CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>建筑物 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"96a37002-456d-4dce-82bd-b641ee9dd281","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"建筑物","wgTitle":"建筑物","wgCurRevisionId":83933361,"wgRevisionId":83933361,"wgArticleId":17089,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1英语来源 (en)","使用多个图像且自动缩放的页面","包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目","包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目", "包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目","包含KULTURNAV标识符的维基百科条目","包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目","建築物"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"建筑物","wgRelevantArticleId":17089,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q41176","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init" :"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.ilhpp","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg/1200px-Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="856"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg/800px-Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="571"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg/640px-Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="457"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="建筑物 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-建筑物 rootpage-建筑物 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="主菜单" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-區別" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#區別"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>區別</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-區別-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建築的藝術性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建築的藝術性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>建築的藝術性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建築的藝術性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建築物的使用與限制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建築物的使用與限制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>建築物的使用與限制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建築物的使用與限制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建築物種類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建築物種類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>建築物種類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建築物種類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建筑损坏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建筑损坏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>建筑损坏</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建筑损坏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">建筑物</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。111种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebou" title="Gebou – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gebou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%A4ude" title="Gebäude – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gebäude" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89" title="مبنى – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مبنى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܒܢܝܢܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܢܝܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificiu" title="Edificiu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edificiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina" title="Bina – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بینا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بینا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edipisyo" title="Edipisyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Edipisyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Будынак – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Будынак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Будынак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Будынак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Сграда – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сграда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="ভবন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savadur" title="Savadur – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Savadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgrada" title="Zgrada – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zgrada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edifici" title="Edifici – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edifici" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بینا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بینا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budova" title="Budova – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Budova" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Çурт – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeilad" title="Adeilad – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adeilad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygning" title="Bygning – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bygning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%A4ude" title="Gebäude – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gebäude" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κτήριο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κτήριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building" title="Building – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Building" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstrua%C4%B5o" title="Konstruaĵo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstruaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoone" title="Hoone – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hoone" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraikin" title="Eraikin – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eraikin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificiu" title="Edificiu – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Edificiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساختمان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساختمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakennus" title="Rakennus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rakennus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2timent_(construction)" title="Bâtiment (construction) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bâtiment (construction)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouwurk" title="Bouwurk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bouwurk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foirgneamh" title="Foirgneamh – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foirgneamh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ga_yvate" title="Óga yvate – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Óga yvate" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="בניין (מבנה) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בניין (מבנה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="भवन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भवन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgrada" title="Zgrada – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zgrada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%BClet" title="Épület – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Épület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begunan" title="Begunan – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Begunan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangunan" title="Bangunan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bangunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edifico" title="Edifico – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Edifico" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygging" title="Bygging – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bygging" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" title="建築物 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="建築物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewangunan" title="Wewangunan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wewangunan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="შენობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შენობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A1" title="ಕಟ್ಟಡ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಟ್ಟಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%B6%95%EB%AC%BC" title="건축물 