%BE%D9%B9%DA%BE%DB%92" title="پنڈے دے پٹھے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پنڈے دے پٹھے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskel" title="Muskel – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Muskel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84" title="Mięsień – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mięsień" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo" title="Músculo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Músculo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C8%99chi_(anatomie)" title="Mușchi (anatomie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mușchi (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinchi_aycha" title="Sinchi aycha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sinchi aycha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8F%D0%B7" title="Мяз – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мяз" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Мышцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мышцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%87%D1%8B%D2%A5" title="Былчыҥ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Былчыҥ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskuli" title="Muskuli – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muskuli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Muscle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="مشڪون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مشڪون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sval" title="Sval – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sval" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1ica" title="Mišica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mišica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muruq" title="Muruq – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Muruq" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%95" title="ماسوولکە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماسوولکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B" title="Мишић – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мишић" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87i" title="Mišići – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mišići" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Otot" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihas" title="Lihas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lihas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskel" title="Muskel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muskel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamnan" title="Kalamnan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalamnan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="தசை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தசை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tama%E1%BA%93walt" title="Tamaẓwalt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamaẓwalt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мускуллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мускуллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="కండరం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కండరం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD" title="กล้ามเนื้อ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กล้ามเนื้อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AD%E1%8F%AB%E1%8F%AF%E1%8E%AD_%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%88%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%9F" title="ᎭᏫᏯᎭ ᏧᏈᏓᏟ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎭᏫᏯᎭ ᏧᏈᏓᏟ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kas" title="Kas – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="М'язи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="М'язи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="عضلات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عضلات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B3%D9%83%DB%87%D9%84" title="مۇسكۇل – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۇسكۇل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noh" title="Noh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Noh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Cơ (sinh học) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskli" title="Muskli – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muskli" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musse" title="Musse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Musse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiere_(anatomie)" title="Spiere (anatomie) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Spiere (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masol" title="Masol – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Masol" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89" title="肌肉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="肌肉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%9C" title="מוסקל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוסקל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%B9%A3an" title="Iṣan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Iṣan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89" title="肌肉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="肌肉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazi" title="Bazi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bazi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskols" title="Moskols – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Moskols" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89" title="肌肉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="肌肉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepir" title="Sepir – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sepir" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingkul" title="Bingkul – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bingkul" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Muscle%22">"Muscle"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Muscle%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Muscle%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Muscle%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Muscle%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Muscle%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/52px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/77px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/103px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Muscle</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Types_Of_Muscle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Types_Of_Muscle.jpg/250px-Types_Of_Muscle.