CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.popsci.com/xmlrpc.php">  <link rel="preload" fetchpriority="high" as="image" href="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85&w=2000" imagesrcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg 2000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=768&h=512 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1536&h=1024 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=675&h=450 675w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=990&h=660 990w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=600&h=400 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1254&h=836 1254w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1035&h=690 1035w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=324&h=216 324w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=606&h=404 606w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1341&h=894 1341w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1128&h=752 1128w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1041&h=694 1041w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1440&h=960 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=50&h=33 50w" imagesizes="(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="preconnect" href="//fonts.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="//fonts.gstatic.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s.skimresources.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//static.chartbeat.com" /> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { /** CONFIGURATION START **/ var _sf_async_config = window._sf_async_config = (window._sf_async_config || {}); _sf_async_config.uid = '59650'; _sf_async_config.domain = 'popsci.com'; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.useCanonicalDomain = true; _sf_async_config.sections = 'Conservation,Environment'; _sf_async_config.authors = 'Matt Hongoltz-Hetling'; /** CONFIGURATION END **/ function loadChartbeat() { var e = document.createElement('script'); var n = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; e.type = 'text/javascript'; e.async = true; e.src = '//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'; n.parentNode.insertBefore(e, n); } loadChartbeat(); })(); </script>   <title>How to convince Americans to eat invasive species | Popular Science</title> <meta name="description" content="Invasive species have an appetite for destruction. But so do humans. Why not eat the weeds and critters to control them?" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Welcome to invasivorism, the boldest solution to ethical eating yet" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Invasive species have an appetite for destruction. But so do humans. Why not eat the weeds and critters to control them?" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Popular Science" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/PopSci/" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2000" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1333" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Matt Hongoltz-Hetling" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@popsci" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@popsci" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Matt Hongoltz-Hetling" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="14 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/"},"author":[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.popsci.com#/schema/person/8c1587d604165054a782f285d0828fb2","name":"Matt Hongoltz-Hetling","description":"","url":"https://www.popsci.com/authors/matt-hongoltz-hetling/","image":"","sameAs":[]}],"headline":"Welcome to invasivorism, the boldest solution to ethical eating yet","datePublished":"2021-12-07T10:16:02-05:00","dateModified":"2021-12-07T10:16:11-05:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/"},"wordCount":3017,"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85","keywords":["Extinction","food","invasive species","Membership","taste"],"articleSection":["Conservation","Environment"],"inLanguage":"en-US","ArticleBody":"THE DINING ROOM at Juniper Bar and Restaurant in Burlington is about as bespoke as one would expect from a woodsy Vermont establishment. Ferns top tables carved at a nearby tree farm, while granite slabs hewn from a local quarry tile the walls. Even the floorboards come from a reclaimed New England barn.\n\nThen there’s the food. As staff scramble to serve plates of pastured lamb lasagna and birch-syrup-drizzled pistachio hummus, executive chef Doug Paine watches quietly, a calm island in a hectic sea, to ensure that each morsel of porchetta and dab of aioli meets his standard of “fresh and local.”\n\nFew diners realize, though, that when they lift a forkful of Paine’s salad, the peppery bite in the dressing comes from chopped sprigs of garlic mustard. The quick-growing European weed is notorious for pushing into Vermont forest understories and lacing the soil with a chemical that prevents native plants from germinating. On the other hand, it’s tasty, which prompted Paine to join a boundary-pushing trend that combines ethical eating with invasive-species warfare.\n\nIt’s a conflict humans brought upon themselves. Whether it’s raccoon-size rodents called nutria using massive chompers to clear-cut Louisiana marshes into mud flats or shrubby Japanese knotweed smothering local flora up and down the East Coast, there are thousands of examples with people thoughtlessly introducing a species into a new environment, then battling to bring it under control. Invasives have cost the world an estimated $1.3 trillion by ruining agricultural yields, undermining tourism, and hurting public health over the past half century. Even worse, these outlaws are responsible for roughly a third of extinctions over the past 500 years, including, in 2021, the loss of the Maui ʻākepa bird and a Hawaiian variety of flowering mint. There are now 4,300 nonnative types of wildlife in the United States destructive enough for conservationists to label them as invasive.\n\nThe bold idea to eat them out of existence occurred to conservation biologist Joe Roman 20 years ago, when he developed the concept of invasivorism. Back then, it was considered more a topic for quirky cocktail conversation than a serious scientific discussion. Over time, however, Roman, based at the University of Vermont, has watched the stars align, with research and chefs like Paine advancing the practice, and individuals in general taking an interest in the ecological consequences of their gustatory habits.\n\n“We‘re on the very edge of when this idea takes off,” Roman says.\n\n[Related: Citizen scientists make great invasive-species detectives]\n\nLike any chef worth their sea salt, Paine was acutely aware of trends in ethical dining. He saw that the granola-and-arugula-crunching crowds of Vermont particularly valued eco-friendly choices: Here, eating is about sustaining the land as much as it is about sustaining the body. Paine says the tiny, rural state “is among the world leaders of locavore cuisine” with its high density of vibrant farmers markets. The Union of Concerned Scientists ranked it first in the nation for its local food infrastructure—and that was before the state implemented a $500,000 program to pay public schools to put more community agricultural products into student lunches. Paine experienced this ethos firsthand during a childhood filled with gardening and rambling hikes in the woods. By the time he came into his own as a chef, using foraged and regionally sourced ingredients was second nature.\n\nPaine’s vision of sustainable food gained a new dimension in 2017, when one of his suppliers, shrimp farmer and marine biologist John Brawley, approached him with an unusual request. He needed someone to cater an invasivore-themed lunch for a class Joe Roman was teaching at the University of Vermont.\n\nInspired, Paine started involving Juniper Bar and Restaurant in the invasive-species cooking experiment. It was surprisingly easy, he explains: He would occasionally slip 5 or 10 pounds of an exotic ingredient into the dinner service by, say, blending mild yet tangy bishop’s weed into a soup or making tart Japanese knotweed shoots into a sorbet.\n\n\t\t\t\t\tLeft to right: Preparing garlic, butter, and parsley to sauté exotic periwinkle snails; a pour of dry hard cider in the steaming shellfish forms the base of the sauce. Photos: Christina Holmes\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\nAs he thinks back on those recipes from the past five years, Paine walks into a large cooler behind the kitchen that holds neatly labeled containers of radishes, slaw, hummus, peppers, and a smattering of invasives. Sometimes there’s a 5-gallon bucket of European green crabs waiting to be turned into a delicate bisque. Or maybe periwinkle snails that Paine treats like escargot—boiled, pried out of their shells with a toothpick, and centered on a plate swimming with garlic-infused butter.\n\nOne species he longs to add to his menu is the sea lamprey, a slimy, eel-like infiltrator that uses a circle of monstrous teeth to suck out the bodily fluids of its scaled prey. Within decades of being accidentally introduced to some of the Great Lakes in 1919, the Atlantic and Mediterranean migrant was destroying commercial angling of trout and walleye in the region. It also likely caused the extinction of three endemic fishes: the longjaw cisco, deepwater cisco, and blackfin cisco. But Paine, and chefs with a similar eat-’em-to-beat-’em spirit, see pickled, smoked, and beer-battered promise in the devil’s flesh.\n\nTHE MODERN NOTION of invasivorism was born from a tizzy over the European green crab, a palm-size crustacean so successful at stuffing mussels, clams, and scallops into its tooth-lined stomach that it cost American fisheries nearly a billion dollars in lost revenue between 1975 and 2000.\n\nThe year 2000 also marked when Roman set out to decipher how, precisely, the crab had made the leap from European waters to North America’s Eastern Seaboard. He soon found himself elbow deep in a chilly Nova Scotia tidal pool, pulling dozens of slimy, pinching scuttlers out of the salt water for DNA analysis. “It was a great gig,” he recounts.\n\nAs Roman worked, he was distracted by another man just yards away removing handfuls of another European shellfish, the common periwinkle, which is problematic because it outcompetes native snails and carries nasty parasitic flatworms.\n\nIt’s not every day that one guy collecting invasive aquatic animals from tidal pools bumps into another, so Roman struck up a conversation. He learned the man was selling the periwinkles to fish markets that supplied large cities such as Boston and New York. The encounter gave Roman the idea of drawing a direct line between green crabs and Earth’s ultimate apex predator: humans.\n\n“As a conservation biologist, most of my time was spent telling people not to harvest,” Roman says, “but here was a case where I could tell people to harvest as much as they wanted.”\n\nHead spinning, Roman went home and wrote a seminal article that was published in Audubon magazine in 2004. “Just look at our track record: Atlantic cod, bison, right whales, and Pismo clams have all but disappeared due to our voracious demand,” he noted. He urged everyone to turn this avarice against invaders with advice like “Instead of dressing your yard with herbicides, you might want to consider balsamic vinaigrette.” He also published a handful of easy recipes to get readers started.\n\nThen he sat back and waited for the world to recognize the solution he had presented. It was a long wait. “The response was crickets,” Roman says. “And not invasive crickets.”\n\n\t\t\t\t\tLeft to right: Periwinkles steaming in sauce; wild boar seasoned with Japanese barberry, an invasive plant on the East Coast. Photos: Christina Holmes\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\nBy 2010, the economic impact of invasives in North America alone had grown to $26 billion per year. In the Florida Everglades, Burmese pythons had squeezed up to 99 percent of native populations of deer, bobcats, and raccoons out of existence; in Michigan, emerald ash borers had felled tens of millions of ash trees; and in the Chesapeake Bay, wriggling snakehead fish could have crowded out their neighbors.\n\nRoman decided to make his appeal for invasivorism another way. That year, he started a website, EatTheInvaders.org, to try to convert foodies with an appetite for the unusual into believers. His weapon? Visions of plates piled high with periwinkle fritters and European crabcakes.\n\nNO MATTER HIS AUDIENCE, Roman always came back to the argument that invasivorism could turn unwanted mountains of exotics into manageable molehills. He likens it to biologists killing off caterpillar populations in an area by releasing hordes of predatory wasps. “It’s a form of biological control,” he says. “It’s just using us instead of an insect.”\n\nBut he acknowledges that not all scientists agree with him. Daniel Simberloff, a conservation biologist with the University of Tennessee, blasted invasivorism for its potential to unintentionally perpetuate the presence of the very species it is meant to eradicate.\n\n“Creating a market engenders pressure to maintain that problematic species,” Simberloff and his co-authors wrote in Conservation Letters in 2012. In other words, building demand for invasives on consumers’ plates might actually encourage their persistence in the long term.\n\nSimberloff’s paper rekindled the debate over invasivorism within the conservation community. That led two biologists, Susan Pasko and Jason Goldberg, who both now work for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, to seek answers. “We wanted to bring some objective data and science to the argument,” Goldberg says.\n\nIn their paper, published in 2014 in the journal Management of Biological Invasions, they reviewed programs that incentivized harvests with bounties and other rewards and searched for commonalities among successes and failures. They compiled 11 recommendations for wielding invasivorism as a strategy. For example, one needs to know the minimum viable population of a species and put in place controls to ensure that it isn’t immediately reintroduced.\n\nThey learned that, as with most unwanted things, prevention is the best and cheapest way to keep invasives out of an ecosystem. But once that fails, they found harvest incentives have real potential.\n\n“We look at it as another tool to manage invasive species, and like any other tool, it is something that needs to be carefully planned,” Pasko says. “Are you going for complete eradication or just focusing on managing populations in high-priority areas?” However, the study warned that even light predation by humans could stimulate biological overcompensation, similar to when damaged plants rebound by producing more seeds, or coyotes react to culls by having large litters.\n\nGoldberg and Pasko agree that invasivorism’s ability to capture the public imagination has been a big boon. “Eight years ago, when we wrote that paper, even my family barely knew what an invasive was,” Pasko says.\n\nThe bold idea to eat invasive species out of existence occurred to Joe Roman 20 years ago, when he developed the concept of invasivorism.\n\nRoman calls their work an important step forward and key to incorporating invasivorism into conservation policies. The research also led to more practical ideas about how harvesting can work.\n\nIn 2019, Jesse Bull Saffeir drew on Goldberg and Pasko’s work to propose a set of criteria to determine if a region’s invasives would make good targets. Saffeir, then an enterprising study-abroad student focused on climate change and food security in Iceland, concluded that four of the island nation’s 19 recognized invasives—the rock crab, European flounder, brown shrimp, and European rabbit—would be ideal candidates for culling, because, among other things, they are easily harvested and have a high population density. On the industrial side, she found there must be an existing commercial infrastructure that can be easily repurposed to the task: say an existing fishing industry that could be nudged into pursuing an invasive so a new fleet doesn’t have to be built for the job.\n\nGiven those factors, it’s easy to see why the lionfish, a Pacific looker with a mohawk of poisonous spikes, has been invasivorism’s most brilliant success. In the 1990s, it began eating its way through the native inhabitants of coastal reefs in the Southeast US and the Caribbean. Once Jamaican fishermen learned to handle it safely and bring it to market, lionfish sightings in that region declined by two-thirds. Meanwhile, in the Bahamas, native reef fish rebounded.\n\n\t\t\t\t\tLeft to right: A demiglace sauce made from barberries as well; Paine roasts sunchokes, a tuber, to pair with the boar; dry rubbed and cooked to perfection, the ribs are ready to cut. Photos: Christina Holmes\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\nState officials hope that incentive programs can work on a small scale too. In Vermont, they’ve distributed invasivespecies recipes and encouraged elementary school students to turn garlic mustard into pesto. In 2020, Colorado anglers were handed $20 per northern pike. And the Idaho Fish and Game Commission created a system for culling unwelcome rainbow trout by implanting microscopic coded tags inside some individuals’ noses; anglers who snag one can win $50 to $1,000.\n\nHowever, Saffeir also identified the nonnegotiable baseline in determining whether the human appetite can be harnessed for ecological virtue: The fugitive flora or fauna must taste good.\n\nFROM THE START, Roman touted invasivorism by coupling his message with how-tos. He wanted people to see nutria as not just a swamp rodent but also a potential egg roll ingredient. It remained a hard sell.\n\nAnd so, as the years passed, he began collaborating with professional cooks, who proved far better at dressing up invasives as culinary delights. “I’m a biologist,” Roman points out. “If I tell you crabs are delicious, you’re unlikely to listen to me. But if you go to a restaurant and Chef Bun serves you this, that’s probably the best way to convince you.”\n\nThat would be Bun Lai, a sushi artist in Connecticut who was already making his mark as a leader of the ethical dining movement when he and Roman teamed up for some high-profile invasivorism projects. In the fall of 2014, the pair served wild boar and Asian shore crabs to other interested experts and foodies from around the world at the Chefs Collaborative Sustainable Food Summit in Boulder, Colorado.\n\nLai’s ability to consistently turn the abstract idea of invasivorism into a real-life mainstay of high-concept menus has made him a celebrity chef and netted him the 2016 White House Champion of Change Award for Sustainable Seafood.\n\nIn 2020, he closed his restaurant, Miya’s Sushi, in favor of pop-ups, catering, and “restorative eating experiences” at his farm, at prices of up to $425 per person. A meal might start with slivers of cannonball jellyfish (Lai says their population has exploded along the Georgia coast due to climate change and ocean acidification) and Florida lionfish sashimi with Kiribati sea salt; main courses include Asian shore crab (overwhelming native mud crabs in Chesapeake Bay since the 1980s) seasoned with invasive plants and gyoza dumplings stuffed with wild boar (from Texas, where their crimes include gobbling up endangered sea turtles). All this might be capped off with mochi ice cream flavored with a plant harvested from Lai’s property: mugwort (known for copious amounts of allergy-triggering pollen and an aggressive underground root system that shoulders aside native plants).\n\nLai is full of the virtues of invasivorism, which he argues has crucial benefits for the planet. Substituting wild boar and nutria for beef lowers greenhouse gases, he says, while eating weeds reduces the need for the 5 billion pounds of harmful pesticides and herbicides used globally each year.\n\nHe says there are real signs that the movement is reaching critical mass. A few years ago, he couldn’t source any invasive species from supply chains. But a combination of public awareness, government support, and market interest has made it possible for people curious about cooking and eating undesirables to overcome logistical barriers. A key breakthrough happened when Lai successfully lobbied the Monterey Bay Aquarium to recommend lionfish and blue catfish on its influential ethical sourcing list, Seafood Watch. Today, he can easily procure these, as well as silver carp from Kentucky.\n\nThe change isn’t limited to restaurant supply chains. In 2016, grocery giants Whole Foods, Wegmans, and Publix began offering lionfish, promoting it along with recipes for coconut curry. Dog-treat companies are incorporating nutria and Asian carp into their regular offerings.\n\nUltimately, the success of the invasivore movement relies on eaters who are willing to seek out sustainably sourced food, whether at restaurants or for their own kitchens. Vermont’s conversion to that ethos is on full display among a robust community of foragers whose Facebook page boasts 11,400 members. If Lai is making waves at the haute cuisine end of the locavore spectrum, these folks are making a splash at the other end, where everyday people are turning nature’s invasive bounty into home-cooked dishes.\n\n[Related: How to forage your way through your neighborhood]\n\nEven as Chef Paine navigates meal prep at Juniper, longtime forager Melanie Brotz can be found at nearby Callahan Park, picking her way through more than 60 species of edibles, including Japanese knotweed, which she describes as resembling “a really chunky asparagus.” She sometimes sees it hawked at local farmers markets for more than $12 a pound.\n\n“Eating food closest to how you would find it growing is the healthiest thing to do,” says Brotz, a registered dietitian. She hopes to organize a local invasivore festival featuring recipe contests and tastings.\n\nRoman has noticed the trend flourishing in tandem with the forager community. As that momentum has built, it has been matched by a burgeoning body of academic research and commercial interest, an emerging network of interested culinary experts, and mounting numbers of government-funded bounty and harvest campaigns. It all adds up to an idea that’s creeping in from the fringes.\n\nNow that he’s comfortable cooking invasives, Paine says his own enthusiasm, and that of his invasivore diners, isn’t likely to diminish anytime soon. He sees the movement growing.\n\n“It can be scaled up,” he says. “If you think about truffles or wild fish, all those markets have been developed over time. I think invasives can find that same path.”\n\n\t\t\t\t\tThe finished boar, barberry, and sunchoke dish, ready to be scarfed up. Photo: Christina Holmes\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\nThis story originally ran in the Winter 2021 Taste issue of PopSci. Read more PopSci+ stories.","isAccessibleForFree":"False","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":"False","cssSelector":".paywall"}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/","url":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/","name":"How to convince Americans to eat invasive species | Popular Science","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85","datePublished":"2021-12-07T10:16:02-05:00","dateModified":"2021-12-07T10:16:11-05:00","description":"Invasive species have an appetite for destruction. But so do humans. Why not eat the weeds and critters to control them?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85","contentUrl":"https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85","width":2000,"height":1333,"caption":"Executive chef Doug Paine prepares a dinner filled with invasive species at the Juniper Bar and Restaurant in Burlington, Vermont. The options range based on which ingredients he can source at the moment. On this October day, it was periwinkle snails, local bread, and dry cider."