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data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" 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2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon 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0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_sponsors","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="/sponsors"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Sponsors</div> Fund open source developers </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center 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role="listbox" class="ActionListWrap QueryBuilder-ListWrap" aria-label="Suggestions" data-action=" combobox-commit:query-builder#comboboxCommit mousedown:query-builder#resultsMousedown " data-target="query-builder.resultsList" data-persist-list=false id="query-builder-test-results" ></ul> </div> <div class="FormControl-inlineValidation" id="validation-c3da5bdc-1b61-41ab-b6b9-633fa56d82a7" hidden="hidden"> <span class="FormControl-inlineValidation--visual"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" version="1.1" width="12" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert-fill"> <path d="M4.855.708c.5-.896 1.79-.896 2.29 0l4.675 8.351a1.312 1.312 0 0 1-1.146 1.954H1.33A1.313 1.313 0 0 1 .183 9.058ZM7 7V3H5v4Zm-1 3a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span></span> </div> </div> <div data-target="query-builder.screenReaderFeedback" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="sr-only"></div> </query-builder></form> <div class="d-flex flex-row color-fg-muted px-3 text-small color-bg-default search-feedback-prompt"> <a target="_blank" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax" data-view-component="true" class="Link color-fg-accent text-normal ml-2">Search syntax tips</a> <div class="d-flex flex-1"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </modal-dialog></div> </div> <div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div> <div class="color-fg-default"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div 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--></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="XxEiM/T2UUF32TeCtGjKyHVzafU5TqPJH9FT1yYlcbbvzXgRD3j3D+3QMmQQaS1ogCyjnWydLSJTgSjYmaBH/A==" /> <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button 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data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="niDWzXiCoHXktHxqV6IGio73L/8q4lKeSmrjBhsjU/lIMYaLSMCY7lJ8DKM/XEnweUQEnls6/8sSs6NuoVP8pg==" /> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <input type="hidden" id="custom_scope_id" name="custom_scope_id" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesIdField"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="custom_scope_name">Name</label> <auto-check src="/search/custom_scopes/check_name" required only-validate-on-blur="false"> <input type="text" name="custom_scope_name" id="custom_scope_name" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesNameField" class="form-control" autocomplete="off" placeholder="github-ruby" required maxlength="50"> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="TZIxXZQnMUap39fGbb0I02Kr12Pz+kmz5T11PF/wEilqy6Ycl0QHV2/AeQSd6tyfXUt1LWvMq2U5AwSlgIqy2A==" /> </auto-check> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="custom_scope_query">Query</label> <input type="text" name="custom_scope_query" id="custom_scope_query" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesQueryField" class="form-control" autocomplete="off" placeholder="(repo:mona/a OR repo:mona/b) AND lang:python" required maxlength="500"> </div> <p class="text-small color-fg-muted"> To see all available qualifiers, see our <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax">documentation</a>. </p> </form> </div> <div data-target="custom-scopes.manageCustomScopesForm"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.list"></div> </div> </div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd Overlay-footer--divided"> <button data-action="click:custom-scopes#customScopesCancel" 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MAKE ALL FORKS OF\nTHIS REPOSITORY WITH SOLUTION CODE PRIVATE.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDistributed Systems Labs and Framework\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-distributed-systems-labs-and-framework\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Distributed Systems Labs and Framework\" href=\"#distributed-systems-labs-and-framework\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://ellismichael.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEllis Michael\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eUniversity of Washington\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDSLabs is a new framework for creating, testing, model checking, visualizing,\nand debugging distributed systems lab assignments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe best way to understand distributed systems is by implementing them. And as\nthe old saying goes, \"practice doesn't make perfect, perfect practice makes\nperfect.\" That is, it's one thing to write code which usually works; it's\nanother thing entirely to write code which works in all cases. The latter\nendeavor is far more useful for understanding the complexities of the\ndistributed programming model and specific distributed protocols.