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material-icons" data-icon="forward"> </span> </a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/cookies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Cookies" track-name="cookies" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cookies </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward"> </span> </a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Private advertising" track-name="private advertising" track-type="globalNav" 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track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Home </span> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About private advertising</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Start your integration</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/web" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/web"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/web/chrome-facilitated-testing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" 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href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up your development environment</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-api-access?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-api-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-api-access"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure AdServices</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/download?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/download" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/download"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a device or emulator image</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-device-access?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-device-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-device-access"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure devices to use Privacy Sandbox on Android</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/troubleshooting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/troubleshooting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/troubleshooting"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot your setup</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enrollment</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enroll your platform with Privacy Sandbox</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment/faqs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment/faqs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment/faqs"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Frequently asked questions</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Ads lifecycle</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-audience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-audience" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-audience"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Audiences</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-auctions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-auctions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-auctions"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Auctions</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/measure-ad-performance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/measure-ad-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/measure-ad-performance"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Topics</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/why-topics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/why-topics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/why-topics"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Why do we need Topics</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Topics API for Web</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/setup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/setup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/setup"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Setup</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/implement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/implement" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/implement"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Implement Topics</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/test-and-go-live?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/test-and-go-live" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/test-and-go-live"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test & go live</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/tooling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/tooling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/tooling"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Tooling</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/controls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/controls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/controls"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customization & opt-out</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/support?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/support" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/support"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Support</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-experimental"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Topics API for Android</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="experimental" data-title="Experimental!" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/implement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/implement" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/implement"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Implement Topics</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/controls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/controls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/controls"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customization & opt-out</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protected Audience</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/feature-status?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/feature-status" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/feature-status"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Status of pending API capabilities</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/protected-audience-experiment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/protected-audience-experiment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/protected-audience-experiment"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Experiment</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/ad-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/ad-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/ad-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Seller guide - Run ad auctions</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reporting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reporting"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Auction reporting</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/guide/reporting-id?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/guide/reporting-id" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/guide/reporting-id"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reporting IDs</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/latency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/latency" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/latency"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Improve auction latency</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reports?