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Types_Of_Muscle.jpg/375px-Types_Of_Muscle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Types_Of_Muscle.jpg/500px-Types_Of_Muscle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Three distinct types of muscle (L to R): smooth (non-striated), cardiac, and skeletal muscle</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009132">D009132</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=1975">1975</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=1994">1994</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma30316,">5022 30316, 5022</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7365" class="extiw" title="d:Q7365">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Muscle</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Soft_tissue" title="Soft tissue">soft tissue</a>, one of the four basic types of <a href="/wiki/Animal_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal tissue">animal tissue</a>. Muscle tissue gives <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">skeletal muscles</a> the ability to <a href="/wiki/Muscle_contraction" title="Muscle contraction">contract</a>. Muscle is formed during <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonic development">embryonic development</a>, in a process known as <a href="/wiki/Myogenesis" title="Myogenesis">myogenesis</a>. Muscle tissue contains special <a href="/wiki/Muscle_contraction" title="Muscle contraction">contractile proteins</a> called <a href="/wiki/Actin" title="Actin">actin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myosin" title="Myosin">myosin</a> which interact to cause movement. Among many other muscle proteins, present are two <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulatory protein">regulatory proteins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troponin" title="Troponin">troponin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropomyosin" title="Tropomyosin">tropomyosin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muscle tissue varies with function and location in the body. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a>, the three types are: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">skeletal</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_muscle" title="Cardiac muscle">cardiac</a> (both <a href="/wiki/Striated_muscle_tissue" title="Striated muscle tissue">striated</a>), and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth muscle</a> (non-striated).<sup id="cite_ref-eLS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eLS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeletal muscle tissue">Skeletal muscle tissue</a> consists of elongated, multinucleate <a href="/wiki/Muscle_cell" title="Muscle cell">muscle cells</a> called <a href="/wiki/Muscle_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle fiber">muscle fibers</a>, and is responsible for movements of the body. Other tissues in skeletal muscle include <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perimysium" title="Perimysium">perimysium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smooth and cardiac muscle contract involuntarily, without conscious intervention. These muscle types may be activated both through the interaction of the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> as well as by receiving innervation from peripheral <a href="/wiki/Nerve_plexus" title="Nerve plexus">plexus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine</a> (hormonal) activation. Striated or skeletal muscle only contracts voluntarily, upon the influence of the central nervous system. <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">Reflexes</a> are a form of non-conscious activation of skeletal muscles, but nonetheless arise through activation of the central nervous system, albeit not engaging <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cortical</a> structures until after the contraction has occurred.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The different muscle types vary in their response to <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormones</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">acetylcholine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noradrenaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Noradrenaline">noradrenaline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adrenaline" title="Adrenaline">adrenaline</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a> depending on muscle type and the exact location of the muscle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sub-categorization of muscle tissue is also possible, depending on among other things the content of <a href="/wiki/Myoglobin" title="Myoglobin">myoglobin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Myosin_ATPase" title="Myosin ATPase">myosin ATPase</a> etc.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>muscle</i> comes from Latin <i>musculus</i>, diminutive of <i>mus</i> meaning <a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">mouse</a>, because the appearance of the flexed biceps resembles the back of a mouse. </p><p>The same phenomenon occurred in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, in which μῦς, <i>mȳs</i>, means both "mouse" and "muscle". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three types of muscle tissue in vertebrates: <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">skeletal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_muscle" title="Cardiac muscle">cardiac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth</a>. Skeletal and cardiac muscle are types of <a href="/wiki/Striated_muscle_tissue" title="Striated muscle tissue">striated muscle tissue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eLS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eLS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smooth muscle is non-striated. </p><p>There are three types of muscle tissue in <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> that are based on their pattern of striation: transversely striated, obliquely striated, and smooth muscle. In arthropods there is no smooth muscle. The transversely striated type is the most similar to the skeletal muscle in vertebrates.