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":"https://www.popsci.com/category/environment/","description":"The changes and wonders of the natural world—and how human interaction influences animals, the ocean, and the rest of the environment.","name":"Environment"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":"https://www.popsci.com/category/conservation/","description":"Protecting natural resources—from sea to sky—is about much more than planting a few trees.","name":"Conservation"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Welcome to invasivorism, the boldest solution to ethical eating yet"}],"numberOfItems":3,"itemListOrder":"Ascending","@context":"https://schema.org"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/#website","url":"https://www.popsci.com/","name":"Popular Science","description":"Awe-inspiring science reporting, technology news, and DIY projects. Skunks to space robots, primates to climates. That's Popular Science, 150 years strong.","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/#organization"},"alternateName":"PopSci","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/#organization","name":"Popular Science","alternateName":"PopSci","url":"https://www.popsci.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/06/pop-sci-logo-default.jpg?quality=85","contentUrl":"https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/06/pop-sci-logo-default.jpg?quality=85","width":2000,"height":1200,"caption":"Popular Science"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/PopSci/","https://x.com/popsci"],"publishingPrinciples":"https://www.popsci.com/editorial-standards/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.popsci.com#/schema/person/8c1587d604165054a782f285d0828fb2","name":"Matt Hongoltz-Hetling","description":"","url":"https://www.popsci.com/authors/matt-hongoltz-hetling/","image":"","sameAs":[]}]}</script>  <meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-12-07T10:16:02-05:00" /> <meta name="article:modified_time" content="2021-12-07T10:16:11-05:00" /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ak.sail-horizon.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0' href='https://www.popsci.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?m=1739294329g' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='acf-membership-table-block-style-inline-css'> .MembershipTable { border: none; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 100px 30px !important; width: 100%; } @media (min-width: 1024px) { .MembershipTable { max-width: 1020px; } } .MembershipTable > ul { align-items: stretch; display: grid; grid-gap: 30px; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; list-style: none; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 0 0 0; } .MembershipTable .Membership { background-color: #FFF; border-radius: 10px; margin-top: 30px; list-style: none; } .MembershipTable .Membership.Membership-isBest { box-shadow: 0px 4px 9px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4); margin-top: 0; } .MembershipTable .Membership .Membership-inner { align-items: flex-start; display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; padding: 49px 28px 24px; } .MembershipTable .Membership.Membership-isBest .Membership-inner { height: calc(100% - 30px); } .Membership-inner > * { width: 100%; } .Membership-inner ul, .Membership-inner ol { margin-left: 0; padding-left: 20px; } .Membership-inner ul li { list-style: disc; } .Membership-inner ol li { list-style: decimal; } .Membership-inner ul li, .Membership-inner ol li { padding-bottom: 1em; } .Membership-bestLable { background-color: #61A0F8; border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0; color: #FFF; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0 0; text-align: center; width: 100%; } .Membership-heading { border-bottom: 1px solid #000; padding: 0 0 12px; } .Membership-heading .title { display: block; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1em; margin: 0 0 7px; } .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .Membership-heading p { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 200; line-height: 1em; margin: 0 0 10px; font-family: neue-haas-grotesk-display-thin, sans-serif; } .MembershipTable .Membership-content, .MembershipTable .Membership-highlighted, .MembershipTable .MembershipDetail-accordion { flex-grow: 1; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 450; line-height: 1.1em; padding: 24px 0; } .MembershipTable .Membership-highlighted { padding: 25px 0; } .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .Membership-content *, .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .Membership-highlighted *, .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .MembershipDetail-accordion * { line-height: 1.1em; } .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .Membership-highlighted p, .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .MembershipDetail-accordion p, .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .Membership-highlighted li, .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .MembershipDetail-accordion li { padding-bottom: 1em; margin-block-start: 0; margin-block-end: 0; } .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .Membership-highlighted p:last-child, .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .MembershipDetail-accordion p:last-child, .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .Membership-highlighted li:last-child, .MembershipTable .Membership-inner .MembershipDetail-accordion li:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; } .MembershipTable a.Membership-button { display: inline-block; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 0.1em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 12px 18px; } body:not(.home) #page .page-content .entry-content .MembershipTable a.Membership-button { text-decoration-line: none; } .MembershipTable .Membership-example { color: #61A0F8; display: block; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 500; text-decoration-line: underline; } .MembershipTable .Membership-highlighted { display: none; } .MembershipTable .MembershipDetail-accordion { display: block; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; transition: all linear .2s; padding: 0 0; } .Membership .MembershipDetail-button, .Membership .MembershipDetail-button:hover { color: #000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; } .Membership .MembershipDetail-button .less, .Membership .MembershipDetail-button .more { text-decoration: underline; } .Membership-details { display: none; padding: 16px 0 0 0; } .Membership-details .less, .Membership-details.open .more { text-decoration: underline; display: none; } .MembershipDetail-button:after { border: solid #000; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 6px; margin: 0 0 0 5px; position: relative; top: -2px; transform: rotate(45deg); width: 6px; transition: all linear .3s; } .Membership-details.open .MembershipDetail-button:after { transform: rotate(225deg); top: 0; } .Membership-details.open .less { display: inline-block; } .Membership-details.open .MembershipDetail-accordion { height: 100%; padding: 24px 0 0; } @media (max-width: 1024px) { .Membership-inner { padding: 49px 20px 16px; } } @media (max-width: 800px) { .MembershipTable > ul { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .Membership { order: 1; } .MembershipTable .Membership.Membership-isBest { order: 0; box-shadow: none; } .Membership .Membership-content { display: none; } .Membership .Membership-details, .Membership .Membership-highlighted { display: block; } } @media (max-width: 664px) { .Membership-heading { padding: 0 0 15px; } .MembershipTable .Membership .Membership-inner { padding: 50px 30px 25px; } .MembershipTable .Membership-button { font-weight: 500; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1em; padding: 16px 23px; } } </style> <style id='recurrent-newsletter-email-style-inline-css'> .newsletter-signup-form-wrapper { position: relative; } .newsletter-signup-success { display: none; position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } .newsletter-signup-form-wrapper button[disabled] { cursor: not-allowed; } </style> <style id='acf-newsletter-review-style-inline-css'> .NewsletterReviews-block { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } .NewsletterReviews-block .NewsletterReviews-title { border-bottom: 1px solid #000; display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.01em; line-height: 1em; padding: 0 5px 10px; margin: 0 0 50px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .NewsletterReviews-wrapper { min-height: 300px; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; transition: height ease .3s; } .NewsletterReviews-list { align-items: start; display: flex; transform: translateX(0%); transition: all ease .2s; } body.page .entry-content .NewsletterReviews-block ul.NewsletterReviews-indicators, body.page .entry-content .NewsletterReviews-block ul.NewsletterReviews-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; } body.page .entry-content .NewsletterReviews-block .NewsletterReviews-indicators li, body.page .entry-content .NewsletterReviews-block .NewsletterReviews-list li { list-style: none; } .NewsletterReview { align-items: center; display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-right: 30px; min-height: 300px; min-width: 100%; padding: 0; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-content { align-items: center; background: #fff; border-radius: 10px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-items: center; margin-top: 40px; max-width: 540px; min-height: 195px; padding: 60px 30px 40px; position: relative; width: 100%; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-content.noPicture { margin-top: 0px; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-figure { border-radius: 100%; height: 80px; left: calc(50% - 40px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: -40px; width: 80px; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-figure img { aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; height: 100%; width: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top center; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-testimonial { padding-bottom: 15px; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-testimonial, .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-testimonial * { font-size: 35px; font-weight: 450; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1em; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-signature { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 450; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1em; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-signature > p:first-child, .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-testimonial > p:first-child { margin-top: 0; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-signature > p:last-child, .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-testimonial > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } body.page .entry-content .NewsletterReviews-block ul.NewsletterReviews-indicators { display: flex; flex-direction: row; gap: 10px; position: relative; padding-top: 50px; } .NewsletterReviews-indicators li { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #000; border-radius: 10px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 10px; width: 10px; } .NewsletterReviews-indicators li.current { background-color: #000; content: ''; cursor: inherit; left: 0; position: absolute; transition: left ease .2s; } .NewsletterReviews-indicators li.current { background-color: #000; } @media (max-width: 664px) { .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-content { padding: 65px 22px 40px; } .NewsletterReview .NewsletterReview-testimonial { font-size: 30px; } } </style> <style id='safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css'> .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12' href='https://www.popsci.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpobWxpZmhgbGwAAROEu5A==' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}.wp-block-pullquote{--wp--preset--font-size--regular: 1rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 2.5rem;}.wp-block-quote{--wp--preset--font-size--regular: 1rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 2.5rem;}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 1024px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1280px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.wp-block-pullquote.has-regular-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--regular) !important;}.wp-block-pullquote.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.wp-block-quote.has-regular-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--regular) !important;}.wp-block-quote.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-16' href='https://www.popsci.com/_static/??-eJyVy8EKgCAQBNAfypaSiA7Rt4huKagtu0q/n3Xt1GkG5g1cpOyZC+YCNoYWKlVFsR4hCzDayvxsLkgDIiDeMLq+1Q7+fnd+9fddPCYUoJPEhpcaokdtaR1mveh5GvV0AyGTP50=' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Barlow+Condensed%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C100%3B0%2C200%3B0%2C300%3B0%2C400%3B0%2C500%3B0%2C600%3B0%2C700%3B0%2C800%3B0%2C900%3B1%2C100%3B1%2C200%3B1%2C300%3B1%2C400%3B1%2C500%3B1%2C600%3B1%2C700%3B1%2C800%3B1%2C900&display=swap&ver=0.1.0" as="style" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-barlow-condensed-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Barlow+Condensed%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C100%3B0%2C200%3B0%2C300%3B0%2C400%3B0%2C500%3B0%2C600%3B0%2C700%3B0%2C800%3B0%2C900%3B1%2C100%3B1%2C200%3B1%2C300%3B1%2C400%3B1%2C500%3B1%2C600%3B1%2C700%3B1%2C800%3B1%2C900&display=swap&ver=0.1.0' media="none" onload="this.media='all'" /> <style id='font-barlow-condensed-inline-css'> @font-face { font-family: "Barlow Condensed fallback"; src: local("Arial"); size-adjust: 78%; ascent-override: 130%; descent-override: 26%; line-gap-override: 0%; } </style> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter%3Awght%40100..900&display=swap&ver=0.1.0" as="style" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-inter-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter%3Awght%40100..900&display=swap&ver=0.1.0' media="none" onload="this.media='all'" /> <style id='font-inter-inline-css'> @font-face { font-family: "Inter fallback"; src: local("Arial"); size-adjust: 107.0596%; ascent-override: 90.4869%; descent-override: 22.5554%; line-gap-override: 0%; } </style> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Mono%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C100%3B0%2C200%3B0%2C300%3B0%2C400%3B0%2C500%3B0%2C600%3B0%2C700%3B1%2C100%3B1%2C200%3B1%2C300%3B1%2C400%3B1%2C500%3B1%2C600%3B1%2C700&display=swap&ver=0.1.0" as="style" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-ibm-plex-mono-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Mono%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C100%3B0%2C200%3B0%2C300%3B0%2C400%3B0%2C500%3B0%2C600%3B0%2C700%3B1%2C100%3B1%2C200%3B1%2C300%3B1%2C400%3B1%2C500%3B1%2C600%3B1%2C700&display=swap&ver=0.1.0' media="none" onload="this.media='all'" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-22' href='https://www.popsci.com/_static/??/wp-content/plugins/sailthru-widget/css/widget.subscribe.css,/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/recurrent/dist/css/lightbox.css?m=1739341326' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/themes/recurrent-base/blocks/newsletter-email/script.js?m=1738012914g" ></script><script src='//ak.sail-horizon.com/spm/spm.v1.min.js?ver=6.7.2' type='text/javascript' async></script><script type="text/javascript" id="tag-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var tag = {"options":{"customerId":"ccaf81872e9b2646fb1597cb5ec7498f"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.popsci.com/_static/??-eJyVjMEKAjEMRH/INqwVxYP4Ld1uqCltXJuEZf/eFT14EoSBN4c3A8vsiFO1CQXKlodhXz/wjdgX2cEvyTXKPSp+y+nOiqwwV8vEAhKp6q2bW2jKqK8PjfkP+9282Cip04jb9Nouwymcw2EI+2N5Arg/Sik=" ></script>  <meta name="sailthru.date" content="2021-12-07 10:16:02" /> <meta name="sailthru.title" content="Welcome to invasivorism, the boldest solution to ethical eating yet" /> <meta name="sailthru.tags" content="Extinction,food,invasive species,Membership,taste,Conservation,Environment,popsci" /> <meta name="sailthru.author" content="Matt Hongoltz-Hetling" /> <meta name="sailthru.description" content="Invasive species have an appetite for destruction. But so do humans. Why not eat the weeds and critters to control them?" /> <meta name="sailthru.image.full" content="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85" /> <meta name="sailthru.image.thumb" content="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85&w=50" />   <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <script type="text/javascript">var sailthru_vars = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}</script><script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"event":"pageview","Author":"Matt Hongoltz-Hetling","CMS Tags":"Extinction, food, invasive species, Membership, taste","CMS Title":"Welcome to invasivorism, the boldest solution to ethical eating yet","Canonical URL":"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/environment\/eating-invasive-species\/","Categories":"Conservation, Environment","Content Types":"Membership, News, Non-Evergreen","Excerpt":"Invasive species have an appetite for destruction. But so do humans. Why not eat the weeds and critters to control them?","Internal Tags":"","Meta Description":"Invasive species have an appetite for destruction. But so do humans. Why not eat the weeds and critters to control them?","Meta Robots":"index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1","Modified Date":"2021-12-07T10:16:11-05:00","Permalink":"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/environment\/eating-invasive-species\/","Primary Category":"Environment","Published Date":"2021-12-07T10:16:02-05:00","SEO Title":"How to convince Americans to eat invasive species | Popular Science","Summary":"Invasive species have an appetite for destruction. But so do humans. Why not eat the weeds and critters to control them?","account":"Popular Science","article_id":414384,"article_length":"3017 words","article_name":"Welcome to invasivorism, the boldest solution to ethical eating yet","contributors":"","pageLocation":"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/environment\/eating-invasive-species\/","pageReferrer":"","pageType":"post","reading_time":"14 min.","userId":null,"userType":"Guest"}); </script> <meta name="taxonomy:content-type-1-group" content="Membership" /> <meta name="taxonomy:content-type-2-page-type" content="News" /> <meta name="taxonomy:content-type-3-timeframe" content="Non-Evergreen" /> <meta name="taxonomy:category" content="Conservation, Environment" /> <meta name="taxonomy:tags" content="Extinction, food, invasive species, Membership, taste" /> <meta name="category:primary-category" content="Environment" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.popsci.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.popsci.com/category/conservation/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.popsci.com/category/environment/feed/" />  <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MKVW68D'); </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-favicon-ps-FE5102-1.png?quality=85&w=32" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-favicon-ps-FE5102-1.png?quality=85&w=192" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-favicon-ps-FE5102-1.png?quality=85&w=180" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-favicon-ps-FE5102-1.png?quality=85&w=270" />  <script>"use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r<t;r++)n[r]=arguments[r];if(!n.length)return o;"setGdprApplies"===n[0]?n.length>3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}();</script> <script>window.__gpp_addFrame=function(e){if(!window.frames[e])if(document.body){var t=document.createElement("iframe");t.style.cssText="display:none",t.name=e,document.body.appendChild(t)}else window.setTimeout(window.__gpp_addFrame,10,e)},window.__gpp_stub=function(){var e=arguments;if(__gpp.queue=__gpp.queue||[],__gpp.events=__gpp.events||[],!e.length||1==e.length&&"queue"==e[0])return __gpp.queue;if(1==e.length&&"events"==e[0])return __gpp.events;var t=e[0],p=e.length>1?e[1]:null,s=e.length>2?e[2]:null;if("ping"===t)p({gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:["2:tcfeuv2","5:tcfcav1","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:uscav1","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"],cmpId:0,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}},!0);else if("addEventListener"===t){"lastId"in __gpp||(__gpp.lastId=0),__gpp.lastId++;var n=__gpp.lastId;__gpp.events.push({id:n,callback:p,parameter:s}),p({eventName:"listenerRegistered",listenerId:n,data:!0,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:["2:tcfeuv2","5:tcfcav1","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:uscav1","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"],cmpId:0,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else if("removeEventListener"===t){for(var a=!1,i=0;i<__gpp.events.length;i++)if(__gpp.events[i].id==s){__gpp.events.splice(i,1),a=!0;break}p({eventName:"listenerRemoved",listenerId:s,data:a,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:["2:tcfeuv2","5:tcfcav1","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:uscav1","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"],cmpId:0,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else"hasSection"===t?p(!1,!0):"getSection"===t||"getField"===t?p(null,!0):__gpp.queue.push([].slice.apply(e))},window.__gpp_msghandler=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data;try{var p=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){p=null}if("object"==typeof p&&null!==p&&"__gppCall"in p){var s=p.__gppCall;window.__gpp(s.command,(function(p,n){var a={__gppReturn:{returnValue:p,success:n,callId:s.callId}};e.source.postMessage(t?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),"parameter"in s?s.parameter:null,"version"in s?s.version:"1.1")}},"__gpp"in window&&"function"==typeof window.__gpp||(window.__gpp=window.__gpp_stub,window.addEventListener("message",window.__gpp_msghandler,!1),window.