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="건축물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avah%C3%AE" title="Avahî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Avahî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedificium" title="Aedificium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aedificium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebai" title="Gebai – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gebai" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastatas" title="Pastatas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pastatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuorms" title="Kuorms – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kuorms" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtne" title="Celtne – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Celtne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangunan" title="Bangunan – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bangunan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Градба – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Градба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Байшин – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Байшин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="इमारत – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इमारत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangunan" title="Bangunan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bangunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calli" title="Calli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Calli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolwark" title="Bolwark – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bolwark" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="भवन – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भवन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="भवन – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भवन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebouw" title="Gebouw – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gebouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygning" title="Bygning – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bygning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygning" title="Bygning – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bygning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਇਮਾਰਤ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਮਾਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilding" title="Bilding – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Bilding" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budynek" title="Budynek – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Budynek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="عمارت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عمارت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8D" title="ودانۍ – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ودانۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edif%C3%ADcio" title="Edifício – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edifício" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasichay" title="Wasichay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wasichay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C4%83dire" title="Clădire – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clădire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acareti" title="Acareti – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Acareti" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Здание – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Здание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Будова – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Будова" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83" title="Тутуу – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тутуу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biggin" title="Biggin – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Biggin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgrada" title="Zgrada – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zgrada" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building" title="Building – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Building" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budova" title="Budova – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Budova" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavba" title="Stavba – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stavba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhisme" title="Dhisme – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhisme" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godina" title="Godina – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Godina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Зграда – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зграда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggnad" title="Byggnad – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Byggnad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jengo" title="Jengo – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jengo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கட்டிடம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டிடம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="భవనం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భవనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Бино – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бино" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="อาคาร – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาคาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusali" title="Gusali – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gusali" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina" title="Bina – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomangamanga" title="Zomangamanga – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Zomangamanga" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adan" title="Adan – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Adan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Будівля – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Будівля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="عمارت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bino" title="Bino – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bino" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0" title="Tòa nhà – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tòa nhà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumot" title="Bumot – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bumot" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edifisyo" title="Edifisyo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Edifisyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" title="建築物 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="建築物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A0n-tio%CC%8Dk-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%93" title="樓 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="樓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isakhiwo" title="Isakhiwo – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isakhiwo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41176#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&oldid=83933361" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&id=83933361&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AD%2591%25E7%2589%25A9"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AD%2591%25E7%2589%25A9"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buildings" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41176" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此條目介紹的是建筑物。关于非建筑结构物，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="結構物">结构物</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:393px;max-width:393px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg/120px-Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg/180px-Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg/240px-Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg 2x" data-file-width="9488" data-file-height="6768" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philae_temple_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Philae_temple_at_night.jpg/138px-Philae_temple_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Philae_temple_at_night.jpg/207px-Philae_temple_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Philae_temple_at_night.jpg/276px-Philae_temple_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="1517" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_(16).