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photoacoustic gas sensor</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: photoacoustic gas sensor"> <meta name="keywords" content="photoacoustic gas sensor"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="photoacoustic gas sensor"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1425</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: photoacoustic gas sensor</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1425</span> Cost-Effective Indoor-Air Quality (IAQ) Monitoring via Cavity Enhanced Photoacoustic Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jifang%20Tao">Jifang Tao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20Gao"> Fei Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Cai"> Hong Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20Jin%20Zheng"> Yuan Jin Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20Dong%20Gu"> Yuan Dong Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photoacoustic technology is used to measure effect absorption of a light by means of acoustic detection, which provides a high sensitive, low-cross response, cost-effective solution for gas molecular detection. In this paper, we proposed an integrated photoacoustic sensor for Indoor-air quality (IAQ) monitoring. The sensor consists of an acoustically resonant cavity, a high silicon acoustic transducer chip, and a low-cost light source. The light is modulated at the resonant frequency of the cavity to create an enhanced periodic heating and result in an amplified acoustic pressure wave. The pressure is readout by a novel acoustic transducer with low noise. Based on this photoacoustic sensor, typical indoor gases, including CO2, CO, O2, and H2O have been successfully detected, and their concentration are also evaluated with very high accuracy. It has wide potential applications in IAQ monitoring for agriculture, food industry, and ventilation control systems used in public places, such as schools, hospitals and airports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor-air%20quality%20%28IAQ%29%20monitoring" title="indoor-air quality (IAQ) monitoring">indoor-air quality (IAQ) monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic%20gas%20sensor" title=" photoacoustic gas sensor"> photoacoustic gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavity%20enhancement" title=" cavity enhancement"> cavity enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20gas%20sensor" title=" integrated gas sensor"> integrated gas sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35061/cost-effective-indoor-air-quality-iaq-monitoring-via-cavity-enhanced-photoacoustic-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">658</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1424</span> Image Enhancement Algorithm of Photoacoustic Tomography Using Active Contour Filtering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasannakumar%20Palaniappan">Prasannakumar Palaniappan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Ho%20Shin"> Dong Ho Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Gyu%20Song"> Chul Gyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The photoacoustic images are obtained from a custom developed linear array photoacoustic tomography system. The biological specimens are imitated by conducting phantom tests in order to retrieve a fully functional photoacoustic image. The acquired image undergoes the active region based contour filtering to remove the noise and accurately segment the object area for further processing. The universal back projection method is used as the image reconstruction algorithm. The active contour filtering is analyzed by evaluating the signal to noise ratio and comparing it with the other filtering methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contour%20filtering" title="contour filtering">contour filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20array" title=" linear array"> linear array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic%20tomography" title=" photoacoustic tomography"> photoacoustic tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20back%20projection" title=" universal back projection"> universal back projection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40626/image-enhancement-algorithm-of-photoacoustic-tomography-using-active-contour-filtering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1423</span> Comparison of Back-Projection with Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Transform for Real-Time Photoacoustic Tomography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moung%20Young%20Lee">Moung Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Gyu%20Song"> Chul Gyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photoacoustic imaging is the imaging technology that combines the optical imaging and ultrasound. This provides the high contrast and resolution due to optical imaging and ultrasound imaging, respectively. We developed the real-time photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system using linear-ultrasound transducer and digital acquisition (DAQ) board. There are two types of algorithm for reconstructing the photoacoustic signal. One is back-projection algorithm, the other is FFT algorithm. Especially, we used the non-uniform FFT algorithm. To evaluate the performance of our system and algorithms, we monitored two wires that stands at interval of 2.89 mm and 0.87 mm. Then, we compared the images reconstructed by algorithms. Finally, we monitored the two hairs crossed and compared between these algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back-projection" title="back-projection">back-projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20comparison" title=" image comparison"> image comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-uniform%20FFT" title=" non-uniform FFT"> non-uniform FFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic%20tomography" title=" photoacoustic tomography"> photoacoustic tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40584/comparison-of-back-projection-with-non-uniform-fast-fourier-transform-for-real-time-photoacoustic-tomography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1422</span> Detecting the Blood of Femoral and Carotid Artery of Swine Using Photoacoustic Tomography in-vivo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Lee">M. Y. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Park"> S. H. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Yu"> S. M. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Jo"> H. S. Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20Song"> C. G. Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photoacoustic imaging is the imaging technology that combines the optical imaging with ultrasound. It also provides the high contrast and resolution due to optical and ultrasound imaging, respectively. For these reasons, many studies take experiment in order to apply this method for many diagnoses. We developed the real-time photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system using linear-ultrasound transducer. In this study, we conduct the experiment using swine and detect the blood of carotid artery and femoral artery. We measured the blood of femoral and carotid artery of swine and reconstructed the image using 950nm due to the HbO₂ absorption coefficient. The photoacoustic image is overlaid with ultrasound image in order to match the position. In blood of artery, major composition of blood is HbO₂. In this result, we can measure the blood of artery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic%20tomography" title="photoacoustic tomography">photoacoustic tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swine%20artery" title=" swine artery"> swine artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotid%20artery" title=" carotid artery"> carotid artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femoral%20artery" title=" femoral artery"> femoral artery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92983/detecting-the-blood-of-femoral-and-carotid-artery-of-swine-using-photoacoustic-tomography-in-vivo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1421</span> Detecting Rat’s Kidney Inflammation Using Real Time Photoacoustic Tomography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Lee">M. Y. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20H.%20Shin"> D. H. Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Park"> S. H. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.C.%20Ham"> W.C. Ham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.K.%20Ko"> S.K. Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20Song"> C. G. Song </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) is a promising medical imaging modality that combines optical imaging contrast with the spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. It can also distinguish the changes in biological features. But, real-time PAT system should be confirmed due to photoacoustic effect for tissue. Thus, we have developed a real-time PAT system using a custom-developed data acquisition board and ultrasound linear probe. To evaluate performance of our system, phantom test was performed. As a result of those experiments, the system showed satisfactory performance and its usefulness has been confirmed. We monitored the degradation of inflammation which induced on the rat’s kidney using real-time PAT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic%20tomography" title="photoacoustic tomography">photoacoustic tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation%20detection" title=" inflammation detection"> inflammation detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney" title=" kidney"> kidney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrast%20agent" title=" contrast agent"> contrast agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71172/detecting-rats-kidney-inflammation-using-real-time-photoacoustic-tomography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1420</span> A Study on Real-Time Fluorescence-Photoacoustic Imaging System for Mouse Thrombosis Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Hun%20Park">Sang Hun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moung%20Young%20Lee"> Moung Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Min%20Yu"> Su Min Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Sang%20Jo"> Hyun Sang Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Hyeon%20Kim"> Ji Hyeon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Gyu%20Song"> Chul Gyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A near-infrared light source used as a light source in the fluorescence imaging system is suitable for use in real-time during the operation since it has no interference in surgical vision. However, fluorescence images do not have depth information. In this paper, we configured the device with the research on molecular imaging systems for monitoring thrombus imaging using fluorescence and photoacoustic. Fluorescence imaging was performed using a phantom experiment in order to search the exact location, and the Photoacoustic image was in order to detect the depth. Fluorescence image obtained when evaluated through current phantom experiments when the concentration of the contrast agent is 25μg / ml, it was confirmed that it looked sharper. The phantom experiment is has shown the possibility with the fluorescence image and photoacoustic image using an indocyanine green contrast agent. For early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, more active research with the fusion of different molecular imaging devices is required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence" title="fluorescence">fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic" title=" photoacoustic"> photoacoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indocyanine%20green" title=" indocyanine green"> indocyanine green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotid%20artery" title=" carotid artery"> carotid artery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93152/a-study-on-real-time-fluorescence-photoacoustic-imaging-system-for-mouse-thrombosis-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1419</span> Selective and Highly Sensitive Measurement of ¹⁵NH₃ Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Environmental Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emily%20Awuor">Emily Awuor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helga%20Huszar"> Helga Huszar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoltan%20Bozoki"> Zoltan Bozoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Isotope analysis has found numerous applications in the environmental science discipline, most common being the tracing of environmental contaminants on both regional and global scales. Many environmental contaminants contain ammonia (NH₃) since it is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere and its largest sources are from agricultural and industrial activities. NH₃ isotopes (¹⁴NH₃ and ¹⁵NH₃) are therefore important and can be used in the traceability studies of these atmospheric pollutants. The goal of the project is the construction of a photoacoustic spectroscopy system that is capable of measuring ¹⁵NH₃ isotope selectively in terms of its concentration. A further objective is for the system to be robust, easy-to-use, and automated. This is provided by using two telecommunication type near-infrared distributed feedback (DFB) diode lasers and a laser coupler as the light source in the photoacoustic measurement system. The central wavelength of the lasers in use was 1532 nm, with the tuning range of ± 1 nm. In this range, strong absorption lines can be found for both ¹⁴NH₃ and ¹⁵NH₃. For the selective measurement of ¹⁵NH₃, wavelengths were chosen where the cross effect of ¹⁴NH₃ and water vapor is negligible. We completed the calibration of the photoacoustic system, and as a result, the lowest detectable concentration was 3.32 ppm (3Ϭ) in the case of ¹⁵NH₃ and 0.44 ppm (3Ϭ) in the case