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reports" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reports"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Report on auction results</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sequential-auction-setup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sequential-auction-setup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sequential-auction-setup"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sequential auction setup with header bidding and multi-seller Protected Audience auction</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/troubleshoot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/troubleshoot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/troubleshoot"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/opt-out?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/opt-out" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/opt-out"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Opt out</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/k-anonymity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/k-anonymity" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/k-anonymity"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>K-anonymity</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/publisher-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/publisher-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/publisher-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Publisher guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/define-audience-data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/define-audience-data" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/define-audience-data"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Define audience data</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/update-audience-data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/update-audience-data" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/update-audience-data"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update audience data and refresh ads</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/delegate-audience-management?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/delegate-audience-management" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/delegate-audience-management"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delegate audience management to a third-party</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/configure-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/configure-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/configure-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up an ad auction on the publisher's page</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/single-seller-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/single-seller-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/single-seller-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a browser based auction with a single seller</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/multi-seller-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/multi-seller-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/multi-seller-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a browser based auction with multiple sellers</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/sequential-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/sequential-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/sequential-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sequential auction setup with contextual ad auction</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/render-ad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/render-ad" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/render-ad"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Render an ad</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/bid-in-auction-ad-slot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/bid-in-auction-ad-slot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/bid-in-auction-ad-slot"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Bid in an auction to buy an ad slot</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1b6YlL5CFVfCo6hHMqfOYp2WJNdsBTSvM4eayrmbm7e4/view" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1b6YlL5CFVfCo6hHMqfOYp2WJNdsBTSvM4eayrmbm7e4/view" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1b6YlL5CFVfCo6hHMqfOYp2WJNdsBTSvM4eayrmbm7e4/view"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API walkthrough</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="external" data-title="External" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics-in-audiences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics-in-audiences" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics-in-audiences"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Topics to target an audience</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use cases</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/use-case/deals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/use-case/deals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/use-case/deals"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deals</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/pace-ad-delivery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/pace-ad-delivery" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/pace-ad-delivery"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Pace ad delivery by frequency</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/mediation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/mediation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/mediation"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Mediation</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/frequency-capping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/frequency-capping" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/frequency-capping"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Frequency capping</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/appinstall-filtering?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/appinstall-filtering" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/appinstall-filtering"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App install ads filtering</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protected Audience developer guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/fetch-and-join?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/fetch-and-join" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/fetch-and-join"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Join Custom Audience Delegation</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/profiling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/profiling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/profiling"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Profile a Protected Audience auction</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/debug-reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/debug-reporting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/debug-reporting"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debug reporting</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/inspect_audiences_cli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/inspect_audiences_cli" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/inspect_audiences_cli"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Inspect custom audiences on the command line</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/integration-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/integration-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/integration-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integration guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API reference</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protected App Signals</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview for Android</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals-developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals-developer-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals-developer-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Bidding and Auction services</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-services" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-services"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-integration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title 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track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/fenced-frame"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview for Web</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Attribution Reporting</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-updates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-updates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-updates"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API updates</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/chrome-shipping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/chrome-shipping" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/chrome-shipping"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Why Chrome shipped the Attribution Reporting API</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/system-overview?