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg/122px-Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg/183px-Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg/244px-Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4626" data-file-height="3248" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beauty_of_khajuraho_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Beauty_of_khajuraho_temple.jpg/116px-Beauty_of_khajuraho_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Beauty_of_khajuraho_temple.jpg/174px-Beauty_of_khajuraho_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Beauty_of_khajuraho_temple.jpg/232px-Beauty_of_khajuraho_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3601" data-file-height="2730" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:11_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/11_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg/132px-11_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/11_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg/198px-11_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/11_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg/264px-11_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_0423_Ravenna_(132).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/2017_0423_Ravenna_%28132%29.jpg/132px-2017_0423_Ravenna_%28132%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/2017_0423_Ravenna_%28132%29.jpg/198px-2017_0423_Ravenna_%28132%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/2017_0423_Ravenna_%28132%29.jpg/264px-2017_0423_Ravenna_%28132%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badshahi_Mosque_front_picture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Badshahi_Mosque_front_picture.jpg/127px-Badshahi_Mosque_front_picture.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Badshahi_Mosque_front_picture.jpg/191px-Badshahi_Mosque_front_picture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Badshahi_Mosque_front_picture.jpg/254px-Badshahi_Mosque_front_picture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durham_Cathedral_Nave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Durham_Cathedral_Nave.jpg/127px-Durham_Cathedral_Nave.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Durham_Cathedral_Nave.jpg/191px-Durham_Cathedral_Nave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Durham_Cathedral_Nave.jpg/254px-Durham_Cathedral_Nave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8687" data-file-height="5791" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg/127px-Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg/191px-Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg/254px-Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5904" data-file-height="3936" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:75px;max-width:75px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tempietto_di_San_Pietro_in_Montorio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tempietto_di_San_Pietro_in_Montorio.jpg/73px-Tempietto_di_San_Pietro_in_Montorio.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tempietto_di_San_Pietro_in_Montorio.jpg/110px-Tempietto_di_San_Pietro_in_Montorio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tempietto_di_San_Pietro_in_Montorio.jpg/146px-Tempietto_di_San_Pietro_in_Montorio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3549" data-file-height="5364" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg/159px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg/239px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg/318px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="2775" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boiserie_from_the_H%C3%B4tel_de_Varengeville_MET_DP159273.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Boiserie_from_the_H%C3%B4tel_de_Varengeville_MET_DP159273.jpg/148px-Boiserie_from_the_H%C3%B4tel_de_Varengeville_MET_DP159273.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Boiserie_from_the_H%C3%B4tel_de_Varengeville_MET_DP159273.jpg/222px-Boiserie_from_the_H%C3%B4tel_de_Varengeville_MET_DP159273.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Boiserie_from_the_H%C3%B4tel_de_Varengeville_MET_DP159273.jpg/296px-Boiserie_from_the_H%C3%B4tel_de_Varengeville_MET_DP159273.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1501" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG/146px-West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="146" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG/219px-West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG/292px-West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2946" data-file-height="2102" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/130px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/195px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/260px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4726" data-file-height="3805" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:106px;max-width:106px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castel_B%C3%A9ranger,_February_16,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg/104px-Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg/156px-Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg/208px-Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es,_21_April_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg/131px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg/197px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg/262px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2909" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG/117px-Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG/176px-Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG/234px-Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_(35736927202).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg/132px-Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg/198px-Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg/264px-Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg/148px-Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg/222px-Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg/296px-Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5437" data-file-height="3625" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:86px;max-width:86px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg/84px-Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg/126px-Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg/168px-Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2891" data-file-height="3370" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg/148px-20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg/222px-20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg/296px-20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5975" data-file-height="3980" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:79px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NL-zaanse-schans-zinngiesserei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NL-zaanse-schans-zinngiesserei.jpg/119px-NL-zaanse-schans-zinngiesserei.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NL-zaanse-schans-zinngiesserei.jpg/179px-NL-zaanse-schans-zinngiesserei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NL-zaanse-schans-zinngiesserei.jpg/238px-NL-zaanse-schans-zinngiesserei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3895" data-file-height="2597" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:79px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chichen_Itza_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/149px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/224px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/298px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9771" data-file-height="5197" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:79px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pantheon_2,_Paris_May_11,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg/112px-Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg/168px-Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg/224px-Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4495" data-file-height="3174" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_BCU_(40641836163).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg/153px-2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg/230px-2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg/306px-2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucuresti,_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._(CASA_ASSAN)_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._(B-II-m-B-19009).