<sup id="cite_ref-Paniagua_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paniagua-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vertebrate skeletal muscle tissue is an elongated, striated muscle tissue, with the fibres ranging from 3-8 micrometers in width and from 18 to 200 micrometers in breadth. In the uterine wall, during pregnancy, they enlarge in length from 70 to 500 micrometers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skeletal striated muscle tissue is arranged in regular, parallel bundles of <a href="/wiki/Myofibril" title="Myofibril">myofibrils</a>, which contain many contractile units known as <a href="/wiki/Sarcomere" title="Sarcomere">sarcomeres</a>, which give the tissue its striated (striped) appearance. Skeletal muscle is voluntary muscle, anchored by <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendons</a> or sometimes by <a href="/wiki/Aponeurosis" title="Aponeurosis">aponeuroses</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bones</a>, and is used to effect <a href="/wiki/Skeleton" title="Skeleton">skeletal</a> movement such as <a href="/wiki/Animal_locomotion" title="Animal locomotion">locomotion</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Proprioception" title="Proprioception">maintain posture</a>. Postural control is generally maintained as an unconscious reflex, but the responsible muscles can also react to conscious control. The body mass of an average adult man is made up of 42% of skeletal muscle, and an average adult woman is made up of 36%.<sup id="cite_ref-Marieb_&_Hoehn_2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marieb_&_Hoehn_2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the walls of the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> as <a href="/wiki/Myocardium" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocardium">myocardium</a>, and it is an involuntary muscle controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomic nervous system</a>. Cardiac muscle tissue is striated like skeletal muscle, containing sarcomeres in highly regular arrangements of bundles. While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular, parallel bundles, cardiac muscle connects at branching, irregular angles known as <a href="/wiki/Intercalated_disc" title="Intercalated disc">intercalated discs</a>. </p><p>Smooth muscle tissue is non-striated and involuntary. Smooth muscle is found within the walls of organs and structures such as the <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">esophagus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronchus" title="Bronchus">bronchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urethra" title="Urethra">urethra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">bladder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Erectores_pilorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Erectores pilorum">arrector pili</a> in the skin that control the erection of body hair. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_of_types">Comparison of types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comparison of types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:lightgrey;"> <td>  </td> <td><b>smooth muscle</b> </td> <td><b>cardiac muscle</b> </td> <td><b>skeletal muscle</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"> <td><b>Anatomy</b> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_junction" title="Neuromuscular junction">Neuromuscular junction</a> </td> <td>none </td> <td> </td> <td>present </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"> <td>  Fibers </td> <td>fusiform, short (<0.4 mm) </td> <td>branching </td> <td>cylindrical, long (<15 cm) </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrion" title="Mitochondrion">Mitochondria</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>numerous </td> <td>many to few (by type) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">Nuclei</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Sarcomere" title="Sarcomere">Sarcomeres</a> </td> <td>none </td> <td>present, max. length 2.6 μm </td> <td>present, max. length 3.7 μm </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Syncytium" title="Syncytium">Syncytium</a> </td> <td>none (independent cells) </td> <td>none (but functional as such) </td> <td>present </td></tr> <tr> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Smooth_endoplasmic_reticulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth endoplasmic reticulum">Sarcoplasmic reticulum</a> </td> <td>little elaborated </td> <td>moderately elaborated </td> <td>highly elaborated </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"> <td><b>ATPase</b> </td> <td>little </td> <td>moderate </td> <td>abundant </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Physiology</b> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"> <td>  Self-regulation </td> <td>spontaneous action (slow) </td> <td>yes (rapid) </td> <td>none (requires nerve stimulus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>  Response to stimulus </td> <td>unresponsive </td> <td>"all-or-nothing" </td> <td>"all-or-nothing" </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"> <td>  <a href="/wiki/Action_potential" title="Action potential">Action potential</a> </td> <td>yes </td> <td>yes </td> <td>yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>  Workspace </td> <td>Force/length curve is variable </td> <td>the increase in the force/length curve </td> <td>at the peak of the force/length curve </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"> <td><b>Response to stimulus</b> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muskelreiz-glatt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Muskelreiz-glatt.svg/208px-Muskelreiz-glatt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Muskelreiz-glatt.svg/312px-Muskelreiz-glatt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Muskelreiz-glatt.svg/416px-Muskelreiz-glatt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>     </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muskelreiz-herz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Muskelreiz-herz.svg/209px-Muskelreiz-herz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="209" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Muskelreiz-herz.svg/314px-Muskelreiz-herz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Muskelreiz-herz.svg/418px-Muskelreiz-herz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="170" /></a></span>     </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muskelreiz-skelett.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Muskelreiz-skelett.svg/209px-Muskelreiz-skelett.svg.png" decoding="async" width="209" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Muskelreiz-skelett.svg/314px-Muskelreiz-skelett.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Muskelreiz-skelett.svg/418px-Muskelreiz-skelett.