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class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Nelson Darby</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="جون نيلسون داربي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون نيلسون داربي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%84%AC%EC%8A%A8_%EB%8B%A4%EB%B9%84" title="존 넬슨 다비 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 넬슨 다비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99" title="ג'ון נלסון דרבי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון נלסון דרבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89" title="جون نيلسون داربى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون نيلسون داربى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93" title="ジョン・ダービ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・ダービ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дарби, Джон Нельсон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дарби, Джон Нельсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Nelson Darby" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E9%81%9C%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%A7%98" title="約翰·納爾遜·達秘 – Chinese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British theologian (1800–1882)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"J. N. Darby" redirects here. For the American author and naturalist who sometimes used this as a pen-name, see <a href="/wiki/Mary_Q._Steele" title="Mary Q. Steele">Mary Q. Steele</a>. For the juvenile fiction writer who also used this pen-name, see <a href="/wiki/Christine_N._Govan" title="Christine N. Govan">Christine N. Govan</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John Nelson Darby</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnNelsonDarby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/JohnNelsonDarby.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="237" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="237" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Darby in 1840</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1800-11-18</span>)</span>18 November 1800<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1882-04-29</span>)</span>29 April 1882 (aged 81)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Sundridge House, <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Writer, translator, educator, clergyman</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Nelson Darby</b> (18 November 1800 – 29 April 1882) was an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> Bible teacher, one of the influential figures among the original <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a> and the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a>. He is considered to be the father of modern <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">futurism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pre-tribulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-tribulation">Pre-tribulation</a> <a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">rapture</a> theology was popularized extensively in the 1830s by John Nelson Darby and the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and further popularized in the United States in the early 20th century by the wide circulation of the <a href="/wiki/Scofield_Reference_Bible" title="Scofield Reference Bible">Scofield Reference Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He produced translations of the Bible in German, the "Elberfelder Bibel", in French, the "Pau" Bible, the Dutch New Testament, and the famous and influential English translation (finished posthumously) based on the Hebrew and Greek texts called <i><a href="/wiki/Darby_Bible" title="Darby Bible">The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation from the Original Languages by J. N. Darby</a></i>. It has furthermore been translated into other languages in whole or part. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Nelson Darby was born in <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a>, London, and christened at <a href="/wiki/St._Margaret%27s,_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret's</a> on 3 March 1801. He was the youngest of the six sons of John Darby and Anne Vaughan. The Darbys were an Anglo-Irish landowning family seated at <a href="/wiki/Leap_Castle" title="Leap Castle">Leap Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_County,_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="King's County, Ireland">King's County, Ireland</a>, (present-day <a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">County Offaly</a>). He was a nephew of <a href="/wiki/Henry_D%27Esterre_Darby" title="Henry D'Esterre Darby">Admiral Henry D'Esterre Darby</a> who served with <a href="/wiki/Lord_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Nelson">Lord Nelson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a>, and it was in recognition of this family connection that John was given his middle name. </p><p>Darby was educated at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_School" title="Westminster School">Westminster School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> where he graduated Classical Gold Medallist in 1819.