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg/153px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg/230px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg/306px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:76px;max-width:76px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg/74px-A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg/111px-A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg/148px-A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2193" data-file-height="3428" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marburg,_Fachwerkhaus_von_1321_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Marburg%2C_Fachwerkhaus_von_1321_%282%29.jpg/250px-Marburg%2C_Fachwerkhaus_von_1321_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Marburg%2C_Fachwerkhaus_von_1321_%282%29.jpg/375px-Marburg%2C_Fachwerkhaus_von_1321_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Marburg%2C_Fachwerkhaus_von_1321_%282%29.jpg/500px-Marburg%2C_Fachwerkhaus_von_1321_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2490" data-file-height="2019" /></a><figcaption>東歐式石木混造建築</figcaption></figure> <p><b>建筑物</b>是一種含有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%BA" title="地基">地基</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E6%89%89" title="門扉">門</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%97" title="窗">窗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E9%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="屋頂">屋頂</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%99%E5%A3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="墙壁">牆壁</a>等構件並且或多或少永久佇立於一個地點的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E5%B1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="房屋">房屋</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="結構物">結構物</a>，一般指人们或为了其可观赏之<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="形象">形象</a>、或为了其可使用之<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="空间">空间</a>的，相对于地面固定且有一定存在时间的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人造物（页面不存在）">人造物</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egenhofer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>它是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%AD%A6" title="建筑学">建筑学</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="建筑设计">建筑设计</a>研究的对象。汉语中，建筑物和建筑学都有时会称“建筑”，从而引起某种程度的混淆。 </p><p>一般情况下，建筑物建造出来的目的既侧重于得到人可以活动的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建筑空间（页面不存在）">建筑空间</a>——建筑物内部的空间(<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="现代主义建筑">现代主义建筑</a>非常强调这点)或/和建筑物外部之间围合而成的空间（比如城市中的市民广场）；也侧重于获得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建筑形象（页面不存在）">建筑形象</a>——建筑物的外部形象（如<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91" title="纪念碑">纪念碑</a>）或/和建筑物的内部形象（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>）。这其中，重在获得可使用的内部空间和/或可观赏的外部形象的建筑物往往是多数。那些并不重在获取内部空间也不重在获得外部形象，而是重在行使除前所述外的其它特定作用的人造物，则可能被称作“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%84%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="构筑物">构筑物</a>”或“构造物”，比如水坝、电线铁塔等。而有些则可能介于“建筑物”和“构筑物”之间，比如电视塔，一方面它重在电视信号的发射、一方面它也比较被人们重视于展示其外部形象。 </p><p>人類藉著興建各種<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD" title="基础设施">建築群</a>，提供社會運作的空間或機能需求。它们往往都具备人能居住、宗教、商业、生产等活动的稳定<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="空间">空间</a>，是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人造自然（页面不存在）">人造自然</a>的主体。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%8F%B2" title="建筑史">建築史</a></div> <p>公元前18000年左右，人類歷史上即有房屋建築結構問世的記錄。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 建築物在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="新石器時代">新石器時代</a>開始變得普遍（見<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新石器時代建築" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neolithic architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新石器時代建築（页面不存在）">新石器時代建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Neolithic architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neolithic architecture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="區別"><span id=".E5.8D.80.E5.88.A5"></span>區別</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：區別"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有些分類為了明確表達使用性，會將建築物與人們不長期佔用的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%89%A9" title="非建築結構物">非建築結構物</a>區別，另外有些<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="建築學">建築學</a>者也為了避免混淆，而刻意在其中把外型經過人們具有<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="意識">意識</a>創作出來的建築物細分為「建築」（Architecture）。需注意的是，有时建筑物也可能会被扩展到包涵“非建筑构筑物”，诸如桥梁、电塔、隧道等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="建築的藝術性"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AF.89.E7.9A.84.E8.97.9D.E8.A1.93.E6.80.A7"></span>建築的藝術性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：建築的藝術性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seattle_Central_Library_by_architect_Rem_Koolhaas,_view_from_5th_Ave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seattle_Central_Library_by_architect_Rem_Koolhaas%2C_view_from_5th_Ave.jpg/200px-Seattle_Central_Library_by_architect_Rem_Koolhaas%2C_view_from_5th_Ave.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seattle_Central_Library_by_architect_Rem_Koolhaas%2C_view_from_5th_Ave.jpg/300px-Seattle_Central_Library_by_architect_Rem_Koolhaas%2C_view_from_5th_Ave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Seattle_Central_Library_by_architect_Rem_Koolhaas%2C_view_from_5th_Ave.jpg/400px-Seattle_Central_Library_by_architect_Rem_Koolhaas%2C_view_from_5th_Ave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭大都會建築事務所">荷蘭大都會建築事務所</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="雷姆·庫哈斯">雷姆·庫哈斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9B%85%E5%9C%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="西雅圖中央圖書館">西雅圖中央圖書館</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>建築</b>（Architecture）是人類藉突發的想像力，或模仿<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="自然界">自然界</a>的形態，對居住環境進行改善而構築的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人造物（页面不存在）">人造物</a>，有時是結合許多人經過長時間的持續工作才能完成。一般認為「建築」與「建築物」（building）或「<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%89%A9" title="非建築結構物">構造物</a>」（structure）是有所區別的，因為建築通常具有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="美學">美學</a>的意義或特徵，有時也具有特殊的象徵性。 </p><p>世界上絕大多數的建築物純粹是為了使用機能而建造的，但透過人們追求<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E7%BE%8E%E6%84%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視覺美感（页面不存在）">視覺美感</a>的天性，多數建築物具有美的特質，有些是因為符合<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="力學原理（页面不存在）">力學原理</a>，自然產生的穩定感；有些是因使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地域性（页面不存在）">地域性</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然材料（页面不存在）">自然材料</a>，與環境相融形成的和諧；而其餘那些經由設計師或使用者刻意進行美化（修飾視覺角度、添加<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%9D%E9%A3%BE%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裝飾物（页面不存在）">裝飾物</a>、增加<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%B0%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="細部（页面不存在）">細部</a>等）的建築物，就被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="建築">建築</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%AC%9D%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="弗里德里希·謝林">弗里德里希·謝林</a>在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藝術的哲學（页面不存在）">藝術的哲學</a>》裡說：建筑是凝固的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="音乐">音乐</a>（Architecture is frozen music.）；另外也有人说：建筑是一首哲理<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="诗">诗</a>，这都说明了建筑的艺术性。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="建築物的使用與限制"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AF.89.E7.89.A9.E7.9A.84.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E8.88.87.E9.99.90.E5.88.B6"></span>建築物的使用與限制</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：建築物的使用與限制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>建築物雖有時展現<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藝術">藝術</a>性或<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5" title="象徵">象徵</a>性，但主要仍是因其功能而建造，建築物多半是為了克服自然環境的挑戰與限制，從「遮風」（<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%86" class="mw-redirect" title="牆">牆</a>）、「避雨」（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E9%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="屋頂">屋頂</a>），到跨越河流聯繫兩地（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E6%A8%91" class="mw-redirect" title="橋樑">橋樑</a>），有時為了避免阻擋選擇架高（無線電塔），有時則選擇穿越（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="隧道">隧道</a>）。當人們的需求增加時，建築物也開始呈現<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巨大化（页面不存在）">巨大化</a>，便產生限制，一般而言，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="技术">技术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B)" title="功能 (工程)">機能</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4" title="法令">法令</a>甚至是經費都是建築物主要的限制。