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/system-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/system-overview"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>System overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Generate summary reports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/report-schedules?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/report-schedules" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/report-schedules"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Report schedules</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/constraints?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/constraints" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/constraints"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Constraints</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/dev-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/dev-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/dev-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/getting-started?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/getting-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/getting-started"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-source?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-source" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-source"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Register an attribution source</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-trigger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-trigger" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-trigger"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Register triggers</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/enable-conversion-measurement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/enable-conversion-measurement" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/enable-conversion-measurement"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable conversion measurement</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/change-attribution-logic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/change-attribution-logic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/change-attribution-logic"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Change attribution logic</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/define-filters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/define-filters" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/define-filters"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Define filters</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/prevent-duplication?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/prevent-duplication" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/prevent-duplication"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prevent duplication</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/custom-report-windows?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/custom-report-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/custom-report-windows"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Custom report windows</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction to debug reports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-2" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-2"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up debug reports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-3" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-3"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debugging cookbook</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports-intro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports-intro" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports-intro"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction to summary reports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/contribution-budget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/contribution-budget" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/contribution-budget"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Contribution budget</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/aggregation-keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/aggregation-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/aggregation-keys"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Aggregation keys</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/understanding-noise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/understanding-noise" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/understanding-noise"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand noise</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/working-with-noise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/working-with-noise" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/working-with-noise"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with noise</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/design-decisions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/design-decisions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/design-decisions"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Noiselab</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-implementation-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-implementation-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-implementation-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measurement implementation guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-testing-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-testing-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-testing-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measurement testing guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-data-clearing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-data-clearing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-data-clearing"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data clearing</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross app and web measurement</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/attribution-app-to-web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/attribution-app-to-web" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/attribution-app-to-web"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross app and web measurement</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/simulation-library?