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darby embraced Christianity during his studies, although there is no evidence that he formally studied <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>. He joined an <a href="/wiki/Inn_of_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Inn of court">inn of court</a>, but felt that being a lawyer was inconsistent with his religious belief. The future Bishop of Meath and evangelical <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Singer_(bishop)" title="Joseph Singer (bishop)">Joseph Singer</a> tutored him at Trinity. He, therefore, chose ordination as an <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> clergyman in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, "lest he should sell his talents to defeat justice". In 1825, Darby was ordained <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Established_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established church">established</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> and the following year as priest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_years">Middle years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Darby became a curate in the Church of Ireland parish of <a href="/wiki/Delgany" title="Delgany">Delgany</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">County Wicklow</a>, and distinguished himself by persuading Roman Catholic peasants in the Calary district within this parish to abandon the Catholic Church. The well-known gospel tract "How the Lost Sheep was Saved"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gives his personal account of a visit he paid to a dying shepherd boy in this area, painting a vivid picture of what his work among the poor people involved. He later claimed to have won hundreds of converts to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>. However, the conversions ended when <a href="/wiki/William_Magee_(archbishop_of_Dublin)" title="William Magee (archbishop of Dublin)">William Magee</a>, the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Dublin_(Church_of_Ireland)" title="Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland)">Archbishop of Dublin</a>, ruled that converts were obliged to swear allegiance to <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">George IV</a> as the rightful king of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. </p><p>Darby resigned his curacy in protest. Soon afterwards, in October 1827, he fell from a horse and was seriously injured. He later stated that it was during this time that he began to believe that the "kingdom" described in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> and elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> was entirely different from the <a href="/wiki/Christian_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian church">Christian church</a>. </p><p>Over the next five years, he developed the principles of his mature theology – most notably his conviction that the very notion of a clergyman was a sin against the Holy Spirit, because it limited the recognition that the Holy Spirit could speak through any member of the Church. During this time (1827–28) he joined an interdenominational meeting of believers (including <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Norris_Groves" title="Anthony Norris Groves">Anthony Norris Groves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cronin_(homeopath)" title="Edward Cronin (homeopath)">Edward Cronin</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._G._Bellett" class="mw-redirect" title="J. G. Bellett">J. G. Bellett</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Hutchinson_(Plymouth_Brethren)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Hutchinson (Plymouth Brethren) (page does not exist)">Francis Hutchinson</a>) who met to "<a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">break bread</a>" together in Dublin as a symbol of their unity in Christ. By 1832, this group had grown and began to identify themselves as a distinct Christian assembly. As they travelled and began new assemblies in Ireland and England, they formed the movement now known as the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a>. </p><p>It is believed that John Nelson Darby left the Church of Ireland around 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He participated in the 1831–33 <a href="/wiki/Powerscourt_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerscourt Conference">Powerscourt Conference</a>, an annual meeting of Bible students organized by his friend,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the wealthy widow <a href="/wiki/Theodosia_Wingfield" title="Theodosia Wingfield">Lady Powerscourt</a>. At the conference, Darby publicly described his ecclesiological and eschatological views, including the pre-tribulation rapture.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For about 40 years <a href="/wiki/William_Kelly_(Guernsey_and_Blackheath)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Kelly (Guernsey and Blackheath)">William Kelly</a> (1821–1906) was his chief interpreter and continued to be a staunch supporter until his own death. Kelly in his work <i>John Nelson Darby as I knew him</i> stated that "a saint more true to Christ's name and word I never knew or heard of". </p><p>Darby defended <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> doctrines when they came under attack from within the Church in which he once served.