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="169" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skeletal_muscle">Skeletal muscle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Skeletal muscle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">Skeletal muscle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue.jpg/220px-Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue.jpg/330px-Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue.jpg/440px-Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1732" /></a><figcaption>Striated skeletal muscle cells in microscopic view</figcaption></figure> <p>Skeletal muscle is broadly classified into two fiber types: <a href="/wiki/Type_I_muscle_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Type I muscle fiber">type I</a> (slow-twitch) and <a href="/wiki/Type_II_muscle_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Type II muscle fiber">type II</a> (fast-twitch). </p> <ul><li><b>Type I, slow-twitch</b>, slow oxidative, or <i>red</i> muscle is dense with <a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">capillaries</a> and is rich in <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myoglobin" title="Myoglobin">myoglobin</a>, giving the muscle tissue its characteristic red color. It can carry more <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and sustain <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerobic metabolism">aerobic</a> activity.</li> <li><b>Type II, fast-twitch muscle,</b> has three major kinds that are, in order of increasing contractile speed:<sup id="cite_ref-Larsson_1991_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsson_1991-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Talbot_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talbot-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Type IIa, which, like a slow muscle, is aerobic, rich in mitochondria and capillaries and appears red when deoxygenated.</li> <li>Type IIx (also known as type IId), which is less dense in mitochondria and myoglobin. This is the fastest muscle type in humans. It can contract more quickly and with a greater amount of force than oxidative muscle, but can sustain only short, <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (biochemistry)">anaerobic</a> bursts of activity before muscle contraction becomes painful (often incorrectly attributed to a build-up of <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">lactic acid</a>). N.B. in some books and articles this muscle in humans was, confusingly, called type IIB.<sup id="cite_ref-Smerdu_1994_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smerdu_1994-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Type IIb, which is anaerobic, <a href="/wiki/Glycolysis" title="Glycolysis">glycolytic</a>, "white" muscle that is even less dense in mitochondria and myoglobin. In small animals like rodents, this is the major fast muscle type, explaining the pale color of their flesh. In laboratory house mice, an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism in the <i>Myosin heavy polypeptide 4</i> gene <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causes a great reduction in the amount of Type IIb muscle, yielding the "Mini-Muscle" phenotype, which was discovered based on its greatly reduced (~50%) hind-limb muscle mass.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> of mammalian skeletal muscle tissue is about 1.06 kg/liter.<sup id="cite_ref-Urbancheka_2001_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urbancheka_2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be contrasted with the density of <a href="/wiki/Adipose_tissue" title="Adipose tissue">adipose tissue</a> (fat), which is 0.9196 kg/liter.<sup id="cite_ref-Farvid_2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farvid_2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes muscle tissue approximately 15% denser than fat tissue. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">Skeletal muscle</a> is a highly oxygen-consuming tissue, and <a href="/wiki/DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring)" title="DNA damage (naturally occurring)">oxidative DNA damage</a> that is induced by <a href="/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species" title="Reactive oxygen species">reactive oxygen species</a> tends to accumulate with <a href="/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging" title="DNA damage theory of aging">age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oxidative DNA damage <a href="/wiki/8-Oxo-2%27-deoxyguanosine" title="8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine">8-OHdG</a> accumulates in <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> and skeletal muscle of both mouse and rat with age.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, DNA double-strand breaks accumulate with age in the skeletal muscle of mice.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smooth_muscle">Smooth muscle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Smooth muscle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">Smooth muscle</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">Smooth muscle</a> is involuntary and non-striated. It is divided into two subgroups: the <a href="/wiki/Single-unit_smooth_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-unit smooth muscle">single-unit</a> (unitary) and <a href="/wiki/Multiunit_smooth_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiunit smooth muscle">multiunit smooth muscle</a>. Within single-unit cells, the whole bundle or sheet contracts as a <a href="/wiki/Syncytium" title="Syncytium">syncytium</a> (i.e. a <a href="/wiki/Multinucleate" title="Multinucleate">multinucleate</a> mass of <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">cytoplasm</a> that is not separated into cells). Multiunit smooth muscle tissues <a href="/wiki/Innervate" class="mw-redirect" title="Innervate">innervate</a> individual cells; as such, they allow for fine control and gradual responses, much like <a href="/wiki/Motor_unit_recruitment" title="Motor unit recruitment">motor unit recruitment</a> in skeletal muscle. </p><p>Smooth muscle is found within the walls of <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessels" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood vessels">blood vessels</a> (such smooth muscle specifically being termed <a href="/wiki/Vascular_smooth_muscle" title="Vascular smooth muscle">vascular smooth muscle</a>) such as in the <a href="/wiki/Tunica_media" title="Tunica media">tunica media</a> layer of the large (<a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a>) and small <a