of ¹⁴NH₃. The results are most useful in the environmental pollution measurement and analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia%20isotope" title="ammonia isotope">ammonia isotope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-infrared%20DFB%20diode%20laser" title=" near-infrared DFB diode laser"> near-infrared DFB diode laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic%20spectroscopy" title=" photoacoustic spectroscopy"> photoacoustic spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20monitoring" title=" environmental monitoring"> environmental monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131559/selective-and-highly-sensitive-measurement-of-15nh3-using-photoacoustic-spectroscopy-for-environmental-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1418</span> Application to Molecular Electronics of Thin Layers of Organic Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20Benamrani">M. I. Benamrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Benamrani"> H. Benamrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the research to replace silicon and other thin-film semiconductor technologies and to develop long-term technology that is environmentally friendly, low-cost, and abundant, there is growing interest today given to organic materials. Our objective is to prepare polymeric layers containing metal particles deposited on a surface of semiconductor material which can have better electrical properties and which could be applied in the fields of nanotechnology as an alternative to the existing processes involved in the design of electronic circuits. This work consists in the development of composite materials by complexation and electroreduction of copper in a film of poly (pyrrole benzoic acid). The deposition of the polymer film on a monocrystalline silicon substrate is made by electrochemical oxidation in an organic medium. The incorporation of copper particles into the polymer is achieved by dipping the electrode in a solution of copper sulphate to complex the cupric ions, followed by electroreduction in an aqueous solution to precipitate the copper. In order to prepare the monocrystalline silicon substrate as an electrode for electrodeposition, an in-depth study on its surface state was carried out using photoacoustic spectroscopy. An analysis of the optical properties using this technique on the effect of pickling using a chemical solution was carried out. Transmission-photoacoustic and impedance spectroscopic techniques give results in agreement with those of photoacoustic spectroscopy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic" title="photoacoustic">photoacoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopy" title=" spectroscopy"> spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20sulphate" title=" copper sulphate"> copper sulphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20solution" title=" chemical solution"> chemical solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158235/application-to-molecular-electronics-of-thin-layers-of-organic-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1417</span> A Wireless Sensor Network Protocol for a Car Parking Space Monitoring System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gon%20Yoon"> Myung-Gon Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a wireless sensor network protocol for a car parking monitoring system. A wireless sensor network for the purpose is composed of multiple sensor nodes, a sink node, a gateway, and a server. Each of the sensor nodes is equipped with a 3-axis AMR sensor and deployed in the center of a parking space. The sensor node reads its sensor values periodically and transmits the data to the sink node if the current and immediate past sensor values show a difference exceeding a threshold value. The operations of the sink and sensor nodes are described in detail along with flow diagrams. The protocol allows a low-duty cycle operation of the sensor nodes and a flexible adjustment of the threshold value used by the sensor nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=car%20parking%20monitoring" title="car parking monitoring">car parking monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20node" title=" sensor node"> sensor node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title=" wireless sensor network"> wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20protocol" title=" network protocol"> network protocol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11153/a-wireless-sensor-network-protocol-for-a-car-parking-space-monitoring-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1416</span> Influence of Optical Fluence Distribution on Photoacoustic Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20K.%20Metwally">Mohamed K. Metwally</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20H.%20El-Gohary"> Sherif H. El-Gohary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung%20Min%20Byun"> Kyung Min Byun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Moo%20Han"> Seung Moo Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo%20Yeol%20Lee"> Soo Yeol Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Hyoung%20Cho"> Min Hyoung Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gon%20Khang"> Gon Khang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinsung%20Cho"> Jinsung Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Seong%20Kim"> Tae-Seong Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging modality that combines the absorption contrast of light with ultrasound resolution. Laser is used to deposit optical energy into a target (i.e., optical fluence). Consequently, the target temperature rises, and then thermal expansion occurs that leads to generating a PA signal. In general, most image reconstruction algorithms for PAI assume uniform fluence within an imaging object. However, it is known that optical fluence distribution within the object is non-uniform. This could affect the reconstruction of PA images. In this study, we have investigated the influence of optical fluence distribution on PA back-propagation imaging using finite element method. The uniform fluence was simulated as a triangular waveform within the object of interest. The non-uniform fluence distribution was estimated by solving light propagation within a tissue model via Monte Carlo method. The results show that the PA signal in the case of non-uniform fluence is wider than the uniform case by 23%. The frequency spectrum of the PA signal due to the non-uniform fluence has missed some high frequency components in comparison to the uniform case. Consequently, the reconstructed image with the non-uniform fluence exhibits a strong smoothing effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluence%20distribution" title=" fluence distribution"> fluence distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20method" title=" Monte Carlo method"> Monte Carlo method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic%20imaging" title=" photoacoustic imaging"> photoacoustic imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12607/influence-of-optical-fluence-distribution-on-photoacoustic-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1415</span> Implementation of Sensor Fusion Structure of 9-Axis Sensors on the Multipoint Control Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Gil%20Ahn">Jun Gil Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Tae%20Kim"> Jong Tae Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study the sensor fusion structure on the multipoint control unit (MCU). Sensor fusion using Kalman filter for 9-axis sensors is considered. The 9-axis inertial sensor is the combination of 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope and 3-axis magnetometer. We implement the sensor fusion structure among the sensor hubs in MCU and measure the execution time, power consumptions, and total energy. Experiments with real data from 9-axis sensor in 20Mhz show that the average power consumptions are 44mW and 48mW on Cortx-M0 and Cortex-M3 MCU, respectively. Execution times are 613.03 us and 305.6 us respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=9-axis%20sensor" title="9-axis sensor">9-axis sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCU" title=" MCU"> MCU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20fusion" title=" sensor fusion"> sensor fusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84323/implementation-of-sensor-fusion-structure-of-9-axis-sensors-on-the-multipoint-control-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1414</span> Valuation on MEMS Pressure Sensors and Device Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Amziah%20Md%20Yunus">Nurul Amziah Md Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izhal%20Abdul%20Halin"> Izhal Abdul Halin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasri%20Sulaiman"> Nasri Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Faezah%20Ismail"> Noor Faezah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ong%20Kai%20Sheng"> Ong Kai Sheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The MEMS pressure sensor has been introduced and presented in this paper. The types of pressure sensor and its theory of operation are also included. The latest MEMS technology, the fabrication processes of pressure sensor are explored and discussed. Besides, various device applications of pressure sensor such as tire pressure monitoring system, diesel particulate filter and others are explained. Due to further miniaturization of the device nowadays, the pressure sensor with nanotechnology (NEMS) is also reviewed. The NEMS pressure sensor is expected to have better performance as well as lower in its cost. It has gained an excellent popularity in many applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20sensor" title="pressure sensor">pressure sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaphragm" title=" diaphragm"> diaphragm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEMS" title=" MEMS"> MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20application" title=" automotive application"> automotive application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20application" title=" biomedical application"> biomedical application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NEMS" title=" NEMS"> NEMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28395/valuation-on-mems-pressure-sensors-and-device-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">671</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1413</span> An Introductory Study on Optimization Algorithm for Movable Sensor Network-Based Odor Source Localization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yossiri%20Ariyakul">Yossiri Ariyakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piyakiat%20Insom"> Piyakiat Insom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonyawat%20Sangiamkulthavorn"> Poonyawat Sangiamkulthavorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takamichi%20Nakamoto"> Takamichi Nakamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the method of optimization algorithm for sensor network comprised of movable sensor nodes which can be used for odor source localization was proposed. A sensor node is composed of an odor sensor, an anemometer, and a wireless communication module. The odor intensity measured from the sensor nodes are sent to the processor to perform the localization based on optimization algorithm by which the odor source localization map is obtained as a result. The map can represent the exact position of the odor source or show the direction toward it remotely. The proposed method was experimentally validated by creating the odor source localization map using three, four, and five sensor nodes in which the accuracy to predict the position of the odor source can be observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=odor%20sensor" title="odor sensor">odor sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=odor%20source%20localization" title=" odor source localization"> odor source localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20network" title=" sensor network"> sensor network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76005/an-introductory-study-on-optimization-algorithm-for-movable-sensor-network-based-odor-source-localization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1412</span> Performance Comparison of a Low Cost Air Quality Sensor with a Commercial Electronic Nose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%9Cnal%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l">Ünal Kızıl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levent%20Gen%C3%A7"> Levent Genç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sefa%20Aksu"> Sefa Aksu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Tap%C4%B1n%C3%A7"> Ahmet Tapınç</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Figaro AM-1 sensor module which employs TGS 2600 model gas sensor in air quality assessment was used. The system was coupled with a microprocessor that enables sensor module to create warning message via telephone. This low cot sensor system’s performance was compared with a Diagnose II commercial electronic nose system. Both air quality sensor and electronic nose system employ metal oxide chemical gas sensors. In the study experimental setup, data acquisition methods for electronic nose system, and performance of the low cost air quality system were evaluated and explained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title="air quality">air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20nose" title=" electronic nose"> electronic nose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20quality" title=" environmental quality"> environmental quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title=" gas sensor"> gas sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26944/performance-comparison-of-a-low-cost-air-quality-sensor-with-a-commercial-electronic-nose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1411</span> Design of Permanent