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His biographer Goddard states, "Darby indicates his approval of the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican Church</a> as expressed in Article XVII of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Thirty-Nine Articles</a>" on the subject of election and <a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">predestination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darby said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"For my own part, I soberly think Article XVII to be as wise, perhaps I might say the wisest and best condensed human statement of the view it contains that I am acquainted with. I am fully content to take it in its literal and grammatical sense. I believe that predestination to life is the eternal purpose of God, by which, before the foundations of the world were laid, He firmly decreed, by His counsel secret to us, to deliver from curse and destruction those whom He had chosen in Christ out of the human race, and to bring them, through Christ, as vessels made to honour, to eternal salvation."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnNelsonDarby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/JohnNelsonDarby.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="237" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="237" /></a><figcaption>John Nelson Darby around 1870.</figcaption></figure> <p>Darby travelled widely in Europe and Britain in the 1830s and 1840s, and established many Brethren assemblies. He gave 11 significant lectures in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> in 1840 on the hope of the church (<i>L'attente actuelle de l'église</i>). These established his reputation as a leading interpreter of biblical prophecy. America did not embrace Darby's ecclesiology as it did his eschatology, which is still being propagated (in various forms) at such places as <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Theological_Seminary" title="Dallas Theological Seminary">Dallas Theological Seminary</a>, and by authors and preachers such as <a href="/wiki/Hal_Lindsey" title="Hal Lindsey">Hal Lindsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hagee" title="John Hagee">John Hagee</a>. </p><p>In 1848, Darby became involved in a complex dispute over the proper method for maintaining shared standards of discipline in different assemblies that resulted in a split between <a href="/wiki/Open_Brethren" title="Open Brethren">Open Brethren</a>, which maintained a congregational form of government and <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a>. After that time, he was recognized as the dominant figure among the Exclusives, who also came to be known as "Darbyite" Brethren. He made at least 5 missionary journeys to North America between 1862 and 1877. He worked mostly in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, Ontario, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> region, but took one extended journey from Toronto to Sydney by way of San Francisco, Hawaii, and New Zealand. A Geographical Index of his letters is currently available and lists where he travelled.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used his classical skills to translate the Bible from Hebrew and Greek texts into several languages. In English, he wrote a Synopsis of the Bible and many other scholarly religious articles. He wrote hymns and poems, the most famous being, "The Man of Sorrows", (not to be confused with "Man of Sorrows, What a name" by Philip Bliss (1838-1876)).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a Bible commentator. His writings were collected in his lifetime and published from January 1866 as "The Collected Writings of J. N. Darby"; there were 32 volumes published – two per year 1866–81 and two more soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He translated the Bible with the help of various brethren in different countries into German, French and English.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He declined, however, to contribute to the compilation of the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Version" title="Revised Version">Revised Version</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version">King James</a> Bible even though the revisers consulted Darby's work.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died 1882 in Sundridge House, <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a> and is buried in Bournemouth, <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grab_von_John_Nelson_Darby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Grab_von_John_Nelson_Darby.jpg/200px-Grab_von_John_Nelson_Darby.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Grab_von_John_Nelson_Darby.jpg/300px-Grab_von_John_Nelson_Darby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Grab_von_John_Nelson_Darby.jpg/400px-Grab_von_John_Nelson_Darby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Gravestone of John Nelson Darby in Wimborne Road Cemetery, in <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a>, England.</figcaption></figure> <p>Darby is noted in the theological world as the father of "<a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensationalism</a>", whose eschatology was adopted and later made popular in the United States by <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Scofield" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Scofield">Cyrus Scofield</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Scofield_Reference_Bible" title="Scofield Reference Bible">Scofield Reference Bible</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Mackintosh" title="Charles Henry Mackintosh">Charles Henry Mackintosh</a>, 1820–1896, with his popular style spread Darby's teachings to humbler elements in society and may be regarded as the journalist of the Brethren Movement. Mackintosh popularised Darby<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than any other Brethren author. In the early twentieth century, the Brethren's teachings, through <a href="/wiki/Margaret_E._Barber" title="Margaret E. Barber">Margaret E. Barber</a>, greatly influenced the <a