__gpp_addFrame("__gppLocator"));</script> <script> window._sp_queue = []; window._sp_ = { config: { accountId: 1965, baseEndpoint: 'https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com', usnat: {}, gdpr: {}, preferences: {}, events: { onMessageReady: function() { console.log('[event] onMessageReady', arguments); }, onMessageReceiveData: function() { console.log('[event] onMessageReceiveData', arguments); }, onSPPMObjectReady: function() { console.log('[event] onSPPMObjectReady', arguments); }, onSPReady: function() { console.log('[event] onSPReady', arguments); }, onError: function() { console.log('[event] onError', arguments); }, onMessageChoiceSelect: function() { console.log('[event] onMessageChoiceSelect', arguments); }, onConsentReady: function(consentUUID, euconsent) { console.log('[event] onConsentReady', arguments); }, onPrivacyManagerAction: function() { console.log('[event] onPrivacyManagerAction', arguments); }, onPMCancel: function() { console.log('[event] onPMCancel', arguments); } } } } </script> <script src='https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com/unified/wrapperMessagingWithoutDetection.js' async></script> </head> <body class="post-template post-template-templates post-template-featured post-template-templatesfeatured-php single single-post postid-414384 single-format-standard lightbox-enabled playwire-enabled">  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MKVW68D" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"> </iframe> </noscript>  <script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> window.ramp = window.ramp || {}; window.ramp.que = window.ramp.que || []; window.ramp.forcePath = "featured-article"; window.ramp.que.push(() => { window.ramp.setCustomGamKvs({ targeting_article: "414384", targeting_keyword: "conservation,extinction,food,invasive-species,membership,taste", targeting_section: "environment", url: "https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/", author: "Matt Hongoltz-Hetling" }); if (typeof initializeApstagWithDelay === 'function') { initializeApstagWithDelay(); } else { console.warn('loadAmazonNativeApstag function is not available.'); } }); </script>  <div id="page" class="flex flex-col"> <header class="site-header relative z-50 border-b-[3px] border-b-secondary-900" data-module="SiteHeader"> <div class="header-cols-wrapper container flex justify-between items-center py-5 gap-x-5" data-name="headerElsContainer"> <div class="header-left flex"> <button type="button" class="hamburger cursor-pointer lg:hidden" data-name="hamburgerButton" data-action="hamburgerClick" aria-label="Open Menu" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="w-6 bg-accent-900 mb-1 h-[3px]"></div> <div class="w-6 bg-accent-900 mb-1 h-[3px]"></div> <div class="w-6 bg-accent-900 h-[3px]"></div> </button> <div id="hamburger-menu-wrapper" class="menu-collapsed xl:hidden" aria-expanded="false" data-name="menuWrapper"> <div class="hamburger-menu-header pb-4 border-b-[1px] flex justify-between items-center"> <div class="hamburger-menu-actions flex"> <button class="text-primary [&>svg]:stroke-secondary-900 [&>svg]:fill-secondary-900 [&>svg]:w-[18px] [&>svg]:h-[18px]" data-name="closeButton" data-action="menuClose" aria-label="Close Menu"> <svg class="close-icon" viewBox="0 0 20 19" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M19.3327 2.04602L17.4527 0.166016L9.99935 7.61935L2.54602 0.166016L0.666016 2.04602L8.11935 9.49935L0.666016 16.9527L2.54602 18.8327L9.99935 11.3793L17.4527 18.8327L19.3327 16.9527L11.8793 9.49935L19.3327 2.04602Z" /> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="hamburger-menu-logo flex justify-center items-center"> <a class="block" href="/"> <img class="w-auto max-w-[250px] flex-shrink-1" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Nav-logo.svg?quality=85" alt="Popular Science Logo"> </a> </div> <div class="mobile-search-wrapper flex justify-end"> <div class="search-wrapper relative search-wrapper--hamburger"> <div class="search-form-wrapper absolute z-50 hidden" data-name="searchFormWrapperHamburger"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form relative" action="/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field rounded pr-9" value="" name="s"> </label> <button type="submit" class="search-submit w-5 h-5 absolute top-1/4 right-2 [&>svg]:fill-accent-900" aria-label="Search"> <svg class="search-icon" viewBox="0 0 48 47" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M33.8333 29.3333H31.7267L30.98 28.6133C33.5933 25.5733 35.1667 21.6267 35.1667 17.3333C35.1667 7.76 27.4067 0 17.8333 0C8.26 0 0.5 7.76 0.5 17.3333C0.5 26.9067 8.26 34.6667 17.8333 34.6667C22.1267 34.6667 26.0733 33.0933 29.1133 30.48L29.8333 31.2267V33.3333L43.1667 46.64L47.14 42.6667L33.8333 29.3333ZM17.8333 29.3333C11.1933 29.3333 5.83333 23.9733 5.83333 17.3333C5.83333 10.6933 11.1933 5.33333 17.8333 5.33333C24.4733 5.33333 29.8333 10.6933 29.8333 17.3333C29.8333 23.9733 24.4733 29.3333 17.8333 29.3333Z" /> </svg> </button> </form> </div> <button class="search-icon inline-block flex-shrink-0 w-5 h-5 relative top-1 [&>svg]:fill-accent-900" aria-label="Search this site" data-name="searchIcon" data-action="searchIconClick" data-location="hamburger"> <svg class="search-icon" viewBox="0 0 48 47" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M33.8333 29.3333H31.7267L30.98 28.6133C33.5933 25.5733 35.1667 21.6267 35.1667 17.3333C35.1667 7.76 27.4067 0 17.8333 0C8.26 0 0.5 7.76 0.5 17.3333C0.5 26.9067 8.26 34.6667 17.8333 34.6667C22.1267 34.6667 26.0733 33.0933 29.1133 30.48L29.8333 31.2267V33.3333L43.1667 46.64L47.14 42.6667L33.8333 29.3333ZM17.8333 29.3333C11.1933 29.3333 5.83333 23.9733 5.83333 17.3333C5.83333 10.6933 11.1933 5.33333 17.8333 5.33333C24.4733 5.33333 29.8333 10.6933 29.8333 17.3333C29.8333 23.9733 24.4733 29.3333 17.8333 29.3333Z" /> </svg> </button> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="hamburger-menu-nav" aria-label="Mobile navigation"> <ul id="menu-hamburger-menu" class="hamburger-menu mobile-menu"><li id="menu-item-617" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-617"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/science/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Science</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-448073" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448073"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/archaeology/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Archaeology</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-664946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-664946"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/ask-us-anything/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Ask Us Anything</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448075" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448075"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/biology/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Biology</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448076" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448076"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/dinosaurs/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Dinosaurs</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448077" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448077"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/physics/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Physics</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-623479" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-623479"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/popular-science-videos/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Popular Science Videos</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448078" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448078"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/space/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Space</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-623480" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-623480"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/weirdest-thing-i-learned-this-week/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">The Weirdest Thing I Learned This Week</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-618" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-618"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/technology/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Technology</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-448079" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448079"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/ai/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">AI</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448080" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448080"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/aviation/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Aviation</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-676316" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-676316"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/best-of-whats-new-2024/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Best of What’s New</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448081" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448081"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/engineering/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Engineering</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448082" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448082"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/internet/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Internet</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448083"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/military/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Military</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448084" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448084"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/robots/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Robots</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448086" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448086"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/security/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Security</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448087" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448087"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/vehicles/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Vehicles</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-574858" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-574858"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/photography/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Photography</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-143898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-143898"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/environment/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Environment</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-448088" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448088"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/agriculture/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Agriculture</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448089" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448089"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/animals/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Animals</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448090" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448090"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/climate-change/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Climate Change</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448091" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-448091"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/conservation/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Conservation</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448092" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448092"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/energy/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Energy</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448093" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448093"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/sustainability/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Sustainability</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448094" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448094"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/weather/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Weather</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-143894" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-143894"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/diy/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">DIY</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-448095" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448095"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/life-skills/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Life Skills</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448096" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448096"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/projects/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Projects</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448097" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448097"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/tech-hacks/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Tech Hacks</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-447761" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-447761"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gear/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Gear</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-448103" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448103"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/audio/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Audio</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448104" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448104"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/cameras/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Cameras</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448105"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/computers/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Computers</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448106"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/fitness-gear/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Fitness Gear</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448107"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gaming/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Gaming</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448108" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448108"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gift-guides/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Gift Guides</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448109"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/home/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Home</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448111" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448111"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/home-theater/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Home Theater</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448112" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448112"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/outdoor-gear/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Outdoor Gear</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448113" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448113"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/phones/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Phones</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448114" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448114"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/tablets/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Tablets</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448116" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448116"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/wearables/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Wearables</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-143899" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-143899"><a href="#"><span class="inline-block pr-2">More</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-627562" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-627562"><a href="https://link.popsci.com/join/79r/signup-popsci"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Newsletter</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-625613" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-625613"><a href="https://popularscienceprints.com/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Cover Art</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-625614" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-625614"><a href="https://store.popsci.com/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Store</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-143900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-143900"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/popular-science-podcasts/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Podcasts</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-143901" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-143901"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/popsci"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Video</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-613970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-613970"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/popsci-plus/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Popsci+</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-143905" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-has-children menu-item-143905"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">FIND US ON</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-440532" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-440532"><a href="#"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Social</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-143906" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-143906"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/PopSci"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Facebook</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-143907" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-143907"><a href="https://twitter.com/popsci"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Twitter</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-143908" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-143908"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/11270149/admin/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">LinkedIn</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-278100" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-278100"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/popsci/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Instagram</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-278099" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-278099"><a href="https://www.pinterest.com/popularscience/_created/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Pinterest</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-143909" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-143909"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/popsci"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Youtube</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-143910" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-143910"><a href="https://flipboard.com/@PopularScience"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Flipboard</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-143911" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-143911"><a href="https://apple.news/TJ5ys6tHgSHmIehniwAf7sA"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Apple News+</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-278109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-278109"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/feed/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">RSS</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <a href="/"> <img class="header-logo !w-hamburger-logo-mobile lg:!w-hamburger-logo flex-shrink-0 hidden lg:block" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Nav-logo.svg?quality=85" alt="Popular Science Logo" width="345" height="30" /> <img class="header-logo header-logo-mobile lg:hidden" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Popsci-nav-logo.svg?quality=85" alt="Popular Science Logo" width="345" height="30" /> </a> </div> <div class="header-right flex items-center justify-end gap-4 lg:gap-1"> <nav class="main-nav hidden lg:block bg-nav border-b border-nav-border text-body-copy" data-module="MainNav"> <div class="nav-menus-wrapper container flex items-center gap-x-5"> <ul id="menu-main-menu" class="main-menu nav-menu flex space-x-4 py-4"><li id="menu-item-143914" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-143914"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/science/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Science</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-447890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-447890"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/archaeology/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Archaeology</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-664945" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-664945"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/ask-us-anything/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Ask Us Anything</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448008" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448008"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/biology/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Biology</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448009" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448009"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/dinosaurs/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Dinosaurs</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448010" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448010"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/physics/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Physics</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-623477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-623477"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/popular-science-videos/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Popular Science Videos</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448011" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448011"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/space/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Space</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-623478" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-623478"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/weirdest-thing-i-learned-this-week/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">The Weirdest Thing I Learned This Week</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-447758" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-447758"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/technology/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Technology</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-447893" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-447893"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/ai/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">AI</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-447894" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-447894"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/aviation/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Aviation</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-676315" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-676315"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/best-of-whats-new-2024/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Best of What’s