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="建築物種類"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AF.89.E7.89.A9.E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E"></span>建築物種類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：建築物種類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="建築物的類型列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of building types"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建築物的類型列表（页面不存在）">建築物的類型列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_building_types" class="extiw" title="en:List of building types"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of building types</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></div> <p>建築物（供人們生活行為使用之空間）依其功能大致可分為： </p> <ul><li>居住空間，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E6%AE%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="宫殿">宫殿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E9%82%B8" title="官邸">官邸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%92%E6%9E%97" title="園林">園林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E8%88%8D" title="宿舍">宿舍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="民居">民居</a>等</li> <li>辦公空間，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AB%E5%AD%97%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="寫字樓">寫字樓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="政府部門">政府部門</a>辦公室、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="法院">法院</a>等</li> <li>商業建築，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%A0%B4" title="商場">商場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="交易所">交易所</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="金融中心">金融中心</a>等</li> <li>娛樂建築，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97" title="酒店">酒店</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%81%87%E6%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="渡假村">渡假村</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9B%E5%BE%85%E6%89%80" title="招待所">招待所</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4" title="劇場">劇場</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2" title="歌劇院">歌劇院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E9%99%A2" title="電影院">電影院</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%92" title="遊樂園">遊樂園</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="主題公園">主題公園</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%B1%E6%A8%82%E9%83%A8" title="俱樂部">俱樂部</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E5%BB%B3" title="舞廳">舞廳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AD%E5%A0%B4" title="賭場">賭場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E5%BB%93" title="遊廓">遊廓</a>等</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%BA%E5%9C%B0" title="体育场地">體育設施</a>，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E5%A0%B4" title="體育場">體育場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E9%A4%A8" title="體育館">體育館</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E8%9B%8B" title="巨蛋">巨蛋</a>）等。</li> <li>宗教活動，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BA%E5%BA%99" title="寺庙">寺庙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a>等</li> <li>科研教育，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="學校">學校</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="博物館">博物館</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="圖書館">圖書館</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%92%E5%8D%80" title="科學園區">科學園區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="研究中心">研究中心</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="實驗室">實驗室</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" title="醫院">醫院</a>等</li> <li>交通運輸，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="車站">車站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="機場">機場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%8F%B0" title="塔台">塔台</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%88%E5%A1%94" class="mw-redirect" title="燈塔">燈塔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="港口">港口</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E6%A8%91" class="mw-redirect" title="橋樑">橋樑</a>等</li> <li>軍事防禦，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1" title="城堡">城堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E5%BE%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%8B" title="防御工事">堡壘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%81%E5%A1%9E" title="要塞">要塞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B2%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="砲台">砲台</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E7%87%9F" title="軍營">軍營</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%A8%93" class="mw-disambig" title="塔樓">塔樓</a>等</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" title="紀念建築物">紀念先人</a>，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%A0%E5%A0%82" title="祠堂">祠堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="紀念館">紀念館</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91" class="mw-redirect" title="紀念碑">紀念碑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%89%A9" title="紀念物">紀念物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%9F%E5%A2%93" title="坟墓">坟墓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B5%E5%A2%93" title="陵墓">陵墓</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="金字塔">金字塔</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E5%A1%94" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="寶塔">寶塔</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%A1%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舍利塔（页面不存在）">舍利塔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E9%AA%A8%E5%A1%94" title="納骨塔">納骨塔</a>）等</li></ul> <p>构筑物包括： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%A4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="堤壩">堤坝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="隧道">隧道</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%BF%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="矿道（页面不存在）">矿道</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierrefonds6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="法國皮耶楓城堡"><img alt="法國皮耶楓城堡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pierrefonds6.jpg/120px-Pierrefonds6.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pierrefonds6.jpg/180px-Pierrefonds6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pierrefonds6.jpg/240px-Pierrefonds6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">法國皮耶楓城堡</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="美國胡佛水壩"><img alt="美國胡佛水壩" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg/120px-Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg/180px-Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg/240px-Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">美國<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" title="胡佛水壩">胡佛水壩</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seikan-tunnel-yoshioka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本青函海底隧道"><img alt="日本青函海底隧道" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seikan-tunnel-yoshioka.jpg/120px-Seikan-tunnel-yoshioka.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seikan-tunnel-yoshioka.jpg/180px-Seikan-tunnel-yoshioka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seikan-tunnel-yoshioka.jpg/240px-Seikan-tunnel-yoshioka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">日本<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%87%BD%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="青函隧道">青函海底隧道</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="越南河內大劇院"><img alt="越南河內大劇院" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2.JPG/120px-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2.JPG/180px-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2.JPG/240px-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">越南<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2" title="河內大劇院">河內大劇院</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="建筑损坏"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AD.91.E6.8D.9F.E5.9D.8F"></span>建筑损坏</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：建筑损坏"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville,_Quebec,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/220px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/330px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/440px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1682" /></a><figcaption>被<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%81%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="火灾">火灾</a>吞噬的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魁北克">魁北克</a>省<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massueville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massueville（页面不存在）">Massueville</a>的一座建筑</figcaption></figure> <p>建筑物可能在建造或维护过程中受损。