href="/wiki/Local_churches_(affiliation)" title="Local churches (affiliation)">Little Flock</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Assembly_Hall_(Chinese_christian_denomination)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church Assembly Hall (Chinese christian denomination) (page does not exist)">Church Assembly Hall</a> of <a href="/wiki/Watchman_Nee" title="Watchman Nee">Watchman Nee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Witness_Lee" title="Witness Lee">Witness Lee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Darby has been credited with originating the <i>pre-tribulational rapture theory</i> wherein Christ will suddenly remove His bride, the Church, from this world to its heavenly destiny before the judgments of the tribulation. Thus the prophetic program resumes with Israel's earthly destiny. Dispensationalist beliefs about the fate of the Jews and the re-establishment of the Kingdom of Israel put dispensationalists at the forefront of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a>, because "God is able to graft them in again,"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they believe that in His grace he will do so according to their understanding of Old Testament prophecy. They believe that, while the ways of God may change, His purposes to bless Israel will never be forgotten, just as He has shown unmerited favour to the Church, He will do so to a remnant of Israel to fulfil all the promises made to the genetic seed of Abraham.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haddon_Spurgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Haddon Spurgeon">Charles Haddon Spurgeon</a>, Pastor of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Tabernacle" title="Metropolitan Tabernacle">Metropolitan Tabernacle</a> and contemporary of Darby, published criticism of Darby and Brethrenism.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His main criticism was that Darby and the Plymouth Brethren rejected the vicarious purpose of Christ's obedience as well as <a href="/wiki/Imputed_righteousness" title="Imputed righteousness">imputed righteousness</a>. He viewed these of such importance and so central to the Gospel that it led him to publish this statement about the rest of their belief in the Sword and Trowel.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(newspaper_editor)" title="James Grant (newspaper editor)">James Grant</a> wrote: "With the deadly heresies entertained and taught by the Plymouth Brethren, in relation to some of the most momentous of all the doctrines of the Gospel, and to which I have adverted at some length, I feel assured that my readers will not be surprised at any other views, however unscriptural and pernicious they may be, which the Darbyites have embraced and zealously seek to propagate"<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Holy Bible a new translation by J.N. Darby, a parallel edition</i>, Bible Truth Publishers: Addison, Illinois.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stempublishing.com/authors/darby/">The Writings of J. N. Darby</a> courtesy of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stempublishing.com/">Stem Publishing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stempublishing.com/bible-darby/">The Holy Scriptures (A New Translation from the Original Languages by J. N. Darby)</a> courtesy of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stempublishing.com/">Stem Publishing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inthebeloved.org/letterfreewill.htm">A Letter on Free Will by J.N. Darby, Elberfeld, 23 October 1861</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plymouthbrethren.org/article/10884">The Collected Writings Of J. N. Darby, Ecclesiastical No. 1, Volume 1: The Character Of Office In The Present Dispensation</a></li> <li><i>The Watching Servant</i>, Words of Truth: Belfast, Northern Ireland</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wills_Newton" title="Benjamin Wills Newton">Benjamin Wills Newton</a>, former friend of Darby who clashed with Darby on doctrine and practice, which led to the <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a> – <a href="/wiki/Open_Brethren" title="Open Brethren">Open Brethren</a> division</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_I._Scofield" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus I. Scofield">Cyrus I. Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darby_Bible" title="Darby Bible">Darby Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">Dispensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist Christianity">Fundamentalist Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_educated_at_Westminster_School" title="List of people educated at Westminster School">List of people educated at Westminster School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_J._Stanford" title="Miles J. Stanford">Miles J. Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Scotland_Yard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Anderson (Scotland Yard)">Robert Anderson (Scotland Yard)</a> (1841–1918), <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">Dispensational</a> author, lawyer, British intelligence officer and London CID chief, in charge during <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper">Jack the Ripper</a> murders.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchman_Nee" title="Watchman Nee">Watchman Nee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBlaisingBock1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_A._Blaising" title="Craig A. Blaising">Blaising, Craig A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Darrell_Bock" class="mw-redirect" title="Darrell Bock">Bock, Darrell L.