New</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448019" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448019"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/engineering/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Engineering</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448020" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448020"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/internet/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Internet</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448021" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448021"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/military/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Military</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448022" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448022"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/robots/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Robots</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448023" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448023"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/security/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Security</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448024" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448024"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/vehicles/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Vehicles</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-574857" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-574857"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/photography/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Photography</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-447759" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-447759"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/environment/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Environment</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-447896" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-447896"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/agriculture/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Agriculture</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-447897" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-447897"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/animals/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Animals</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448025" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448025"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/climate-change/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Climate Change</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448026" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-448026"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/conservation/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Conservation</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448027" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448027"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/energy/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Energy</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448028" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448028"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/sustainability/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Sustainability</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448029" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448029"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/weather/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Weather</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-143916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-143916"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/diy/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">DIY</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-448030" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448030"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/life-skills/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Life Skills</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448031"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/projects/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Projects</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448032" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448032"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/tech-hacks/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Tech Hacks</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-447757" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-447757"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gear/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Gear</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-448046" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448046"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/audio/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Audio</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448047" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448047"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/cameras/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Cameras</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448048" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448048"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/computers/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Computers</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448050" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448050"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/fitness-gear/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Fitness Gear</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448051" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448051"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gaming/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Gaming</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448052" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448052"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gift-guides/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Gift Guides</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448053" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448053"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/home/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Home</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448054" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448054"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/home-theater/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Home Theater</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448055" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448055"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/outdoor-gear/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Outdoor Gear</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448056" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448056"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/phones/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Phones</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448057" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448057"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/tablets/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Tablets</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-448058" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-448058"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/wearables/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Wearables</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-442535" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-442535"><a href="https://store.popsci.com/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">MERCH</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-625611" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-625611"><a href="https://popularscienceprints.com/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Cover Art</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-625612" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-625612"><a href="https://store.popsci.com/"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Store</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-627560" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-627560"><a href="https://link.popsci.com/join/79r/signup-popsci"><span class="font-bold uppercase font-primary">Newsletter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="search-wrapper relative search-wrapper--header"> <div class="search-form-wrapper absolute z-50 hidden" data-name="searchFormWrapperHeader"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form relative" action="/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field rounded pr-9" value="" name="s"> </label> <button type="submit" class="search-submit w-5 h-5 absolute top-1/4 right-2 [&>svg]:fill-accent-900" aria-label="Search"> <svg class="search-icon" viewBox="0 0 48 47" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M33.8333 29.3333H31.7267L30.98 28.6133C33.5933 25.5733 35.1667 21.6267 35.1667 17.3333C35.1667 7.76 27.4067 0 17.8333 0C8.26 0 0.5 7.76 0.5 17.3333C0.5 26.9067 8.26 34.6667 17.8333 34.6667C22.1267 34.6667 26.0733 33.0933 29.1133 30.48L29.8333 31.2267V33.3333L43.1667 46.64L47.14 42.6667L33.8333 29.3333ZM17.8333 29.3333C11.1933 29.3333 5.83333 23.9733 5.83333 17.3333C5.83333 10.6933 11.1933 5.33333 17.8333 5.33333C24.4733 5.33333 29.8333 10.6933 29.8333 17.3333C29.8333 23.9733 24.4733 29.3333 17.8333 29.3333Z" /> </svg> </button> </form> </div> <button class="search-icon inline-block flex-shrink-0 w-5 h-5 relative top-1 [&>svg]:fill-accent-900" aria-label="Search this site" data-name="searchIcon" data-action="searchIconClick" data-location="header"> <svg class="search-icon" viewBox="0 0 48 47" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M33.8333 29.3333H31.7267L30.98 28.6133C33.5933 25.5733 35.1667 21.6267 35.1667 17.3333C35.1667 7.76 27.4067 0 17.8333 0C8.26 0 0.5 7.76 0.5 17.3333C0.5 26.9067 8.26 34.6667 17.8333 34.6667C22.1267 34.6667 26.0733 33.0933 29.1133 30.48L29.8333 31.2267V33.3333L43.1667 46.64L47.14 42.6667L33.8333 29.3333ZM17.8333 29.3333C11.1933 29.3333 5.83333 23.9733 5.83333 17.3333C5.83333 10.6933 11.1933 5.33333 17.8333 5.33333C24.4733 5.33333 29.8333 10.6933 29.8333 17.3333C29.8333 23.9733 24.4733 29.3333 17.8333 29.3333Z" /> </svg> </button> </div> <ul class="header-socials hidden lg:flex items-center gap-4 mr-3 justify-center"> <li> <a class="flex items-center gap-1" href="https://www.facebook.com/PopSci" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook" target="_blank"> <div class="social-icon-wrapper w-5 h-5 flex flex-shrink-0 items-center text-accent-900 [&>svg]:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:stroke-accent-900"> <svg class="facebook-icon social-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path d="M452,0H60C26.916,0,0,26.916,0,60v392c0,33.084,26.916,60,60,60h392c33.084,0,60-26.916,60-60V60 C512,26.916,485.084,0,452,0z M472,452c0,11.028-8.972,20-20,20H338V309h61.79L410,247h-72v-43c0-16.975,13.025-30,30-30h41v-62 h-41c-50.923,0-91.978,41.25-91.978,92.174V247H216v62h60.022v163H60c-11.028,0-20-8.972-20-20V60c0-11.028,8.972-20,20-20h392 c11.028,0,20,8.972,20,20V452z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="social-count font-primary font-bold text-sm text-accent-900 leading-tighter"> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="flex items-center gap-1" href="https://bsky.app/profile/popsci.com" aria-label="Follow us on Twitter" target="_blank"> <div class="social-icon-wrapper w-5 h-5 flex flex-shrink-0 items-center text-accent-900 [&>svg]:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:stroke-accent-900"> <svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M 8.144531 2.660156 C 12.132812 5.671875 16.425781 11.785156 18 15.0625 C 19.574219 11.785156 23.867188 5.671875 27.855469 2.660156 C 30.734375 0.484375 35.398438 -1.199219 35.398438 4.15625 C 35.398438 5.226562 34.789062 13.140625 34.433594 14.425781 C 33.191406 18.890625 28.664062 20.03125 24.636719 19.339844 C 31.675781 20.546875 33.464844 24.539062 29.601562 28.53125 C 22.257812 36.113281 19.046875 26.628906 18.222656 24.199219 C 18.070312 23.753906 18 23.542969 18 23.722656 C 18 23.542969 17.929688 23.753906 17.777344 24.199219 C 16.953125 26.628906 13.742188 36.113281 6.398438 28.53125 C 2.53125 24.539062 4.324219 20.546875 11.363281 19.339844 C 7.335938 20.03125 2.808594 18.890625 1.566406 14.425781 C 1.210938 13.140625 0.601562 5.226562 0.601562 4.15625 C 0.601562 -1.199219 5.265625 0.484375 8.144531 2.660156 Z M 8.144531 2.660156 "/> </svg> </div> <span class="social-count font-primary font-bold text-sm text-accent-900 leading-tighter"> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="flex items-center gap-1" href="https://www.instagram.com/popsci/" aria-label="Follow us on Instagram" target="_blank"> <div class="social-icon-wrapper w-5 h-5 flex flex-shrink-0 items-center text-accent-900 [&>svg]:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:stroke-accent-900"> <svg class="instagram-icon social-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 169 169"> <path d="M122.406,0H46.654C20.929,0,0,20.93,0,46.655v75.752c0,25.726,20.929,46.655,46.654,46.655h75.752 c25.727,0,46.656-20.93,46.656-46.655V46.655C169.063,20.93,148.133,0,122.406,0z M154.063,122.407 c0,17.455-14.201,31.655-31.656,31.655H46.654C29.2,154.063,15,139.862,15,122.407V46.655C15,29.201,29.2,15,46.654,15h75.752 c17.455,0,31.656,14.201,31.656,31.655V122.407z"/> <path d="M84.531,40.97c-24.021,0-43.563,19.542-43.563,43.563c0,24.02,19.542,43.561,43.563,43.561s43.563-19.541,43.563-43.561 C128.094,60.512,108.552,40.97,84.531,40.97z M84.531,113.093c-15.749,0-28.563-12.812-28.563-28.561 c0-15.75,12.813-28.563,28.563-28.563s28.563,12.813,28.563,28.563C113.094,100.281,100.28,113.093,84.531,113.093z"/> <path d="M129.921,28.251c-2.89,0-5.729,1.17-7.77,3.22c-2.051,2.04-3.23,4.88-3.23,7.78c0,2.891,1.18,5.73,3.23,7.78 c2.04,2.04,4.88,3.22,7.77,3.22c2.9,0,5.73-1.18,7.78-3.22c2.05-2.05,3.22-4.89,3.22-7.78c0-2.9-1.17-5.74-3.22-7.78 C135.661,29.421,132.821,28.251,129.921,28.251z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="social-count font-primary font-bold text-sm text-accent-900 leading-tighter"> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="flex items-center gap-1" href="https://www.youtube.com/popsci" aria-label="Follow us on Youtube" target="_blank"> <div class="social-icon-wrapper w-5 h-5 flex flex-shrink-0 items-center text-accent-900 [&>svg]:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:stroke-accent-900"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path d="m411.234 435.314h-310.468c-55.562 0-100.766-45.203-100.766-100.766v-157.096c0-55.563 45.204-100.766 100.766-100.766h310.468c55.563 0 100.766 45.203 100.766 100.766v157.097c0 55.562-45.203 100.765-100.766 100.765zm-310.468-328.628c-39.02 0-70.766 31.745-70.766 70.766v157.097c0 39.021 31.746 70.766 70.766 70.766h310.468c39.021 0 70.766-31.746 70.766-70.766v-157.097c0-39.021-31.745-70.766-70.766-70.766z"/><path d="m206.297 352.07c-2.524 0-5.051-.636-7.332-1.914-4.735-2.653-7.668-7.658-7.668-13.086v-164.08c0-5.46 2.967-10.489 7.746-13.129 4.779-2.641 10.616-2.476 15.238.431l132.218 83.13c4.393 2.762 7.046 7.599 7.016 12.788-.031 5.189-2.742 9.994-7.168 12.704l-132.217 80.95c-2.401 1.468-5.115 2.206-7.833 2.206zm15-151.931v110.159l88.767-54.347z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="social-count font-primary font-bold text-sm text-accent-900 leading-tighter"> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="flex items-center gap-1" href="https://link.popsci.com/join/79r/signup-popsci" aria-label="Follow us on Newsletter" target="_blank"> <div class="social-icon-wrapper w-5 h-5 flex flex-shrink-0 items-center text-accent-900 [&>svg]:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:stroke-accent-900"> <svg class="newsletter-icon social-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m434.146 59.882h-389.234c-24.766 0-44.912 20.146-44.912 44.912v269.47c0 24.766 20.146 44.912 44.912 44.912h389.234c24.766 0 44.912-20.146 44.912-44.912v-269.47c0-24.766-20.146-44.912-44.912-44.912zm0 29.941c2.034 0 3.969.422 5.738 1.159l-200.355 173.649-200.356-173.649c1.769-.736 3.704-1.159 5.738-1.159zm0 299.411h-389.234c-8.26 0-14.971-6.71-14.971-14.971v-251.648l199.778 173.141c2.822 2.441 6.316 3.655 9.81 3.655s6.988-1.213 9.81-3.655l199.778-173.141v251.649c-.001 8.26-6.711 14.97-14.971 14.97z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="social-count font-primary font-bold text-sm text-accent-900 leading-tighter"> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div>  </header> <main class="container pt-10"> <div data-module="SecondScroll" data-permalink="https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/"> <article id="post-414384" class="featured-template-post lg:basis-[calc(75%-2.5rem)] pb-5 post-414384 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-conservation category-environment tag-extinction tag-food tag-invasive-species tag-membership tag-taste content_type-1-group content_type-2-page-type content_type-3-timeframe content_type-membership content_type-news content_type-non-evergreen exclude_tag-newsbreak exclude_tag-sangsang exclude_tag-smartnews exclude_tag-socialflow author_tag-matt-hongoltz-hetling"> <header class="featured-template-header entry-header pb-5 md:bg-gray-300 flex items-center flex-col full-bleed"> <div class="featured-template-breadcrumbs flex items-center justify-between bg-white mb-2"> <div class="block-content-wrapper entry-meta"> <nav class="breadcrumb-container hover" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><a class="breadcrumb-link no-underline hover:no-underline font-tertiary font-semibold text-accent-900 text-xs uppercase tracking-wide" href="https://www.popsci.com/category/environment/">Environment</a> <div class="breadcrumb-arrow relative inline-block ml-1 mr-2 h-0 w-0 border-y-[4px] border-y-transparent border-l-[8px] border-l-primary-900 -top-[1px]"></div></nav><nav class="breadcrumb-container hover" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><a class="breadcrumb-link no-underline hover:no-underline font-tertiary font-semibold text-accent-900 text-xs uppercase tracking-wide" href="https://www.popsci.com/category/conservation/">Conservation</a> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="container flex flex-col items-center"> <h1 class="featured-template-title entry-title text-center text-2xl max-w-300 md:max-w-720 lg:text-15xl font-bold font-primary leading-2xl lg:leading-15xl mb-2 text-secondary-900 md:mx-4 lg:mx-0">Welcome to invasivorism, the boldest solution to ethical eating yet</h1> <div class="featured-template-dek max-w-300 text-lg text-body-content/80 leading-2xl md:leading-3xl md:text-3xl text-center md:max-w-720 mb-2 font-secondary md:mx-4 lg:mx-0">Turning invasive species into gourmet meals could blunt environmental and economic costs across the US. But can Americans stomach them? Chefs and biologists are taking a gamble.</div> <div class="featured-template-byline-wrapper flex flex-row items-center md:mx-4 lg:mx-0"> <div class="article-byline overflow-hidden lg:flex lg:flex-wrap lg:gap-2 w-full mb-2 "> <div class="item-wrapper--author item-wrapper flex items-center mr-3"> <div class="byline-author-wrapper flex relative"> <p class="byline-item byline-item-author font-tertiary font-normal text-sm text-primary capitalize"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/matt-hongoltz-hetling/">Matt Hongoltz-Hetling</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="item-wrapper--date item-wrapper flex items-center mr-3"> <div class="byline-date-wrapper flex relative"> <p class="byline-item byline-item-timestamp font-tertiary font-normal text-sm text-primary mb-0">Updated on Dec 7, 2021</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="featured-template-sponsored-byline-wrapper flex flex-row items-center"></div> </div> </header> <figure class="featured-image full-bleed mb-4"> <img fetchpriority="high" class="w-full h-auto object-cover" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg 2000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=768&h=512 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1536&h=1024 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=675&h=450 675w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=990&h=660 990w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=600&h=400 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1254&h=836 1254w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1035&h=690 1035w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=324&h=216 324w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=606&h=404 606w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1341&h=894 1341w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1128&h=752 1128w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1041&h=694 1041w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=1440&h=960 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" alt="Periwinkles in a saucepan next to a small plate of bread and a glass of cider from an invasives-species menu at Juniper Bar and Restaurant in Burlington, Vermont" /> <figcaption class="featured-image-description bg-gray-300 text-right text-sm px-2 uppercase"> <span class="inline-block py-1 text-black"> Executive chef Doug Paine prepares a dinner filled with invasive species at the Juniper Bar and Restaurant in Burlington, Vermont. The options range based on which ingredients he can source at the moment. On this October day, it was periwinkle snails, local bread, and dry cider. </span>  <span class="inline-block bg-accent-900 text-white py-1 px-2"> Christina Holmes </span> </figcaption> </figure> <section class="featured-template-content article-layout-wrapper md:px-4 w-full flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-5 lg:gap-9 max-w-full lg:py-8" data-module="TableOfContents"> <div class="entry-content Article-bodyText paywall border-b-2 w-full mb-6 xl:ml-[120px]"> <section class="recurrent-share lg:px-0 mb-5" data-post-id="414384" data-content-type="Membership,News,Non-Evergreen"> <div class="block-content-wrapper flex flex-row align-center gap-4 lg:gap-8 w-full text-center mx-auto md:mx-0 items-center justify-center"> <h2 class="recurrent-share-block-title font-primary font-bold text-2xl text-secondary-900">Share</h2> <ul class="flex flex-row list-none gap-4 lg:gap-8"> <li class="list-none"> <a class="flex items-center justify-center w-5 h-5 svg-social-icon" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Welcome%20to%20invasivorism%2C%20the%20boldest%20solution%20to%20ethical%20eating%20yet https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Share on Twitter" data-name="Twitter"> <svg class="twitter-icon social-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="2 2 28 28"> <path d="M7.04 2.56a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-4.48 4.48v17.92a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 4.48 4.48h17.92a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 4.48-4.48V7.04a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-4.48-4.48H7.04Zm0 1.28h17.92a3.19 3.19 0 0 1 3.2 3.2v17.92a3.19 3.19 0 0 1-3.2 3.2H7.04a3.19 3.19 0 0 1-3.2-3.2V7.04a3.19 3.19 0 0 1 3.2-3.2Zm1.335 4.48 5.903 8.386L8.32 23.68h1.6L15 17.733l4.185 5.947h5.08l-6.48-9.207L23.04 8.32h-1.6l-4.377 5.126-3.608-5.126h-5.08Zm2.45 1.28h1.961l9.03 12.8h-1.962L10.825 9.6Z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="list-none"> <a class="flex items-center justify-center w-5 h-5 svg-social-icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Share on Facebook" data-name="Facebook"> <svg class="facebook-icon social-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path d="M452,0H60C26.916,0,0,26.916,0,60v392c0,33.084,26.916,60,60,60h392c33.084,0,60-26.916,60-60V60 C512,26.916,485.084,0,452,0z M472,452c0,11.028-8.972,20-20,20H338V309h61.79L410,247h-72v-43c0-16.975,13.025-30,30-30h41v-62 h-41c-50.923,0-91.978,41.25-91.978,92.174V247H216v62h60.022v163H60c-11.028,0-20-8.972-20-20V60c0-11.028,8.972-20,20-20h392 c11.028,0,20,8.972,20,20V452z"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="list-none"> <a class="flex items-center justify-center w-5 h-5 svg-social-icon" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/&media=https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/06/invasive-species-eat-juniper-bar-restaurant.jpg?quality=85&w=1920&description=Invasive%20species%20have%20an%20appetite%20for%20destruction.%20But%20so%20do%20humans.