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/simulation-library" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/simulation-library"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measurement Simulation Library</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/developer-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/developer-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross app and web measurement</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/xna-examples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/xna-examples" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/xna-examples"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross-network attribution examples</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/integration-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/integration-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/integration-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integration guide</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API reference</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Private Aggregation</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview for Web</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/fundamentals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/fundamentals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/fundamentals"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fundamentals</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/private-aggregation-experiment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/private-aggregation-experiment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/private-aggregation-experiment"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Experiment</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use cases</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/unique-reach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/unique-reach" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/unique-reach"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure unique reach</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/k-freq-reach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/k-freq-reach" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/k-freq-reach"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure K+ frequency reach</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/user-demographics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/user-demographics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/user-demographics"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure user demographic</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/multi-touch-attribution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/multi-touch-attribution" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/multi-touch-attribution"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Multi-touch attribution</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Aggregation Service</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/get-started?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/get-started"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Started</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/coordinators-ags-purpose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/coordinators-ags-purpose" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/coordinators-ags-purpose"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Coordinator's Purpose In Aggregation Service</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/privacy-protection-report-strategy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/privacy-protection-report-strategy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/privacy-protection-report-strategy"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Privacy Protections & Report Strategy</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/operate-ags?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/operate-ags" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/operate-ags"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Operate Aggregation Service</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/receive-store-aggregatable-reports?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/receive-store-aggregatable-reports" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/receive-store-aggregatable-reports"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive & Store Aggregatable Reports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/understand-ags-api?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/understand-ags-api" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/understand-ags-api"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand the API</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/batch-strategies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/batch-strategies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/batch-strategies"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Batch Strategies</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/load-testing-framework?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/load-testing-framework" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/load-testing-framework"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Load Testing Framework</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/tos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/tos" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/tos"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Terms of Service</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Shared Storage</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview for Web</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/content-selection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/content-selection" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/content-selection"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>URL selection</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/api-walkthrough?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/api-walkthrough" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/api-walkthrough"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API walkthrough</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use cases</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/creative-rotation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/creative-rotation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/creative-rotation"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Rotate ad creatives</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/shared-storage/creative-selection-by-frequency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book 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tabindex="-1">Topics API for Web</h1><devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"> <devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes> </div><devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded> </devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-dropdown class="nocontent"></devsite-recommendations-dropdown> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p>The Topics API enables interest-based advertising, without using third-party cookies.</p> <p> <devsite-video video-id="EnQP6e7EzUs"></devsite-video></p> <h2 id="how_the_topics_api_works" data-text="How the Topics API works" tabindex="-1">How the Topics API works</h2> <p>The Topics API can be used to observe and provide access to topics that appear to be of interest to the user, based on their activity. The Topics API can then give API callers (such as ad tech platforms) access to a user's topics of interest, but without revealing additional information about the user's activity.</p> <h3 id="key_concepts" data-text="Key concepts" tabindex="-1">Key concepts</h3> <ul> <li>A <em>topic</em> is a human-readable topic of interest for the current user and is part of the <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#taxonomy">Topics taxonomy</a>.</li> <li>A <em>caller</em> is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, a website, or service, that makes a request to the Topics API to observe or access a user's interests.</li> <li>A topic is <em>observed</em> by a caller, if the caller made a Topics API request from a web page or app associated with this topic during the past three epochs.</li> <li>An <em>epoch</em> is a period of topic computation, which defaults to one week.