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTesting distributed systems, however, is notoriously difficult. One thing we\nfound in previous iterations of the distributed systems class at UW is that many\nstudents would write implementations which passed all of our automated tests but\nnevertheless were incorrect, often in non-trivial ways. Some of these bugs would\nonly manifest themselves in later assignments, while others would go entirely\nunnoticed by our tests. We were able to manually inspect students' submissions\nand uncover some of these errors, but this approach to grading does not scale\nand does not provide the immediate feedback of automated tests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe DSLabs framework and labs are engineered around the goal of helping students\nunderstand and correctly implement distributed systems. The framework provides a\nsuite of tools for creating automated tests, including model checking tests\nwhich systematically explore the state-space of students' implementations. These\ntests are much more likely to catch many common distributed systems bugs,\nespecially bugs which rely on precise orderings of messages. Moreover, when a\nbug is found, these search-based tests output a trace which generates the error,\nmaking debugging dramatically simpler. Finally, DSLabs is integrated with a\nvisual debugging tool, which allows students to graphically explore executions\nof their systems and visualize invariant-violating traces found by the\nmodel-checker.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eProgramming Model\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-programming-model\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Programming Model\" href=\"#programming-model\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe DSLabs framework is built around message-passing state machines (also known\nas I/O automata or distributed actors), which we call \u003cem\u003enodes\u003c/em\u003e. These basic units\nof a distributed system consist of a set of message and timer handlers; these\nhandlers define how the node updates its internal state, sends messages, and\nsets timers in response to an incoming message or timer. These nodes are run in\nsingle-threaded event loops, which take messages from network and timers from\nthe node's timer queue and call the node's handlers for those events.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis model of computation is typically the one we use when introduce distributed\nsystems for the first time and the one we use when we want to reason about\ndistributed protocols and prove their correctness. The philosophy behind this\nframework is that by creating for students a programming environment which\nmirrors the mathematical model distributed protocols are described in, we put\nthem on the best footing to be able to reason about their own implementations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTesting and Model Checking\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-testing-and-model-checking\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Testing and Model Checking\" href=\"#testing-and-model-checking\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe lab infrastructure has a suite of tools for creating automated test cases\nfor distributed systems. These tools make it easy to express the scenarios the\nsystem should be tested against (e.g., varying client workloads, network\nconditions, failure patterns, etc.) and then run students' implementations on an\nemulated network (it is also possible to replace the emulated network interface\nwith an interface to the actual network).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhile executing certain scenarios is useful in uncovering bugs in students'\nimplementations, it is difficult to test all possible scenarios that might\noccur. Moreover, once these tests uncover a problem, it is a challenge to\ndiscover its root cause. Because the DSLabs framework has its node-centric view\nof distributed computation, it enables a more thorough form of testing –\n\u003cem\u003emodel checking\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eModel checking a distributed system is conceptually simple. First, the initial\nstate of the system is configured. Then, we say that one state of the system,\ns₂, (consisting of the internal state of all nodes, the state of their timer\nqueues, and the state of the network) is the successor of another state s₁ if it\ncan be obtained from s₁ by delivering a single message or timer that is pending\nin s₁. A state might have multiple successor states. Model checking is the\nsystematic exploration of this state graph, the simplest approach being\nbreadth-first search. The DSLabs model-checker lets us define \u003cem\u003einvariants\u003c/em\u003e that\nshould be preserved (e.g. linearizability) and then search though all possible\nordering of events to make sure those invariants are preserved in students'\nimplementations. When an invariant violation is found, the model-checker can\nproduce a \u003cem\u003eminimal trace\u003c/em\u003e which leads to the invariant violation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhile model checking distributed systems is useful and has been used extensively\nin industry and academia to find bugs in distributed systems, exploration of the\nstate graph is still a fundamentally hard problem – the size of the graph is\ntypically exponential as a function of depth. To extend the usefulness of model\nchecking even