%20Why%20not%20eat%20the%20weeds%20and%20critters%20to%20control%20them%3F" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Share on Pinterest" data-name="Pinterest"> <svg class="pinterest-icon social-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 50 50"> <path d="M 25 2 C 12.309295 2 2 12.309295 2 25 C 2 37.690705 12.309295 48 25 48 C 37.690705 48 48 37.690705 48 25 C 48 12.309295 37.690705 2 25 2 z M 25 4 C 36.609825 4 46 13.390175 46 25 C 46 36.609825 36.609825 46 25 46 C 22.876355 46 20.82771 45.682142 18.896484 45.097656 C 19.75673 43.659418 20.867347 41.60359 21.308594 39.90625 C 21.570728 38.899887 22.648438 34.794922 22.648438 34.794922 C 23.348841 36.132057 25.395277 37.263672 27.574219 37.263672 C 34.058123 37.263672 38.732422 31.300682 38.732422 23.890625 C 38.732422 16.78653 32.935409 11.472656 25.476562 11.472656 C 16.196831 11.472656 11.271484 17.700825 11.271484 24.482422 C 11.271484 27.636307 12.94892 31.562193 15.634766 32.8125 C 16.041611 33.001865 16.260073 32.919834 16.353516 32.525391 C 16.425459 32.226044 16.788267 30.766792 16.951172 30.087891 C 17.003269 29.871239 16.978043 29.68405 16.802734 29.470703 C 15.913793 28.392399 15.201172 26.4118 15.201172 24.564453 C 15.201172 19.822048 18.791452 15.232422 24.908203 15.232422 C 30.18976 15.232422 33.888672 18.832872 33.888672 23.980469 C 33.888672 29.796219 30.95207 33.826172 27.130859 33.826172 C 25.020554 33.826172 23.440361 32.080359 23.947266 29.939453 C 24.555054 27.38426 25.728516 24.626944 25.728516 22.78125 C 25.728516 21.130713 24.842754 19.753906 23.007812 19.753906 C 20.850369 19.753906 19.117188 21.984457 19.117188 24.974609 C 19.117187 26.877359 19.761719 28.166016 19.761719 28.166016 C 19.761719 28.166016 17.630543 37.176514 17.240234 38.853516 C 16.849091 40.52931 16.953851 42.786365 17.115234 44.466797 C 9.421139 41.352465 4 33.819328 4 25 C 4 13.390175 13.390175 4 25 4 z"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="list-none"> <a class="flex items-center justify-center w-5 h-5 svg-social-icon" href="mailto:?subject=Welcome%20to%20invasivorism%2C%20the%20boldest%20solution%20to%20ethical%20eating%20yet&body=https://www.popsci.com/environment/eating-invasive-species/" aria-label="Share via Email" data-name="Email"> <svg class="email-icon social-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m434.146 59.882h-389.234c-24.766 0-44.912 20.146-44.912 44.912v269.47c0 24.766 20.146 44.912 44.912 44.912h389.234c24.766 0 44.912-20.146 44.912-44.912v-269.47c0-24.766-20.146-44.912-44.912-44.912zm0 29.941c2.034 0 3.969.422 5.738 1.159l-200.355 173.649-200.356-173.649c1.769-.736 3.704-1.159 5.738-1.159zm0 299.411h-389.234c-8.26 0-14.971-6.71-14.971-14.971v-251.648l199.778 173.141c2.822 2.441 6.316 3.655 9.81 3.655s6.988-1.213 9.81-3.655l199.778-173.141v251.649c-.001 8.26-6.711 14.97-14.971 14.97z"/> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="content-wrapper" data-toc-container> <p class="article-paragraph skip"><strong><span class="is-source-sans-pro-font">THE DINING ROOM</span> </strong>at Juniper Bar and Restaurant in Burlington is about as bespoke as one would expect from a woodsy Vermont establishment. Ferns top tables carved at a nearby tree farm, while granite slabs hewn from a local quarry tile the walls. Even the floorboards come from a reclaimed New England barn.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Then there’s the food. As staff scramble to serve plates of pastured lamb lasagna and birch-syrup-drizzled pistachio hummus, executive chef Doug Paine watches quietly, a calm island in a hectic sea, to ensure that each morsel of porchetta and dab of aioli meets his standard of “fresh and local.”</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Few diners realize, though, that when they lift a forkful of Paine’s salad, the peppery bite in the dressing comes from chopped sprigs of garlic mustard. The quick-growing European weed is notorious for pushing into Vermont forest understories and lacing the soil with a chemical that prevents native plants from germinating. On the other hand, it’s tasty, which prompted Paine to join a boundary-pushing trend that combines ethical eating with invasive-species warfare.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">It’s a conflict humans brought upon themselves. Whether it’s <a href="https://nutria.com/damage/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">raccoon-size rodent</a>s called nutria using massive chompers to clear-cut Louisiana marshes into mud flats or shrubby Japanese knotweed smothering local flora up and down the East Coast, there are thousands of examples with people thoughtlessly introducing a species into a new environment, then battling to bring it under control. Invasives have <a href="https://www.montsevila.org/papers/Gallardo%20et%20al%202015%20GCB.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">cost the world an estimated $1.3 trillion</a> by ruining agricultural yields, undermining tourism, and hurting public health over the past half century. Even worse, these outlaws are responsible for <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/invasive-species-animal-extinctions-2630614032.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">roughly a third of extinctions</a> over the past 500 years, including, in 2021, the loss of the Maui ʻākepa bird and a Hawaiian variety of flowering mint. There are now <a href="https://www.fws.gov/invasives/faq.html#q7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">4,300 nonnative types of wildlife in the United States</a> destructive enough for conservationists to label them as invasive.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">The bold idea to eat them out of existence occurred to conservation biologist Joe Roman 20 years ago, when he developed the concept of <em>invasivorism</em>. Back then, it was considered more a topic for quirky cocktail conversation than a serious scientific discussion. Over time, however, Roman, based at the University of Vermont, has watched the stars align, with research and chefs like Paine advancing the practice, and individuals in general taking an interest in the ecological consequences of their gustatory habits.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">“We‘re on the very edge of when this idea takes off,” Roman says.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip"><strong>[Related: <a href="https://www.popsci.com/environment/public-helps-identify-invasive-species/" target="_blank">Citizen scientists make great invasive-species detectives</a>]</strong></p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Like any chef worth their sea salt, Paine was acutely aware of trends in ethical dining. He saw that the granola-and-arugula-crunching crowds of Vermont particularly valued eco-friendly choices: Here, eating is about sustaining the land as much as it is about sustaining the body. Paine says the tiny, rural state “is among the world leaders of locavore cuisine” with its high density of vibrant farmers markets. The Union of Concerned Scientists <a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/50-state-food-system-scorecard#bystate" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">ranked it first in the nation for its local food infrastructure</a>—and that was before the state implemented a $500,000 program to pay public schools to put more community agricultural products into student lunches. Paine experienced this ethos firsthand during a childhood filled with gardening and rambling hikes in the woods. By the time he came into his own as a chef, using foraged and regionally sourced ingredients was second nature.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Paine’s vision of sustainable food gained a new dimension in 2017, when one of his suppliers, shrimp farmer and marine biologist John Brawley, approached him with an unusual request. He needed someone to cater an invasivore-themed lunch for a class Joe Roman was teaching at the University of Vermont.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Inspired, Paine started involving Juniper Bar and Restaurant in the invasive-species cooking experiment. It was surprisingly easy, he explains: He would occasionally slip 5 or 10 pounds of an exotic ingredient into the dinner service by, say, blending mild yet tangy bishop’s weed into a soup or making tart Japanese knotweed shoots into a sorbet.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image"><img width="1000" height="667" loading="lazy" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?strip=all&quality=85" alt="Chef Doug Paine slicing butter and parsley on a table; Chef Doug Paine pouring a can of cider over a steaming saucepan of periwinkles" class="wp-image-414478" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png 1000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=768&h=512 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=675&h=450 675w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=990&h=660 990w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=600&h=400 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=324&h=216 324w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=606&h=404 606w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_1.png?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /> <figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Left to right: Preparing garlic, butter, and parsley to sauté exotic periwinkle snails; a pour of dry hard cider in the steaming shellfish forms the base of the sauce. Photos: Christina Holmes</figcaption> </figure> <p class="article-paragraph skip">As he thinks back on those recipes from the past five years, Paine walks into a large cooler behind the kitchen that holds neatly labeled containers of radishes, slaw, hummus, peppers, and a smattering of invasives. Sometimes there’s a 5-gallon bucket of European green crabs waiting to be turned into a delicate bisque. Or maybe periwinkle snails that Paine treats like escargot—boiled, pried out of their shells with a toothpick, and centered on a plate swimming with garlic-infused butter.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">One species he longs to add to his menu is the sea lamprey, a slimy, eel-like infiltrator that uses a circle of monstrous teeth to suck out the bodily fluids of its scaled prey. Within decades of being accidentally introduced to some of the Great Lakes in 1919, the Atlantic and Mediterranean migrant <a href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=836" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">was destroying commercial angling</a> of trout and walleye in the region. It also likely caused the extinction of three endemic fishes: the longjaw cisco, deepwater cisco, and blackfin cisco. But Paine, and chefs with a similar eat-’em-to-beat-’em spirit, see pickled, smoked, and beer-battered promise in the devil’s flesh.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip"><strong><span class="is-source-sans-pro-font">THE MODERN NOTION </span></strong>of invasivorism was born from a tizzy over the European green crab, a palm-size crustacean so successful at stuffing mussels, clams, and scallops into its tooth-lined stomach that it <a rel="nofollow noreferrer" href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-12/documents/ee-0513-01.pdf" target="_blank">cost American fisheries nearly a billion dollars in lost revenue</a> between 1975 and 2000.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">The year 2000 also marked when Roman set out to decipher how, precisely, the crab had made the leap from European waters to North America’s Eastern Seaboard. He soon found himself elbow deep in a chilly Nova Scotia tidal pool, pulling dozens of slimy, pinching scuttlers out of the salt water for DNA analysis. “It was a great gig,” he recounts.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">As Roman worked, he was distracted by another man just yards away removing handfuls of another European shellfish, the common periwinkle, <a href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/76460" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">which is problematic</a> because it outcompetes native snails and carries nasty parasitic flatworms.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">It’s not every day that one guy collecting invasive aquatic animals from tidal pools bumps into another, so Roman struck up a conversation. He learned the man was selling the periwinkles to fish markets that supplied large cities such as Boston and New York. The encounter gave Roman the idea of drawing a direct line between green crabs and Earth’s ultimate apex predator: humans.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">“As a conservation biologist, most of my time was spent telling people not to harvest,” Roman says, “but here was a case where I could tell people to harvest as much as they wanted.”</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Head spinning, Roman went home and wrote a seminal article that was published in <em>Audubon</em> magazine in 2004. “Just look at our track record: Atlantic cod, bison, right whales, and Pismo clams have all but disappeared due to our voracious demand,” he noted. He urged everyone to turn this avarice against invaders with advice like “Instead of dressing your yard with herbicides, you might want to consider balsamic vinaigrette.” He also published a handful of easy recipes to get readers started.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Then he sat back and waited for the world to recognize the solution he had presented. It was a long wait. “The response was crickets,” Roman says. “And not invasive crickets.”</p> <figure class="wp-block-image"><img width="1000" height="667" loading="lazy" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?strip=all&quality=85" alt="A saucepan of periwinkles covered in parsley; Chef Doug Paine rubbing wild boar meet with dried Japanese barberry" class="wp-image-414480" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png 1000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=768&h=512 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=675&h=450 675w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=990&h=660 990w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=600&h=400 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=324&h=216 324w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=606&h=404 606w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_2.png?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /> <figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Left to right: Periwinkles steaming in sauce; wild boar seasoned with Japanese barberry, an invasive plant on the East Coast. Photos: Christina Holmes</figcaption> </figure> <p class="article-paragraph skip">By 2010, <a href="https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/subject/economic-and-social-impacts" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">the economic impact of invasives in North Am</a>erica alone had grown to $26 billion per year. In the Florida Everglades, <a href="https://www.fieldandstream.com/adventures/python-bounty-hunters-florida/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Burmese pythons had squeezed</a> up to 99 percent of native populations of deer, bobcats, and raccoons out of existence; in Michigan, emerald ash borers had felled tens of millions of ash trees; and in the Chesapeake Bay, wriggling snakehead fish could have crowded out their neighbors.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Roman decided to make his appeal for invasivorism another way. That year, he started a website, <a rel="nofollow noreferrer" href="https://eattheinvaders.org/" target="_blank">EatTheInvaders.org</a>, to try to convert foodies with an appetite for the unusual into believers. His weapon? Visions of plates piled high with <a href="https://eattheinvaders.org/the-common-periwinkle/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">periwinkle fritters</a> and <a href="https://www.greencrab.org/cookbook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">European crabcakes</a>.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip"><strong><span class="is-source-sans-pro-font">NO MATTER HIS AUDIENCE,</span></strong> Roman always came back to the argument that invasivorism could turn unwanted mountains of exotics into manageable molehills. He likens it to biologists killing off caterpillar populations in an area by releasing hordes of predatory wasps. “It’s a form of biological control,” he says. “It’s just using us instead of an insect.”</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">But he acknowledges that not all scientists agree with him. Daniel Simberloff, a conservation biologist with the University of Tennessee, blasted invasivorism for its potential to unintentionally perpetuate the presence of the very species it is meant to eradicate.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">“Creating a market engenders pressure to maintain that problematic species,” Simberloff and his co-authors wrote in <em><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235407917_Invasive_Species_To_eat_or_not_to_eat_that_is_the_question" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Conservation Letters</a></em> in 2012. In other words, building demand for invasives on consumers’ plates might actually encourage their persistence in the long term.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Simberloff’s paper rekindled the debate over invasivorism within the conservation community. That led two biologists, Susan Pasko and Jason Goldberg, who both now work for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, to seek answers. “We wanted to bring some objective data and science to the argument,” Goldberg says.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">In their paper, published in 2014 in the journal <em><a href="https://www.reabic.net/journals/mbi/2014/3/MBI_2014_Pasko_Goldberg.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Management of Biological Invasions</a></em>, they reviewed programs that incentivized harvests with bounties and other rewards and searched for commonalities among successes and failures. They compiled 11 recommendations for wielding invasivorism as a strategy. For example, one needs to know the minimum viable population of a species and put in place controls to ensure that it isn’t immediately reintroduced.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">They learned that, as with most unwanted things, prevention is the best and cheapest way to keep invasives out of an ecosystem. But once that fails, they found harvest incentives have real potential.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">“We look at it as another tool to manage invasive species, and like any other tool, it is something that needs to be carefully planned,” Pasko says. “Are you going for complete eradication or just focusing on managing populations in high-priority areas?” However, the study warned that even light predation by humans could stimulate biological overcompensation, similar to when damaged plants rebound by producing more seeds, or coyotes react to culls by having large litters.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Goldberg and Pasko agree that invasivorism’s ability to capture the public imagination has been a big boon. “Eight years ago, when we wrote that paper, even my family barely knew what an invasive was,” Pasko says.</p> <figure class="wp-block-pullquote is-style-fullwidth-pullquote"><blockquote><p class="article-paragraph skip">The bold idea to eat invasive species out of existence occurred to Joe Roman 20 years ago, when he developed the concept of <em>invasivorism</em>.</p></blockquote></figure> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Roman calls their work an important step forward and key to incorporating invasivorism into conservation policies. The research also led to more practical ideas about how harvesting can work.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">In 2019, Jesse Bull Saffeir drew on Goldberg and Pasko’s work to <a href="https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/3037/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">propose a set of criteria</a> to determine if a region’s invasives would make good targets. Saffeir, then an enterprising study-abroad student focused on climate change and food security in Iceland, concluded that four of the island nation’s 19 recognized invasives—the rock crab, European flounder, brown shrimp, and European rabbit—would be ideal candidates for culling, because, among other things, they are easily harvested and have a high population density. On the industrial side, she found there must be an existing commercial infrastructure that can be easily repurposed to the task: say an existing fishing industry that could be nudged into pursuing an invasive so a new fleet doesn’t have to be built for the job.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Given those factors, it’s easy to see why the lionfish, a Pacific looker with a mohawk of poisonous spikes, has been invasivorism’s most brilliant success. In the 1990s, it began eating its way through the native inhabitants of coastal reefs in the Southeast US and the Caribbean. Once Jamaican fishermen learned to handle it safely and bring it to market, lionfish sightings in that region declined by two-thirds. Meanwhile, in the Bahamas, native reef fish rebounded.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image"><img width="1000" height="667" loading="lazy" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?strip=all&quality=85" alt="Japanese barberry demiglace sauce cooking on a stove; Chef Doug Paine with a pan of slice sunchokes; Chef Doug Paine cutting the wild boar ribs" class="wp-image-414482" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png 1000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=768&h=512 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=675&h=450 675w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=990&h=660 990w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=600&h=400 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=324&h=216 324w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=606&h=404 606w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/collage_4.png?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /> <figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Left to right: A demiglace sauce made from barberries as well; Paine roasts sunchokes, a tuber, to pair with the boar; dry rubbed and cooked to perfection, the ribs are ready to cut. Photos: Christina Holmes</figcaption> </figure> <p class="article-paragraph skip">State officials hope that incentive programs can work on a small scale too. In Vermont, they’ve distributed invasivespecies recipes and encouraged elementary school students to <a href="https://vtinvasives.org/news-events/news/season-highlights-for-invasive-plant-management-vermont" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">turn garlic mustard into pesto</a>. In 2020, Colorado anglers <a href="https://www.tbcpress.com/13565-CO-2020-Fishing-Incentives-at-Kenney-Reservoir.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">were handed $20 per northern pike</a>. And the Idaho Fish and Game Commission <a href="https://issuu.com/thenewportminer/docs/010213newportminer" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">created a system for culling unwelcome rainbow trout</a> by implanting microscopic coded tags inside some individuals’ noses; anglers who snag one can win $50 to $1,000.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">However, Saffeir also identified the nonnegotiable baseline in determining whether the human appetite can be harnessed for ecological virtue: The fugitive flora or fauna must taste good.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip"><strong><span class="is-source-sans-pro-font">FROM THE START, </span></strong>Roman touted invasivorism by coupling his message with how-tos. He wanted people to see nutria as not just a swamp rodent but also a potential egg roll ingredient. It remained a hard sell.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">And so, as the years passed, he began collaborating with professional cooks, who proved far better at dressing up invasives as culinary delights. “I’m a biologist,” Roman points out. “If I tell you crabs are delicious, you’re unlikely to listen to me. But if you go to a restaurant and Chef Bun serves you this, that’s probably the best way to convince you.”</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">That would be Bun Lai, a sushi artist in Connecticut who was already making his mark as a leader of the ethical dining movement when he and Roman teamed up for some high-profile invasivorism projects. In the fall of 2014, the pair served wild boar and Asian shore crabs to other interested experts and foodies from around the world at the <a href="https://chefscollaborative.org/16598/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Chefs Collaborative Sustainable Food Summit</a> in Boulder, Colorado.