Sensor Fault Tolerance Algorithms by Sliding Mode Observer for Smart Hybrid Powerpack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungsik%20Jo">Sungsik Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeonwoo%20Kim"> Hyeonwoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iksu%20Choi"> Iksu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hunmo%20Kim"> Hunmo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the SHP, LVDT sensor is for detecting the length changes of the EHA output, and the thrust of the EHA is controlled by the pressure sensor. Sensor is possible to cause hardware fault by internal problem or external disturbance. The EHA of SHP is able to be uncontrollable due to control by feedback from uncertain information, on this paper; the sliding mode observer algorithm estimates the original sensor output information in permanent sensor fault. The proposed algorithm shows performance to recovery fault of disconnection and short circuit basically, also the algorithm detect various of sensor fault mode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20hybrid%20powerpack%20%28SHP%29" title="smart hybrid powerpack (SHP)">smart hybrid powerpack (SHP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro%20hydraulic%20actuator%20%28EHA%29" title=" electro hydraulic actuator (EHA)"> electro hydraulic actuator (EHA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20sensor%20fault%20tolerance" title=" permanent sensor fault tolerance"> permanent sensor fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20observer%20%28SMO%29" title=" sliding mode observer (SMO)"> sliding mode observer (SMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic%20user%20interface%20%28GUI%29" title=" graphic user interface (GUI)"> graphic user interface (GUI)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9250/design-of-permanent-sensor-fault-tolerance-algorithms-by-sliding-mode-observer-for-smart-hybrid-powerpack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1410</span> Adding Protelium Gas Sensor for Smartphone to Reduce Explosion in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfi%20Al%20Fahreizy">Alfi Al Fahreizy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By using LPG (Liquid Protelium Gas), it is very difficult to detect gas leak. Consequently, there is so many incident of gas leak that makes explosion which is occurred in many regions of Indonesia. In this paper, the researcher tries to overcome with it by adding gas sensor for LPG in a smartphone. The aim is to choose the best sensor and how to use it . The methode is to choose sensor by selecting from sensor data sheet qualitatively by giving grade from 1 to 5. Flow chart is shown to make best steps notification that possible to implemented in smartphone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conversion" title="energy conversion">energy conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20leak" title=" gas leak"> gas leak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smartphone" title=" smartphone"> smartphone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosion" title=" explosion"> explosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LPG" title=" LPG "> LPG </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21133/adding-protelium-gas-sensor-for-smartphone-to-reduce-explosion-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1409</span> SFO-ECRSEP: Sensor Field Optimızation Based Ecrsep For Heterogeneous WSNS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gagandeep%20Singh">Gagandeep Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The sensor field optimization is a serious issue in WSNs and has been ignored by many researchers. As in numerous real-time sensing fields the sensor nodes on the corners i.e. on the segment boundaries will become lifeless early because no extraordinary safety is presented for them. Accordingly, in this research work the central objective is on the segment based optimization by separating the sensor field between advance and normal segments. The inspiration at the back this sensor field optimization is to extend the time spam when the first sensor node dies. For the reason that in normal sensor nodes which were exist on the borders may become lifeless early because the space among them and the base station is more so they consume more power so at last will become lifeless soon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSNs" title="WSNs">WSNs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECRSEP" title=" ECRSEP"> ECRSEP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEP" title=" SEP"> SEP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20optimization" title=" field optimization"> field optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15452/sfo-ecrsep-sensor-field-optimization-based-ecrsep-for-heterogeneous-wsns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1408</span> Security Threats on Wireless Sensor Network Protocols</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Gorine">H. Gorine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ramadan%20Elmezughi"> M. Ramadan Elmezughi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate security issues and challenges facing researchers in wireless sensor networks and countermeasures to resolve them. The broadcast nature of wireless communication makes Wireless Sensor Networks prone to various attacks. Due to resources limitation constraint in terms of limited energy, computation power and memory, security in wireless sensor networks creates different challenges than wired network security. We will discuss several attempts at addressing the issues of security in wireless sensor networks in an attempt to encourage more research into this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title="wireless sensor networks">wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security" title=" network security"> network security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20weight%20encryption" title=" light weight encryption"> light weight encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threats" title=" threats"> threats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51644/security-threats-on-wireless-sensor-network-protocols" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1407</span> A New Realization of Multidimensional System for Grid Sensor Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Xiong">Yang Xiong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Cheng"> Hua Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, for the basic problem of wireless sensor network topology control and deployment, the Roesser model in rectangular grid sensor networks is presented. In addition, a general constructive realization procedure will be proposed. The procedure enables a distributed implementation of linear systems on a sensor network. A non-trivial example is illustrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20sensor%20networks" title="grid sensor networks">grid sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roesser%20model" title=" Roesser model"> Roesser model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state-space%20realization" title=" state-space realization"> state-space realization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidimensional%20systems" title=" multidimensional systems"> multidimensional systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19671/a-new-realization-of-multidimensional-system-for-grid-sensor-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">655</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1406</span> A Car Parking Monitoring System Using a Line-Topology Wireless Sensor Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae%20Il%20Kim">Dae Il Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jungho%20Moon"> Jungho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Yun%20Chung"> Tae Yun Chung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a car parking monitoring system using a wireless sensor network. The presented sensor network has a line-shaped topology and adopts a TDMA-based protocol for allowing multi-hop communications. Sensor nodes are deployed in the ground of an outdoor parking lot in such a way that a sensor node monitors a parking space. Each sensor node detects the availability of the associated parking space and transmits the detection result to a sink node via intermediate sensor nodes existing between the source sensor node and the sink node. We evaluate the feasibility of the presented sensor network and the TDMA-based communication protocol through experiments using 11 sensor nodes deployed in a real parking lot. The result shows that the presented car parking monitoring system is robust to changes in the communication environments and efficient for monitoring parking spaces of outdoor parking lots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-hop%20communication" title="multi-hop communication">multi-hop communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20monitoring%20system" title=" parking monitoring system"> parking monitoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDMA" title=" TDMA"> TDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title=" wireless sensor network"> wireless sensor network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61438/a-car-parking-monitoring-system-using-a-line-topology-wireless-sensor-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1405</span> Highly Selective Polymeric Fluorescence Sensor for Cd(II) Ions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soner%20Cubuk">Soner Cubuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozge%20Yilmaz"> Ozge Yilmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ece%20Kok%20Yetimoglu"> Ece Kok Yetimoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vezir%20Kahraman"> M. Vezir Kahraman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, a polymer based highly selective fluorescence sensor membrane was prepared by the photopolymerization technique for the determination Cd(II) ion. Sensor characteristics such as effects of pH, response time and foreign ions on the fluorescence intensity of the sensor were also studied. Under optimized conditions, the polymeric sensor shows a rapid, stable and linear response for 4.45x10-⁹ mol L-¹ - 4.45x10-⁸ mol L-¹ Cd(II) ion with the detection limit of 6.23x10-¹⁰ mol L-¹. In addition, sensor membrane was selective which is not affected by common foreign metal ions. The concentrations of the foreign ions such as Pb²+, Co²+, Ag+, Zn²+, Cu²+, Cr³+ are 1000-fold higher than Cd(II) ions. Moreover, the developed polymeric sensor was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium ions in food and water samples. This work was supported by Marmara University, Commission of Scientific Research Project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium%28II%29" title="cadmium(II)">cadmium(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence" title=" fluorescence"> fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photopolymerization" title=" photopolymerization"> photopolymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymeric%20sensor" title=" polymeric sensor"> polymeric sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65360/highly-selective-polymeric-fluorescence-sensor-for-cdii-ions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1404</span> Design and Characterization of a CMOS Process Sensor Utilizing Vth Extractor Circuit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohana%20Musa">Rohana Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuzman%20Yusoff"> Yuzman Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia%20Chieu%20Yin"> Chia Chieu Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanif%20Che%20Lah"> Hanif Che Lah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and characterization of a low power Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process sensor. The design is targeted for implementation using Silterra’s 180 nm CMOS process technology. The proposed process sensor employs a voltage threshold (V<sub>th</sub>) extractor architecture for detection of variations in the fabrication process. The process sensor generates output voltages in the range of 401 mV (fast-fast corner) to 443 mV (slow-slow corner) at nominal condition. The power dissipation for this process sensor is 6.3 µW with a supply voltage of 1.8V with a silicon area of 190 µm X 60 µm. The preliminary result of this process sensor that was fabricated indicates a close resemblance between test and simulated results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS%20process%20sensor" title="CMOS process sensor">CMOS process sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVT%20sensor" title=" PVT sensor"> PVT sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20extractor%20circuit" title=" threshold extractor circuit"> threshold extractor circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vth%20extractor%20circuit" title=" Vth extractor circuit"> Vth extractor circuit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129672/design-and-characterization-of-a-cmos-process-sensor-utilizing-vth-extractor-circuit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1403</span> Application of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sathapath%20Kilaso">Sathapath Kilaso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, Today, wireless sensor networks are an important technology that works with Internet of Things. It is receiving various data from many sensor. Then sent to processing or storing. By wireless network or through the Internet. The devices around us are intelligent, can receiving/transmitting and processing data and communicating through the system. There are many applications of wireless sensor networks, such as smart city, smart farm, environmental management, weather. This article will explore the use of wireless sensor networks in Thailand and collect data from Thai Thesis database in 2012-2017. How to Implementing Wireless Sensor Network Technology. Advantage