</a> (November 1993). <i>Progressive Dispensationalism</i>. Wheaton, IL: <a href="/wiki/Baker_Publishing_Group" title="Baker Publishing Group">Bridgepoint Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441205124" title="Special:BookSources/9781441205124"><bdi>9781441205124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Progressive+Dispensationalism&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+IL&rft.pub=Bridgepoint+Books&rft.date=1993-11&rft.isbn=9781441205124&rft.aulast=Blaising&rft.aufirst=Craig+A.&rft.au=Bock%2C+Darrell+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Scofield Bible: Its History and Impact on the Evangelical Church</i>, Magnum & Sweetnam. Pages 188-195, 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KuQNAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA50"><i>Dublin University Calendar</i></a>. Dublin: Curry, Jun. and co. 1838. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dublin+University+Calendar&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Curry%2C+Jun.+and+co.&rft.date=1838&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKuQNAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._N._Darby" class="citation web cs1">J. N. Darby. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stempublishing.com/authors/darby/New7_96/KERRY.html">"How the Lost Sheep was Saved"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+the+Lost+Sheep+was+Saved&rft.au=J.+N.+Darby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stempublishing.com%2Fauthors%2Fdarby%2FNew7_96%2FKERRY.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup>The year in which Darby left the Church of Ireland, a branch of the Anglican Church, is not certain but a consensus of opinion is that it was possibly around 1831. Searches for formal documentation of his resignation have been made in the Church of Ireland archives, but nothing has been found. </sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup>It is widely believed that Darby and Lady Powerscourt were romantically attached but friends persuaded him that any marriage may prove a distraction.</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Dictionary of Premillennial Theology</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications. 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8254-2351-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8254-2351-1"><bdi>0-8254-2351-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Premillennial+Theology&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Kregel+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8254-2351-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span> p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarsden1982" class="citation book cs1">Marsden, George M. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9swPktfLJigC"><i>Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-503083-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-503083-9"><bdi>978-0-19-503083-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentalism+and+American+Culture%3A+The+Shaping+of+Twentieth+Century+Evangelicalism%2C+1870-1925&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-19-503083-9&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9swPktfLJigC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoddard1948" class="citation book cs1">Goddard, John Howard (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oydLNAEACAAJ"><i>The Contribution of John Nelson Darby to Soteriology, Ecclesiology, and Eschatology</i></a>. Dallas Theological Seminary. p. 86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Contribution+of+John+Nelson+Darby+to+Soteriology%2C+Ecclesiology%2C+and+Eschatology&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Dallas+Theological+Seminary&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Goddard&rft.aufirst=John+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoydLNAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. N. Darby, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stempublishing.com/authors/darby/DOCTRINE/03001E.html">"The Doctrine of the Church of England at the Time of the Reformation"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presenttruthpublishers.com/pdf/Precepts-1996.pdf">"<i>Thy Precepts</i> (magazine), Jan/Feb 1996, Vol. 11, # 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <q><i>The Correspondents of John Nelson Darby, with Geographical Index and Chart of Travels</i>. For the three volumes of Letters of J. N. Darby, it gives the page #, the language it was written in, recipient, place written, and date written; also contains a geographical index and a chart of his travels.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thy+Precepts+%28magazine%29%2C+Jan%2FFeb+1996%2C+Vol.+11%2C+%23+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presenttruthpublishers.com%2Fpdf%2FPrecepts-1996.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plymouthbrethren.com/jndms.htm">"The Man of Sorrows"</a>. <i>plymouthbrethren.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=plymouthbrethren.com&rft.atitle=The+Man+of+Sorrows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plymouthbrethren.com%2Fjndms.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dates of J.N.Darby's Collected Writings, Published by Bible and Gospel Trust 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dates of J. N. Darby's Collected Writings, page 4 & 5, Published by Bible and Gospel Trust 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/John_Nelson_Darby::sub::Biography">"John Nelson Darby : Biography"</a>. <i>museumstuff.