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Lai’s ability to consistently turn the abstract idea of invasivorism into a real-life mainstay of high-concept menus has made him a celebrity chef and netted him the <a href="https://www.newhavenindependent.org/article/sustainable_fish/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">2016 White House Champion of Change Award</a> for Sustainable Seafood.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">In 2020, he closed his restaurant, Miya’s Sushi, in favor of pop-ups, catering, and “restorative eating experiences” at his farm, at prices of up to $425 per person. A meal might start with slivers of cannonball jellyfish (Lai says their population has exploded along the Georgia coast due to climate change and ocean acidification) and Florida lionfish sashimi with Kiribati sea salt; main courses include Asian shore crab (overwhelming native mud crabs in Chesapeake Bay since the 1980s) seasoned with invasive plants and gyoza dumplings stuffed with wild boar (from Texas, where their crimes include gobbling up endangered sea turtles). All this might be capped off with mochi ice cream flavored with a plant harvested from Lai’s property: mugwort (known for copious amounts of allergy-triggering pollen and an aggressive underground root system that shoulders aside native plants).</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Lai is full of the virtues of invasivorism, which he argues has crucial benefits for the planet. Substituting wild boar and nutria for beef lowers greenhouse gases, he says, while eating weeds reduces the need for the 5 billion pounds of harmful pesticides and herbicides used globally each year.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">He says there are real signs that the movement is reaching critical mass. A few years ago, he couldn’t source any invasive species from supply chains. But a combination of public awareness, government support, and market interest has made it possible for people curious about cooking and eating undesirables to overcome logistical barriers. A key breakthrough happened when Lai successfully lobbied the Monterey Bay Aquarium to recommend lionfish and blue catfish on its influential ethical sourcing list, Seafood Watch. Today, he can easily procure these, as well as silver carp from Kentucky.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">The change isn’t limited to restaurant supply chains. In 2016, grocery giants Whole Foods, Wegmans, and Publix began offering lionfish, promoting it along with <a href="https://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/tips-and-ideas/archive/get-know-lionfish-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">recipes for coconut curry</a>. Dog-treat companies are i<a href="https://marshdog.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">ncorporating nutria and Asian carp</a> into their regular offerings.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Ultimately, the success of the invasivore movement relies on eaters who are willing to seek out sustainably sourced food, whether at restaurants or for their own kitchens. Vermont’s conversion to that ethos is on full display among <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/659158184130867/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">a robust community of foragers whose Facebook page</a> boasts 11,400 members. If Lai is making waves at the haute cuisine end of the locavore spectrum, these folks are making a splash at the other end, where everyday people are turning nature’s invasive bounty into home-cooked dishes.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip"><strong>[Related: <a href="https://www.popsci.com/diy/foraging-guide/" target="_blank">How to forage your way through your neighborhood</a>]</strong></p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Even as Chef Paine navigates meal prep at Juniper, longtime forager Melanie Brotz can be found at nearby Callahan Park, picking her way through more than 60 species of edibles, including Japanese knotweed, which she describes as resembling “a really chunky asparagus.” She sometimes sees it hawked at local farmers markets for more than $12 a pound.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">“Eating food closest to how you would find it growing is the healthiest thing to do,” says Brotz, a registered dietitian. She hopes to organize a local invasivore festival featuring recipe contests and tastings.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Roman has noticed the trend flourishing in tandem with the forager community. As that momentum has built, it has been matched by a burgeoning body of academic research and commercial interest, an emerging network of interested culinary experts, and mounting numbers of government-funded bounty and harvest campaigns. It all adds up to an idea that’s creeping in from the fringes.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Now that he’s comfortable cooking invasives, Paine says his own enthusiasm, and that of his invasivore diners, isn’t likely to diminish anytime soon. He sees the movement growing.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">“It can be scaled up,” he says. “If you think about truffles or wild fish, all those markets have been developed over time. I think invasives can find that same path.”</p> <figure class="wp-block-image"><img width="1125" height="1500" loading="lazy" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?strip=all&quality=85" alt="Wild boar ribs, sunchoke chips, and Japanese barberry demiglace on a white plate and wooden table with a glass of red wine" class="wp-image-414484" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg 1125w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=768&h=1024 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=338&h=450 338w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=150&h=200 150w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=495&h=660 495w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=300&h=400 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=627&h=836 627w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=518&h=690 518w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=162&h=216 162w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=303&h=404 303w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=671&h=894 671w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=564&h=752 564w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=521&h=694 521w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=280&h=373 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=289&h=385 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=370&h=493 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=308&h=411 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/07/PSCWI21_WL_FinalImage2.jpg?w=38&h=50 38w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px" /> <figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The finished boar, barberry, and sunchoke dish, ready to be scarfed up. Photo: Christina Holmes</figcaption> </figure> <p class="article-paragraph skip"><em>This story originally ran in the Winter 2021 </em><a href="https://www.popsci.com/tag/taste/" target="_blank"><em>Taste</em></a><em> issue of PopSci. Read more <a href="https://www.popsci.com/popsci-plus/" target="_blank">PopSci+</a> stories.</em></p> <section class="content-widget content-widget--large"> <span class="block bg-secondary-300 h-2 w-16 mt-10 mb-8"> </span> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-start justify-items-start"> <div class="mb-4 md:mb-0 md:w-4/12 w-full"> <img width="300" height="169" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?quality=85&w=300" class="max-w-[100%]" alt="" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg 1920w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=768&h=432 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=1536&h=864 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=800&h=450 800w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=356&h=200 356w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=1173&h=660 1173w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=711&h=400 711w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=1486&h=836 1486w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=1227&h=690 1227w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=384&h=216 384w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=718&h=404 718w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=1589&h=894 1589w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=1337&h=752 1337w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=1234&h=694 1234w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=280&h=158 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=1440&h=810 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=289&h=163 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=370&h=208 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=308&h=173 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /> </div> <div class="ml-0 md:ml-10 md:w-8/12 w-full"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"> More deals, reviews, and buying guides </h3> <div class="content-widget-content mb-4"> <div id="1737663310.940689" class="c-virtual_list__item" role="listitem" data-qa="virtual-list-item" data-item-key="1737663310.940689"> <div class="c-message_kit__background c-message_kit__background--hovered p-message_pane_message__message c-message_kit__message" role="presentation" data-qa="message_container" data-qa-unprocessed="false" data-qa-placeholder="false"> <div class="c-message_kit__hover c-message_kit__hover--hovered" role="document" data-qa-hover="true"> <div class="c-message_kit__actions c-message_kit__actions--above"> <div class="c-message_kit__gutter"> <div class="c-message_kit__gutter__right" role="presentation" data-qa="message_content"> <div class="c-message_kit__blocks c-message_kit__blocks--rich_text"> <div class="c-message__message_blocks c-message__message_blocks--rich_text" data-qa="message-text"> <div class="p-block_kit_renderer" data-qa="block-kit-renderer"> <div class="p-block_kit_renderer__block_wrapper p-block_kit_renderer__block_wrapper--first"> <div class="p-rich_text_block" dir="auto"> <div class="p-rich_text_section">The PopSci team has tested hundreds of products and spent thousands of hours trying to find the best gear and gadgets you can buy.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-message_actions__container c-message__actions" role="group"> <div class="c-message_actions__group" role="group" aria-label="Message actions" data-qa="message-actions"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="1737663314.953199" class="c-virtual_list__item" role="listitem" data-qa="virtual-list-item" data-item-key="1737663314.953199"> <div class="c-message_kit__background p-message_pane_message__message c-message_kit__message" role="presentation" data-qa="message_container" data-qa-unprocessed="false" data-qa-placeholder="false"> <div class="c-message_kit__hover" role="document" data-qa-hover="true"> <div class="c-message_kit__actions c-message_kit__actions--above"> <div class="c-message_kit__gutter"> <div class="c-message_kit__gutter__left" role="presentation"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="flex flex-col sm:flex-row md:flex-col items-end sm:items-center md:items-end justify-between"> <style> </style> <a class="product-button-link no-underline w-[281px] h-auto rounded inline-flex justify-center align-center py-3 px-6 uppercase font-bold hover:!no-underline focus:bg-secondary-700 active:bg-secondary-900 content-widget-cta-button mb-2 bg-accent-900 text-white hover:!bg-secondary-900 hover:!text-white" href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gear/" target="_blank"> SEE MORE GEAR</a> </div> </div> </div> <span class="block bg-secondary-300 h-2 w-16 mt-8 mb-10"> </span> </section> <footer class="article-content-footer lg:max-w-[730px] lg:mx-auto"> <section class="recurrent-author-metabox py-5 pl-offset-shadow"> <div class="author-metabox-inner border-secondary-light border-[1.5px] shadow-offset shadow-accent-900 p-4 xl:p-6 mb-6"> <div class="flex items-center gap-4 mb-5"> <div> <h3 class="author-name"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/matt-hongoltz-hetling/" class="no-underline hover:no-underline active:no-underline focus:no-underline font-primary font-bold text-secondary-900 text-lg leading-lg uppercase mb-2">Matt Hongoltz-Hetling</a></h3> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </section> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="featured-template-sidebar-wrapper article-sidebar-wrapper w-full lg:w-[300px] lg:flex-shrink-0 xl:mr-[120px]"> <aside id="article-sidebar" class="article-sidebar pb-5" aria-label="Author and related articles"> <section id="author-widgets"> <section class="recurrent-primary-author-widget border-2 rounded border-accent-900 p-6 mb-7 bg-accent-2-700"> <div class="author-widget-header flex gap-3 mb-2"> <div class="author-name-title"> <h2 class="font-primary text-lg font-semibold text-secondary-900 leading-6"> <a href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/matt-hongoltz-hetling/"> Matt Hongoltz-Hetling </a> </h2> </div> </div> </section> </section> <section class="recurrent-latest-posts-widget recurrent-blocks md:px-0 mb-8"> <h2 class="flag-heading text-lg">Latest</h2> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-5 flex-col"> <div class="mb-2"> <div class="card-post sidebar-latest-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/diy/how-to-reset-youtube-algorithm/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post object-center" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?quality=85&w=856" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg 1796w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=768&h=404 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=1536&h=807 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=856&h=450 856w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=381&h=200 381w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=1256&h=660 1256w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=761&h=400 761w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=1591&h=836 1591w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=1313&h=690 1313w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=411&h=216 411w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=769&h=404 769w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=1701&h=894 1701w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=1431&h=752 1431w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=1320&h=694 1320w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=280&h=147 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=1440&h=757 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=289&h=152 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=370&h=194 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=308&h=162 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/how_to_reset_youtube_algo.jpg?w=50&h=26 50w" sizes="(max-width: 856px) 100vw, 856px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="blank youtube screen on red background" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <div class="post-tax-badges flex gap-2 items-center border-white pb-4 lg:pb-3.5" > <a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/diy/" class="cat-name-badge font-tertiary font-semibold text-sm text-accent-900 leading-extra-tight no-underline hover:underline">DIY</a> </div> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/diy/how-to-reset-youtube-algorithm/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> How to reset the YouTube algorithm </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">How to reset the YouTube algorithm</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/justin-pot/">Justin Pot</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2"> <div class="card-post sidebar-latest-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/gear/levoit-top-fill-humidifier-deal/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post object-center" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?quality=85&w=800" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg 1600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=768&h=432 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=1536&h=864 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=800&h=450 800w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=356&h=200 356w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=1173&h=660 1173w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=711&h=400 711w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=1486&h=836 1486w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=1227&h=690 1227w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=384&h=216 384w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=718&h=404 718w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=1589&h=894 1589w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=1337&h=752 1337w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=1234&h=694 1234w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=280&h=158 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=1440&h=810 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=289&h=163 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=370&h=208 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=308&h=173 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/levoit-humidifier-header.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Levoit top-fill humidifier on a table with steam coming out" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <div class="post-tax-badges flex gap-2 items-center border-white pb-4 lg:pb-3.5" > <a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gear/" class="cat-name-badge font-tertiary font-semibold text-sm text-accent-900 leading-extra-tight no-underline hover:underline">Gear</a> </div> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/gear/levoit-top-fill-humidifier-deal/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> If your eyes and sinuses feel dry right now, you need this $29 Levoit humidifier in your home </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">If your eyes and sinuses feel dry right now, you need this $29 Levoit humidifier in your home</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/stan-horaczek/">Stan Horaczek</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </aside> </div> </section> </article> <aside id="article-footer" class="article-footer full-bleed lg:basis-[100%]" aria-label="Related articles to this post"> <section class="recurrent-smart-linkpacks full-bleed bg-gray-lighter py-8"> <div class="container"> <div class="incCategory grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4 gap-x-5 gap-y-5"> <div class="col-span-full pt-8"> <h2 class="flag-heading"> More in Conservation </h2> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/ruining-walden-pond-nature/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?quality=85&w=824" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg 2048w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=768&h=419 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=1536&h=839 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=824&h=450 824w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=366&h=200 366w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=1209&h=660 1209w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=733&h=400 733w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=1531&h=836 1531w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=1264&h=690 1264w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=396&h=216 396w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=740&h=404 740w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=1638&h=894 1638w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=1378&h=752 1378w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=1271&h=694 1271w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=280&h=153 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=1440&h=786 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=289&h=158 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=370&h=202 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=308&h=168 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/7A2FAK7LWMPLMXSW4GCD7L6HYQ.jpg?w=50&h=27 50w" sizes="(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="We’re ruining Walden Pond just like we ruin everything beautiful in this world" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/ruining-walden-pond-nature/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> We’re ruining Walden Pond just like we ruin everything beautiful in this world </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">We’re ruining Walden Pond just like we ruin everything beautiful in this world</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/sara-chodosh/">Sara Chodosh</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/venus-fly-traps-diet-insects/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?quality=85&w=674" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg 2560w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=768&h=513 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=1536&h=1026 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=2048&h=1368 2048w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=674&h=450 674w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=299&h=200 299w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=988&h=660 988w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=599&h=400 599w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=1252&h=836 1252w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=1033&h=690 1033w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=323&h=216 323w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=605&h=404 605w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=1338&h=894 1338w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=1126&h=752 1126w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=1039&h=694 1039w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=1440&h=962 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=308&h=206 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/36XNBEXG2N5FLPT6OV6F5SB4EA.jpg?