from this study To know the usage wireless technology in many fields. This will be beneficial for future research. In this study was found the most widely used wireless sensor network in agriculture field. Especially for smart farms. And the second is the adoption of the environment. Such as weather stations and water inspection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title="wireless sensor network">wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title=" smart city"> smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey" title=" survey"> survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhoc%20Network" title=" Adhoc Network"> Adhoc Network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79820/application-of-wireless-sensor-networks-a-survey-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1402</span> A Review of Security Attacks and Intrusion Detection Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maleh%20Yassine">Maleh Yassine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzati%20Abdellah"> Ezzati Abdellah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are currently used in different industrial and consumer applications, such as earth monitoring, health related applications, natural disaster prevention, and many other areas. Security is one of the major aspects of wireless sensor networks due to the resource limitations of sensor nodes. However, these networks are facing several threats that affect their functioning and their life. In this paper we present security attacks in wireless sensor networks, and we focus on a review and analysis of the recent Intrusion Detection schemes in WSNs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title="wireless sensor networks">wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20attack" title=" security attack"> security attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denial%20of%20service" title=" denial of service"> denial of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDS" title=" IDS"> IDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster-based%20model" title=" cluster-based model"> cluster-based model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20based%20IDS" title=" signature based IDS"> signature based IDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20IDS" title=" hybrid IDS"> hybrid IDS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5249/a-review-of-security-attacks-and-intrusion-detection-schemes-in-wireless-sensor-networks-a-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1401</span> Modalmetric Fiber Sensor and Its Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zyczkowski">M. Zyczkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Markowski"> P. Markowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Karol"> M. Karol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The team from IOE MUT is developing fiber optic sensors for the security systems for 15 years. The conclusions of the work indicate that these sensors are complicated. Moreover, these sensors are expensive to produce and require sophisticated signal processing methods.We present the results of the investigations of three different applications of the modalmetric sensor: • Protection of museum collections and heritage buildings, • Protection of fiber optic transmission lines, • Protection of objects of critical infrastructure. Each of the presented applications involves different requirements for the system. The results indicate that it is possible to developed a fiber optic sensor based on a single fiber. Modification of optoelectronic parts with a change of the length of the sensor and the method of reflections of propagating light at the end of the sensor allows to adjust the system to the specific application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modalmetric%20fiber%20optic%20sensor" title="modalmetric fiber optic sensor">modalmetric fiber optic sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20sensor" title=" security sensor"> security sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronic%20parts" title=" optoelectronic parts"> optoelectronic parts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20processing" title=" signal processing"> signal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9235/modalmetric-fiber-sensor-and-its-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">619</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1400</span> Gas Sensor Based On a One-Dimensional Nano-Grating Au/ Co/ Au/ TiO2 Magneto-Plasmonic Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Hamidi">S. M. Hamidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Afsharnia"> M. Afsharnia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas sensors based on magneto-plasmonic (MP) structures have attracted much attention due to the high signal to noise ratio in these type of sensors. In these sensors, both the plasmonic and the MO properties of the resulting MP structure become interrelated because the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of the metallic medium. This interconnection can be modified the sensor responses and enhanced the signal to noise ratio. So far the sensor features of multilayered structures made of noble and ferromagnetic metals as Au/Co/Au MP multilayer with TiO2 sensor layer have been extensively studied, but their SPR assisted sensor response need to the krestchmann configuration. Here, we present a systematic study on the new MP structure based on one-dimensional nano-grating Au/ Co/ Au/ TiO2 multilayer to utilize as an inexpensive and easy to use gas sensor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magneto-plasmonic%20structures" title="Magneto-plasmonic structures">Magneto-plasmonic structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gas%20sensor" title=" Gas sensor"> Gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-garting" title=" nano-garting"> nano-garting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19377/gas-sensor-based-on-a-one-dimensional-nano-grating-au-co-au-tio2-magneto-plasmonic-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1399</span> Performance Analysis of N-Tier Grid Protocol for Resource Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Prakash%20Prasad">Jai Prakash Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Chandra%20Mohan"> Suresh Chandra Mohan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of small size, low cost devices which are networked through tight wireless communications. WSN fundamentally offers cooperation, coordination among sensor networks. Potential applications of wireless sensor networks are in healthcare, natural disaster prediction, data security, environmental monitoring, home appliances, entertainment etc. The design, development and deployment of WSN based on application requirements. The WSN design performance is optimized to improve network lifetime. The sensor node resources constrain such as energy and bandwidth imposes the limitation on efficient resource utilization and sensor node