</li> <li>A <em>taxonomy</em> is a hierarchical list of categories, which includes, for example, such categories as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">/Arts & Entertainment/Music & Audio/Soul & R&B</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">/Business & Industrial/Business Services/Corporate Events</code>.</li> <li>Topics are derived using a <em>classifier model</em> that maps user activity to zero or more topics.</li> </ul> <h3 id="topics_api_flow_core_steps" data-text="Topics API flow core steps" tabindex="-1">Topics API flow core steps</h3> <p>The Topics API lifecycle has three main steps:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Observe</strong> user activity, such as when they visit the web page <code translate="no" dir="ltr">https://cats.example/tabby/index.html</code> or download the app <code translate="no" dir="ltr">cats</code>.</li> <li><strong>Derive topics</strong> from user activity, for example <code translate="no" dir="ltr">/Pets & Animals/Pets/Cats</code>.</li> <li><strong>Access topics</strong> previously observed for the user, for example as a signal to select relevant advertising (such as a cat food promotion).</li> </ul> <h4 id="observe_topics" data-text="Observe topics" tabindex="-1">Observe topics</h4> <p>Callers can only access topics of interest that they've <em>observed</em>. A caller observes a topic when they make a Topics API request from a context associated with this topic. To illustrate this concept, consider the following simplified example.</p> <ul> <li>Suppose there are two Topics API callers: <strong>A</strong> and <strong>B</strong>.</li> <li>There are two contexts: <ul> <li><strong>Greenhouse</strong>, for example an app named Greenhouse or a website greenhouse.example, associated with the topic <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Home & Garden</code>.</li> <li><strong>Tennis exercises</strong>, for example an app named Tennis Exercises or a website tennis.example, associated with the topic <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sports/Tennis</code>.</li> </ul></li> <li>Both caller <strong>A</strong> and <strong>B</strong> are present in the context of <strong>Greenhouse</strong>.</li> <li>Only the caller <strong>B</strong> is present in the context of <strong>Tennis exercises</strong>.</li> <li>Assume that no topics were observed for the user before epoch 1, for the sake of simplification.</li> <li>The user visits the <strong>Greenhouse</strong> app, and callers <strong>A</strong> and <strong>B</strong> make a Topics API call to record the user visit to the page or app (see the implementation guide suggested in <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#next-steps">Next steps</a> to find out how to call the Topics API). This record (a hostname or app data) is later used to derive topics of interest. The Topics API will later mark the topic <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Home & Garden</code> as observed by both callers <strong>A</strong> and <strong>B</strong>.</li> <li>The user visits the <strong>Tennis exercises</strong> app. Only the caller <strong>B</strong> sends a Topics API request. The Topics API will later mark the topic <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sports/Tennis</code> as observed by the caller <strong>B</strong>.</li> <li>By the end of the <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#epochs">epoch</a>, the Topics API refreshes the user's top topics and determines the callers that observed these topics based on user activity.</li> <li>Later, when the caller <strong>B</strong> makes another Topics API call, it can get either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Home & Garden</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sports/Tennis</code> topic (or, with a 5% chance, a random topic) for this user in the response array.</li> <li>Caller <strong>A</strong> can only access the topic <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Home & Garden</code>, as it has never observed the topic <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sports/Tennis</code>. This means that a third-party will only learn about a user's topic of interest within the specific context (app or website) where it is present.</li> </ul> <aside class="note"> <strong>Note:</strong><span> Topics are unique to each of the user's devices (and <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://goo.gle/3BkL9vi">Chrome clients</a>), and this information is stored locally and not shared across devices. If a user has multiple devices and tends to consume different kinds of content on each, the topics could be different on each device.</span> </aside> <figure><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/static/privacy-sandbox/assets/images/topics-diagram-generic-example.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto"> <img src="/static/privacy-sandbox/assets/images/topics-diagram-generic-example.png" alt="Diagram showing tat the Topics API only marks the topics as observed if the callers has presence in the context." width="800"> </a> <figcaption> The Topics API marks the topics observed only by the callers that have presence in the context of these topics. The callers will only be able to access the topics they have observed. </figcaption> </figure> <h4 id="derive_topics" data-text="Derive topics" tabindex="-1">Derive topics</h4> <p>Topics derives topics of interest from user activity. The topics are selected from a predefined open-source <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#taxonomy">taxonomy</a>. Once per <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#epochs">epoch</a>, Topics refreshes the user's top five topics and the callers that observed them during the epoch. The Topics classifier model derives topics from user activity: hostname for a web page visit, <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#classifier">app information</a> on Android.</p> <aside class="note"> <strong>Note:</strong><span> The Topics API includes ancestor topics as having been observed. For example, if a caller observed <code translate="no" dir="ltr">/Autos & Vehicles/Motor Vehicles (By Type)/Hatchbacks</code>, Topics also treats the caller as having observed <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Autos & Vehicles</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Motor Vehicles</code>.</span> </aside> <h4 id="caller_accesses_users_topics_of_interest" data-text="Caller accesses user's topics of interest" tabindex="-1">Caller accesses user's topics of interest</h4> <p>The API returns only topics that have been observed by the caller within the most recent three epochs. A maximum of three topics may be returned to a caller,one topic for each of the three recent epochs (if the caller observed topics for that epoch). The returned topics can be used by the caller to supplement any contextual information and can be combined to help find a more relevant ad for the user.</p> <h3 id="epochs" data-text="Epochs" tabindex="-1">Epochs</h3> <p>The Topics API must ensure that the topics of interest it provides are kept up to date. The topics are inferred for a user based on their activity during a period of time known as an epoch, one week by default. Each user has their own epochs (epochs are "per user") and the initial start time is randomized.</p> <p>Once each epoch, the Topics API computes the user's top five topics and determines which callers observed those topics using on-device information. The topic selected for each epoch is randomly selected from the user's top five topics for that time period. To further enhance privacy and ensure that all topics may be represented, there is a 5% chance the topic is randomly selected from all possible topics in the <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#taxonomy">taxonomy of interests</a>.