它们可能由于事故、暴风雨、爆炸、采矿引起的地基沉降<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、抽水<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、地基不稳<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或滑坡<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而受损。建筑物可能遭受火灾损坏<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和洪水损坏<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。建筑物还可能因缺乏适当的维护或不当的改建工作而变得破旧。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Egenhofer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Max J. Egenhofer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kH8gcJvVWfIC&pg=PA110">Geographic Information Science: Second International Conference, GIScience 2002, Boulder, CO, USA, September 25–28, 2002. Proceedings</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. 2002: 110. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-540-44253-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-540-44253-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-3-540-44253-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.au=Max+J.+Egenhofer&rft.btitle=Geographic+Information+Science%3A+Second+International+Conference%2C+GIScience+2002%2C+Boulder%2C+CO%2C+USA%2C+September+25%E2%80%9328%2C+2002.+Proceedings&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-540-44253-0&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkH8gcJvVWfIC%26pg%3DPA110&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dunn_(biologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Dunn (biologist)（页面不存在）">Rob Dunn</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html?full=true">Meet the lodgers: Wildlife in the great indoors</a>. New Scientist. Aug 23, 2014: 34–37. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031849/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html?full=true">存档</a>于2014-11-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.atitle=Meet+the+lodgers%3A+Wildlife+in+the+great+indoors&rft.au=Rob+Dunn&rft.date=2014-08-23&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.pages=34-37&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html%3Ffull%3Dtrue&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pace, Anthony. Tarxien. Daniel Cilia (编). Malta before History – The World's Oldest Free Standing Stone Architecture. Miranda Publishers. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-9990985085" title="Special:网络书源/978-9990985085"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-9990985085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.atitle=Tarxien&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.aulast=Pace&rft.btitle=Malta+before+History+%E2%80%93+The+World%27s+Oldest+Free+Standing+Stone+Architecture&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-9990985085&rft.pub=Miranda+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140214231334/http://www.pb.unimelb.edu.au/emergency/emergencies/internal/buildingdamage.html">Building Damage</a>. Pb.unimelb.edu.au. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-08-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pb.unimelb.edu.au/emergency/emergencies/internal/buildingdamage.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-02-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.btitle=Building+Damage&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pb.unimelb.edu.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pb.unimelb.edu.au%2Femergency%2Femergencies%2Finternal%2Fbuildingdamage.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Herrera, G.; Álvarez Fernández, M.I.; Tomás, R.; González-Nicieza, C.; López-Sánchez, J.M.; Álvarez Vigil, A.E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1350630712000465">Forensic analysis of buildings affected by mining subsidence based on Differential Interferometry (Part III)</a>. Engineering Failure Analysis. September 2012, <b>24</b>: 67–76 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-08-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.engfailanal.2012.03.003"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2012.03.003</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/20.500.12468%2F749"><span title="Handle System">hdl:20.500.12468/749</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240711131709/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1350630712000465">存档</a>于2024-07-11） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.atitle=Forensic+analysis+of+buildings+affected+by+mining+subsidence+based+on+Differential+Interferometry+%28Part+III%29&rft.au=%C3%81lvarez+Fern%C3%A1ndez%2C+M.I.&rft.au=%C3%81lvarez+Vigil%2C+A.E.&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez-Nicieza%2C+C.&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez-S%C3%A1nchez%2C+J.M.&rft.au=Tom%C3%A1s%2C+R.&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.aulast=Herrera&rft.date=2012-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering+Failure+Analysis&rft.pages=67-76&rft.volume=24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1350630712000465&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.engfailanal.2012.03.003&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12468%2F749&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bru, G.; Herrera, G.; Tomás, R.; Duro, J.; Vega, R. De la; Mulas, J. Control of deformation of buildings affected by subsidence using persistent scatterer interferometry. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. 2013-02-01, <b>9</b> (2): 188–200. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-2479"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1573-2479</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110521863"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 110521863</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15732479.2010.519710"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1080/15732479.2010.519710</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.atitle=Control+of+deformation+of+buildings+affected+by+subsidence+using+persistent+scatterer+interferometry&rft.au=Duro%2C+J.&rft.au=Herrera%2C+G.&rft.au=Mulas%2C+J.&rft.au=Tom%C3%A1s%2C+R.&rft.au=Vega%2C+R.+De+la&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.aulast=Bru&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1573-2479&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Structure+and+Infrastructure+Engineering&rft.pages=188-200&rft.volume=9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A110521863&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15732479.2010.519710&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Soldato, Matteo Del; Bianchini, Silvia; Calcaterra, Domenico; Vita, Pantaleone De; Martire, Diego Di; Tomás, Roberto; Casagli, Nicola. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1094374/2/A%20new%20approach%20for%20landslide%20induced%20damage%20assessment.pdf">A new approach for landslide-induced damage assessment</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 2017-07-12, <b>8</b> (2): 1524–1537 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-08-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GNHR....8.1524D"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2017GNHR....8.1524D</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1947-5705"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1947-5705</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73697187"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 73697187</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19475705.2017.1347896"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1080/19475705.2017.1347896</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624201148/https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1094374/2/A%20new%20approach%20for%20landslide%20induced%20damage%20assessment.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2023-06-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.atitle=A+new+approach+for+landslide-induced+damage+assessment&rft.au=Bianchini%2C+Silvia&rft.au=Calcaterra%2C+Domenico&rft.au=Casagli%2C+Nicola&rft.au=Martire%2C+Diego+Di&rft.au=Tom%C3%A1s%2C+Roberto&rft.au=Vita%2C+Pantaleone+De&rft.aufirst=Matteo+Del&rft.aulast=Soldato&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1947-5705&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Geomatics%2C+Natural+Hazards+and+Risk&rft.pages=1524-1537&rft.volume=8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A73697187&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflore.unifi.it%2Fbitstream%2F2158%2F1094374%2F2%2FA%2520new%2520approach%2520for%2520landslide%2520induced%2520damage%2520assessment.