href="/wiki/Arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Arteries">arteries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arterioles" class="mw-redirect" title="Arterioles">arterioles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veins" class="mw-redirect" title="Veins">veins</a>. Smooth muscle is also found in lymphatic vessels, the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">urinary bladder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a> (termed <a href="/wiki/Uterine_smooth_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterine smooth muscle">uterine smooth muscle</a>), male and female <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive tract">reproductive tracts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_tract" title="Respiratory tract">respiratory tract</a>, the arrector pili of <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_muscle" title="Ciliary muscle">ciliary muscle</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">iris of the eye</a>. The structure and function is basically the same in smooth muscle cells in different organs, but the inducing stimuli differ substantially, in order to perform individual actions in the body at individual times. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)" title="Glomerulus (kidney)">glomeruli</a> of the kidneys contain smooth muscle-like cells called <a href="/wiki/Mesangial_cell" title="Mesangial cell">mesangial cells</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardiac_muscle">Cardiac muscle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cardiac muscle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_muscle" title="Cardiac muscle">Cardiac muscle</a></div> <p>Cardiac muscle is involuntary, <a href="/wiki/Striated_muscle_tissue" title="Striated muscle tissue">striated muscle</a> that is found in the walls and the <a href="/wiki/Histological" class="mw-redirect" title="Histological">histological</a> foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>, specifically the myocardium. The <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_muscle_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac muscle cell">cardiac muscle cells</a>, (also called cardiomyocytes or myocardiocytes), predominantly contain only one nucleus, although populations with two to four nuclei do exist.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2014)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Myocardium" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocardium">myocardium</a> is the muscle tissue of the heart and forms a thick middle layer between the outer <a href="/wiki/Epicardium" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicardium">epicardium</a> layer and the inner <a href="/wiki/Endocardium" title="Endocardium">endocardium</a> layer. </p><p>Coordinated <a href="/wiki/Muscle_contraction" title="Muscle contraction">contractions</a> of cardiac muscle cells in the heart propel <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> out of the <a href="/wiki/Atrium_(heart)" title="Atrium (heart)">atria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ventricle_(heart)" title="Ventricle (heart)">ventricles</a> to the blood vessels of the left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulatory systems</a>. This complex mechanism illustrates <a href="/wiki/Systole_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Systole (medicine)">systole</a> of the heart. </p><p>Cardiac muscle cells, unlike most other tissues in the body, rely on an available blood and electrical supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products such as <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coronary_circulation" title="Coronary circulation">coronary arteries</a> help fulfill this function. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Myogenesis" title="Myogenesis">Myogenesis</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray18.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray18.png/139px-Gray18.png" decoding="async" width="139" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray18.png/209px-Gray18.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray18.png/279px-Gray18.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>A chicken embryo, showing the <a href="/wiki/Paraxial_mesoderm" title="Paraxial mesoderm">paraxial mesoderm</a> on both sides of the neural fold. The anterior (forward) portion has begun to form <a href="/wiki/Somite" title="Somite">somites</a> (labeled "primitive segments").</figcaption></figure> <p>All muscles are derived from <a href="/wiki/Paraxial_mesoderm" title="Paraxial mesoderm">paraxial mesoderm</a>. The paraxial mesoderm is divided along the <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a>'s length into <a href="/wiki/Somite" title="Somite">somites</a>, corresponding to the <a href="/wiki/Segmentation_(biology)" title="Segmentation (biology)">segmentation</a> of the body (most obviously seen in the <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">vertebral column</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweeney_1997_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweeney_1997-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each somite has three divisions, <a href="/wiki/Sclerotome" class="mw-redirect" title="Sclerotome">sclerotome</a> (which forms <a href="/wiki/Vertebra_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebra (anatomy)">vertebrae</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dermatome_(embryology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermatome (embryology)">dermatome</a> (which forms skin), and <a href="/wiki/Myotome_(embryology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Myotome (embryology)">myotome</a> (which forms muscle). The myotome is divided into two sections, the epimere and hypomere, which form <a href="/wiki/Epaxial_and_hypaxial_muscles" title="Epaxial and hypaxial muscles">epaxial and hypaxial muscles</a>, respectively. The only epaxial muscles in humans are the <a href="/wiki/Erector_spinae_muscles" title="Erector spinae muscles">erector spinae</a> and small intervertebral muscles, and are innervated by the dorsal rami of the <a href="/wiki/Spinal_nerve" title="Spinal nerve">spinal nerves</a>. All other muscles, including those of the limbs are hypaxial, and innervated by the <a href="/wiki/Ventral_rami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral rami">ventral rami</a> of the spinal nerves.