further, the test infrastructure lets us prune the portion of the\nstate graph we explore for an individual test, guiding the search towards common\nproblems while still exploring all possible executions in the remaining portion\nof the state space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe DSLabs model is built to be usable by students and be as \u003cem\u003etransparent as is\npractical\u003c/em\u003e. Students will be required to make certain accommodations for the\nmodel checker's sake, but we try to limit these and provide tools that help\nvalidate the model checker's assumptions and debug model checking performance\nissues. Moreover, the model checker itself is not designed with state-of-the-art\nperformance as its only goal. Building a model checker that can test student\nimplementations of runnable systems built in a general-purpose language such as\nJava requires striking a balance between usability and performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eVisualization\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-visualization\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Visualization\" href=\"#visualization\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis framework is integrated with a visual debugger. This tool allows students\nto interactively explore executions of the distributed systems they build. By\nexploring executions of their distributed system, students can very quickly test\ntheir own hypotheses about how their nodes should behave, helping them discover\nbugs in their protocols and gain a deeper understanding for the way their\nsystems work. Additionally, the tool is used to visualize the\ninvariant-violating traces produced by the model-checker.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAssignments\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-assignments\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Assignments\" href=\"#assignments\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe currently have four individual assignments in this framework. In these\nprojects, students incrementally build a distributed, fault-tolerant, sharded,\ntransactional key/value store!\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLab 0 provides a simple ping protocol as an example.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLab 1 has students implement an exactly-once RPC protocol on top of an\nasynchronous network. They re-use the pieces they build in lab 1 in later labs.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLab 2 introduces students to fault-tolerance by having them implement a\nprimary-backup protocol.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLab 3 asks students to take the lessons learned in lab 2 and implement Paxos.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLab 4 has students build a sharded key/value store out of multiple replica\ngroups, each of which uses Paxos internally for replication. They finish by\nimplementing a two-phase commit protocol to handle multi-key updates.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eParts of this sequence of assignments (especially labs 2 and 4) are adapted from\nthe \u003ca href=\"http://nil.csail.mit.edu/6.824/2015/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMIT 6.824 Labs\u003c/a\u003e. The finished product\nis a system whose core design is very similar to production storage systems like\nGoogle's Spanner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe have used the DSLabs framework and assignments in distributed systems classes\nat the University of Washington.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDirectory Overview\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-directory-overview\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Directory Overview\" href=\"#directory-overview\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eframework/src\u003c/code\u003e contains the interface students program against.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eframework/tst\u003c/code\u003e contains in the testing infrastructure.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eframework/tst-self\u003c/code\u003e contains the tests for the interface and testing\ninfrastructure.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003elabs\u003c/code\u003e contains a subdirectory for each lab. The lab directories each have a\n\u003ccode\u003esrc\u003c/code\u003e directory initialized with skeleton code where students write their\nimplementations, as well as a \u003ccode\u003etst\u003c/code\u003e directory containing the tests for that\nlab.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003ehandout-files\u003c/code\u003e contains files to be directly copied into the student\nhandout, including the main \u003ccode\u003eREADME\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003erun-tests.py\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003egrading\u003c/code\u003e contains scripts created by previous TAs for the course to batch\ngrade submissions.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003ewww\u003c/code\u003e contains the DSLabs website which is built with Jekyll.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003emaster\u003c/code\u003e branch of this repository is not setup to be distributed to\nstudents as-is. The \u003ccode\u003eMakefile\u003c/code\u003e has targets to build the \u003ccode\u003ehandout\u003c/code\u003e directory and\n\u003ccode\u003ehandout.tar.gz\u003c/code\u003e, which contain a single JAR with the compiled framework,\ntesting infrastructure, and all dependencies. The \u003ccode\u003ehandout\u003c/code\u003e branch of this\nrepository is an auto-built version of the handout.