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017GNHR....8.1524D&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19475705.2017.1347896&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Brotóns, V.; Tomás, R.; Ivorra, S.; Alarcón, J. C. Temperature influence on the physical and mechanical properties of a porous rock: San Julian's calcarenite. Engineering Geology. 2013-12-17, <b>167</b> (Supplement C): 117–127. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EngGe.167..117B"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2013EngGe.167..117B</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2013.10.012"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.012</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.atitle=Temperature+influence+on+the+physical+and+mechanical+properties+of+a+porous+rock%3A+San+Julian%27s+calcarenite&rft.au=Alarc%C3%B3n%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Ivorra%2C+S.&rft.au=Tom%C3%A1s%2C+R.&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.aulast=Brot%C3%B3ns&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=Supplement+C&rft.jtitle=Engineering+Geology&rft.pages=117-127&rft.volume=167&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013EngGe.167..117B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2013.10.012&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cuachongchayskylight.vn/cua-thep-cong-nghiep/">Cửa thép công nghiệp</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-08-07</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.btitle=C%E1%BB%ADa+th%C3%A9p+c%C3%B4ng+nghi%E1%BB%87p&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcuachongchayskylight.vn%2Fcua-thep-cong-nghiep%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tomás, R.; Cano, M.; Pulgarín, L.F.; Brotóns, V.; Benavente, D.; Miranda, T.; Vasconcelos, G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352710221006811">Thermal effect of high temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of a granite used in UNESCO World Heritage sites in north Portugal</a>. Journal of Building Engineering. November 2021, <b>43</b>: 102823 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-08-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jobe.2021.102823"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102823</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/10045%2F115630"><span title="Handle System">hdl:10045/115630</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615042411/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352710221006811">存档</a>于2024-06-15） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.atitle=Thermal+effect+of+high+temperatures+on+the+physical+and+mechanical+properties+of+a+granite+used+in+UNESCO+World+Heritage+sites+in+north+Portugal&rft.au=Benavente%2C+D.&rft.au=Brot%C3%B3ns%2C+V.&rft.au=Cano%2C+M.&rft.au=Miranda%2C+T.&rft.au=Pulgar%C3%ADn%2C+L.F.&rft.au=Vasconcelos%2C+G.&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.aulast=Tom%C3%A1s&rft.date=2021-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Building+Engineering&rft.pages=102823&rft.volume=43&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2352710221006811&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jobe.2021.102823&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10045%2F115630&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Marvi, Morteza T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03941-w">A review of flood damage analysis for a building structure and contents</a>. Natural Hazards. 2020-07-01, <b>102</b> (3): 967–995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatHa.102..967M"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2020NatHa.102..967M</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0840"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1573-0840</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11069-020-03941-w"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/s11069-020-03941-w</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&rft.atitle=A+review+of+flood+damage+analysis+for+a+building+structure+and+contents&rft.aufirst=Morteza+T.&rft.aulast=Marvi&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1573-0840&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Natural+Hazards&rft.pages=967-995&rft.volume=102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs11069-020-03941-w&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NatHa.102..967M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11069-020-03941-w&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82553231">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important;padding:0!important}}.mw-parser-output table.multicol{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top!important}</style> <div> <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="建筑设计">建筑设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B8%88" title="建筑师">建筑师</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%8F%B2" title="建筑史">建筑史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方建筑（页面不存在）">西方建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="古典建筑">古典建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="新古典主义建筑">新古典主义建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="现代主义建筑">现代主义建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="后现代主义建筑">后现代主义建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="現代化環保建築（页面不存在）">現代化環保建築</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="自然建築">自然建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E7%A2%B3%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="零碳建築">零碳建築</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="現代化數位建築（页面不存在）">現代化數位建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD" title="建築整合太陽能">建築整合太陽能</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结构主义建筑（页面不存在）">结构主义建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="解构主义建筑">解构主义建筑</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD" title="基础设施">基础设施</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%B8%8E%E6%B0%91%E7%94%A8%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工业与民用建筑（页面不存在）">工业与民用建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E6%A8%93" title="摩天大樓">摩天大樓</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E6%A8%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="摩天大樓列表">摩天大樓列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%97%E6%88%BF" title="套房">套房</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="國宅">國宅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AF%93" title="公寓">公寓</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%AF%E5%BB%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="華廈（页面不存在）">華廈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="大樓">大樓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%BF" title="平房">平房</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A5%E5%A2%85" class="mw-redirect" title="別墅">別墅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B3%E7%AF%B7" title="帳篷">帳篷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E6%B3%95%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="浮法玻璃">浮法玻璃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="建筑学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="Template:建築"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="Template talk:建築"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:建築"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="建筑学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%AD%A6" title="建筑学">建筑学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="民居">民居</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E6%A8%93" title="摩天大樓">摩天大樓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%89%A9" title="非建築結構物">非建築結構物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94" title="塔">塔</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="塔式建築">塔式建築</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:101.tall.altonthompson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/101.tall.altonthompson.jpg/100px-101.tall.altonthompson.