</p> <h2 id="topics_on_the_web_in_practice" data-text="Topics on the Web in practice" tabindex="-1">Topics on the Web in practice</h2> <p>On the web, topics are inferred from the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://web.dev/articles/url-parts%23hostname">hostnames</a> of pages the user visits. For example, the topic inferred for the website dogs.example might be <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/topics/blob/main/taxonomy_v2.md%23:%257E:text%3D265-,/Pets%2520%2526%2520Animals/Pets,-267:%257E:text%3D/Pets%2520%2526%2520Animals/Pets/Dogs">/Pets & Animals/Pets/Dogs</a>.</p> <p>The following diagram shows a simplified example to demonstrate how the Topics API might help an ad tech platform select an appropriate ad. The example assumes that the user's browser already has a model to map website hostnames to topics.</p> <figure><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/static/privacy-sandbox/assets/images/diagram-showing-stages-1d28cdd74e34.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto"> <img src="/static/privacy-sandbox/assets/images/diagram-showing-stages-1d28cdd74e34.png" alt="Diagram showing the stages in the Topics API lifecycle, from a user visiting websites to an ad being displayed." width="800" height="275"> </a> <figcaption> The Topics API lifecycle diagram walks through the stages of the API actions from a high-level point of view. </figcaption> </figure> <p>The browser determines the caller's origin from the context of the code that calls the Topics API. In practice, this means that Topics users call the API in an iframe from their origin or they include topics in a <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto">fetch</a> to their origin.</p> <p>For example, a <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/resources/glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#ssp">supply-side platform (SSP)</a> can be embedded on multiple <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/resources/glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#publisher">publishers</a>' sites. The SSP could then call the Topics API within an iframe from its origin, allowing it to observe topics associated with a user on those publisher's sites. These topics could then be shared with a <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/resources/glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#dsp">demand-side platform (DSP)</a> to help it select a relevant ad for the user.</p> <aside class="note"> <strong>Note:</strong><span> <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/resources/glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#ssp">SSPs</a> can receive Topics associated with their <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/resources/glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#publisher">publishers</a>'. <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/resources/glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#dsp">DSPs</a> can receive Topics associated with their advertisers if they observe topics on the advertiser websites their user visits. Since SSPs have presence only on the publisher side, DSPs might want to share topics they observe on advertiser sites with their partner SSPs. They can do so by <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto">calling <code translate="no" dir="ltr">fetch()</code> with the topics header to the SSPs</a>. In return, the SSP can pass these topics to the DSP at auction time.</span> </aside> <h3 id="how_the_api_decides_which_callers_see_which_topics" data-text="How the API decides which callers see which topics" tabindex="-1">How the API decides which callers see which topics</h3> <p>API callers only receive topics they've recently observed, and the topics for a user are refreshed once each <strong>epoch</strong>: a period of time, set to one week in Chrome's implementation. That means the API provides a rolling window in which a given caller may receive observed topics.</p> <p>The following table outlines an example (though unrealistically small) of a hypothetical browsing history for a user during a single epoch, showing topics associated with the sites they've visited, and the API callers present on each site (the entities that call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">document.browsingTopics()</code> in JavaScript code included on the site).</p> <table class="with-heading-tint"> <thead> <tr> <th>Site</th> <th>Topics</th> <th>API callers on site</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>running.example</td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Running & Walking</code><br><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Athletic Shoes</code></td> <td>adtech1.example<br> adtech2.example</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dogs.example</td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Dogs</code></td> <td>adtech1.example</td> </tr> <tr> <td>holiday.example</td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Hotels & Accommodations</code></td> <td>adtech2.example</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sunglasses.example</td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sunglasses</code></td> <td>[none]</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>At the end of the epoch (by default one week) the Topics API generates the browser's top topics for the week.</p> <ul> <li>adtech1.example is now eligible to receive the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Running & Walking</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Athletic Shoes</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Dogs</code> topics, since it observed them on running.example and also on dogs.example.</li> <li>adtech1.example is not eligible to receive the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Hotels & Accommodations</code> topic for this user as it is not present on any sites the user visited recently that are associated with that topic.</li> <li>adtech2.example has seen the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Running & Walking</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Athletic Shoes</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Hotels & Accommodations</code> topics, but has not seen the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Dogs</code> topic.</li> </ul> <p>The user visited sunglasses.example, which has the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sunglasses</code> topic, but there were no calls to the Topics API on that site. At this point, this means the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sunglasses</code> topic wouldn't be returned by the API for any caller.</p> <p>In week two, the user visits another site:</p> <table class="with-heading-tint"> <thead> <tr> <th>Site</th> <th>Topics</th> <th>API callers on site</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>cameras.example</td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Camera & Photo Equipment</code></td> <td>adtech2.example</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>In addition, code from adtech2.example is added to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">sunglasses.example</code>:</p> <table class="with-heading-tint"> <thead> <tr> <th>Site</th> <th>Topics</th> <th>API callers on site</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>sunglasses.example</td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sunglasses</code></td> <td>adtech2.example</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>As well as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Running & Walking</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Athletic Shoes</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Hotels & Accommodations</code> from week 1, this means that adtech2.example will now be able to receive the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Camera & Photo Equipment</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sunglasses</code> topics — but not until the following epoch, week 3. This ensures that third parties can't learn more about a user's past (in this case, an interest in fashion) than they could with cookies.</p> <p>After another two weeks, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Running & Walking</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Athletic Shoes</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Hotels & Accommodations</code> may drop out of adtech2.example's list of eligible topics if the user doesn't visit any sites with those topics that include code from adtech2.example.