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContributing\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contributing\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contributing\" href=\"#contributing\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe main tools for development are the same as the students' dependencies — Java\n17 and Python 3. You will also need a few utilities such as \u003ccode\u003ewget\u003c/code\u003e to build with\nthe provided \u003ccode\u003eMakefile\u003c/code\u003e; MacOS users will need \u003ccode\u003egtar\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003egcp\u003c/code\u003e provided by the\n\u003ccode\u003ecoreutils\u003c/code\u003e Homebrew package, and \u003ccode\u003egsed\u003c/code\u003e provided by its own Homebrew package.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIntelliJ files are provided and include a code style used by this project. In\norder to provide IntelliJ with all of the necessary libraries, you must run\n\u003ccode\u003emake dependencies\u003c/code\u003e once after cloning the repository and whenever you add to or\nmodify the project's dependencies. You will also need the Lombok IntelliJ\nplugin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis project uses\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/google-java-format\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egoogle-java-format\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e to format\nJava files. You should run \u003ccode\u003emake format\u003c/code\u003e before committing changes. If you want\nIntelliJ to apply the same formatting, you will need the \u003ccode\u003egoogle-java-format\u003c/code\u003e\nIntelliJ plugin, and you will need to apply the necessary \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/google-java-format/blob/master/README.md#intellij-jre-config\"\u003epost-install\nsettings\u003c/a\u003e\nin IntelliJ.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you add fields to any student-visible classes (all classes in the \u003ccode\u003eframework\u003c/code\u003e\npackage as well as \u003ccode\u003eSearchState\u003c/code\u003e and related classes), you should take care to\nensure that \u003ccode\u003etoString\u003c/code\u003e prints the correct information and that the classes are\ncloned correctly. See \u003ccode\u003edslabs.framework.testing.utils.Cloning\u003c/code\u003e for more details.\nAlso see Lombok's \u003ccode\u003e@ToString\u003c/code\u003e annotation for more information about customizing\nits behavior. In particular, note that \u003ccode\u003etransient\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003estatic\u003c/code\u003e fields are\nignored by default by all cloning, serialization, and \u003ccode\u003etoString\u003c/code\u003e methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-acknowledgements\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Acknowledgements\" href=\"#acknowledgements\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe framework and labs have been improved thanks to valuable contributions from:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlex Saveau\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAndrew Wei\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArman Mohammed\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDoug Woos\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGuangda Sun\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJames Wilcox\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohn Depaszthory\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKaelin Laundry\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogan Gnanapragasam\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNick Anderson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePaul Yau\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSarang Joshi\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThomas Anderson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe lab assignments, especially labs 2 and 4, were adapted with permission from\nthe MIT 6.824 labs developed by Robert Morris and colleagues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContact\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contact\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contact\" href=\"#contact\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBug reports and feature requests should be submitted using the GitHub issues\ntool. Email Ellis Michael (\u003ca href=\"mailto:emichael@cs.washington.edu\"\u003eemichael@cs.washington.edu\u003c/a\u003e) with any other questions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you use these labs in a course you teach, I'd love to hear from you!