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=museumstuff.com&rft.atitle=John+Nelson+Darby+%3A+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumstuff.com%2Flearn%2Ftopics%2FJohn_Nelson_Darby%3A%3Asub%3A%3ABiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWinston_Terrance_Sutherland,_B.S.,_Th.M.2007" class="citation web cs1">Winston Terrance Sutherland, B.S., Th.M. (May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3609/m1/1/high_res_d/dissertation.pdf">"John Nelson Darby: His Contributions to Contemporary Theological Higher Education (Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Texas" title="University of North Texas">University of North Texas</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">20–</span>21. <q>John Nelson Darby died in Bournemouth, on 29 April 1882 of protracted illness (Pickering, 1986; Turner, 1986). In John Nelson Darby: A Memorial, is outlined the funeral service of the revered theologian. Therein is documented that he "was brought to Bournemouth some weeks before his death, to the house of Mr. Hammond, an exClergyman of the Church of England". A large following attended the burial, "from eight to ten hundred" participating in prayers, singing hymns (some written by Darby), and reading, with comment, the Scriptures. "There has been a large plain stone to mark the resting place of the richly-gifted servant of the Lord" displaying the caption: JOHN NELSON DARBY "AS UNKNOWN AND WELL KNOWN". DEPARTED TO BE WITH CHRIST, 29TH APRIL 1882. AGED 81 2 COR. V. 21. Lord let me wait for thee alone, My life be only this, To serve Thee here on earth unknown, Then share Thy heavenly bliss. J. N. D</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Nelson+Darby%3A+His+Contributions+to+Contemporary+Theological+Higher+Education+%28Dissertation+Prepared+for+the+Degree+of+Doctor+of+Philosophy%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.pub=University+of+North+Texas&rft.date=2007-05&rft.au=Winston+Terrance+Sutherland%2C+B.S.%2C+Th.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc3609%2Fm1%2F1%2Fhigh_res_d%2Fdissertation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Henry_Mackintosh" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Mackintosh" title="Charles Henry Mackintosh">Charles Henry Mackintosh</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stempublishing.com/authors/mackintosh/Bk2/ASSEMBLY.html">"The Assembly of God; or, The All-sufficiency of the Name of Jesus"</a>. <q>The termini of the church's earthly history are Pentecost (Acts 2), and the rapture. (1 Thess, 4: 16, 17)]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Assembly+of+God%3B+or%2C+The+All-sufficiency+of+the+Name+of+Jesus&rft.au=Charles+Henry+Mackintosh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stempublishing.com%2Fauthors%2Fmackintosh%2FBk2%2FASSEMBLY.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElmer_L._Towns2000" class="citation web cs1">Elmer L. Towns (1 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=towns_books">"The Ten Greatest Revivals Ever: from Pentecost to the Present"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">Liberty University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2011</span>. <q>Years later, Nee To-sheng, better known outside of China as Watchman Nee, was influenced by a single British missionary, Margaret E. Barber. In 1909, Barber had submitted to believer's baptism and left her Anglican mission to become an independent faith worker. She conducted "breaking of bread" meetings similar to those of the Christian Brethren. Nee To-sheng organized the Little Flock, a Brethren-style indigenous Chinese denomination. The True Jesus Church and Little Flock soon had more adherents than all other mission-sponsored churches combined.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Greatest+Revivals+Ever%3A+from+Pentecost+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Liberty+University&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.au=Elmer+L.+Towns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.liberty.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1002%26context%3Dtowns_books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#11:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 11:23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Spurgeon1869" class="citation web cs1">Charles Spurgeon (June 1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220121642/http://www.spurgeon.org/s_and_t/dbreth.php">"Mr. Grant on "The Darby Brethren"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Sword and Trowel</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spurgeon.org/s_and_t/dbreth.php">the original</a> on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sword+and+Trowel&rft.atitle=Mr.+Grant+on+%22The+Darby+Brethren%22&rft.date=1869-06&rft.au=Charles+Spurgeon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spurgeon.org%2Fs_and_t%2Fdbreth.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpurgeon1874" class="citation book cs1">Spurgeon, Charles Haddon (1874). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Darbyism_and_its_new_Bible"><i>Darbysm and its new Bible</i></a>. London: Macintosh. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Darbysm+and+its+new+Bible&rft.place=London&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Macintosh&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=Charles+Haddon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FDarbyism_and_its_new_Bible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrant1875" class="citation book cs1">Grant, James (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/plymouthbrethre00grangoog#page/n67/mode/2up"><i>The Plymouth Brethren: Their History and Heresies</i></a>. London: William Macintosh. p. 60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Plymouth+Brethren%3A+Their+History+and+Heresies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=William+Macintosh&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fplymouthbrethre00grangoog%23page%2Fn67%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkenson2018" class="citation book cs1">Akenson, Donald H. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G3BoDwAAQBAJ"><i>Exporting the Rapture: John Nelson Darby and the Victorian Conquest of North-American Evangelicalism</i></a>. New-York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190882709" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190882709"><bdi>978-0190882709</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exporting+the+Rapture%3A+John+Nelson+Darby+and+the+Victorian+Conquest+of+North-American+Evangelicalism&rft.place=New-York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0190882709&rft.aulast=Akenson&rft.aufirst=Donald+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG3BoDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurnham2006" class="citation book cs1">Burnham, Jonathan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wKNLAwAAQBAJ"><i>A Story of Conflict: the controversial relationship between Benjamin Wills Newton and John Nelson Darby</i></a>. Eugene: Wipf and Stock. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1597527599" title="Special:BookSources/1597527599"><bdi>1597527599</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Story+of+Conflict%3A+the+controversial+relationship+between+Benjamin+Wills+Newton+and+John+Nelson+Darby&rft.place=Eugene&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1597527599&rft.aulast=Burnham&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwKNLAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGribben2024" class="citation book cs1">Gribben, Crawford (2024). <i>J.N. Darby and the Roots of Dispensationalism</i>. New York (N.Y.): Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190932343" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190932343"><bdi>978-0190932343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.N.+Darby+and+the+Roots+of+Dispensationalism&rft.place=New+York+%28N.Y.%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0190932343&rft.aulast=Gribben&rft.aufirst=Crawford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGroves1866" class="citation book cs1">Groves, Henry (1866). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Darbyism: Its Rise and Development"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Darbyism:_Its_Rise_and_Development"><i>Darbyism: Its Rise and Development and a Review of the "Bethesda Question"</i> </a></span>. London: Houlston & Wright.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Darbyism%3A+Its+Rise+and+Development+and+a+Review+of+the+%22Bethesda+Question%22&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Houlston+%26+Wright&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHummel2023" class="citation book cs1">Hummel, Daniel G. (2023). <i>The Rise and Fall of Dispensationalism: How the Evangelical Battle over the End Times Shaped a Nation</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-802-87922-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-802-87922-6"><bdi>978-0-802-87922-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Dispensationalism%3A+How+the+Evangelical+Battle+over+the+End+Times+Shaped+a+Nation&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-802-87922-6&rft.aulast=Hummel&rft.aufirst=Daniel+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kelly, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stempublishing.com/authors/kelly/7subjcts/jnd_knew.html"><i>John Nelson Darby – as I knew him</i></a>. Words of Truth: Belfast, Northern Ireland.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeatby1901" class="citation book cs1">Neatby, William B. (1901). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title=""><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_history_of_the_Plymouth_Brethren"><i>A history of the Plymouth Brethren</i> </a></span>. London: Hodder & Stoughton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=s%3AA+history+of+the+Plymouth+Brethren&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Neatby&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStokes1885" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Thomas_Stokes" title="George Thomas Stokes">Stokes, George T.</a> (October 1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/contemporaryrev27unkngoog#page/n546/mode/2up">"John Nelson Darby"</a>. <i>The Contemporary Review</i>: <span class="nowrap">537–</span>552.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Contemporary+Review&rft.atitle=John+Nelson+Darby&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E537-%3C%2Fspan%3E552&rft.date=1885-10&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=George+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcontemporaryrev27unkngoog%23page%2Fn546%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStunt2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Stunt, Timothy (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/7141">"John Nelson Darby"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F7141">10.1093/ref:odnb/7141</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+Nelson+Darby&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F7141&rft.aulast=Stunt&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F7141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurner2021" class="citation book cs1">Turner, William G. (2021) [1901]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2CGzgEACAAJ"><i>Unknown and Well Known : a biography of John Nelson Darby</i></a>. London: Chapter Two. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85307-230-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85307-230-3"><bdi>1-85307-230-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unknown+and+Well+Known+%3A+a+biography+of+John+Nelson+Darby&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chapter+Two&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=1-85307-230-3&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY2CGzgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeremchuk2021" class="citation book cs1">Weremchuk, Max S. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2CGzgEACAAJ"><i>John Nelson Darby: A Biography: Updated and Expanded</i></a>. El Cajon, CA: Southern California Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780-986444265" title="Special:BookSources/9780-986444265"><bdi>9780-986444265</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Nelson+Darby%3A+A+Biography%3A+Updated+and+Expanded&rft.place=El+Cajon%2C+CA&rft.pub=Southern+California+Seminary+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780-986444265&rft.aulast=Weremchuk&rft.aufirst=Max+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY2CGzgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Nelson+Darby" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nelson_Darby&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:John_Nelson_Darby" class="extiw" title="s:Author:John Nelson Darby">John Nelson Darby</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Nelson_Darby" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Nelson Darby">John Nelson Darby</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051212210328/http://www.mybrethren.org/bios/framjnd.htm">My Brethren</a>, a biography of J. N. Darby</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stempublishing.com/authors/darby/">The writings of John Nelson Darby</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plymouthbrethren.org/byauthor/5/john_nelson_darby">Darby & Other Resources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Darby%2C%20John%20Nelson%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Darby%2C%20John%20N%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Darby%2C%20J%2E%20N%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22John%20Nelson%20Darby%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22John%20N%2E%20Darby%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22J%2E%20N%2E%20Darby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22John%20Nelson%20Darby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22John%20N%2E%20Darby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22J%2E%20N%2E%20Darby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22J%2E%20Nelson%20Darby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Darby%2C%20John%20Nelson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Darby%2C%20John%20N%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Darby%2C%20J%2E%20N%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Darby%2C%20J%2E%20Nelson%22%20OR%20title%3A%22John%20Nelson%20Darby%22%20OR%20title%3A%22John%20N%2E%20Darby%22%20OR%20title%3A%22J%2E%20N%2E%20Darby%22%20OR%20description%3A%22John%20Nelson%20Darby%22%20OR%20description%3A%22John%20N%2E%20Darby%22%20OR%20description%3A%22J%2E%20N%2E%20Darby%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Darby%2C%20John%20Nelson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Darby%2C%20John%20N%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221800-1882%22%20AND%20Darby%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about John Nelson Darby</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/5648">Works by John Nelson Darby</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:L%E2%80%99Attente_actuelle_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89glise" class="extiw" title="s:fr:L’Attente actuelle de l’Église">L’Attente actuelle de l’église et prophéties qui établissent la vérité du retour personnel du sauveur, exposées en onze soirées à Genève</a>, (1840)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kingdomjc.com/Bible_EN.htm">Bible translated by John Nelson Darby</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pre-trib.org/article-view.php?id=104">J.N. Darby's Early Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081228002720/http://www.pre-trib.org/article-view.php?id=104">Archived</a> 28 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theclaimsofthech00kelluoft">Correspondence between Darby and Rev. James Kelly of the Church of England – 5 megabytes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/manchesteruniversity/data/gb133-jnd">Papers of John Nelson Darby</a> – Archive of Darby's personal papers at the University of Manchester Library, Manchester, England</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblecounsel.homestead.com">Writings by J. N. Darby and his contemporaries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presenttruthpublishers.com">Roy A. Huebner: Historian regarding J. N. Darby, early Brethren, their theology, and dispensationalism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/darby/index.htm">Synopsis of the Books of the Bible by John Nelson Darby</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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