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweeney_1997_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweeney_1997-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During development, <a href="/wiki/Myoblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Myoblast">myoblasts</a> (muscle progenitor cells) either remain in the somite to form muscles associated with the vertebral column or migrate out into the body to form all other muscles. Myoblast migration is preceded by the formation of <a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">connective tissue</a> frameworks, usually formed from the somatic <a href="/wiki/Lateral_plate_mesoderm" title="Lateral plate mesoderm">lateral plate mesoderm</a>. Myoblasts follow chemical signals to the appropriate locations, where they fuse into elongate skeletal muscle cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweeney_1997_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweeney_1997-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sliding_filament_theory" title="Sliding filament theory">Sliding filament theory</a></div> <p>The primary function of muscle tissue is <a href="/wiki/Muscle_contraction" title="Muscle contraction">contraction</a>. The three types of muscle tissue (skeletal, cardiac and smooth) have significant differences. However, all three use the movement of <a href="/wiki/Actin" title="Actin">actin</a> against <a href="/wiki/Myosin" title="Myosin">myosin</a> to create contraction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skeletal_muscle_2">Skeletal muscle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Skeletal muscle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated by <a href="/wiki/Action_potential" title="Action potential">electrical impulses</a> transmitted by the <a href="/wiki/Motor_nerve" title="Motor nerve">motor nerves</a>. Cardiac and smooth muscle contractions are stimulated by internal pacemaker cells which regularly contract, and propagate contractions to other muscle cells they are in contact with. All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle contractions are facilitated by the <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitter</a> <a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">acetylcholine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smooth_muscle_2">Smooth muscle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Smooth muscle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Smooth muscle is found in almost all <a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">organ systems</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hollow_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollow organ">hollow organs</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">bladder</a>; in tubular structures such as <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lymph_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymph vessel">lymph vessels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bile_duct" title="Bile duct">bile ducts</a>; in sphincters such as in the uterus, and the eye. In addition, it plays an important role in the ducts of exocrine glands. It fulfills various tasks such as sealing orifices (e.g. pylorus, uterine os) or the transport of the chyme through wavelike contractions of the intestinal tube. Smooth muscle cells contract more slowly than skeletal muscle cells, but they are stronger, more sustained and require less energy. Smooth muscle is also involuntary, unlike skeletal muscle, which requires a stimulus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardiac_muscle_2">Cardiac muscle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cardiac muscle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cardiac muscle is the muscle of the heart. It is self-contracting, <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomically regulated</a> and must continue to contract in a rhythmic fashion for the whole life of the organism. Hence it has special features.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invertebrate_muscle">Invertebrate muscle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Invertebrate muscle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three types of muscle tissue in <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> that are based on their pattern of <a href="/wiki/Striated_muscle_tissue" title="Striated muscle tissue">striation</a>: transversely striated, obliquely striated, and smooth muscle. In arthropods there is no smooth muscle. The transversely striated type is the most similar to the skeletal muscle in vertebrates.<sup id="cite_ref-Paniagua_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paniagua-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEbashiEndo1968" class="citation journal cs1">Ebashi, S.; Endo, M. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4894870/">"Calcium ion and muscle contraction"</a>. <i>Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology</i>. <b>18</b>: 123–183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0079-6107%2868%2990023-0">10.1016/0079-6107(68)90023-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0079-6107">0079-6107</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4894870">4894870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Biophysics+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Calcium+ion+and+muscle+contraction&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=123-183&rft.date=1968&rft.issn=0079-6107&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4894870&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0079-6107%2868%2990023-0&rft.aulast=Ebashi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Endo%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F4894870%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eLS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eLS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eLS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobson2017" class="citation book cs1">Robson, Lesley G. 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(1998-08-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9714115/">"Constitutive properties of adult mammalian cardiac muscle cells"</a>. <i>Circulation</i>. <b>98</b> (6): 567–579. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.cir.98.6.567">10.1161/01.cir.98.6.567</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-7322">0009-7322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9714115">9714115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Constitutive+properties+of+adult+mammalian+cardiac+muscle+cells&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=567-579&rft.date=1998-08-11&rft.issn=0009-7322&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9714115&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.cir.98.6.567&rft.aulast=Zile&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+K.&rft.au=Cowles%2C+M.+K.&rft.au=Buckley%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Koide%2C+M.