\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"Distributed Systems Labs and Framework","anchor":"distributed-systems-labs-and-framework","htmlText":"Distributed Systems Labs and Framework"},{"level":3,"text":"Programming Model","anchor":"programming-model","htmlText":"Programming Model"},{"level":3,"text":"Testing and Model Checking","anchor":"testing-and-model-checking","htmlText":"Testing and Model Checking"},{"level":3,"text":"Visualization","anchor":"visualization","htmlText":"Visualization"},{"level":2,"text":"Assignments","anchor":"assignments","htmlText":"Assignments"},{"level":2,"text":"Directory Overview","anchor":"directory-overview","htmlText":"Directory Overview"},{"level":2,"text":"Contributing","anchor":"contributing","htmlText":"Contributing"},{"level":2,"text":"Acknowledgements","anchor":"acknowledgements","htmlText":"Acknowledgements"},{"level":2,"text":"Contact","anchor":"contact","htmlText":"Contact"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Femichael%2Fdslabs"}}],"overviewFilesProcessingTime":0}},"appPayload":{"helpUrl":"https://docs.github.com","findFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-file-worker-7d7eb7c71814.js","findInFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-in-file-worker-708ec8ade250.js","githubDevUrl":null,"enabled_features":{"copilot_workspace":null,"code_nav_ui_events":false,"react_blob_overlay":false,"accessible_code_button":true,"github_models_repo_integration":false}}}}</script> <div data-target="react-partial.reactRoot"><style data-styled="true" data-styled-version="5.3.11">.iVEunk{margin-top:16px;margin-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/ 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MAKE ALL FORKS OF THIS REPOSITORY WITH SOLUTION CODE PRIVATE.</strong></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Distributed Systems Labs and Framework</h1><a id="user-content-distributed-systems-labs-and-framework" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Distributed Systems Labs and Framework" href="#distributed-systems-labs-and-framework"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="http://ellismichael.com/" rel="nofollow">Ellis Michael</a><br> <em>University of Washington</em></p> <p dir="auto">DSLabs is a new framework for creating, testing, model checking, visualizing, and debugging distributed systems lab assignments.</p> <p dir="auto">The best way to understand distributed systems is by implementing them. And as the old saying goes, "practice doesn't make perfect, perfect practice makes perfect." That is, it's one thing to write code which usually works; it's another thing entirely to write code which works in all cases. The latter endeavor is far more useful for understanding the complexities of the distributed programming model and specific distributed protocols.</p> <p dir="auto">Testing distributed systems, however, is notoriously difficult. One thing we found in previous iterations of the distributed systems class at UW is that many students would write implementations which passed all of our automated tests but nevertheless were incorrect, often in non-trivial ways. Some of these bugs would only manifest themselves in later assignments, while others would go entirely unnoticed by our tests. We were able to manually inspect students' submissions and uncover some of these errors, but this approach to grading does not scale and does not provide the immediate feedback of automated tests.</p> <p dir="auto">The DSLabs framework and labs are engineered around the goal of helping students understand and correctly implement distributed systems. The framework provides a suite of tools for creating automated tests, including model checking tests which systematically explore the state-space of students' implementations. These tests are much more likely to catch many common distributed systems bugs, especially bugs which rely on precise orderings of messages. Moreover, when a bug is found, these search-based tests output a trace which generates the error, making debugging dramatically simpler. Finally, DSLabs is integrated with a visual debugging tool, which allows students to graphically explore executions of their systems and visualize invariant-violating traces found by the model-checker.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Programming Model</h3><a id="user-content-programming-model" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Programming Model" href="#programming-model"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The DSLabs framework is built around message-passing state machines (also known as I/O automata or distributed actors), which we call <em>nodes</em>. These basic units of a distributed system consist of a set of message and timer handlers; these handlers define how the node updates its internal state, sends messages, and sets timers in response to an incoming message or timer. These nodes are run in single-threaded event loops, which take messages from network and timers from the node's timer queue and call the node's handlers for those events.</p> <p dir="auto">This model of computation is typically the one we use when introduce distributed systems for the first time and the one we use when we want to reason about distributed protocols and prove their correctness. The philosophy behind this framework is that by creating for students a programming environment which mirrors the mathematical model distributed protocols are described in, we put them on the best footing to be able to reason about their own implementations.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Testing and Model Checking</h3><a id="user-content-testing-and-model-checking" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Testing and Model Checking" href="#testing-and-model-checking"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The lab infrastructure has a suite of tools for creating automated test cases for distributed systems. These tools make it easy to express the scenarios the system should be tested against (e.g., varying client workloads, network conditions, failure patterns, etc.) and then run students' implementations on an emulated network (it is also possible to replace the emulated network interface with an interface to the actual network).