management. The proposed N-Tier GRID routing protocol focuses on the design of energy efficient large scale wireless sensor network for improved performance than the existing protocol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficient" title="energy efficient">energy efficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20lifetime" title=" network lifetime"> network lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20networks" title=" sensor networks"> sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20communication" title=" wireless communication"> wireless communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43897/performance-analysis-of-n-tier-grid-protocol-for-resource-constrained-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1398</span> Development of Polymer Nano-Particles as in vivo Imaging Agents for Photo-Acoustic Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molecular imaging has attracted much attention to visualize a tumor site in a living body on the basis of biological functions. A fluorescence in vivo imaging technique has been widely employed as a useful modality for small animals in pre-clinical researches. However, it is difficult to observe a site deep inside a body because of a short penetration depth of light. A photo-acoustic effect is a generation of a sound wave following light absorption. Because the sound wave is less susceptible to the absorption of tissues, an in vivo imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect can observe deep inside a living body. The current study developed an in vivo imaging agent for a photoacoustic imaging method. Nano-particles of poly(lactic acid) including indocyanine dye were developed as bio-compatible imaging agent with strong light absorption. A tumor site inside a mouse body was successfully observed in a photo-acoustic image. A photo-acoustic imaging with polymer nano-particle agent would be a powerful method to visualize a tumor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-particle" title="nano-particle">nano-particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-acoustic%20effect" title=" photo-acoustic effect"> photo-acoustic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title=" polymer"> polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye" title=" dye"> dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%20imaging" title=" in vivo imaging"> in vivo imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101895/development-of-polymer-nano-particles-as-in-vivo-imaging-agents-for-photo-acoustic-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1397</span> Characterization and Calibration of a Fluxgate Magnetometer Sensor 539</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luz%20Yoali%20Alfaro%20Luna">Luz Yoali Alfaro Luna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ang%C3%A9lica%20Hern%C3%A1ndez%20Rayas"> Angélica Hernández Rayas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teodoro%20C%C3%B3rdova%20Fraga"> Teodoro Córdova Fraga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work characterizes and calibrates a fluxgate 539 magnetometer sensor, implementing a real-time monitoring interface to measure magnetic fields with high precision. The objective is to develop an innovative prototype integrating the Fluxgate 539 sensor, a WX-DC2412 power supply, and an Arduino UNO. Methods include interface programming and data conversion to Gauss units. The results show accurate measurements after calibrating the sensor, establishing a foundation for further research in magnetobiology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title="calibration">calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluxgate%20539" title=" fluxgate 539"> fluxgate 539</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetobiology" title=" magnetobiology"> magnetobiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field%20measurement" title=" magnetic field measurement"> magnetic field measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20interface" title=" monitoring interface"> monitoring interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20characterization" title=" sensor characterization"> sensor characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193322/characterization-and-calibration-of-a-fluxgate-magnetometer-sensor-539" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1396</span> Intelligent Wireless Patient Monitoring and Tracking System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ch.%20Sandeep%20Kumar%20Subudhi">Ch. Sandeep Kumar Subudhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sivanandam"> S. Sivanandam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our system is to monitor the human body temperature, blood pressure (BP), Pulse Rate and ECG and tracking the patient location. In our system the body temperature is detected by using LM35 temperature sensor, blood pressure is detected by the BP sensor, pulse rate is detected by the ear plug pulse sensor and the ECG is detected by the three lead ECG sensor in the working environment of the patient. The sensed information is sent to the PIC16F877 microcontroller through signal conditioning circuit. A desired amount of sensor value is set and if it is exceeded preliminary steps should be taken by indication by buzzer. The sensor information will be transmitted from the patient unit to the main controller unit with the help of Zigbee communication medium which is connected with the microcontrollers in the both units. The main controller unit will send those sensor data as well as the location of that patient by the help of GPS module to the observer/doctor. The observer/doctor can receive the SMS sent by GSM module and further decision can be taken. The message is sent to a cell phone using global system mobile (GSM) Modem. MAX232 acts as a driver between microcontroller and modem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LM35" title="LM35">LM35</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20beat%20sensor" title=" heart beat sensor"> heart beat sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG%20Sensor" title=" ECG Sensor"> ECG Sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BP%20Sensor" title=" BP Sensor"> BP Sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zigbee%20module" title=" Zigbee module"> Zigbee module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20module" title=" GSM module"> GSM module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS%20module" title=" GPS module"> GPS module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIC16F877A%20microcontroller" title=" PIC16F877A microcontroller"> PIC16F877A microcontroller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8000/intelligent-wireless-patient-monitoring-and-tracking-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic%20gas%20sensor&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoacoustic%20gas%20sensor&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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