</p> <figure><img src="/static/privacy-sandbox/assets/images/the-steps-topics-api-tak-d1a397a6459c9.png" alt="The steps the Topics API takes as users visit sites that use the API." width="800" height="382"> <figcaption> How the API observes and accesses topics. </figcaption> </figure> <h2 id="classifier_model" data-text="Classifier model" tabindex="-1">Classifier model</h2> <p>Topics uses a <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://github.com/jkarlin/topics%23:%257E:text%3Dclassifier">classifier model</a> that maps website <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://web.dev/same-site-same-origin/%23origin">hostnames</a> to zero or more topics (analyzing additional information, such as full URLs or page content, might allow for more relevant ads, but could also reduce privacy).</p> <h3 id="taxonomy" data-text="Taxonomy" tabindex="-1">Taxonomy</h3> <p>Topics are selected from a <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/topics/blob/main/taxonomy_v2.md">taxonomy</a>. These topics have been curated by Chrome, with the goal that the taxonomy becomes a resource maintained by trusted ecosystem contributors. The taxonomy needs to be small enough that many users' browsers will be associated with each topic. The eventual goal is for the taxonomy to be sourced from an external party that incorporates feedback and ideas from across the industry.</p> <p>To avoid sensitive categories, topics must be public, human-curated, and remain up to date. The taxonomy used by Chrome has been human-curated <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/topics%23meeting-the-privacy-goals:%257E:text%3Dof%2520a%2520page.-,The,-topics%2520revealed%2520by">to exclude categories generally considered sensitive</a>, such as ethnicity or sexual orientation.</p> <h3 id="topics_classification" data-text="Topics classification" tabindex="-1">Topics classification</h3> <p>Topics are manually curated for 50,000 top sites, and this curated override list of hostnames and topics is used to train the classifier model. For the top sites, topics are accessed from the override list rather than by using the classifier model. You can <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/topic-classification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto">view the override list</a> locally on your computer.</p> <figure><img src="/static/privacy-sandbox/assets/images/chrometopics-internals-8d62cfff441e4.png" alt="chrome://topics-internals page with Classifier panel selected." width="800" height="695"> <figcaption> The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">chrome://topics-internals</code> page Classifier panel lists the model version, its path, and the topics associated with each host listed. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Chrome's implementation of the Topics API downloads a <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://www.tensorflow.org/lite/guide">TensorFlow Lite</a> file representing the model so it can be used locally on the user's device.</p> <h2 id="how_the_users_top_five_topics_are_selected" data-text="How the user's top five topics are selected" tabindex="-1">How the user's top five topics are selected</h2> <p>The API returns one topic for each epoch, up to a maximum of three. If three are returned, this includes topics for the current epoch and the previous two.</p> <ol> <li>At the end of each epoch, the browser compiles a list of pages that meet the following criteria: <ul> <li>The page was visited by the user during the epoch.</li> <li>The page includes code that calls <code translate="no" dir="ltr">document.browsingTopics()</code>.</li> <li>The API was enabled (for example, not blocked by the user or by a <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Feature-Policy">response header</a>).</li> </ul></li> <li>The browser, on the user's device, uses the classifier model provided by the Topics API to map the hostname for each page to a list of topics.</li> <li> <div><devsite-expandable class="arrow-icon"> <p class="showalways">The browser generates a list of the top five topics.</p> <ul> <li>Each of the 22 root topics in the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/topics/blob/main/taxonomy_v2.md">taxonomy</a> is assigned to either a "high utility" or "standard utility" <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/topics/blob/main/topics-utility-buckets-v1.md">bucket</a> based on feedback from the advertising ecosystem. The browser first sorts topics by their bucket assignment. All descendant topics inherit the bucket assignment of their parent root topic. "High utility" topics are prioritized.</li> <li>The browser then sorts topics by frequency within each bucket.</li> <li>The top five topics from this sorted list are selected as the user's top topics for that epoch.</li> </ul> </devsite-expandable> </div></li> </ol> <p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">document.browsingTopics()</code> method then returns a random topic from the top five for each epoch, with a 5% chance that any of these may be randomly chosen from the full taxonomy of topics. In Chrome, users are also able to remove individual topics, or clear their browsing history to reduce the number of topics returned by the API. Users may also <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#site-opt-out">opt out</a> of the API.</p> <p>You can view information about topics observed during the current epoch from the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">chrome://topics-internals</code> page.</p> <h2 id="next-steps" data-text="Next steps" tabindex="-1"><span class="devsite-heading" role="heading" aria-level="2"> Next steps </span> <button type="button" class="devsite-heading-link button-flat material-icons" aria-label="Copy link to this section: Next steps" data-title="Copy link to this section: Next steps" data-id="see_also" aria-hidden="true" translate="no"></button></h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-2-up devsite-landing-row-cards devsite-landing-row-no-image-background devsite-landing-row-header-centered" header-position="top"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" icon-position="left"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no"> settings </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="setup" data-text="test-and-go-live" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/setup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto"> Setup </a></h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Get your environment ready to test and develop web applications with the Topics API. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" icon-position="left"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no"> code </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="implement-topics" data-text="implement-topics" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto">Implement Topics</a></h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Check out implementation details and code samples for callers to observe and access topics. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="see_also" data-text="See also" tabindex="-1">See also</h2> <p>Check out our resources to better understand the Topics API on the Web.</p> <ul> <li>Check out Topics <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/resources/demos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#expandable-2">demos, collab and walkthrough videos</a>.</li> <li>See the <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#feature-flags">list of Chrome flags</a> that allow developers to customize the Topics API for testing.</li> <li>See how users and developers can <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/topic-classification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#opt-out">control</a> the API.</li> <li>Check out the <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#web">resources</a> for technical explainers and support. 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