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Venus flytraps know not to eat the insects that pollinate them" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/venus-fly-traps-diet-insects/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Venus flytraps know not to eat the insects that pollinate them </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Venus flytraps know not to eat the insects that pollinate them</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/jessica-boddy/">Jessica Boddy</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/deep-sea-robots-algae-blooms/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?quality=85&w=1417" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg 2560w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=768&h=244 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=1536&h=488 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=2048&h=650 2048w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=1417&h=450 1417w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=630&h=200 630w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=1260&h=400 1260w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=680&h=216 680w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=1272&h=404 1272w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=280&h=89 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=1440&h=457 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=289&h=92 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=370&h=118 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=308&h=98 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/5BGUNMOR66MVWE6VIMHDKNWZU4.jpg?w=50&h=16 50w" sizes="(max-width: 1417px) 100vw, 1417px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Deep-sea robots are scoping out the secret origins of algae blooms" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/deep-sea-robots-algae-blooms/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Deep-sea robots are scoping out the secret origins of algae blooms </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Deep-sea robots are scoping out the secret origins of algae blooms</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/marlene-cimons/">Marlene Cimons</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/mysterious-double-whirlpools-ocean/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?quality=85&w=603" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg 640w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?w=603&h=450 603w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?w=268&h=200 268w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?w=536&h=400 536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?w=289&h=216 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?w=541&h=404 541w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?w=280&h=209 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?w=370&h=276 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?w=308&h=230 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/IJPKWA6ZVOIF7YD75AFZNRN7ZY.jpg?w=50&h=37 50w" sizes="(max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Mysterious double ‘whirlpools’ are popping up in the ocean" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/mysterious-double-whirlpools-ocean/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Mysterious double ‘whirlpools’ are popping up in the ocean </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Mysterious double ‘whirlpools’ are popping up in the ocean</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/kate-baggaley/">Kate Baggaley</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/coral-reef-patterns/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?quality=85&w=640" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg 640w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?w=601&h=400 601w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?w=325&h=216 325w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?w=607&h=404 607w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?w=280&h=186 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?w=289&h=192 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?w=370&h=246 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/XHZ3SOPVUD7IJA5NGSQ5MQS7WE.jpg?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Corals grow in patterns, even if we can’t always see them" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/coral-reef-patterns/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Corals grow in patterns, even if we can’t always see them </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Corals grow in patterns, even if we can’t always see them</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/kate-baggaley/">Kate Baggaley</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/how-wildfire-impacts-ocean/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?quality=85&w=675" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg 2000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=768&h=512 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=1536&h=1024 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=675&h=450 675w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=990&h=660 990w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=600&h=400 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=1254&h=836 1254w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=1035&h=690 1035w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=324&h=216 324w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=606&h=404 606w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=1341&h=894 1341w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=1128&h=752 1128w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=1041&h=694 1041w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=1440&h=960 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/10/WZKBQDUS2OWJJIPMUHIPFVLXHI.jpg?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="(max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="ocean" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/how-wildfire-impacts-ocean/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> California’s wildfires are affecting the oceans—and these researchers are the first to study it </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">California’s wildfires are affecting the oceans—and these researchers are the first to study it</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/nicole-wetsman/">Nicole Wetsman</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/aquatic-animal-crab-eat-without-eating/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?quality=85&w=675" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg 800w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=768&h=512 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=675&h=450 675w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=600&h=400 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=324&h=216 324w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=606&h=404 606w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/6VZ4WLDXJNGEYRBHNJXLCQ354U.jpg?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="(max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="sea star" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/aquatic-animal-crab-eat-without-eating/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> These aquatic creatures eat in seriously strange ways </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">These aquatic creatures eat in seriously strange ways</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/sara-chodosh/">Sara Chodosh</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/ancient-horseshoe-crab-darth-vader/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?quality=85&w=426" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg 560w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=426&h=450 426w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=190&h=200 190w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=379&h=400 379w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=205&h=216 205w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=383&h=404 383w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=280&h=296 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=289&h=305 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=370&h=390 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=308&h=325 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YRYSA4WJLMWHBOULSN4OGTSSBI.jpg?w=47&h=50 47w" sizes="(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="You have to admit that this horseshoe crab looks just like Darth Vader" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/ancient-horseshoe-crab-darth-vader/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> You have to admit that this horseshoe crab looks just like Darth Vader </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">You have to admit that this horseshoe crab looks just like Darth Vader</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/mary-beth-griggs/">Mary Beth Griggs</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-span-full flex justify-center"> <a class="smart-linkpacks-see-more-link no-underline min-w-[281px] w-full md:max-w-[281px] h-auto rounded-3px py-3 px-6 inline-flex justify-center font-bold rounded-grid-post whitespace-nowrap bg-accent-900 text-primary-900 hover:bg-accent-800 focus:bg-accent-800 active:bg-accent-800 hover:text-secondary-100 focus:text-secondary-100 active:text-secondary-100" href="https://www.popsci.com/category/conservation/">SEE MORE</a> </div> <div class="col-span-full pt-8"> <h2 class="flag-heading"> More in Environment </h2> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/ancient-maya-drought-according-to-mineral/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?quality=85&w=600" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg 2048w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=768&h=576 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=1536&h=1152 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=600&h=450 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=267&h=200 267w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=880&h=660 880w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=533&h=400 533w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=1115&h=836 1115w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=920&h=690 920w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=288&h=216 288w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=539&h=404 539w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=1192&h=894 1192w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=1003&h=752 1003w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=925&h=694 925w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=280&h=210 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=1440&h=1080 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=289&h=217 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=370&h=278 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=308&h=231 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/KMC3VMHIOWNVJER6IWLRYEGP6U.jpg?w=50&h=38 50w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Mud at the bottom of a Mexican lake holds secrets about the Maya empire’s demise" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/ancient-maya-drought-according-to-mineral/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Mud at the bottom of a Mexican lake holds secrets about the Maya empire’s demise </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Mud at the bottom of a Mexican lake holds secrets about the Maya empire’s demise</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/lexi-krupp/">Lexi Krupp</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/ostp-pick-kelvin-droegemeier/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?quality=85&w=657" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg 2048w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=768&h=526 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=1536&h=1052 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=657&h=450 657w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=292&h=200 292w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=963&h=660 963w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=584&h=400 584w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=1220&h=836 1220w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=1007&h=690 1007w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=315&h=216 315w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=590&h=404 590w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=1305&h=894 1305w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=1098&h=752 1098w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=1013&h=694 1013w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=280&h=192 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=1440&h=986 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=289&h=198 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=370&h=253 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=308&h=211 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/ERQERFZ77TN2L2QGYG3WIL4GEU.jpg?w=50&h=34 50w" sizes="(max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="What we know about the new head of the Office of Science and Technology Policy" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/ostp-pick-kelvin-droegemeier/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> What we know about the new head of the Office of Science and Technology Policy </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">What we know about the new head of the Office of Science and Technology Policy</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/jennifer-lu/">Jennifer Lu</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/plastic-greenhouse-gas/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?quality=85&w=600" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg 2560w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=768&h=576 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=1536&h=1152 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=2048&h=1536 2048w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=600&h=450 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=267&h=200 267w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=880&h=660 880w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=533&h=400 533w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=1115&h=836 1115w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=920&h=690 920w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=288&h=216 288w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=539&h=404 539w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=1192&h=894 1192w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=1003&h=752 1003w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=925&h=694 925w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=280&h=210 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=1440&h=1080 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=289&h=217 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=370&h=278 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=308&h=231 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/LB7SP3BEGXE36H4JCV5HUZOFP4.jpg?w=50&h=38 50w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Plastic junk spews greenhouse gases, just like cows and cars" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/plastic-greenhouse-gas/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Plastic junk spews greenhouse gases, just like cows and cars </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Plastic junk spews greenhouse gases, just like cows and cars</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/kat-eschner/">Kat Eschner</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/earth-overshoot-day-2018/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?quality=85&w=454" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg 605w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=454&h=450 454w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=202&h=200 202w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=102&h=102 102w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=403&h=400 403w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=218&h=216 218w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=407&h=404 407w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=280&h=278 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=289&h=287 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=370&h=367 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=308&h=305 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/19/RN2IM5BOLNJYVQG56OFYGKVGFQ.jpg?w=50&h=50 50w" sizes="(max-width: 454px) 100vw, 454px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Planet Earth overshoot day" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/earth-overshoot-day-2018/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Earth Overshoot Day came early this year. That’s a bad thing. </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Earth Overshoot Day came early this year. That’s a bad thing.</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/eleanor-cummins/">Eleanor Cummins</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/ozone-hole-global-threat/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg?quality=85&w=630" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg 630w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg?w=285&h=200 285w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg?w=570&h=400 570w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg?w=308&h=216 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg?w=576&h=404 576w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg?w=280&h=196 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg?w=289&h=203 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg?w=370&h=260 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/YAFGEJ4W2JJR4MLXHEJOSSHWN4.jpg?w=50&h=35 50w" sizes="(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="The ozone hole is both an environmental success story and an enduring global threat" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/ozone-hole-global-threat/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> The ozone hole is both an environmental success story and an enduring global threat </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">The ozone hole is both an environmental success story and an enduring global threat</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/shane-keating-and-darryn-waugh-the-conversation/">Shane Keating and Darryn Waugh/The Conversation</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/solar-power-windows-keep-sun-out/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?quality=85&w=675" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg 2560w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=768&h=512 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=1536&h=1024 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=2048&h=1366 2048w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=675&h=450 675w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=990&h=660 990w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=600&h=400 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=1254&h=836 1254w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=1035&h=690 1035w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=324&h=216 324w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=606&h=404 606w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=1341&h=894 1341w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=1128&h=752 1128w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=1041&h=694 1041w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=1440&h=960 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/G6F2DFPQTI24H2UQFC3JIL3BWA.jpg?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="(max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="These windows could keep the sun out while powering your house" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/solar-power-windows-keep-sun-out/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> These windows could keep the sun out while powering your house </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">These windows could keep the sun out while powering your house</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/marlene-cimons/">Marlene Cimons</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/great-hammerheads-haunt-cubas-pristine-reefs/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?quality=85&w=568" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg 1134w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=768&h=609 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=568&h=450 568w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=252&h=200 252w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=833&h=660 833w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=505&h=400 505w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=1055&h=836 1055w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=870&h=690 870w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=272&h=216 272w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=510&h=404 510w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=1128&h=894 1128w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=949&h=752 949w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=875&h=694 875w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=280&h=222 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=289&h=229 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=370&h=293 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=308&h=244 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/T5JHNHL5MWPXGSL4NPQKEZUFNE.jpg?w=50&h=40 50w" sizes="(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Great hammerheads haunt Cuba’s pristine reefs" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/great-hammerheads-haunt-cubas-pristine-reefs/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Great hammerheads haunt Cuba’s pristine reefs </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Great hammerheads haunt Cuba’s pristine reefs</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/lexi-krupp/">Lexi Krupp</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/seuss-lorax-monkey-kenya/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?quality=85&w=675" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg 1280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=768&h=512 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=675&h=450 675w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=300&h=200 300w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=990&h=660 990w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=600&h=400 600w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=1254&h=836 1254w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=1035&h=690 1035w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=324&h=216 324w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=606&h=404 606w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=1128&h=752 1128w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=1041&h=694 1041w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=280&h=187 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=289&h=193 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=370&h=247 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=308&h=205 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18/HQGWL2D2FWEJLRZS7HMSVBBDGM.jpg?w=50&h=33 50w" sizes="(max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Dr. Seuss might have written the Lorax after seeing these creatures in Kenya" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/seuss-lorax-monkey-kenya/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Dr. Seuss might have written the Lorax after seeing these creatures in Kenya </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Dr. Seuss might have written the Lorax after seeing these creatures in Kenya</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/kat-eschner/">Kat Eschner</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-span-full flex justify-center"> <a class="smart-linkpacks-see-more-link no-underline min-w-[281px] w-full md:max-w-[281px] h-auto rounded-3px py-3 px-6 inline-flex justify-center font-bold rounded-grid-post whitespace-nowrap bg-accent-900 text-primary-900 hover:bg-accent-800 focus:bg-accent-800 active:bg-accent-800 hover:text-secondary-100 focus:text-secondary-100 active:text-secondary-100" href="https://www.popsci.com/category/environment/">SEE MORE</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </aside> </div> </main> <footer id="colophon" class="footer bg-black py-8 xl:py-24" role="contentinfo" data-module="SiteFooter"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-logo-wrapper mb-10 xl:mb-14"> <div> <a href="/"> <img class="footer-logo max-w-footer-logo" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/28/popsci_logo-horizontal-white.svg?quality=85&w=128&h=28&crop=1" alt="" width="345" height="28" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="footer-columns-wrapper flex flex-col xl:grid xl:grid-cols-10 mb-10"> <div class="footer-newsletter-wrapper border-r p-4 border-t border-primary-900 mb-5 xl:w-3/4 xl:col-span-2 w-full"> <h2 class="footer-newsletter-heading font-primary font-bold text-white text-base mb-3 w-full">Like science, tech, and DIY projects?</h2> <div class="footer-newsletter-text font-secondary text-white text-sm mb-3"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday.</span></p> </div> <a href="https://link.popsci.com/join/79r/signup-popsci" class="btn bg-transparent border-primary-900 border focus:bg-secondary-focus footer-newsletter-cta hover:bg-primary-900 hover:text-secondary-900 text-white py-1 px-6 mb-3 font-secondary text-sm rounded-grid-post"> Sign up </a> <div class="footer-newsletter-disclaimer font-secondary text-xs text-white xl:w-11/12"> <p>By signing up you agree to our <a href="https://recurrent.io/terms-and-conditions/">Terms of Service</a> and<a href="https://recurrent.io/privacy-policy/"> Privacy Policy.</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="footer-menu-columns order-3 xl:col-span-7" data-module="FooterNav"> <nav class="footer-columns-navigation" aria-label="Footer navigation"> <ul id="footer-columns-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-615506" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-615506"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/science/"><h2 class="inline-block pr-2">Science</h2><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-615684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615684"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/archaeology/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Archaeology</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-664943" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-664943"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/ask-us-anything/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Ask Us Anything</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615686"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/biology/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Biology</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-623484" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-623484"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/dinosaurs/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Dinosaurs</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615688" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615688"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/physics/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Physics</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-623481" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-623481"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/popular-science-videos/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Popular Science Videos</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615507" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615507"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/space/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Space</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-623482" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-623482"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/weirdest-thing-i-learned-this-week/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">The Weirdest Thing I Learned This Week</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-615504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-615504"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/technology/"><h2 class="inline-block pr-2">Technology</h2><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-615689" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615689"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/ai/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">AI</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615690" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615690"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/aviation/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Aviation</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-676314" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-676314"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/best-of-whats-new-2024/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Best of What’s New</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615692" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615692"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/engineering/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Engineering</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615693" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615693"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/internet/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Internet</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615694" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615694"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/military/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Military</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615695" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615695"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/robots/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Robots</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615696" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615696"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/security/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Security</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615697" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615697"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/photography/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Photography</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-615508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-615508"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/environment/"><h2 class="inline-block pr-2">Environment</h2><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-615698" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615698"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/agriculture/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Agriculture</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615699" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615699"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/animals/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Animals</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615700" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615700"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/climate-change/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Climate Change</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615701" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-615701"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/conservation/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Conservation</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615702" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615702"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/energy/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Energy</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615703" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615703"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/sustainability/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Sustainability</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615704" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615704"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/weather/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Weather</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-615705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-615705"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/diy/"><h2 class="inline-block pr-2">DIY</h2><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-615706" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615706"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/life-skills/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Life Skills</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615707" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615707"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/projects/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Projects</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615708" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615708"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/tech-hacks/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Tech Hacks</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-615511" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-615511"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gear/"><h2 class="inline-block pr-2">Gear</h2><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-615709" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615709"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/audio/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Audio</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615710"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/cameras/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Cameras</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615711" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615711"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/computers/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Computers</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615712" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615712"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/fitness-gear/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Fitness Gear</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615713" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615713"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gaming/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Gaming</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615714" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615714"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/gift-guides/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Gift Guides</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615715" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615715"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/home/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Home</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615716" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615716"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/home-theater/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Home Theater</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615717" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615717"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/outdoor-gear/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Outdoor Gear</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615718" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615718"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/phones/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Phones</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615719" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615719"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/tablets/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Tablets</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615720" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-615720"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/category/wearables/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Wearables</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-615513" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-615513"><a href="#"><h2 class="inline-block pr-2">More</h2><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-615514" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-615514"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/editorial-standards/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Editorial Standards</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615515" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-615515"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/product-testing-and-review-guidelines/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">How We Test And Review Products</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615516" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-615516"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/about-us/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">About Us</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-653443" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-653443"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/contact/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Contact Us</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-623912" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-623912"><a href="https://store.popsci.com/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">PopSci Merch</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-623911" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-623911"><a href="https://shop.popsci.com/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">PopSci Shop</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615517" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-615517"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/popsci-plus/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">PopSci+</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615518" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-615518"><a href="https://recurrent.io/privacy-policy/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Privacy Policy</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615519" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-615519"><a href="https://recurrent.io/terms-and-conditions/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Terms & Conditions</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615520" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-615520"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/affiliate-disclosure/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Affiliate Disclosure</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615521" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-615521"><a href="https://www.popsci.com/sitemap/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">Sitemap</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-615683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-615683"><a href="https://depositphotos.com/"><span class="inline-block pr-2">DepositPhotos</span><span class="dropdown-menu-caret"></span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="footer-socials-wrapper mb-5 order-2 xl:order-3 xl:col-span-1"> <h2 class="footer-socials-heading font-primary font-bold text-white xxl-title mb-5">FOLLOW US</h2> <ul class="footer-socials-list flex flex-row items-center xl:flex-col xl:items-start"> <li class="mr-7 xl:mr-0 xl:mb-8"> <a class="flex items-center gap-1 group" href="https://www.facebook.com/PopSci" aria-label="Facebook icon" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <div class="footer-icon-wrapper w-7 h-7 flex items-center flex-shrink-0 [&>svg]:transition-all [&>svg]:duration-300 [&>svg]:group-hover:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-focus:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-active:fill-accent-900"> <svg class="facebook-icon social-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path d="M452,0H60C26.916,0,0,26.916,0,60v392c0,33.084,26.916,60,60,60h392c33.084,0,60-26.916,60-60V60 C512,26.916,485.084,0,452,0z M472,452c0,11.028-8.972,20-20,20H338V309h61.79L410,247h-72v-43c0-16.975,13.025-30,30-30h41v-62 h-41c-50.923,0-91.978,41.25-91.978,92.174V247H216v62h60.022v163H60c-11.028,0-20-8.972-20-20V60c0-11.028,8.972-20,20-20h392 c11.028,0,20,8.972,20,20V452z"/> </svg> </div> </a> </li> <li class="mr-7 xl:mr-0 xl:mb-8"> <a class="flex items-center gap-1 group" href="https://bsky.app/profile/popsci.com" aria-label="Twitter icon" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <div class="footer-icon-wrapper w-7 h-7 flex items-center flex-shrink-0 [&>svg]:transition-all [&>svg]:duration-300 [&>svg]:group-hover:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-focus:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-active:fill-accent-900"> <svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M 8.144531 2.660156 C 12.132812 5.671875 16.425781 11.785156 18 15.0625 C 19.574219 11.785156 23.867188 5.671875 27.855469 2.660156 C 30.734375 0.484375 35.398438 -1.199219 35.398438 4.15625 C 35.398438 5.226562 34.789062 13.140625 34.433594 14.425781 C 33.191406 18.890625 28.664062 20.03125 24.636719 19.339844 C 31.675781 20.546875 33.464844 24.539062 29.601562 28.53125 C 22.257812 36.113281 19.046875 26.628906 18.222656 24.199219 C 18.070312 23.753906 18 23.542969 18 23.722656 C 18 23.542969 17.929688 23.753906 17.777344 24.199219 C 16.953125 26.628906 13.742188 36.113281 6.398438 28.53125 C 2.53125 24.539062 4.324219 20.546875 11.363281 19.339844 C 7.335938 20.03125 2.808594 18.890625 1.566406 14.425781 C 1.210938 13.140625 0.601562 5.226562 0.601562 4.15625 C 0.601562 -1.199219 5.265625 0.484375 8.144531 2.660156 Z M 8.144531 2.660156 "/> </svg> </div> </a> </li> <li class="mr-7 xl:mr-0 xl:mb-8"> <a class="flex items-center gap-1 group" href="https://www.instagram.com/popsci/" aria-label="Instagram icon" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <div class="footer-icon-wrapper w-7 h-7 flex items-center flex-shrink-0 [&>svg]:transition-all [&>svg]:duration-300 [&>svg]:group-hover:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-focus:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-active:fill-accent-900"> <svg class="instagram-icon social-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 169 169"> <path d="M122.406,0H46.654C20.929,0,0,20.93,0,46.655v75.752c0,25.726,20.929,46.655,46.654,46.655h75.752 c25.727,0,46.656-20.93,46.656-46.655V46.655C169.063,20.93,148.133,0,122.406,0z M154.063,122.407 c0,17.455-14.201,31.655-31.656,31.655H46.654C29.2,154.063,15,139.862,15,122.407V46.655C15,29.201,29.2,15,46.654,15h75.752 c17.455,0,31.656,14.201,31.656,31.655V122.407z"/> <path d="M84.531,40.97c-24.021,0-43.563,19.542-43.563,43.563c0,24.02,19.542,43.561,43.563,43.561s43.563-19.541,43.563-43.561 C128.094,60.512,108.552,40.97,84.531,40.97z M84.531,113.093c-15.749,0-28.563-12.812-28.563-28.561 c0-15.75,12.813-28.563,28.563-28.563s28.563,12.813,28.563,28.563C113.094,100.281,100.28,113.093,84.531,113.093z"/> <path d="M129.921,28.251c-2.89,0-5.729,1.17-7.77,3.22c-2.051,2.04-3.23,4.88-3.23,7.78c0,2.891,1.18,5.73,3.23,7.78 c2.04,2.04,4.88,3.22,7.77,3.22c2.9,0,5.73-1.18,7.78-3.22c2.05-2.05,3.22-4.89,3.22-7.78c0-2.9-1.17-5.74-3.22-7.78 C135.661,29.421,132.821,28.251,129.921,28.251z"/> </svg> </div> </a> </li> <li class="mr-7 xl:mr-0 xl:mb-8"> <a class="flex items-center gap-1 group" href="https://www.youtube.com/popsci" aria-label="Youtube icon" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <div class="footer-icon-wrapper w-7 h-7 flex items-center flex-shrink-0 [&>svg]:transition-all [&>svg]:duration-300 [&>svg]:group-hover:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-focus:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-active:fill-accent-900"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path d="m411.234 435.314h-310.468c-55.562 0-100.766-45.203-100.766-100.766v-157.096c0-55.563 45.204-100.766 100.766-100.766h310.468c55.563 0 100.766 45.203 100.766 100.766v157.097c0 55.562-45.203 100.765-100.766 100.765zm-310.468-328.628c-39.02 0-70.766 31.745-70.766 70.766v157.097c0 39.021 31.746 70.766 70.766 70.766h310.468c39.021 0 70.766-31.746 70.766-70.766v-157.097c0-39.021-31.745-70.766-70.766-70.766z"/><path d="m206.297 352.07c-2.524 0-5.051-.636-7.332-1.914-4.735-2.653-7.668-7.658-7.668-13.086v-164.08c0-5.46 2.967-10.489 7.746-13.129 4.779-2.641 10.616-2.476 15.238.431l132.218 83.13c4.393 2.762 7.046 7.599 7.016 12.788-.031 5.189-2.742 9.994-7.168 12.704l-132.217 80.95c-2.401 1.468-5.115 2.206-7.833 2.206zm15-151.931v110.159l88.767-54.347z"/> </svg> </div> </a> </li> <li class="mr-7 xl:mr-0 xl:mb-8"> <a class="flex items-center gap-1 group" href="https://link.popsci.com/join/79r/signup-popsci" aria-label="Newsletter icon" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <div class="footer-icon-wrapper w-7 h-7 flex items-center flex-shrink-0 [&>svg]:transition-all [&>svg]:duration-300 [&>svg]:group-hover:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-focus:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:group-active:fill-accent-900"> <svg class="newsletter-icon social-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m434.146 59.882h-389.234c-24.766 0-44.912 20.146-44.912 44.912v269.47c0 24.766 20.146 44.912 44.912 44.912h389.234c24.766 0 44.912-20.146 44.912-44.912v-269.47c0-24.766-20.146-44.912-44.912-44.912zm0 29.941c2.034 0 3.969.422 5.738 1.159l-200.355 173.649-200.356-173.649c1.769-.736 3.704-1.159 5.738-1.159zm0 299.411h-389.234c-8.26 0-14.971-6.71-14.971-14.971v-251.648l199.778 173.141c2.822 2.441 6.316 3.655 9.81 3.655s6.988-1.213 9.81-3.655l199.778-173.141v251.649c-.001 8.26-6.711 14.97-14.971 14.97z"/> </svg> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer-disclaimer-wrapper"> <hr class="footer-divider mb-8"> <h3 class="text-white/80 block text-xs xl:text-white copyright">DISCLAIMER(S)</h3> <div class="footer-copyright font-tertiary text-xs text-white/80 block xl:text-white copyright"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made.</span><span style="font-weight: 400"><br /> </span><span style="font-weight: 400"><br /> </span><span style="font-weight: 400">Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service.</span><span style="font-weight: 400"><br /> </span><span style="font-weight: 400"><br /> </span><span style="font-weight: 400">© 2025</span><a href="https://recurrent.io/"> <span style="font-weight: 400">Recurrent</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400">. All rights reserved.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>  <style> .wp-block-embed:not(.wp-block-embed-youtube):not(:has(.wp-block-embed__wrapper iframe)), .wp-block-embed:not(.wp-block-embed-youtube):has(.wp-block-embed__wrapper > blockquote) { background-image: url('https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/themes/recurrent-base/assets/post-unavailable.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain; background-color: #bfbfbf; min-height: 300px; } .wp-block-embed:not(.wp-block-embed-youtube):not(:has(.wp-block-embed__wrapper iframe)) .wp-block-embed__wrapper, .wp-block-embed:not(.wp-block-embed-youtube):has(.wp-block-embed__wrapper > blockquote) .wp-block-embed__wrapper { visibility: hidden; } </style><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.popsci.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9FPzskEUrq5pboFOaXpmXnF+kWpyaVFRSC5lMziEv2sYv3ijMSi1BS9rGIdfRJ1phWBFYP02ufaGpobWxqbGBobmWUBANC4MBY=" ></script><script type="text/javascript" id="recurrent-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._amznParam = "0000PS0000414384O0000000020250218080000"; window._amznTag = "camdenxpsc-20"; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/themes/recurrent-base/js/app.js?ver=1739341327" id="recurrent-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/recurrent/dist/js/lightbox.js?m=1739341326g" ></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202508.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"233338632\",\"post\":\"414384\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"www.popsci.com\",\"hp\":\"vip\",\"j\":\"1:14.2.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "233338632", "414384" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js?ver=0.1" id="twitter-widgets-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="skim-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var skimlinks_settings = {"skimlinks_exclude":["shop-links.co", "shop-edits.co", "amazon.com"]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="//s.skimresources.com/js/138113X1700773.skimlinks.js" id="skim-script-js"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" async src="//cdn.intergient.com/1025364/75188/ramp.js"></script>  </body> </html>