</p> <p dir="auto">While executing certain scenarios is useful in uncovering bugs in students' implementations, it is difficult to test all possible scenarios that might occur. Moreover, once these tests uncover a problem, it is a challenge to discover its root cause. Because the DSLabs framework has its node-centric view of distributed computation, it enables a more thorough form of testing – <em>model checking</em>.</p> <p dir="auto">Model checking a distributed system is conceptually simple. First, the initial state of the system is configured. Then, we say that one state of the system, s₂, (consisting of the internal state of all nodes, the state of their timer queues, and the state of the network) is the successor of another state s₁ if it can be obtained from s₁ by delivering a single message or timer that is pending in s₁. A state might have multiple successor states. Model checking is the systematic exploration of this state graph, the simplest approach being breadth-first search. The DSLabs model-checker lets us define <em>invariants</em> that should be preserved (e.g. linearizability) and then search though all possible ordering of events to make sure those invariants are preserved in students' implementations. When an invariant violation is found, the model-checker can produce a <em>minimal trace</em> which leads to the invariant violation.</p> <p dir="auto">While model checking distributed systems is useful and has been used extensively in industry and academia to find bugs in distributed systems, exploration of the state graph is still a fundamentally hard problem – the size of the graph is typically exponential as a function of depth. To extend the usefulness of model checking even further, the test infrastructure lets us prune the portion of the state graph we explore for an individual test, guiding the search towards common problems while still exploring all possible executions in the remaining portion of the state space.</p> <p dir="auto">The DSLabs model is built to be usable by students and be as <em>transparent as is practical</em>. Students will be required to make certain accommodations for the model checker's sake, but we try to limit these and provide tools that help validate the model checker's assumptions and debug model checking performance issues. Moreover, the model checker itself is not designed with state-of-the-art performance as its only goal. Building a model checker that can test student implementations of runnable systems built in a general-purpose language such as Java requires striking a balance between usability and performance.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Visualization</h3><a id="user-content-visualization" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Visualization" href="#visualization"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This framework is integrated with a visual debugger. This tool allows students to interactively explore executions of the distributed systems they build. By exploring executions of their distributed system, students can very quickly test their own hypotheses about how their nodes should behave, helping them discover bugs in their protocols and gain a deeper understanding for the way their systems work. Additionally, the tool is used to visualize the invariant-violating traces produced by the model-checker.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Assignments</h2><a id="user-content-assignments" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Assignments" href="#assignments"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">We currently have four individual assignments in this framework. In these projects, students incrementally build a distributed, fault-tolerant, sharded, transactional key/value store!</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Lab 0 provides a simple ping protocol as an example.</li> <li>Lab 1 has students implement an exactly-once RPC protocol on top of an asynchronous network. They re-use the pieces they build in lab 1 in later labs.</li> <li>Lab 2 introduces students to fault-tolerance by having them implement a primary-backup protocol.</li> <li>Lab 3 asks students to take the lessons learned in lab 2 and implement Paxos.</li> <li>Lab 4 has students build a sharded key/value store out of multiple replica groups, each of which uses Paxos internally for replication. They finish by implementing a two-phase commit protocol to handle multi-key updates.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Parts of this sequence of assignments (especially labs 2 and 4) are adapted from the <a href="http://nil.csail.mit.edu/6.824/2015/" rel="nofollow">MIT 6.824 Labs</a>. The finished product is a system whose core design is very similar to production storage systems like Google's Spanner.</p> <p dir="auto">We have used the DSLabs framework and assignments in distributed systems classes at the University of Washington.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Directory Overview</h2><a id="user-content-directory-overview" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Directory Overview" href="#directory-overview"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>framework/src</code> contains the interface students program against.