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/101.tall.altonthompson.jpg/150px-101.tall.altonthompson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/101.tall.altonthompson.jpg/200px-101.tall.altonthompson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5" title="建筑施工">施工</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建筑工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="建筑材料">建築材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="建築結構">建筑结构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E5%AE%87%E8%A3%9D%E5%82%99%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="屋宇裝備工程">屋宇裝備工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="建筑光学">建築光学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="建築技術">建築技術</a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">结构类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="木结构">木结构</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%9C%A8%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="半木构造建筑">半木构造建筑</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国传统木构建筑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Chinese wooden architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E6%9C%A8%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国传统木构建筑（页面不存在）">中国传统木构建筑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_wooden_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Chinese wooden architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Chinese wooden architecture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%8C%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="砌体结构">砌体结构</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%96%E6%9C%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砖木结构（页面不存在）">砖木结构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A2%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="钢结构">钢结构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="框架结构">框架结构</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="结构力学">结构力学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%8F%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="結構反力">結構反力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%94%AF%E6%89%BF" title="結構支承">結構支承</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%A7%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="結構構件">結構構件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E" title="結構節點">結構節點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E8%8D%B7%E9%87%8D" title="結構荷重">結構荷重</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%BA%A6_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6)" title="自由度 (工程学)">自由度</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">环境</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="城市规划">城市规划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="城市设计">城市設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%AD%E6%9E%97%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="园林设计">园林設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="景觀設計">景觀設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%88%90%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="建成环境">建成环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E5%8C%96" title="綠化">綠化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="智能建筑">智能建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="永續設計">永續設計</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="建筑经济">建筑经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B8%88" title="建筑师">建筑师</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="建築工人">工人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="建筑理论">建築理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="職業安全">職業安全</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="建筑美学">建筑美学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关模板</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%88%BF%E5%B1%8B" title="Template:房屋">Template:房屋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41176#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41176#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41176#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/840962/">FAST</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Constructions"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133184590">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Constructions"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133184590">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gebäude"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4156127-2">德国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007292529705171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Buildings"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85017769">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/nl021hv61spd5n2">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000056325&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565595">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="budovy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114208&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300004792">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/9d1848fe-5e0e-436c-92d1-67f425449148">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10640473">NARA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/23px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/36px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/47px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="Portal:建築">建筑主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/21px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="Portal:工程">工程主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Design_portal_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Design_portal_logo.jpg/21px-Design_portal_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Design_portal_logo.jpg/32px-Design_portal_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Design_portal_logo.jpg/42px-Design_portal_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="151" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:设计">设计主題</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=建筑物&oldid=83933361">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=建筑物&oldid=83933361</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" title="Category:建築物">建築物</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" title="Category:CS1英语来源 (en)">CS1英语来源 (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E4%B8%94%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E7%BC%A9%E6%94%BE%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用多个图像且自动缩放的页面">使用多个图像且自动缩放的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABFAST%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目">包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLibris%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目">包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLNB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目">包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABAAT%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目">包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABKULTURNAV%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含KULTURNAV标识符的维基百科条目">包含KULTURNAV标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNARA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年8月23日 (星期五) 18:38。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CC_BY-SA_4.0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikipedia:CC BY-SA 4.0协议文本">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">建筑物</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>111种语言</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>添加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-54bc5bdf84-5f7fl","wgBackendResponseTime":172,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.519","walltime":"0.690","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1990,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":74313,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1114,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":40,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":43437,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 502.446 1 -total"," 22.62% 113.643 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.30% 112.042 1 Template:Authority_control"," 16.49% 82.863 2 Template:Navbox"," 15.45% 77.604 1 Template:建築"," 10.43% 52.393 1 Template:Multiple_image"," 9.68% 48.627 1 Template:About"," 9.38% 47.119 2 Template:Cite_book"," 8.47% 42.551 7 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.84% 29.366 2 Template:Le"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.314","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4454056,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-2z7qm","timestamp":"20250217093806","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u5efa\u7b51\u7269","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q41176","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q41176","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-11T20:48:10Z","dateModified":"2024-08-23T18:38:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/53\/Ishtar_gate_in_Pergamon_museum_in_Berlin..jpg","headline":"\u6709\u5c4b\u9876\u548c\u5899\u58c1\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e38\u8bbe\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9"}</script> </body> </html>