CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913498059a873f4b',cH: 'oDRp28zKscPnAncpW.EZiyIXzr7jLEYfL5hTwyWwkpI-1739782897-1.2.1.1-HoZ0hp5IXeB2rfSVXQBJtOqsKjxz81HhzGvWr3cPZMghPx1dD.Itqn8BkBNy2dxR',cUPMDTk: "\/512\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=8I5qMd7tqzjuZAnNH0Csd3HGnPRjdgma0DLmdrt64bg-1739782897-1.0.1.1-Hg5fN12Y8rmzQ2yxXiZTI.cSSp49KI4cKwKwCmnvHD8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782897',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/512\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=8I5qMd7tqzjuZAnNH0Csd3HGnPRjdgma0DLmdrt64bg-1739782897-1.0.1.1-Hg5fN12Y8rmzQ2yxXiZTI.cSSp49KI4cKwKwCmnvHD8",md: "jR6l.Vsepa5jIhmkh6Y0TkbypXxuFT41dQ6urYTGlH0-1739782897-1.2.1.1-Gr5Gfs.Ru2esXGU4RMVB1JQT1PdqGTQfbXyl2VUfVJqMPpoT5s7MCpw4U9idm6BGO8ZX2o1AAMsI60OOXVY9y6wxGgmIirv_qRa0P9GCwEMR4OUTKBj87Lpp3N_9sR8iRd02h99e0VBITQK9QliolpldX_tarKnbgtNVwBUoXnWtIsed9MDRa7yDYgs756A6tA.XxlXgPp_lSZvKlt41fE4waJW16wlRKEOe6OdfyHIrCvkgB1_lzH1TQ51LKitvXqMLoAZXOxgu80xL4SaV0QQjAbSw5slTdKOvrVRUGdu2QYsISJ6eyr5_zT9c_4vVPjQvTqS71E5B8ymu18rDcW.V1MmkK0dafSr4HjNs_po.gGUeWr8D8t8J.gwdMnkLvb7mWSdphsxcVSJyzH1O26nEQ2XWiNLD__LB529Xaw4cRZFIphXYAO3uSZZIRmShXlvKZsHuDAni3f.9DP2_DWywoHCd_uh4QWv9MJCxWvhlZva.HJIVpKDh1bY9StB2Cb1LRz9KpR2QGnyAEuTo6YOJhYe3dNC4Sv9qVns338efl295axyrL1R6w9J4tnJ.wyuaUovBMj5Dce9LVoJVxs47wsgI9yoAp9BVri_wJEdBvGguuGMlNcqh9f4kL6RZnQTh1Zft7cv3s4sHOn_HntDcQxkFEUaSXCYUWe.BBJZPeIYHms7I9H1yoBjm7_m2VfwbkQSDJLbUZYdZ6fZjMC8IxvSB75RcWmIBPQSq8lWsVwnrtp_1i0b9oQY62kIdVaHxI.8xORlhx63mn2LcR7.zCiM2yg0QNfzAxLbLIart9OgNeCF9GkgqCOagWeyRvNEndf2q.s.NLrmbyerdbctBntBBdFzLn7tVOIWTa4grg3meje77yDzdNGPDUWIv8VCMiKly9ZeagrVuIwmG3RX5fXkJvr4tR7_J.0tgXZ56zIzJRQM1BrkW2VOLYlmFgyUs3Vs3k_gBUnu73O9fmgyR0Zrp19Mt7kfGosrrGfITVWyfKV20UhmP9OfLhoey9KdgkOUAd9L7ypAsEjGHuENOyFlavh3eY4.m33hkmOgmEAJHRNeDVBb5sra4TItnXjtDlaQB8pg9Xt6B2VLWXZEq4Wd9lbKzgrJxfURIyaaKe7dbYPtzSFHKBA_m5qbueBhiUSwpc.xatgz9.HLvvLcpVdyqYkyWsPmMuJvN3hmTqd1_AVwyiFumT2pFFnVu.z4TvEFr9FRGEZO5_76asb8RyGsbVN3dUz7SVIQ9YZ1MOu0UylfTjjyPwO6A2Uhkgkt.rMr5WIc_IFQGf74y6FpzVxC_9Krdpj6Yu8rSZjrsIdKVZnzTE1Q2ctCKUOJBUZICUv9B3P0A1Gwww6I_era9DNLv2R.NPs6u6vU5r0bKAjtBdcu8WLMAMaUzOvu36MUAFsBefysM.NAPcVYcXHxzp1tqb9YfTVYFW2CgUMsI92UqqHMgv_tMBgQkAqZXyU0DQEFT366IFouliIDpem183qG3qFlaL8xfRDEVAVCARsxlCNZnJCgCrUuuBBfNi_DzpvI95F2xfRb_gPzdcFzj2_VcD.E7dXHU1xIibCbdazr0DK1yFGS0VqzwoZbmw8YOjwMhQ7sDu8p8efQQQ3jHT35ieY4LSf2xo07y0nBEwTs0.8FaLLYx9fw3BOkxnAqY4BkW4YFy2RAkno7yJ8W2Lz0I45Jgq3gL2.i_m1qHW9cskvHgJYWacexe_DOrJ3N5MRjsES2gS7XbuU5LbA8L4rpRPfXhjuupoFpfbZnT2wb90Hh2tOolA0npO9.NmTkfTnISpGUKNB5FJDZaSv1GaF3tLPcOQ7Bz8i3etSKzxDUr0t5FsMmE2qDkvNZU9ErroupeM9YDaPKz8PTEwbKqWcsojnKfw6meAwbuJ34",mdrd: "j24dF6SWbDjZO_TQBacsboHUCek0KlqPbd40tj.Z29g-1739782897-1.2.1.1-6Ta.ddkZ1JRPHl1g_2D0cswTe37j7cKa_KvhC2KvPHzZA9sYB_8HHXomzA2VggQRDie2o3VwCZuIbtWuR7TYnw1aOql_qz0P60yDXT2moO9i.z.G6LaCKUc5KZDToJs4Bj474IayagjfS_xltMycRl2TXmoMde0cq.un.EwvLLLV7MA8pjPOUxAIPWOp0N1T7BHkbzBpWlNtk6NI6rwVcsacu5Xs_zohwR9fRQb4i5PsY5VOWOJovRgFBOx8gTAx1I1kG3kjw2cgZC2Nd5C.y957.U39oM8op8FH.X2fNTB3olVcQTH4uf.3GH0TXgaGURvVMjxMVTYq92dtoKotmqloKuOts8LGgSYCoSCIUKoHRN0ugwDqYuNCyZkAowLgpcu4SRQ5X_owc4Br_YIKb5uBR2UVZRT2ut1ldq3e6K95c4a2zvmpW.qXDKFmlsAx4U8kk9j7gWU_LQ0HhO3bMQLycRNLZP8HF3wgbFJ4uIa2EuE.dytEgxwM5IMIMTr3cbCfcwepZJOx420ximXPWz5qprGQGpzxSaPBNrYoA1ytAO8vpmAw6fI8jcpZV5Cf6gjxqh0KS_w03KERSkz2A3qm6z_n9EtWF8DjU0gtEs0NCdr44LqeSiZuMX8taOd3eB9.nKvMQGeTfvI3CvOBpCDN86gbDmQJJJ7DDi1MEzzohk6lp63_yws1ydh0VYo1z.JjGEeSvernN_QLpc6NyrWGX6WmgDlHSAYeD3CS5aHxgFLCSmWJup1RUkBdOmy1mAtn7hFvyTeNhWLeFiHPFw8Q_M5Rvb_hhW8Cd2LDnP8xhQPNiXpucKQvpmn5adVzCJvK1a09IPRPxBs0BGshtl.VqToHtG1GSNWk2QiNp4m0nfIXrzs9ulP9GNq2OTEEvENtPdDBuBYwcx3EVM38GcAkFNXsJkv_FCIOFrarg1WqomCrVIhiMzYrdXdvDjA4Z5Uj.L5IErs.k7hkUfd5jYBN72.NNu5WECtoQQZ2yUtmXv73ExaQwPB2rrZayJuZ9nvImj2DzVY5esQCl3sa9N6Ir.KBRL1DnxhjqkO8OKFHoC1ehWXC3FL15zkNfADyMbaENLYsyodBban7BSfGEMjfXxNswCd15u7z2ulBHqbXrXqn.TosCFMTgFotIFSXtq.Oz3O3sX_TSGyyrbV5tTEjIbJXAILxDAnLQzCkNsW60FNIAfCoVmwwCTu91hwm0QZ_TXGFvyaDnDeh5h24rN9vuiDTML9bp9MdB309ciGhrAK_7S3GhOOrtL4P0EZXYLvykmAegcucTsuc._3HpOph4GQnf7oIldfXREPUPasuo0F1dAgQOrCUzguRcGOcqPUx5izkLMjSGT8lRmKK24GLTK2Jsoo02rZpSzm1ryZfqroqJgZxbwOL7YqIX9RREirfGXvmnjfZCvcfdxul_oXcxGYWRP4QEOLcVnZW8pbFt2Mba0NfkFtSH_luvCU23v6CpU4RVyn99uvr9h22xb51pDoRSBzCkJ_PfkkKSc93w1Wp8OZXuMK49WRiq5OA3qkVbTRJdzBhJBqisxGhc2zuY.meB9exr8xUTsKYFOs7Kzytl.nA33SP6XhPJg5YcUSrMzT9UZsVqz4UPXkzANruy2SacSiJDPAGLT23ZFTDdjwCFRF4f9kHxRSu0oahAaZ4rinDtfbxyMgaUJNwfWQdLfiwFsTf4FHVNz9lsi_2Q24f1ju9znJibreChMlDUtuk.3EGvCNfvayGcCv4eg9I_Ac5NELYce2qmFhu4NerhtJzhraG7DAg8vR0buH6nO._xwSI1aU33esJecgupJCSI3SUlr5QSHeaSIdrTBGWfwHCFXmKs2HusafogSpk7W1VaBgFCfyzE5vdyPLvcs.ArvvCEIjyNS5FGmbjIe.68bNhoMmTP_.Ic38VkbompWnGkTSAmuOTJQxHCapBDXCpodgGxi6zdQBfKccWpSo4nxz6VTRgMHAw8dNGbPjm"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913498059a873f4b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/512\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=8I5qMd7tqzjuZAnNH0Csd3HGnPRjdgma0DLmdrt64bg-1739782897-1.0.1.1-Hg5fN12Y8rmzQ2yxXiZTI.cSSp49KI4cKwKwCmnvHD8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>