</li> <li><code>framework/tst</code> contains in the testing infrastructure.</li> <li><code>framework/tst-self</code> contains the tests for the interface and testing infrastructure.</li> <li><code>labs</code> contains a subdirectory for each lab. The lab directories each have a <code>src</code> directory initialized with skeleton code where students write their implementations, as well as a <code>tst</code> directory containing the tests for that lab.</li> <li><code>handout-files</code> contains files to be directly copied into the student handout, including the main <code>README</code> and <code>run-tests.py</code>.</li> <li><code>grading</code> contains scripts created by previous TAs for the course to batch grade submissions.</li> <li><code>www</code> contains the DSLabs website which is built with Jekyll.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">The <code>master</code> branch of this repository is not setup to be distributed to students as-is. The <code>Makefile</code> has targets to build the <code>handout</code> directory and <code>handout.tar.gz</code>, which contain a single JAR with the compiled framework, testing infrastructure, and all dependencies. The <code>handout</code> branch of this repository is an auto-built version of the handout.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contributing</h2><a id="user-content-contributing" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contributing" href="#contributing"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The main tools for development are the same as the students' dependencies — Java 17 and Python 3. You will also need a few utilities such as <code>wget</code> to build with the provided <code>Makefile</code>; MacOS users will need <code>gtar</code> and <code>gcp</code> provided by the <code>coreutils</code> Homebrew package, and <code>gsed</code> provided by its own Homebrew package.</p> <p dir="auto">IntelliJ files are provided and include a code style used by this project. In order to provide IntelliJ with all of the necessary libraries, you must run <code>make dependencies</code> once after cloning the repository and whenever you add to or modify the project's dependencies. You will also need the Lombok IntelliJ plugin.</p> <p dir="auto">This project uses <a href="https://github.com/google/google-java-format"><code>google-java-format</code></a> to format Java files. You should run <code>make format</code> before committing changes. If you want IntelliJ to apply the same formatting, you will need the <code>google-java-format</code> IntelliJ plugin, and you will need to apply the necessary <a href="https://github.com/google/google-java-format/blob/master/README.md#intellij-jre-config">post-install settings</a> in IntelliJ.</p> <p dir="auto">If you add fields to any student-visible classes (all classes in the <code>framework</code> package as well as <code>SearchState</code> and related classes), you should take care to ensure that <code>toString</code> prints the correct information and that the classes are cloned correctly. See <code>dslabs.framework.testing.utils.Cloning</code> for more details. Also see Lombok's <code>@ToString</code> annotation for more information about customizing its behavior. In particular, note that <code>transient</code> and <code>static</code> fields are ignored by default by all cloning, serialization, and <code>toString</code> methods.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Acknowledgements</h2><a id="user-content-acknowledgements" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Acknowledgements" href="#acknowledgements"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The framework and labs have been improved thanks to valuable contributions from:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Alex Saveau</li> <li>Andrew Wei</li> <li>Arman Mohammed</li> <li>Doug Woos</li> <li>Guangda Sun</li> <li>James Wilcox</li> <li>John Depaszthory</li> <li>Kaelin Laundry</li> <li>Logan Gnanapragasam</li> <li>Nick Anderson</li> <li>Paul Yau</li> <li>Sarang Joshi</li> <li>Thomas Anderson</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">The lab assignments, especially labs 2 and 4, were adapted with permission from the MIT 6.824 labs developed by Robert Morris and colleagues.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contact</h2><a id="user-content-contact" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contact" href="#contact"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Bug reports and feature requests should be submitted using the GitHub issues tool. Email Ellis Michael (<a href="mailto:emichael@cs.washington.edu">emichael@cs.washington.edu</a>) with any other questions.</p> <p dir="auto">If you use these labs in a course you teach, I'd love to hear from you!</p> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="TOJukAoDkP3lpkeVlYxuoAsKHTDoFJtiibYHKId5t5A096UWg7Tik5pIzlb8xVmU+CfpWGGpmNdl0x4Q1w9/2A==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> Distributed Systems Labs and Framework </p> <div class="my-3 d-flex flex-items-center"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon 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dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details> </template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div> </div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> </div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> </body> </html>