&rft.au=Cowles%2C+B.+A.&rft.au=Gharpuray%2C+V.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F9714115%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<li><a href="/wiki/Epithelium" title="Epithelium">Epithelial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle tissue">Muscular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervous_tissue" title="Nervous tissue">Nervous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)#Plant_tissues" title="Tissue (biology)">Plants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Dermal tissue</i>: <b><a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">Epidermis</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulliform_cell" title="Bulliform cell">Bulliform cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cuticle" title="Plant cuticle">Cuticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_cell" title="Guard cell">Guard cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">Pavement cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">Subsidiary cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Periderm" class="mw-redirect" title="Periderm">Periderm</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phellem" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellem">Phellem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phelloderm" class="mw-redirect" title="Phelloderm">Phelloderm</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vascular_tissue" title="Vascular tissue">Vascular tissue</a></i>: <b><a href="/wiki/Phloem" title="Phloem">Phloem</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Companion_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion cell">Companion cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bast_fibre" title="Bast fibre">Phloem fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phloem#Parenchyma_cells" title="Phloem">Phloem parenchyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieve_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Sieve tube">Sieve tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xylem" title="Xylem">Xylem</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tracheid" title="Tracheid">Tracheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vessel_element" title="Vessel element">Vessel element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylem" title="Xylem">Xylem fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylem" title="Xylem">Xylem parenchyma</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ground_tissue" title="Ground tissue">Ground tissue</a></i>: <b><a href="/wiki/Ground_tissue#Parenchyma" title="Ground tissue">Parenchyma</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerenchyma" title="Aerenchyma">Aerenchyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorenchyma" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorenchyma">Chlorenchyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesophyll" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesophyll">Mesophyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pith" title="Pith">Pith</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Collenchyma" class="mw-redirect" title="Collenchyma">Collenchyma</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sclerenchyma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sclerenchyma">Sclerenchyma</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ground_tissue#Fibers" title="Ground tissue">Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sclereid" title="Sclereid">Sclereid</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">Meristematic tissue</a></i>: <b><a href="/wiki/Meristem#Primary_meristems" title="Meristem">Primary</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ground_meristem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground meristem">Ground meristem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procambium" class="mw-redirect" title="Procambium">Procambium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoderm" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoderm">Protoderm</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Meristem#Secondary_meristems" title="Meristem">Secondary</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_cambium" title="Cork cambium">Cork cambium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_cambium" title="Vascular cambium">Vascular cambium</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Mixed</i>: <b><a href="/wiki/Cortex_(botany)" title="Cortex (botany)">Cortex</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endodermis" title="Endodermis">Endodermis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodermis" title="Exodermis">Exodermis</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stele_(biology)" title="Stele (biology)">Stele</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tissues_(biology)" title="Category:Tissues (biology)">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">Histology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscle_tissue" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscle tissue"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscle_tissue" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscle_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle tissue">Muscle tissue</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth muscle tissue">Smooth<br /> muscle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calmodulin" title="Calmodulin">Calmodulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_smooth_muscle" title="Vascular smooth muscle">Vascular smooth muscle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Striated_muscle_tissue" title="Striated muscle tissue">Striated<br /> muscle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_striated_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeletal striated muscle">Skeletal<br /> muscle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Costamere" title="Costamere">Costamere</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Dystrophin-associated_protein_complex" title="Dystrophin-associated protein complex">DAPC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membrane/<br />extracellular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="DAP:" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dystrophin-associated_protein" title="Dystrophin-associated protein">DAP</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoglycan" title="Sarcoglycan">Sarcoglycan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGCA" title="SGCA">SGCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGCB" title="SGCB">SGCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-sarcoglycan" title="Delta-sarcoglycan">SGCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGCE" title="SGCE">SGCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGCG" title="SGCG">SGCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGCZ" title="SGCZ">SGCZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystroglycan" title="Dystroglycan">Dystroglycan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarcospan" title="Sarcospan">Sarcospan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_alpha_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminin, alpha 2">Laminin, alpha 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intracellular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dystrophin" title="Dystrophin">Dystrophin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystrobrevin" title="Dystrobrevin">Dystrobrevin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DTNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DTNA">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTNB" class="mw-redirect" title="DTNB">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntrophin" title="Syntrophin">Syntrophin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syntrophin,_alpha_1" title="Syntrophin, alpha 1">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNTB1" title="SNTB1">B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNTB2" title="SNTB2">B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNTG1" title="SNTG1">G1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNTG2" title="SNTG2">G2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncoilin" title="Syncoilin">Syncoilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysbindin" title="Dysbindin">Dysbindin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synemin" title="Synemin">Synemin/desmuslin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>related:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NOS1" title="NOS1">NOS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caveolin_3" title="Caveolin 3">Caveolin 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sarcomere" title="Sarcomere">Sarcomere</a>/<br />(a, i, and h bands;<br />z and m lines)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myofilament" title="Myofilament">Myofilament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actin" title="Actin">thin filament/actin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myosin" title="Myosin">thick filament/myosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titin" title="Titin">elastic filament/titin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebulin" title="Nebulin">nebulin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropomyosin" title="Tropomyosin">Tropomyosin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troponin" title="Troponin">Troponin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troponin_T" title="Troponin T">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troponin_C" title="Troponin C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troponin_I" title="Troponin I">I</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">Connective tissue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epimysium" title="Epimysium">Epimysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_fascicle" title="Muscle fascicle">Fascicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimysium" title="Perimysium">Perimysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomysium" title="Endomysium">Endomysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_in_skeletal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Connective tissue in skeletal muscle">Connective tissue in skeletal muscle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_junction" title="Neuromuscular junction">Neuromuscular junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_unit" title="Motor unit">Motor unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_spindle" title="Muscle spindle">Muscle spindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excitation%E2%80%93contraction_coupling" class="mw-redirect" title="Excitation–contraction coupling">Excitation–contraction coupling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sliding_filament_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sliding filament mechanism">Sliding filament mechanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_muscle" title="Cardiac muscle">Cardiac<br /> muscle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myocardium" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocardium">Myocardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercalated_disc" title="Intercalated disc">Intercalated disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebulette" title="Nebulette">Nebulette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">Muscle fiber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intrafusal_muscle_fiber" title="Intrafusal muscle fiber">intrafusal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrafusal_muscle_fiber" title="Extrafusal muscle fiber">extrafusal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myofibril" title="Myofibril">Myofibril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfilament" title="Microfilament">Microfilament</a>/<a href="/wiki/Myofilament" title="Myofilament">Myofilament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcomere" title="Sarcomere">Sarcomere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myoblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Myoblast">Myoblast</a>/<a href="/wiki/Muscle_cell" title="Muscle cell">Muscle cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myosatellite_cell" title="Myosatellite cell">Myosatellite cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desmin" title="Desmin">Desmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoplasm" title="Sarcoplasm">Sarcoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcolemma" title="Sarcolemma">Sarcolemma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T-tubule" title="T-tubule">T-tubule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoplasmic_reticulum" title="Sarcoplasmic reticulum">Sarcoplasmic reticulum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/<br />ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myotilin" class="mw-redirect" title="Myotilin">Myotilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telethonin" title="Telethonin">Telethonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysferlin" title="Dysferlin">Dysferlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukutin" title="Fukutin">Fukutin</a></li> <li><a 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